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Now all world tendencies of energy are sent on the use and combining of renewable energy sources. Combination of a few renewable energy sources bringing in of not renewable sources results in partial independence. In this work was the tested laboratory device for heating and cooling of liquid. During an experiment rules were used Carnot, hydrodynamics, dynamic compression of gases and many other principles. The offered combination of a few systems of replaceable energy, marked in graphic arts, represented the amount of sources, necessary for work of experimental settlement. There were the taken off indexes in the different terms of work of experimental settlement, for this purpose it was equipped plenty of pickoffs.A this job performance is development and testing of pilot laboratory plant. Constructed the laboratory setting behaves to difficult, but possibility experimentally to probe its work and get static descriptions appeared. There was the accepted decision to find out functional connection of initial sizes from changes an entrance. A major index is a temperature in a hot capacity. After treatment of the collected indexes the experimental line of regression was built and the mean values of indexes, which was needed for finding of coefficient of correlation, are found. The probed time, temperature, pressure, on the different intervals of settlement is managed on-line from a mobile device.For a construction and estimation of adequacy of mathematical exemplary collection of indexes from touch-controls depending on the temperature indexes of condition of exploitation, which requires more detailed supervisions, for this research it may need anymore the river, depending on time of annual and desired temperature in an apartment. Taken off indexes, allowed to get the approximated information for the construction of diagrams of dependences of festering of pressure from temperatures. By an experimental result graphic dependences of pressure became built on temperatures on three basic areas of settlement. Findings are given by possibilities to build a mathematical model for successive modernization of settlement.

Paper presents diagnostic analysis of automotive ignition system for various working and adverse conditions in laboratory. Description and importance of basic diagnostics of automotive ignition system are examined in the first part of the paper. In the second the focus is placed on the basic principles and solution of the spark plug model. The test laboratory device is proposed in the following and the specialized measurements were executed by the proposed measurement system. The faults were simulated by application of oil and gasoline between the electrodes and failing by the driver to make the ignition contact on the spark plug.

Challenges for prediction of tension loads and deformations in geosynthetic mechanically stabilised earth (MSE) walls are proper characterisation of the in-soil material properties and stress trans...

The use of additive technologies allows increasing the availability of scientific equipment in educational centres. The research is dedicated to designing, assembling and testing a laboratory device for measuring the mechanical moduli of granular media. The mechanics of a granular media depend on both the mechanical parameters of individual granules such as particle size, elastic moduli, friction and macro-parameters of the granular media, such as internal structure or humidity. The laboratory device was designed in CAD software package and printed on the 3D printer DF-Print 3.5 using ABS plastic. Comparing to the other similar devices, the advantage of the one we are developing consists in the quick and cheap replicating of its parts on any available 3D printer. The device was tested for different materials, the available range of measuring data and applied loads were determined.

Embedding is an anatomical pathology laboratory device that is very important for producing quality slices and is also a device used to process paraffin tissue, so that the tissue can be cut with higher precision using a microtom (slicer). From the process of melting paraffin crystals using a manual heating process with bunsen flame heaters (fire heaters) so that the paraffin crystals can be transformed from the crystal into liquid. While paraffin crystals that have been processed from the crystal to liquid form are poured into the mold and left to freeze. In this case, an embedding system device will be made equipped with heating and cooling. The temperature used for the liquefaction process is 50C while the temperature for cooling is 17C. After making the process of making device, experiment device, and retrieving data, the error percentage results were 0.016% at the heating temperature and 0.08% at the coolant temperature, and the percentage of heating samples obtained in the sample was 61.3%, while the percentage samples for parts coolers get a value of 92%

Population extended life expectancy has significantly increased the risk of septic shock in an ageing population. Sepsis affects roughly 20 million people every year, resulting in over 11 million deaths. The need for faster more accurate diagnostics and better management is therefore paramount in the fight to prevent these avoidable deaths. Here we report the development of a POC device with the ability to identify a broad range of pathogens on a lateral flow platform. Namely Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The simple to use laboratory device has the potential to be automated, thus enabling an operator to carry out solid-phase lysis and room temperature RPA in situ, providing accurate results in hours rather than days. Results show there is a potential for a fully automated device in which concepts described in this paper can be integrated into a lateral flow device.

