Search

Firms should be considered as actors that potentially mediate between social movement pressures and policy outcomes. This article shows that at the mining project level, social mobilization can generate important changes in corporate practices toward nearby communities, and that these practices can undermine the cohesion of social movement coalitions advocating for regulatory intervention or reform, thus limiting their ability to make compelling claims on the state. In this way, company interpretations of and responses to protest are an important mediating process that conditions civil society efforts to activate state institutions in their favor. This argument extends recent work on the social foundations of regulation in Latin America by including corporate actors. The article is based on a comparative case study of the Pascua Lama/Veladero mining projects in both Argentina and Chile, using both secondary sources and primary field research.

Los aportes empleados por los autores, nacen de la crítica y reflexión a partir de la pandemia ocasionada por coronavirus ha incitado en todos los ámbitos cambios radicales sin precedentes. En la educación, se observó como de manera inesperada cambió su modalidad de impartir, convergiendo a cerrar las puertas de las escuelas, colegio, universidades en todo el mundo; con la principal finalidad, soslayar la propagación del virus y mitigar su impacto. La educación se beneficia de las ventajas de la tecnología, donde ha revolucionado la forma de enseñar, así como de aprender, los agentes educativos se han visto forzados a aplicar estrategias que les permitan continuar con los eventos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de forma remota; sin embargo, dichas estrategias no son iguales a lo que un proyecto de educación a distancia formal requiere para estructurarse, hoy más que nunca necesitamos de ella para acceder a la educación en tiempos de pandemia, esto hace que tanto estudiantes como docentes busquen formas de superar las brechas digitales para así poder acceder a una educación de calidad y calidez.

This paper examines the causal effect of importing on firm productivity. We use an augmented Cobb–Douglas production function in which the static and dynamic effects of importing and exporting are estimated for formal manufacturing firms in Ecuador. We use a rich administrative data set that covers the period 2007–2018 and estimate total factor productivity (TFP) at the firm level. Our results show that both static and dynamic effects are important sources of gains from importing. We find that static and dynamic gains in productivity from importing intermediates are higher in more innovative industries than in less innovative industries, which implies an industrial heterogeneity effect. We also find that the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestic intermediates in all the industries are substitute inputs. Finally, we provide robust evidence in favour of self-selection on the entry and exit side sides of the market. Our estimation results provide support to the learning-by-importing hypothesis.

The production of recombinant proteins for health applications accounts for a large share of the biopharmaceutical market. While many drugs are produced in microbial and mammalian systems, plants gain more attention as expression platforms to produce eukaryotic proteins. In particular the GMP-compliant moss Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens) has outstanding features such as genetic amenability, reproducible bioreactor cultivation, and humanized glycosylation patterns. In this study, we selected and characterized new terminators for their effects on heterologous gene expression. The Physcomitrella genome contains 53,346 unique 3’UTRs (untranslated regions) of which 7,964 transcripts contain at least one intron. Over 91% of 3’UTRs exhibit more than one polyadenylation site, indicating the prevalence of alternative polyadenylation in Physcomitrella. Out of all 3’UTRs, 14 terminator candidates were selected and characterized via transient Dual Luciferase assays, yielding a collection of endogenous terminators performing equally high as established heterologous terminators CaMV35S, AtHSP90, and NOS. High performing candidates were selected for testing as double terminators which impact reporter levels, dependent on terminator identity and positioning. Testing of 3’UTRs among the different promoters NOS, CaMV35S, and PpActin5 showed an increase of more than 1,000-fold between promoters PpActin5 and NOS, whereas terminators increased reporter levels by less than 10-fold, demonstrating the stronger effect promoters play as compared to terminators. The number of polyadenylation sites as well as polyadenylation signals were found to be major determinants of terminator performance. Our results improve the biotechnology platform Physcomitrella and further our understanding of how terminators influence gene expression in plants in general. The supplemental files describe the selection process of terminator candidates using different datasets and selection criteria. The process is described in detail in the respective publication., {"references":["Perroud, P.-F., Haas, F. B., Hiss, M., Ullrich, K. K., Alboresi, A., Amirebrahimi, M., Barry, K., Bassi, R., Bonhomme, S., Chen, H., Coates, J. C., Fujita, T., Guyon-Debast, A., Lang, D., Lin, J., Lipzen, A., Nogué, F., Oliver, M. J., Ponce de León, I., … Rensing, S. A. (2018): The Physcomitrella patens gene atlas project: large-scale RNA-seq based expression data. Plant Journal 95, 168–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13940","Fernandez-Pozo, N., Haas, F. B., Meyberg, R., Ullrich, K. K., Hiss, M., Perroud, P.-F., Hanke, S., Kratz, V., Powell, A. F., Vesty, E. F., Daum, C. G., Zane, M., Lipzen, A., Sreedasyam, A., Grimwood, J., Coates, J. C., Barry, K., Schmutz, J., Mueller, L. A., & Rensing, S. A. (2020): PEATmoss (Physcomitrella Expression Atlas Tool): a unified gene expression atlas for the model plant Physcomitrella patens. Plant Journal 102, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14607","Hoernstein, S.N.W., Fode, B., Wiedemann, G., Lang, D., Niederkrueger, H., Berg, B., Schaaf, A., Frischmuth, T., Schlosser, A., Decker, E.L., Reski, R. (2018): Host Cell Proteome of Physcomitrella patens Harbors Proteases and Protease Inhibitors under Bioproduction Conditions. Journal of proteome research 17, 3749-3760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00423"]}

