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ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of sandplay therapy in intervening social communication deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and whether this efficacy is influenced by the age of the children and the dosage of sandplay therapy intervention.MethodsFollowing the PICOS principle, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to sandplay therapy for social communication deficits in ASD children were retrieved from seven databases: PubMed, WOS, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, from the inception of each database to November 10, 2023. Two experimenters independently conducted study screening and excluded studies with concomitant diseases, incomplete data, unextractable data, and non-randomized controlled trials. The PEDro scale was used for methodological quality assessment, and the GRADEprofiler method was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. Stata17 software was used for meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias testing. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect statistics.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs (791 cases) were included. Sandplay therapy had a positive impact on the social communication deficits of ASD children [SMD = −1.42, 95%CI (−1.79, −1.04), P

A palladium catalytic method has been developed for the coupling of amides and cyclopropanols to γ-diketones, through simultaneous C–N and C–C activation. Heteroatom ligand exchange and heteroatom-to-carbon ligation mode switching enable the achievement of molecular cross-coupling in an amide N-atom structural context-dependent manner, avoiding any stoichiometric organometallic reagent or base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the stability of dough with soybean oil, this article explored the effect of soybean oil addition on the rheological characteristics of dough under high hydrostatic pressure. The results showed that, compared with the dough without soybean oil, the β‐sheet, disulfide bonds content, and gauche‐gauche‐gauche in the dough increased by 4.23%, 0.85 μmol/g, and 4.16%, respectively when the dough was added with 6% soybean oil, which improved the degree of cross‐linking polymerization of gluten protein and the stability of gluten network. Meanwhile, the dough had the highest elastic modulus and the lowest maximum creep compliance (6.85 × 10−4 Pa−1), indicating that 6% soybean oil significantly increased the elasticity and hardness of the dough. The results of short‐range ordered structure and paste properties showed that with the addition of soybean oil, the ordered structure and paste viscosity decreased with the increase of soybean oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, there are seldom researches on the application of potassium carbonate in dough. In this paper, the influence mechanism of potassium carbonate on the rheological properties of dough was analyzed by exploring effect of potassium carbonate on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch and protein in the dough. Compared with the control group, the disulfide bond, guache-guache-guache conformation, and β-sheet increased by 1.46 μmol/g, 9.02%, and 5.11%, respectively, when the addition amount of potassium carbonate was 0.6%. It showed that potassium carbonate induced protein aggregation and interaction in the dough which was the main reason for the increase of elasticity and the decrease of extensibility. The results also showed that potassium carbonate (>0.2%) destroyed the ordered structure in starch of dough. Nevertheless, the potassium carbonate had no influence on the crystal form of starch in the dough. [Display omitted] • Potassium carbonate significantly changed the rheological properties of dough. •Potassium carbonate (0.6%) induced protein aggregation best. •Potassium carbonate (>0.2%) destroyed the order of starch molecules. •Potassium carbonate had application potential in flour products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between muscle strength, working memory, and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the pathways and effects of working memory in mediating the relationship between muscle strength and ADL., Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 245 older adults individuals from nursing homes. We collected data on grip strength, the 30-s sit-to-stand test, the N-back task, and ADL. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, χ2 tests, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling., Results: Grip strength significantly influenced ADL (effect size = -0.175, 95% CI: -0.226 to -0.124). Grip strength also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size = -0.114, 95% CI: -0.161 to -0.067). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between grip strength and ADL (effect size = 0.054, 95% CI: -0.084 to -0.029). The 30-s sit-to-stand test significantly impacted ADL (effect size = -0.280, 95% CI: -0.358 to -0.203). It also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size = -0.095, 95% CI: -0.183 to -0.007). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between the 30-s sit-to-stand test and ADL (effect size = -0.166, 95% CI: -0.236 to -0.106)., Conclusion: There exists a strong correlation between muscle strength, working memory, and ADL. Increased muscle strength leads to better ADL performance and improved working memory tasks. Low cognitive load working memory tasks can mediate the relationship between muscle strength and ADL. Regular physical exercise can enhance muscle strength, slow down the decline of working memory, thereby maintaining or improving ADL in older adults., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liao, Wang, Jia, Cai and Liu.)