Mobility of nZVI is a vital parameter for designing effective in situ remediation strategy. This chapter describes the utilization of a laboratory device developed for the characterization of migration of differently modified nZVI materials based on their ferromagnetic properties. The one-dimensional column is suitable for comparing the migration properties of different types of nZVI and is less demanding for the material, while the cascade column simulates the process after nZVI injection into the treated well more realistically.

Understanding the cut and chip (CC) effect in rubber is important for successful product development for tires used in off-road or poor road conditions and for other demanding applications of rubbe...

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of particulates and powders is of great importance in the process of engineering. The prediction of thermal properties of powders using empirical equations is still difficult due to the wide range of specific attributes. This article describes a new measurement methodology for a laboratory device, which can be used to determine the thermal conductivity of bulk solids. The presented results show that the created device is very well applicable for industrial practice. It is possible to examine the coefficient of thermal conductivity depending on the sample temperature, granulometry and morphological composition, moisture content, degree of consolidation and other variables that may enter into the entire process and affect it significantly.

The trajectory of the web at the exit of a roll coating operation can influence the quality of the final coating. While methods to model the web trajectory have been given in the literature, these methods are limited in various ways. A method is proposed to describe the web trajectory and the pressure distribution in the fluid at the exit of a forward roll coater. The Reynolds lubrication equations for the fluid are coupled with the web by a force balance on web node points. The fluid pressure in the coating layer generates forces on the web. These forces deflect the web. Integration in time gives the web dynamics. The angle that the web is pulled from the nip and the tension are found to influence the pressure pulse in the divergent section of the nip to a large extent. Low tensions lead to a second pressure pulse followed by a sub-ambient or tack pressure. Pulling the web at various angles from the nip can cause the tack pressure to increase or decrease. Pressure pulses are predicted that are comparable to measurements by a laboratory device.

Gathering information about soil properties in an efficient way is essential for many soil applications also for very shallow geothermal systems (e.g. collector systems or heat baskets). In the field, electrical resistivity tomogramphy measurements enable non-invasive and extensive analyses regarding the determination of soil properties. For a better understanding of measured electrical resistivity values in relation to soil properties within this study, a laboratory setup was developed. The structure of this laboratory setup is geared to gather electrical resistivity or rather electrical conductivity values which are directly comparable to data measured in the field. Within this setup grain size distribution, moisture content, and bulk density, which are the most important soil parameters affecting the electrical resistivity, can be adjusted. In terms of a better estimation of the geothermal capability of soil, thermal conductivity measurements were also implemented within the laboratory test sequence. The generated data reveals the serious influence of the water content and also provides a huge impact of the bulk density on the electrical as well as on the thermal conductivity. Furthermore, different behaviour patterns of electrical and thermal conductivity in their particular relation to the different soil parameters could be identified.

The work is devoted to research and intensification of the process of boiling of solutions with different viscosities in evaporators of a tubular type with forced circulation and a drift boiling zone. The main factors that influence the change in the hydraulic resistance of the heating chamber under various operating conditions and the dependence of the loss on vapor content are determined on the developed laboratory device. The optimum value of the circulation velocity of the working solution at various temperatures and the boiling zones is also found in the article

High ratio penetration of power electronic devices have added many inter-harmonics to the power system. These dynamically changing inter-harmonics raise new security issues, such as sub-synchronous oscillations (SSO) and frequency stability control, which propose new requirements to power system monitoring devices. In this paper, a fast synchronized measurement method with wide frequency bandwidth is proposed by using super-resolution characteristics of spatial spectrum estimation, and a kurtosis based method for estimating the number of signal frequency components is proposed, the stability under low SNR conditions of the method is improved, and the fast and high-precision measurement of the wide frequency bandwidth signal is realized. And then, a prototype of wide frequency bandwidth measurement is developed. The results of simulation test, laboratory device test and field data test verify the validity of the proposed method.

Coal and gas outbursts usually generate a large amount of coal fragment of various sizes. This phenomenon is assumed to be related to the exploding and shattering of coal containing high-pressure adsorbed gas when it is suddenly exposed. To verify this assumption, a laboratory device has been developed to test the shatter proneness of coal blocks at high pressure. Experiments were conducted by using coal blocks sampled from four different mines. The experiments show that if the gas pressure is high enough, all coal blocks can be shattered. The particle size of the shattered coal follows the Weibull distribution. Under specific gas pressure, the shatter proneness of coal can be represented by the scale parameter in the Weibull distribution function derived from experiments. This parameter represents the susceptibility of outburst and may be used as one of the outburst predictive indicators in the future.