25. International Conference on Material Forming, ESAFORM, Braga, Portugal, 27 Apr 2022 - 29 Apr 2022; Key engineering materials 926, 2371-2381 (2022). doi:10.4028/p-hachrx special issue: "Achievements and Trends in Material Forming : Peer reviewed extended papers selected from the 25th International Conference on Material Forming (ESAFORM 2022) / Edited by Gabriela Vincze, Frédéric Barlat", Published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd., Baech

Towards the growing trends in lightweight, flexible, and optical advantages, thin glasses become key components in numerous applications such as consumer electronics like foldable smartphones, or automotive interiors. Nonisothermal glass molding promises a viable technology for the cost-efficient production of precision glass components. In the existing production, the quality of the glass products can only be accessed at the end of the hot forming process. Due to high rates of product failures often appeared in the precision glass molding processes, the current quality control of the produced optical products suffers low process efficiency. This work introduces an enabling approach for monitoring the product quality in real-time using thermography and machine learning. Specifically, the acquisition of the temperature fields of the glass components during the hot forming stage enabled by an infrared thermographic camera allows machine learning to predict the final shape of the molded components at the end of the forming process. Several transfer learning models have been investigated to demonstrate the proposed method. To further enhance the prediction performance, self-built convolutional neural network models were developed using different types of image data. By incorporating the time-series image data as an input to the learning models, the prediction performance was achieved. The model built in the present work demonstrates an excellent prediction accuracy where the difference between the measured and predicted shapes of the glass products can be kept at low double-digit micrometers. Such accuracy achieved by our self-developed machine learning model promisingly satisfy the quality control in serial productions of numerous precision optical glass components in automotive and consumer electronics sectors.

Music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) are typically elicited by music that listeners have heard before. However, recent evidence indicates that even music that is unfamiliar to the listener can still cue autobiographical memory. Here we examined how perceived familiarity, music-evoked affect, and developmental timing of music release (childhood, adolescence, young adulthood) were associated with evoked memories in older adults (N=75, ages 65-80) who listened to familiar and unfamiliar music in a pre-registered study. More positive music-evoked affect was related to higher MEAM likelihood for both familiar and unfamiliar music. Higher perceived familiarity was associated with the occurrence of MEAMs in response to familiar, but not unfamiliar, music. We also replicated “reminiscence bump” effects for familiar music such that participants reported more MEAMs in response to music released during their adolescence (14-18) than young adulthood (20-25); however, our results indicate that this bump may begin earlier (i.e., middle childhood). Together, our results suggest different mechanisms underlying MEAMs for familiar and unfamiliar music: music-evoked affect may facilitate MEAMs regardless of previous exposure, but perceived familiarity supports MEAMs only for familiar music.

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state is a spontaneously occurring metacognitive state that indicates that the answer to a query is almost, but not quite, at hand, i.e., that resolution is imminent. Since the time of William James, a distinctive feeling of nagging frustration has been observed to be associated with TOT states. On a more positive note, TOT states are also associated with intense goal-directed curiosity and with a strong desire to know that translates into successful mental action. The present study showed that prior to the presentation of resolving feedback to verbal queries—if the individual was in a TOT state—alpha suppression was in evidence in the EEG. This alpha suppression appears to be a marker of a spontaneously occurring, conscious, and highly motivating goal-directed internal metacognitive state. At the same time, alpha expression in the same time period was associated with the feeling of not knowing, indicating a more discursive state. Both alpha and alpha suppression were observed broadly across centro-parietal scalp electrodes and disappeared immediately upon presentation of the resolving feedback. Analyses indicated that the occurrence of alpha suppression was associated with participants’ verbal affirmations of being in a TOT state, which is also related to subsequent expression of a late positivity when feedback is provided, and to enhanced memory.