Background: The shoulder pain and reduced range of motion caused by breast cancer seriously affect the quality of life of women. Such persistent impairments can escalate into chronic pain, diminished muscle strength, lymphedema, and compromised cardiorespiratory health potentially culminating in permanent disability. This systematic review aims to evaluate how physical exercise impacts shoulder mobility and upper limb function in breast cancer patients post-surgery, examining various aspects of exercise such as type, intensity, duration, frequency, and intervention timing to determine the influence on outcomes., Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across seven databases up to April 16, 2024. Two reviewers independently assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on the effects of physical exercise on postoperative outcomes in breast cancer patients. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, with meta-analyses and publication bias tests performed via RevMan5.4, and evidence quality evaluated using GRADEPro. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Twenty studies (25 RCTs involving 2,171 patients) were included for both the systematic review and the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis confirmed that physical exercise significantly enhanced shoulder flexion (SMD =0.59; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.86; P<0.001) and abduction (SMD =1.01; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.60; P<0.001) in postoperative patients, and improved upper limb function (SMD =0.87; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.26; P<0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that comprehensive exercise, particularly when performed ≤3 times a week or over 8-12 weeks, was most effective for improving shoulder flexion, while shorter durations (<8 weeks) and similar frequencies were optimal for abduction. Resistance exercises, especially when started early (<2 weeks post-surgery), showed significant benefits for upper limb function., Conclusions: The included studies were of moderate to high quality, though some lacked detailed reporting on blinding or allocation concealment. Analysis suggests that the timing of intervention initiation, along with exercise type and frequency, may contribute to observed variations in outcomes. Evidence quality assessments did not reveal significant issues with indirectness or imprecision, and no significant publication bias was detected. Given the low heterogeneity and absence of significant downgrade factors, intermediate evidence quality was assigned for upper limb function and shoulder abduction, with high quality for shoulder flexion. Physical exercise is notably effective in enhancing both upper limb function and shoulder mobility in breast cancer patients, with the timing and frequency of exercise interventions influencing these improvements. This provides valuable evidence for clinical rehabilitation strategies., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://gs.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/gs-24-255/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Gland Surgery. All rights reserved.)

As a key component of cell-cultured fish, fish skin gelatin (FSG)-based cell scaffold provides support structures for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, there are potential allergenicity risks contained in FSG-based scaffolds. In this study, 3D edible scaffolds were prepared by phase separation method and showed a contact angle of less than 90°, which indicated that the scaffolds were favorable for cell adhesion. Besides, the swelling ratio was greater than 200%, implying a great potential to support cell growth. The sequence homology analysis indicated that FSG was prone to cross-reaction with collagen analogues. Additionally, a food allergic model was constructed and represented that mice gavaged with cod FSG exhibited higher levels of specific antibodies, mast cell degranulation, vascular permeability, and intestinal barrier impairment than those gavaged with pangasius and tilapias FSG. Its higher allergenicity might be attributed to a higher number of digestion-resistant linear epitopes. Moreover, the higher hydrolysis degree linked to the exposure of linear epitopes to promote the combination with IgE, which was also responsible for maintaining the higher allergenicity of cod FSG. This study clarifies allergenic risks in cell-cultured fish and further study will focus on the allergenicity reduction of FSG-based cell scaffolds.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the intervention effect of physical exercise on disordered social communication in patients with autism spectrum disorders., Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis used the PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases to conduct a systematic search of literature describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of physical exercise on disordered social communication in autistic patients from the first year of inclusion to 21 January 2023., Results: A total of 14 RCTs including 460 autistic patients were analyzed. A meta-analysis showed that physical exercise had a positive effect on social communication disorder (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.74, p  < 0.05) in autistic patients. Subgroup analysis showed that exercise programs with multiple components (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.06, P  < 0.001), a moderate duration (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.38, 1.08, P  < 0.001), a moderate-high frequency (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.14, P  < 0.001), and a long duration (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.18, P  < 0.001) led to significant improvement., Conclusion: Physical exercise can improve disordered social communication in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Specifically, early intervention, multi-component exercise, a moderate period, moderate and high frequency, long duration, and multi-participant programs were most effective., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ RecordID= CRD42023422482., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Jia, Guo, Li, Zhou, Wang and Wang.)

A Rh(III)-catalyzed hydrazine-directed C-H olefination approach was developed for synthesizing amino-side-chained poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The creation of such a divergent portfolio of PPV candidates enabled the discovery of a mega Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yield, and solid-state fluorescence, highlighting the great prospects of our synthetic protocol as an innovative tool.