In this chapter, we will illustrate the synthesis and experimental results of the MPC-reference governor (MPC-RG) strategy as described in Sect. 4.2. The MPC-RG optimization problem will be solved parametrically and implemented in a real-time fashion on a microchip with limited computational and memory resources. The viability of the MPC-RG strategy is tested on a laboratory process of a magnetically suspended ball. This section describes the mathematical modeling of the magnetically suspended ball. Here, we also present the primary stabilizing PID controller and the state space model closed-loop system. Second, we introduce the laboratory device and experimental setup.

Mandarin thinning is done by hand, increasing labor cost and raising total crop production costs. Mechanical thinning has been tested in peaches and other fruits. To achieve the maximum efficiency thinning requires to be applied at a specific stage of vegetative development. In this research study the mechanical thinning of mandarin branches during the different fruit developing stages has been assessed using a vibratory laboratory device (amplitudes 0.015 m and 0.030 mm and frequencies 34.8 Hz and 37.8 Hz). Branches with flower buds, flowers, small green fruits and medium green fruits were tested during 12 weeks and two different seasons. It was possible to detach mechanically flower buds, flowers and green fruits using different combinations of amplitudes and frequencies. Removal percentage decreased when increasing retention traction force, according to a logarithmic regression model. During fruit setting (weeks 5, 6 and 7) removal percentage was higher, when the retention force is very low. The first weeks just after the natural thinning could be consider the adequate time for a mechanical thinning operation.

Nowadays, cell characterization represents a fundamental task widely diffused in different fields. The main purpose of this paper is the design and development of a device for cellular characterization based on a pyroelectric sensor. After a brief introduction dedicated to the methods actually employed for cell counting, the pyroelectric sensor, the electronic readout unit, and the prototype will be introduced. Different cell concentration samples have been analyzed in order to highlight how the induced pyroelectric response is related to the cell properties. Experimental results shown that sensor output is strongly affected by cell type, concentration and viability. Particularly, it has been observed an increase in output signal related to an increase in cell concentration, mainly due to a lower thermal conductivity. No significant variation has been observed by the drastic reduction of cell viability also by varying cell concentration. The aforementioned results are probably due to the induction of a decrease in mitochondrial activity. Obtained results are very promising for the realization of a low cost laboratory device with all the characteristics listed above.

The current study presents the design and evaluation of a laboratory device combining mechanical motion of wheat grain and turbulent air streaming inside a positive pneumatic conveyor system. The device recovers microparticulate nano-engineered alumina insecticide powders (NAIP) from treated grain. The particle removal efficiency of the conveying system was experimentally quantified by using a laboratory prototype assembled by attaching an electrostatic filter (EF) to the conveyors exhaust. Then, the NAIP particles detached from the grain inside the conveyor were drawn by the conveyors’ exhaust air stream into the EF, where particles bound to the electrodes due to electric charge differences. The NAIP particle load bound to the EF electrodes was removed and weighed to determine the efficiency of the wheat grain cleaning process. Our experimental results, under laboratory conditions, show that the recovery efficiency of the prototype averaged 98.0% (±1.4). Thus, the present study provides an innovative strategy to remove NAIP insecticide particles after storage, once their role as insecticide in stored grain has been fulfilled. This technology provides advancement in grain technology allowing the possibility to provide insecticide-free grain to the food market.

The design and test results for a prototype laboratory device capable of condensing and solidifying gases is presented. This equipment is a new approach to the fabrication of NH 3 material for polarized target experiments in nuclear physics experiments. The formed solids have a cylindrical geometry with 32 mm diameter and 50 mm height. With Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis we designed and established operational parameters for the condenser. The system designed for initial testing with CO 2 is now ready to use for growing good quality crystals of NH 3 with a novel shape, featuring cooling channels for polarized target experiments.

Electronic cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among middle and high schoolers and are the most popular alternative tobacco product among adults. High quality, reproducible research on the consequences of electronic cigarette use is essential for understanding emerging public health concerns and crafting evidence based regulatory policy. While a growing number of papers discuss electronic cigarettes, there is little consistency in methods across groups and very little consensus on results. Here, we describe a programmable laboratory device that can be used to create extracts of conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol. This protocol details instructions for the assembly and operation of said device, and demonstrates the use of the generated extract in two sample applications: an in vitro cell viability assay and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. This method provides a tool for making direct comparisons between conventional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes, and is an accessible entry point into electronic cigarette research.