The gap between the windshield and hood provides an opening for windshield wipers to operate, but can be problematic at other times, gathering leaves and snow. Active morphing approaches provide an opportunity to create a windshield cowling that addresses this issue by covering the gap normally, and actively curling out of the way to allow wiper operation. Most existing morphing techniques lack the simultaneous force/stroke generation, cannot perform two-way actuation, or fail to rigidly hold their position against varying loads such as wind. This paper introduces a useful curling air surface based on hinged T-shaped tiles that improves upon existing morphing technologies by adding straightening actuation to out-of-plane curling with large force and deflection, while also providing rigid position holding. An upper curling bladder encloses the hinged T-shaped tiles and pulls the T-protrusions together when vacuumed, causing the surface to curl. Lower straightening bladders span the hinge lines and pull the tiles flat when inflated. Through vacuum and inflation of the two bladders, the air surface covers and uncovers the gap against the wind load, and can hold its curled position rigidly using inter-tile hard stops. To predict the air surface performance, an air surface model is aggregated from multiple instances of a unit curling model that is derived from first principles with additional phenomenological terms. The validated model enables a scalable dimensionless design space visualization for general curling applications against loads, which is applied to design a windshield cowling. The resulting design is tested with its wind retention ability and built into a full-scale prototype windshield cowling operating on a sedan. This paper provides the technology concept and supporting model and design approach to more broadly apply this useful air surface architecture to applications in automotive (air dam, adaptive seating), aerospace (morphing wing), architecture (self-assembly shelters) and other domains.

Precision calibration poses challenges to experiments probing the redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization (z~30-6). In both interferometric and global signal experiments, systematic calibration is the leading source of error. Though many aspects of calibration have been studied, the overlap between the two types of instruments has received less attention. We investigate the sky based calibration of total power measurements with a HERA dish and an EDGES style antenna to understand the role of auto-correlations in the calibration of an interferometer and the role of sky in calibrating a total power instrument. Using simulations we study various scenarios such as time variable gain, incomplete sky calibration model, and primary beam model. We find that temporal gain drifts, sky model incompleteness, and beam inaccuracies cause biases in the receiver gain amplitude and the receiver temperature estimates. In some cases, these biases mix spectral structure between beam and sky resulting in spectrally variable gain errors. Applying the calibration method to the HERA and EDGES data, we find good agreement with calibration via the more standard methods. Although instrumental gains are consistent with beam and sky errors similar in scale to those simulated, the receiver temperatures show significant deviations from expected values. While we show that it is possible to partially mitigate biases due to model inaccuracies by incorporating a time-dependent gain model in calibration, the resulting errors on calibration products are larger and more correlated. Completely addressing these biases will require more accurate sky and primary beam models., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in MNRAS main journal

The purpose of this paper is to review the existing Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma implementation models and frameworks and present a new conceptual framework designed specifically for manufact...

We correct two errors in our paper Tropical superelliptic curves published in Advances in Geometry 20 (2020), 527–551. These corrections do not change the main results of the paper.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the research activity and working experience of clinical academics, with a focus on gender and ethnicity.DesignQualitative study based on interviews and audio/written diary data.SettingUK study within clinical academia.ParticipantsPurposive sample of 82 clinical academics working in medicine and dentistry across all career stages ranging from academic clinical fellows and doctoral candidates to professors.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews (n=68) and audio diary data (n=30; including 16 participants who were also interviewed) collected over an 8-month period (January–September 2020), thematically analysed.Results20 of 30 (66.6%) audio diary contributors and 40 of 68 (58.8%) interview participants were female. Of the participants who disclosed ethnicity, 5 of 29 (17.2%) audio diary contributors and 19/66 (28.8%) interview participants identified as Black, Asian or another minority (BAME). Four major themes were identified in relation to the initial impact of COVID-19 on clinical academics: opportunities, barriers, personal characteristics and social identity, and fears and uncertainty. COVID-19 presented opportunities for new avenues of research. Barriers included access to resources to conduct research and the increasing teaching demands. One of the most prominent subthemes within ‘personal characteristics’ was that of the perceived negative impact of the pandemic on the work of female clinical academics. This was attributed to inequalities experienced in relation to childcare provision and research capacity. Participants described differential experiences based upon their gender and ethnicity, noting intersectional identities.ConclusionsWhile there have been some positives afforded to clinical academics, particularly for new avenues of research, COVID-19 has negatively impacted workload, future career intentions and mental health. BAME academics were particularly fearful due to the differential impact on health. Our study elucidates the direct and systemic discrimination that creates barriers to women’s career trajectories in clinical academia. A flexible, strategic response that supports clinical academics in resuming their training and research is required. Interventions are needed to mitigate the potential lasting impact on capacity from the pandemic, and the potential for the loss of women from this valuable workforce.