The 4SPIN® desktop laboratory device has been developed for the deposition of nanomaterials dedicated not only to medical applications, but also to other fields such as nanoelectronics, optics, filtration, etc. The apparatus integrates various methods to enable the preparation of nanostructured materials according to researching demands. Nine principally different emitters (most of them are usable in the method called electroblowing) and six different collectors enable researchers to perform various types of experiments. This allowed nanofibrous materials with different microscopic and macroscopic structures to be successfully prepared. The 4SPIN® laboratory device was developed at Contipro Biotech Ltd. and seven principles used were patented. The device has been certified for electrical safety by the CE mark and has been marketed since January 2013.

We undertook the first clinical evaluation of a novel, non-invasive device for the continuous measurement of plasma haemoglobin concentration in 25 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. At four pre-determined intervals, samples of blood were taken for plasma haemoglobin estimation on a blood gas analyser and a laboratory device and were compared with the plasma haemoglobin estimation on the novel device using the Bland-Altman method. The 95% limits of agreement for estimation of plasma haemoglobin concentration for the device vs. laboratory, the device vs. the blood gas analyser and the blood gas analyser vs. the laboratory were 101.3 g.l(-1) , 103.1 g.l(-1) and 14.5 g.l(-1) , respectively. The bias (mean difference) in each case was 27.4 g.l(-1) , 25.1 g.l(-1) and 2.4 g.l(-1) , respectively. We conclude that the novel device in its current form is not a suitable replacement for more invasive methods of determining plasma haemoglobin concentration in patients in the setting of cardiac surgery; however, lessons learnt from the study will help to improve the device's future performance.

In this study a thermal desorption procedure (HgTPD) was used to identify mercury species in samples of gypsum obtained from wet flue gas desulphurization plants (WFGD). Gypsum from industrial coal combustion power plants and gypsum from a laboratory device that simulates mercury retention in the WFGD process were studied. It was concluded that mercury sulphide (HgS) is the mercury species present in WFGD gypsums unless an additive is used. Mercury speciation in this kind of residue can contribute to a better understanding of the reaction and adsorption behaviour of mercury species in the WFGD process and provide a deeper knowledge of the environmental impact caused by the disposal or reuse of these Hg-containing residues., The financial support for this work was provided by the project CTM2011-22921. The authors thank the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) for awarding Ms. Marta Rumayor a JAE-predoc fellowship.

Chemostat refers to a laboratory device used for growing microorganisms in a cultured environment and has been regarded as an idealization of nature to study competition modeling in mathematical biology. The simple form of chemostat model assumes that the availability of nutrient and its supply rate are both fixed. In addition, the tendency of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces is neglected by assuming the flow rate is fast enough. However, these assumptions largely limit the applicability of chemostat models to realistic competition systems. In this paper, we relax these assumptions and study chemostat models with random nutrient supplying rate or random input nutrient concentration, with or without wall growth. This leads to random dynamical systems and requires the concept of random attractors developed in the theory of random dynamical systems. Our results include existence of uniformly bounded non-negative solutions, existence of random attractors, and geometric details of random attractors for different value of parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effectiveness of the removal process of milk soil was studied using a laboratory device called bath-substrate-flow and three different types of milk: sheep, skimmed cow, and milk for infants. Experiments were performed using different surfactants and operation conditions. The washing efficiency was related to the temperature of the process, type of soiling agent and wash-bath composition. The highest detergency in all cases was detected at high pH levels with surfactants. The results show that the cleaning of these soils differed for each type of milk and depended on the composition of the residue formed. The use of specific surfactant formulations for each soiling agent under the appropriate conditions proved to be a useful option to reduce the cleaning times for clean-in-place processes of milk foulants in the dairy industry, guaranteeing cleaning with a lower environmental and economic impact over the final products.

Hydraulic pumps are the most important components of hydraulic circuits in agricultural tractors. Their durability is influenced by flow characteristics and thus the flow efficiency. This paper presents the laboratory test of an ecological synthetic hydraulic fluid of UTTO type. This fluid is currently under development. In terms of a decrease in hydraulic pump flow efficiency, laboratory tests of these fluids did not show negative effects of its application. It can be stated that after completion of laboratory tests, it will be needed to continue with trials under operational conditions.