In this paper we generalize the $j$-invariant criterion for the semistable reduction type of an elliptic curve to superelliptic curves $X$ given by $y^{n}=f(x)$. We first define a set of tropical invariants for $f(x)$ using symmetrized Pl\"{u}cker coordinates and we show that these invariants determine the tree associated to $f(x)$. We then prove that this tree completely determines the reduction type of $X$ for $n$ that are not divisible by the residue characteristic. The conditions on the tropical invariants that distinguish between the different types are given by half-spaces as in the elliptic curve case. These half-spaces arise naturally as the moduli spaces of certain Newton polygon configurations. We give a procedure to write down their equations and we illustrate this by giving the half-spaces for polynomials $f(x)$ of degree $d\leq{5}$., Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures

We present an algorithm for computing the Berkovich skeleton of a superelliptic curve $y^n=f(x)$ over a valued field. After defining superelliptic weighted metric graphs, we show that each one is realizable by an algebraic superelliptic curve when $n$ is prime. Lastly, we study the locus of superelliptic weighted metric graphs inside the moduli space of tropical curves of genus $g$., 31 pages, 8 figures

This article asks why civil society groups appear to have been more successful in activating regulatory institutions in Chile, than in San Juan province, Argentina. The analysis underscores the central role of information flows at institutional “docking points” where activists interact with the state. Civil society organizations can strengthen bureaucratic enforcement, even in weak states, by providing information and material support to regulators. However, information provided by regulatory agencies to activists at official docking points is also essential to the mobilization and framing strategies of activists. Where institutional opportunities in regulatory bureaucracies are closed to civil society, and information about the project is limited, the ability of activists to mobilize and pressure for change can be circumscribed. The article is based on a comparative case study of the Argentine and Chilean sides of the Pascua Lama mining project, and draws on extensive fieldwork conducted with social-environmental activists and regulatory authorities in San Juan and Buenos Aries, Argentina, and the Huasco Valley and Santiago, Chile.

This article examines policy options that are co-produced by both states and firms, with the purpose of regulating an area of public policy and the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by companies. The contributions of this article are twofold. First, it creates a typology of the co-production of corporate social responsibility, adding “delegated,” “brokered,” and “partnership” as intermediate categories between the natural end points of “voluntary” and “regulated.” Second, it proposes a framework for understanding why governments opt for a particular version of co-produced regulation, by focusing on the interaction between two key variables, the “net enforcement cost” and the “political salience of the demand for regulation.” The framework is tested on examples of the co-production of CSR from Argentina and Peru, where I identify pathways of change from one category of co-production to another.

Glass is one of the most important technical surfaces for numerous applications in automotive, optical, and consumer industries. In addition, by producing textured surfaces with periodic features in the micrometre range, new functions can be created. Although laser-based methods have shown to be capable to produce structured materials in a wide amount of materials, due to its transparency large bandgap dielectrics can be only processed in a controlled manner by employing high-power ultra-short pulsed lasers, thus limiting the employable laser sources. In this article, an interference-based method for the texturing of soda-lime glass using a 15 ns pulsed (1 kHz repetition rate) infrared (1053 nm) laser is proposed, which allows fabricating different periodic patterns with micrometre resolution. This method consists on irradiating a metallic absorber (stainless steel) put in direct contact with the glass sample and inducing locally an etching process on the backside of the glass. Then, the produced plasma at the interference maxima positions leads to the local fabrication of well-defined periodic line-like and dot-like surface patterns. The produced patterns are characterised using white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy.

Using firm-level data for five countries in Latin America we find a negative and statistically significant link between social conflict in rural areas and ownership of mines. This result suggests that the social conflict around mining projects can affect strategic firm behavior intended to diversify risk in the face of social, political and financial pressures. It constitutes evidence that the costs of social conflict can be considered a serious challenge for firms and diverges from the literature which has generally viewed these costs as relatively unimportant to investment decisions. We apply broad sensitivity tests and find that this is robust. Our results also hold to a formal test of changes in specification.

The key challenge in the observation of the redshifted 21-cm signal from cosmic reionization is its separation from the much brighter foreground emission. Such separation relies on the different spectral properties of the two components, although, in real life, the foreground intrinsic spectrum is often corrupted by the instrumental response, inducing systematic effects that can further jeopardize the measurement of the 21-cm signal. In this paper, we use Gaussian Process Regression to model both foreground emission and instrumental systematics in $\sim 2$ hours of data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array. We find that a simple co-variance model with three components matches the data well, giving a residual power spectrum with white noise properties. These consist of an "intrinsic" and instrumentally corrupted component with a coherence-scale of 20 MHz and 2.4 MHz respectively (dominating the line of sight power spectrum over scales $k_{\parallel} \le 0.2$ h cMpc$^{-1}$) and a baseline dependent periodic signal with a period of $\sim 1$ MHz (dominating over $k_{\parallel} \sim 0.4 - 0.8$h cMpc$^{-1}$) which should be distinguishable from the 21-cm EoR signal whose typical coherence-scales is $\sim 0.8$ MHz., 15 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, Accepted to MNRAS

This thesis examines the consequences of the presentation of a deviant group member for the image of the group. Previous research suggests that the derogation of a deviant ingroup member might be functional in its protection of the image of the ingroup. Although there is considerable circumstantial support for this notion, to date, there is no direct empirical evidence of a link between deviant derogation and the maintenance of the image of the group. The thesis aims to fill this gap by examining the consequences of an encounter with a deviant and clearly negative group member for both the representation and composition of the group. Study 1 examines the consequences of the presentation of a deviant for the image of the ingroup as a function of ingroup identification. Study 2 examines how a deviant ingroup or outgroup member might differentially affect judgements of the ingroup and outgroup as a function of ingroup identification. Study 3 examines judgements of deviants in low and high status groups as a function of ingroup identification. Study 4 examines the consequences of a deviant for the image of the ingroup as a function of group status and ingroup identification. Studies 5 and 6 examine the consequences of a deviant ingroup member for perceived ingroup variability as a function of ingroup identification. Study 7 examines how a deviant ingroup or outgroup member might differentially affect perceived ingroup and outgroup variability as a function of ingroup identification. Study 8 examines the consequences of a deviant ingroup member for self-stereotyping and ingroup identification as a function of the initial level of ingroup identification. Taken together, the results support the proposal that reactions to deviant group member might serve an identity maintenance function. The thesis concludes with a summary of the findings, a discussion of the limitations of the research and suggestions for future research.

We often think of architecture as distinct buildings, yet as we move through the city we continuously pass through a built environment that is a collage of buildings. These spaces between buildings are underestimated as influences on our experience of everyday life in the city. Considering architecture as linked existential experiences through spaces rather than confined to individual buildings is more in line with our experience of the city as a series of interconnected spaces and places. Rather than describing a single, static architecture through words, how can we express this linked experience of spaces dynamically through narratives? Can writing reveal subtle experiences of interconnected atmospheres within the city? If so, how could this understanding inform the way architects consider the relationship between built-forms and the greater urban context? This thesis investigates and interprets the atmospheres of pathways and in-between spaces to understand their influence on the experience of moving through the city. Although in-between spaces are where much of the human experience of the city occurs, they are rarely discussed and, in many ways, this keeps them out of the realm of design consideration. Atmospheres (discussed by Peter Zumthor, Juhani Pallasmaa and Alberto Pérez-Gómez) arise from our multi-sensory perception of space. The thesis investigates the literature surrounding the phenomenological study and design of atmospheres as well as the connection between atmospheres and narratives—how they develop and are essential in creating meaningful spaces for embodied-experience. Assuming the identity of the flâneur—city-wanderer, documentarian, and observer—as an entry point into investigating the city through movement, the project aims at documenting and rendering atmospheres in the city through photography and writing. Through the intersection of architecture, atmosphere and narrative, the thesis presents a multi-media study of atmospheres of in-between spaces in Montreal focusing on writing as a tool for generating new narratives that inform design. This research project develops a new methodology that reorients design-thinking towards a sequence of experiences through atmospheres in the city. Ultimately, this research sets the conditions, methodology and context for the architectural intervention of attuned public spaces for events along an extension of Parc linéaire du Réseau-Vert (the Greenline).