A technology based on multi-rectification coupling pilot and laboratory equipment was applied to prepare volatile oils from red or pink onions, which were cultivated in Shandong and Gansu province of China. In the present work, golden yellow, clear and sticky onion volatile oil with the yield of 0.033 mL/kg was prepared by rectifying the distillates collected from the pilot device two times in the laboratory device. GC–MS analysis of the onion oils indicated that the content of dipropyl trisulfide was the highest and changed from 10% to 21% with onion types and cultivation areas. Various kinds of sulfides occupied 53–62.1% of the oils. And the content of the sulfide compounds in the dry substances of onions was 0.244–0.306 g/kg. Red skin onion from Shandong province of China and red and pink skin onion from Jiuquan, Gansu province of China have the same components, only a minor discrepancy in relative content.

We describe a method for accelerating a thin (~1 mm thick) striker with a diameter of 35 mm in a shock tube channel up to velocities above to ~275 m/s under the pressure of detonation products of acetylene–oxygen fuel mixture. Impact of this striker on a ~1-cm-thick water layer generates a nonstationary decaying shock wave (Taylor wave) with amplitude of ~0.2 GPa on escape from the free surface.

This paper deals with control of a laboratory binary distillation column used for separation of methanol from water. The focus of this paper is the tutorial demonstration of the model-free fuzzy control design for the laboratory device. The performance and the control synthesis of the fuzzy control approach are moreover compared with classical PID controller.

BACKGROUND Hemoglobin level monitoring is essential during liver transplantation (LT) due to substantial blood loss. We evaluated the accuracy of non-invasive and continuous hemoglobin monitoring (SpHb) obtained by a transcutaneous spectrophotometry-based technology (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) compared with conventional laboratory Hb measurement (HbL) during LT. Additionally, we made subgroup analyses for distinct surgical phases that have special features and hemodynamic problems and thus may affect the accuracy of SpHb. METHODS During LT, blood samples were obtained twice for each of the three phases of LT (pre-anhepatic, anhepatic, and neohepatic) and were analyzed by the central laboratory. The HbL measurements were compared with SpHb obtained at the time of the blood draws. RESULTS A total of 282 data pairs obtained from 53 patients were analyzed. The SpHb values ranged from 6.9 to 17.7 g/dL, and the HbL values ranged from 5.4 to 17.1 g/dL. The correlation coefficient between SpHb and HbL was 0.73 (P

The purpose of this study was to determine if improvements in knee function after arthroplasty could be practicably measured in the clinical setting using available, validated technology. The tools we assessed included a timed test of common activities, a platform posturography analysis, and a portable gait laboratory device to quantify body segment motion. We measured the function of 25 total knee arthroplasty patients before surgery and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Assessment of sit-to-stand, walking, stair climbing, lunging, Knee Society Scores, and Oxford Survey Scores were collected at each interval. Patients showed significant improvement in step length, gait speed, symmetry of weight distribution, symmetry of lunging, and speed of stair climbing. Changes in function with long-term follow-up can be precisely measured, making this technology promising for clinical or research applications.

Over the past decades a wide range of routine measurement devices has been developed, all of them measuring the friction force between a rubber wheel and the (wetted) road surface. At the same time, many efforts have been undertaken to predict skid resistance solely from texture measurements. This paper presents a concept of contactless skid resistance measurement which is based on optical texture measurement and consists of two components: (1) measurement of the pavement texture by means of an optical measuring system and (2) calculation of skid resistance based on the measured texture by means of a rubber friction model. The basic assumptions and equations underlying the theoretical approach are presented. Two skid resistance-measuring devices were chosen to prove the theoretical approach: one laboratory device called Wehner/Schulze machine which corresponds to a locked-wheel braking test and another, the ViaFriction® device of ViaTech AS which measures the skid resistance under controlled longitudinal ...

The paper presents a WebGL model of Segway based laboratory device that is available to user via web browser. The user can interact with the model and simulate various initial conditions. In addition, its dynamical behavior can also be controlled using PID controller. The background of the application is driven by OpenModelica software environment.

Mandarin thinning is done by hand, increasing labor costs and raising total cropproduction costs. Mechanical thinning has been tested in peaches and other fruits. To achieve themaximum efficiency thinning has to be applied at a specific stage of vegetative development. In thisresearch study, the mechanical thinning of &lsquo, Clemenrubi&rsquo, mandarin branches during the differentfruit development stages have been assessed using a vibratory laboratory device (amplitudes 0.015and 0.030 m and frequencies 34.8 and 37.8 Hz). Branches with flower buds, flowers, small greenfruits, and medium green fruits were tested for 12 weeks, in two different seasons. It was possibleto mechanically detach flower buds, flowers, and green fruits using different combinations ofamplitudes and frequencies. Removal percentage decreased when increasing retention tractionforce, according to a logarithmic regression model. A significant increment in equatorial diameterand retention traction force was registered when the fruit setting was finishing, while mass had asimilar development with a week delay. During fruit setting (weeks 5, 6, and 7) removal percentagewas higher, while the retention force was very low. The first weeks just after the natural thinningcould be considered the adequate time for a mechanical thinning operation.

INTRODUÇÃO: Métodos clínicos e laboratoriais estão sendo cada vez mais desenvolvidos para avaliar os diferentes aspectos do equilíbrio postural e estabelecer parâmetros para identificação de idosos com maior risco de quedas. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a correlação entre três testes utilizados para avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo analítico transversal realizado com 49 idosos comunitários, hígidos, com diferentes níveis de condicionamento físico. Foram utilizados dois testes clínicos, o Timed Up and Go (TUG) e o QuickScreen Clinical Fall Risck Assessment (QuickScreen), e um laboratorial, o Biodex Balance System - Modo Fall Risck (BBS-FR). A correlação dos dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se correlação positiva e moderada entre o QuickScreen e o BBS-FR (r = 0,35; p = 0,01) e entre o QuickScreen e o TUG (r = 0,32; p = 0,02). Não houve correlação significativa entre o BBS-FR e o TUG (r = 0,10; p = 0,47). CONCLUSÃO: Os testes analisados são complementares, tendo em vista que não se correlacionaram fortemente e mostraram-se com particularidades e limitações distintas. Entretanto, sugerimos a utilização do instrumento QuickScreen no ambiente clínico, já que este foi o que melhor se correlacionou com o dispositivo laboratorial, o BBS-FR, e o que mais identificou idosos ativos com risco de quedas. Dessa forma, o QuickScreen avaliou o risco de quedas de forma mais ampla, uma vez que engloba questões não abordadas pelos dois outros testes estudados. INTRODUCTION: Clinical and laboratory methods are increasingly being developed to assess different aspects of body balance and establish parameters for identification of elderly at risk of falls. Objectives: To analyze the correlation between the three tests used to assess the risk of falls in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a crosssectional study, conducted with 49 community-dwelling elderly, healthy controls, with different levels of fitness. We used two clinical tests, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and QuickScreen clinical assessment fall risk (QuickScreen), and one laboratory, the Biodex Balance System -Mode Fall Risk (BBS-FR). The correlation of the data was performed by using the Spearmam's rank correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.5). RESULTS: There were moderate positive correlations between QuickScreen and BBS-FR (r = 0.35; p = 0.01) and between QuickScreen and TUG (r = 0.32; p = 0.02). There was no significant correlation between BBS-FR and TUG (r = -0.10; p = 0.47). CONCLUSION: The analyzed tests are complementary, given that not correlated strongly and showed up with specific and distinct limitations. However, we suggest the use of the instrument QuickScreen in the clinical setting, as this was what was best correlated with the laboratory device, the BBS-FR, and identified that more active seniors at risk of falling. Thus, QuickScreen assessed the risk of falls more broadly, as encompassing issues not addressed by the other two tests studied.

The principle and the potential of an incremental bulk metal forming method is presented in the paper. It can be used for manufacturing of the specific aircraft integral panels in a form of ribbed parts with high surface/thickness ratio. A unique laboratory device has been developed to investigate the effect of process parameters on the material flow and the press load. It utilizes tooling consisting of working rolls, a die and a punch that is divided into a number of segments. The results of preliminary numerical simulations proved that the presented forming method offers significant advantages in comparison with conventional forging.