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254221116878 for Prediction from early childhood vocabulary to academic achievement at the end of compulsory schooling in Denmark by Philip S. Dale, Alexander Paul, Michael Rosholm and Dorthe Bleses in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Los desafíos globales que enfrentamos son la creciente escasez y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, en un momento de creciente demanda de alimentos, bienes y servicios; la agricultura, incluidos los cultivos, la ganadería, la silvicultura, la pesca y la acuicultura, están creciendo rápidamente. Ecuador tiene uno de los índices de biodiversidad por metro cuadrado más altos del planeta, la ganadería y la agricultura no son ajenas a esta clasificación. La agricultura industrial moderna, que se caracteriza por el modelo de biotecnología, debe estar expuesta a la agricultura sostenible. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar cómo influye la ética dentro del ámbito de la agricultura para ofrecer cuidado del medio ambiente en el Ecuador, así como lograr la sostenibilidad de la vida en el planeta. Este proyecto se basa en una metodología cualitativa explicativa con uso de la revisión bibliográfica de distintas revistas científicas mediante la evaluación y búsqueda de la información. Al analizar los resultados se puede apreciar que el comercio a nivel internacional tiene muy bajos controles y certificaciones poniendo en riesgo la producción ecológica a fin de generar bajos costes de producción al hacer uso excesivo de tierra, el agua y los recursos genéticos nos pone en peligro no solo a Ecuador, si no al mundo en general. Finalmente se concluye que la ética vinculada con la agricultura fortalece una medida de cuidado a largo plazo del planeta en el cual habitamos, al cuidar del mismo, también cuidamos a los habitantes.

Landing page with information about the Reanalysis Project Psychology

In this paper, we express the reduction types of Picard curves in terms of tropical invariants associated to binary quintics. These invariants are connected to Picard modular forms using recent work by Cl{\'e}ry and van der Geer. We furthermore give a general framework for tropical invariants associated to group actions on arbitrary varieties. The previous problem fits in this general framework by mapping the space of binary forms to symmetrized versions of the Deligne--Mumford compactification $\bar{M}_{0,n}$. We conjecture that the techniques introduced here can be used to find tropical invariants for binary forms of any degree.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is one of the systematic challenges preventing 21cm interferometric instruments from detecting the Epoch of Reionization. To mitigate the effects of RFI on data analysis pipelines, numerous inpaint techniques have been developed to restore RFI corrupted data. We examine the qualitative and quantitative errors introduced into the visibilities and power spectrum due to inpainting. We perform our analysis on simulated data as well as real data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Phase 1 upper limits. We also introduce a convolutional neural network that capable of inpainting RFI corrupted data in interferometric instruments. We train our network on simulated data and show that our network is capable at inpainting real data without requiring to be retrained. We find that techniques that incorporate high wavenumbers in delay space in their modeling are best suited for inpainting over narrowband RFI. We also show that with our fiducial parameters Discrete Prolate Spheroidal Sequences (DPSS) and CLEAN provide the best performance for intermittent ``narrowband'' RFI while Gaussian Progress Regression (GPR) and Least Squares Spectral Analysis (LSSA) provide the best performance for larger RFI gaps. However we caution that these qualitative conclusions are sensitive to the chosen hyperparameters of each inpainting technique. We find these results to be consistent in both simulated and real visibilities. We show that all inpainting techniques reliably reproduce foreground dominated modes in the power spectrum. Since the inpainting techniques should not be capable of reproducing noise realizations, we find that the largest errors occur in the noise dominated delay modes. We show that in the future, as the noise level of the data comes down, CLEAN and DPSS are most capable of reproducing the fine frequency structure in the visibilities of HERA data., Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures

We use tropical and non-archimedean geometry to study generic root counts of families of polynomial equations. These families are given as morphisms of schemes $X\to{Y}$ that factor through a closed embedding into a relative torus over a parameter space $Y$. We prove a generalization of Bernstein's theorem for these morphisms, showing that the root count of a single well-behaved tropical fiber spreads to an open dense subset of $Y$. We use this to express the generic root count of a wide class of square systems in terms of the matroidal degree of an explicit variety. This in particular gives tropical formulas for the birational intersection indices and volumes of Newton-Okounkov bodies defined by Kaveh and Khovanskii, and the generic root counts of the steady-state equations of chemical reaction networks. An important role in these theorems is played by the notion of tropical flatness, which allows us to infer generic properties of $X\to{Y}$ from a single tropical fiber. We show that the tropical analogue of the generic flatness theorem holds, in the sense that $X\to{{Y}}$ is tropically flat over an open dense subset of the Berkovich analytification of $Y$., Comment: 40 pages, 1 figure. The last section has been reworked into two new sections with new results: we give tropical formulas for the number of steady states in a chemical reaction network and the volumes of Newton-Okounkov bodies