Highly viscous substances, such as feces, produce significant heat when layer deformation occurs. We describe the use of viscous heating sufficient to destroy disease-causing microorganisms and whipworms in feces. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate preliminary design and provide initial geometric specifications for a laboratory-scale unit. The laboratory device has a rotating core separated from a fixed shell wall by a defined space. Data were obtained over a range of operating conditions with simulant materials. The CFD model was validated with the experimental results. The temperature observed with the smallest spacing was 190 °C. Alternative geometries are considered for high-volume sludge processing. Potential design modifications include enhancing efficient water evaporation and recovery.

Durch experimentelle Untersuchungen in einem hierzu entwickelten Warmeleitungs- und Warmestromungslaborversuchsstand wurde eine umfangreiche Datenbasis zu grundwasserdurchstromten geothermischen Systemen geschaffen. Mithilfe von experimentellen Felduntersuchungen konnte die Ubertragbarkeit der Datenbasis auf geothermische Systeme in-situ festgestellt werden. Durch ein anhand der experimentellen Daten kalibriertes und validiertes numerisches Modell konnte die geschaffene Datenbasis mit numerischen Untersuchungen uber die experimentellen Untersuchungsgrenzen erweitert werden. Anhand der Datenbasis wurden Empfehlungen zur Berechnungsgrundlage fur die Auslegung geothermischer Systeme unter Berucksichtigung der Filtergeschwindigkeit des Grundwassers entwickelt. Die Zunahme der effektiven Warmeleitfahigkeit von Sanden in Abhangigkeit der Filtergeschwindigkeit des Grundwassers wurde erganzend zu aktuellen Empfehlungen [1] fur schwach wasserfuhrende, wasserfuhrende und stark wasserfuhrende Sande erfasst. Investigation of the heat transport mechanisms of shallow soils under groundwater flow An extensive database of groundwater influenced geothermal systems was developed by experimental investigation with a constructed conduction and convection laboratory device. The transferability of the database to geothermal systems in-situ was proofed via experimental investigation in geothermal field tests. By the means of a numerical model, which was calibrated and validated with the experimental database, an extension of the experimental investigation range was reached. With help of the database recommendations for the dimensioning of groundwater influenced geothermal systems were given. The increase of the effective thermal conductivity of sands due to groundwater flow was determined for weakly aquiferous, aquiferous and strongly aquiferous sands in addition to [1].

The designed laboratory device will solve the issue of test methods of tractor hydraulics, monitoring the lifetime of hydraulic components, and testing of various oil types. The results of experimental measurements of forces and pressures in the three-point hydraulic hitch of tractor with plough allow implementing the design and simulation of operational loads of the dynamic system of tractor three-point hitch (TPH) under laboratory conditions. Theoretical and experimental works were focused on tractors. The design of test device is based on load characteristics obtained from the operation of tractor with plough. Research was focused on the use of results obtained from operational measurements of the tractor with plough and their simulation by a hydrostatic simulator under laboratory conditions. The laboratory device will enable the TPH life tests while loading with forces in the horizontal and vertical direction so that it corresponds to a practical loading process

Experimental field tests as well as laboratory tests have been conducted. In addition to field tests, a geothermal laboratory device has been developed. With the help of this device, the heat transport processes in different geological and hydrogeological conditions can be simulated. The different types of heat transport mechanisms in geothermal systems can be characterized clearly. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the increase of the effective thermal conductivity of a line source with rising groundwater flow velocities. With the geothermal data gathered, common numerical programs are verified and optimized. Therefore, all measured data are reconsidered by numerical back analysis. Copyright , Oxford University Press.

There are a number of challenges that need to be overcome in order to stimulate more synthesis chemists to adopt continuous-flow chemical processing techniques. By way of example, the use of cryogenic consumables to cool reactions is impractical on scale or over extended reaction times. Here, a solution to the problem is described with the development of a convenient laboratory device that offers chemists the benefits of continuous flow processing using an accurate thermal energy transfer block which provides long-term reaction stability and is free from water ingress.

Physical and mathematical models of a mechanical-draft cooling tower with a new wire packing protected by a Russian Federation patent, and drip irrigation are examined. The following auxiliary parameters are determined experimentally on a prototype laboratory device: holding capacity with respect to water, heatand mass-transfer coefficients, and the porosity of the packing. A procedure and algorithm are developed, and an example is cited for an analysis, which indicates superiority of drip-type cooling towers (mass- and heat-transfer coefficients higher by 10% and almost an order, respectively.)

A cylindrical salinity selection laboratory device with a height of 1 m and a diameter of 6 m was designed and tested. The cylinder was subdivided into six chambers (Chamber #1–6) with equal size and the same shape. The center of the cylinder was Chamber #7 in the shape of a hexagon. Six openings with 40 cm in height and 1 m in width connected Chambers #1–6 with Chamber #7. A six-face pyramid-shaped obstacle was located in the center of Chamber #7. The walls (Vertical Divider C) in the center of Chamber #7 were 50 cm. In undisturbed condition, salinities in Chambers #1–6 were stable for more than 10 d. Under the condition of continuous aeration and disturbance from laboratory fish, salinities in Chambers #1–6 were steady for 1 d. The salinity of the chamber where the largest percentage of time was spent was considered the preferred salinity of the fish. The salinity preference of juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) reared in freshwater and 10‰ brackish water was tested using the device. Freshwa...

A maneuverable laboratory device, developed to evaluate the compatibility of a gamma ray detector and MRI magnetic gradients, is presented The tool was designed to characterize the sensitivity to switching gradients of the detector modules of INSERT, a clinical SPECT ring compatible with commercial MRI scanners. The time-varying magnetic fields generated with this tool can be tailored to be identical in amplitude (0-20 mT) and frequency (0.1-3 kHz) to those utilized in common MRI sequences, but can be localized with cm-resolution, in such a way that sensitive points inside the hardware under test can be revealed. The device has been utilized to identify weaknesses inside the ASIC board of the INSERT system. Thanks to its use in mapping the board, a novel layout demonstrated improved rejection of disturbances.

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a treatment method aiming at thorough, personalized eradication of skin cancers by mean of staged excision of tissues surrounding the tumor with complete (100%) histopathological examination of their margins. In many MMS laboratories, the excised tissue is divided, shaped, frozen in a cryostat with a heat extractor and positioned manually (with the block on the object disc) in an articulated cryostat chuck during cutting. However, these activities may be difficult, time-consuming and associated with the risk of imprecise tissue sectioning. Development of a laboratory device allowing for processing of large tissue specimens, with the function of mechanical, mathematically steered positioning of the tissue block surface directly to the microtome knife cutting place, eliminating the need for manual adjustment. The prototype device was designed and manufactured. Its functioning was tested on 513 histological slides produced during 212 operations of skin cancers using MMS. The depth of the first complete sections and the diameter of sections were measured. Complete sections were obtained at an average depth of 81.60 m (min. 20 m, max. 180 m, SD = 29.15), whereas the average diameter of sections was 18.11 mm (min. 4 mm, max. 42 mm, SD = 9.10). The histological processing of large specimens with mathematically based positioning of the tissue surface in relation to the cryotome knife cutting plane is precise, fast and easy. The device can be useful in those MMS centers which continue to employ manual setting of the cryostat chuck or share the cryostat with other users, which prevents fixing the chuck position (including large hospital settings). It may also be helpful in centers using a cryostat with a fixed chuck, for the correction of minimal inaccuracies of its preset position.

The objective of this work is to collaborate with EpiSolar to develop and test processes that are consistent with the goals and milestones of an NREL FPace1 (Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency) project entitled 'High-Temperature, Roll-to-Roll (RTR) CdTe Superstrate Devices Using Flexible Glass.' The primary milestone for this CRADA relates to demonstration of a 15% efficient laboratory device.

Although cryopreserved cell specimens are used throughout biomedical research, the process for thawing samples is labor-intensive and prone to error. Here we describe a small laboratory device that couples an uncapped vial of frozen cells to a conical tube containing warm cell culture media. The entire complex is loaded directly into a centrifuge; within 5min, cells are thawed and diluted out of toxic cryopreservation medium. The recovery and viability of cells are slightly reduced compared to the common (traditional) method. However, antigen-specific T-cell function is not affected. Since no technician time is required (beyond uncapping of vials), our device allows the parallel processing of as many samples as a centrifuge can hold (up to 96, in some models). Moreover, since the samples are not thawed manually in a water bath, the problems associated with technician-to-technician differences in sample handling are minimized, as is the potential for contamination. Importantly, the elimination of substantial labor involving subjective decisions standardizes this process and can reduce variability in results from cryopreserved specimens.