El presente manuscrito es resultado de investigaciones multidisciplinarias bajo diferentes perspectivas científicas-académicas, mediante la confrontación de criterios de diferentes autores bajo un enfoque descriptivo que señala la importancia de ética en varios escenarios actuales como son en la discriminación de la mujer en ambiente laboral, el manejo de los individuos dentro de las organizaciones, dentro de la agricultura al momento de producir y cultivar, como la ética afecta al clima organizacional y la gestión docente dentro del caso de estudio de una universidad, la ética y la responsabilidad social empresarial como reto de las empresas, la discriminación laboral como comportamiento poco ético en el área de recursos humanos, y por ultimo una contrastación de la ética en la publicidad de las empresas. Estos estudios se realizan desde una mirada científica y se la acerca a la realidad ecuatoriana.

We present a framework for identifying and flagging malfunctioning antennas in large radio interferometers. We outline two distinct categories of metrics designed to detect outliers along known failure modes of large arrays: cross-correlation metrics, based on all antenna pairs, and auto-correlation metrics, based solely on individual antennas. We define and motivate the statistical framework for all metrics used, and present tailored visualizations that aid us in clearly identifying new and existing systematics. We implement these techniques using data from 105 antennas in the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) as a case study. Finally, we provide a detailed algorithm for implementing these metrics as flagging tools on real data sets., Comment: 31 pages, 17 figures

Se realizó una investigación de campo por medio de encuestas dirigidas a los profesionales del derecho para un análisis de la situación social y jurídica que atraviesan los niños, niñas y adolescentes que son explotados laboralmente, situación que amerita del establecimiento de nuevas políticas públicas. Los resultados evidenciaron que aún existen estadísticas que reflejan niveles de trabajo infantil, y es que no solo representan la realidad de explotación y abusos que sufren las niñas y niños que son víctimas, sino que desentraña una crítica realidad, la posible deshumanización de la sociedad. Se concluye que se requiere de una política pública que profundice en el problema, sus causas, estado actual, así como recomendaciones a ser tomadas en cuenta por el Estado.

PurposeGenomic sequencing has become an increasingly powerful and relevant tool to be leveraged for the discovery of genetic aberrations underlying rare, Mendelian conditions. Although the computational tools incorporated into diagnostic workflows for this task are continually evolving and improving, we nevertheless sought to investigate commonalities across sequencing processing workflows to reveal consensus and standard practice tools and highlight exploratory analyses where technical and theoretical method improvements would be most impactful.MethodsWe collected details regarding the computational approaches used by a genetic testing laboratory and 11 clinical research sites in the United States participating in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network via meetings with bioinformaticians, online survey forms, and analyses of internal protocols.ResultsWe found that tools for processing genomic sequencing data can be grouped into four distinct categories. Whereas well-established practices exist for initial variant calling and quality control steps, there is substantial divergence across sites in later stages for variant prioritization and multimodal data integration, demonstrating a diversity of approaches for solving the most mysterious undiagnosed cases.ConclusionThe largest differences across diagnostic workflows suggest that advances in structural variant detection, noncoding variant interpretation, and integration of additional biomedical data may be especially promising for solving chronically undiagnosed cases.

We give an elementary proof of the fact that any elliptic curve $E$ over an algebraically closed non-archimedean field $K$ with residue characteristic $\neq{2,3}$ and with $v(j(E)), Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures. This is a pre-print of an article published in "Arnold Mathematical Journal". The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40598-019-00121-y

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the most common themes within Lean Six Sigma (LSS) relating to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within manufacturing organisations and to identify the research gaps in the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach Tranfield et al.’s (2003) systematic review methodology was utilised encompassing three stages: planning, conducting and reporting/dissemination. Findings The literature revealed that there are many areas in which LSS has been utilised with varying successes. In total, 52 journals have been reviewed and it has been concluded that although LSS is a powerful methodology, there are many gaps that exist in the literature and further research is needed to address these in the field of LSS. Research limitations/implications The papers included in the systematic review were peer-reviewed papers available in English. Due to these limitations, relevant papers may have been excluded. Moreover, the authors have excluded all conference and white papers for their inclusion in this study. Practical implications It is vital that LSS practitioners are fully aware of the benefits, limitations and impeding factors when implementing a LSS initiative. Therefore, this paper could provide valuable insights to ensuring maximum value, is obtained from LSS implementation in SMEs. Originality/value This systematic review identifies research gaps in the current literature and highlighting areas of future research which will be beneficial to many SMEs in their pursuit of value optimisation.

Soil Quality or Soil Health are terms adopted by the scientific community as a metaphor for the effects of differing land management practices on the properties and functions of soil. Many other terms and metaphors are in use that defy neat quantification: human health, for example. Our challenge is to understand the importance of using such metaphors, but without compromising the underlying scientific understanding upon which they are based. We present here an approach based on expert elicitation in the field of soil quality and management, which offers a universal way of putting numbers to the metaphor. Like humans, soils differ and so do the ways in which they become unhealthy. We structure experts’ views of the extent to which soil delivers the functions expected of it within Bayesian Belief Networks anchored by measurable properties of soil. With these networks, we deduce the value of additional data to the precision of estimates of soil quality and health and infer the likely state of soil at locations in England & Wales. We conclude that the value of soil is best scored as its fitness for purpose or its utility. Our methodology has general applicability and could be deployed elsewhere or in other disciplines.

Precise measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum are crucial for understanding the physical processes of hydrogen reionization. Currently, this probe is being pursued by low-frequency radio interferometer arrays. As these experiments come closer to making a first detection of the signal, error estimation will play an increasingly important role in setting robust measurements. Using the delay power spectrum approach, we have produced a critical examination of different ways that one can estimate error bars on the power spectrum. We do this through a synthesis of analytic work, simulations of toy models, and tests on small amounts of real data. We find that, although computed independently, the different error bar methodologies are in good agreement with each other in the noise-dominated regime of the power spectrum. For our preferred methodology, the predicted probability distribution function is consistent with the empirical noise power distributions from both simulated and real data. This diagnosis is mainly in support of the forthcoming HERA upper limit, and also is expected to be more generally applicable., Comment: 35 Pages, 9 Figures, 4 Tables. Replaced with accepted ApJ version; some clarifying text added in response to referee comments with no changes to results

In glass transition regime, glass exhibits a viscoelastic property. This is a time-dependent property inherited from a nonequilibrium and non-crystalline state of materials. The property, furthermore, varies significantly with temperature. Understanding the complex time- and temperature-dependent viscoelastic material behaviors of glass is highly essential in numerous glass processing such as hot forming of glass. In conventional studies, characterization of the viscoelastic responses is prerequisite, requiring intensive experiments conducted over the entire temperature range of the glass transition. Instead, this work introduces an alternative data-driven approach using machine learning, indicating that the time- and temperature-dependent viscoelasticity in the temperature range from glass transition to softening temperatures can be predicted. Different supervised machine learning algorithms were implemented to understand the complexity of the intrinsically non-linear relationships of the existing viscoelastic data, while the most robust and reliable machine learning model was eventually determined by comparing the prediction performance of the selected learning algorithms. Furthermore, the models were developed by employing physics-informed descriptors using the Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan (MYEGA) viscosity model. We demonstrate that the physics-informed descriptors are beneficial to enhance the extrapolation capability of the predictive model for two extreme temperature ranges of glass viscosity e.g., at the softening temperature and in the vicinity of glass transition temperature, while the dimensionality of the model is reduced. The promising result of this study allows glass manufacturers to bypass the costly experimental characterization required for understanding the thermo-viscoelastic material behaviors in glass processing.

As current- and next-generation astronomical instruments come online, they will generate an unprecedented deluge of data. Analyzing these data in real time presents unique conceptual and computational challenges, and their long-term storage and archiving is scientifically essential for generating reliable, reproducible results. We present here the real-time processing (RTP) system for the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), a radio interferometer endeavoring to provide the first detection of the highly redshifted 21 cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization by an interferometer. The RTP system consists of analysis routines run on raw data shortly after they are acquired, such as calibration and detection of radio-frequency interference (RFI) events. RTP works closely with the Librarian, the HERA data storage and transfer manager which automatically ingests data and transfers copies to other clusters for post-processing analysis. Both the RTP system and the Librarian are public and open source software, which allows for them to be modified for use in other scientific collaborations. When fully constructed, HERA is projected to generate over 50 terabytes (TB) of data each night, and the RTP system enables the successful scientific analysis of these data., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, published in Astronomy and Computing