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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) plays an important role in the reuptake of filtered glucose in the proximal tubule and therefore may be an attractive target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study characterizes the pharmacological profile of TS-071 ((1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-d-glucitol hydrate), a novel SGLT2 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Inhibition of glucose uptake by TS-071 was studied in CHO-K1 cells stably expressing either human SGLT1 or SGLT2. Single oral dosing studies were performed in rats, mice and dogs to assess the abilities of TS-071 to increase urinary glucose excretion and to lower plasma glucose levels. KEY RESULTS TS-071 inhibited SGLT2 activity in a concentration-dependent manner and was a potent and highly selective inhibitor of SGLT2. Orally administered TS-071 increased urinary glucose excretion in Zucker fatty rats and beagle dogs at doses of 0.3 and 0.03 mg·kg−1 respectively. TS-071 improved glucose tolerance in Zucker fatty rats without stimulating insulin secretion and reduced hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice at a dose of 0.3 mg·kg−1. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data indicate that TS-071 is a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor that improves glucose levels in rodent models of type 1 and 2 diabetes and may be useful for the treatment for diabetes mellitus.

We have demonstrated sub-10-nm extremely thin body (ETB) InGaAs-on-insulator (InGaAs-OI) nMOSFETs on Si wafers with Al2O3 ultrathin buried oxide (UTBOX) layers fabricated by direct wafer bonding process. We have fabricated the ETB InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs with channel thicknesses of 9 and 3.5 nm. The 9-nm-thick ETB InGaAs-OI n MOSFETs with a doping concentration (ND) of 1019 cm-3 exhibit a peak electron mobility of 912 cm2/V·s and a mobility enhancement factor of 1.7 times against the Si nMOSFET at a surface carrier density (Ns) of 3 ×1012 cm-2. In addition, it has been found that, owing to Al2O3 UTBOX layers, the double-gate operation improves the cutoff properties. As a result, the highest on-current to the lowest off-current (Ion/Ioff) ratio of approximately 107 has been obtained in the 3.5-nm-thick ETB InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs. These results indicate that the high-mobility III-V nMOSFETs can be realized even in sub-10-nm-thick channels.

The J-integral tests of several kinds of polypropylene (iPP) and rubber modified PP(RPP) with different molecular weight were carried out and the fracture toughness compared with the Izod impact strength. In order to interpret the different dependence on molecular weight between the fracture toughness and the Izod strength, the new Resistance-Curve (R-Curve) resolution scheme is proposed. According to this resolution scheme, the JIC of PP corresponds to the fracture toughness of the net crack growth energy (NCG) part and the discrepancy between the JIC and Izod impact strength upon molecular weight dependence is attributed to whether the deformation energy of the craze area and the surrounding plastic region (DCP) contributes or not.

In this study, we attempted to characterize environmental nanoparticles and particle diameter distributions in the atmospheric environment neighboring a traffic route by using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The composition of the environmental nanoparticles was analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). It was observed that the environmental nanoparticles showed peaks at 20 nm and 100 nm. The secondary ions C + , O + , Si + , and SiH 3 + were strongly detected in the environmental nanoparticles with a peak at 20 nm. On the other hand, the secondary ions NH 4 + , Na + , K + , and Ca + were detected in the environmental nanoparticles with a peak at 100 nm. Moreover, it was found that the secondary ion spectral patterns of the organic compounds were different for each particle diameter. Hence, we concluded that the combination of the SMPS with TOF-SIMS is a powerful technique to characterize environmental nanoparticles.

A 4-Mb field memory with a 100-MHz serial access rate has been developed. A new architecture that significantly improves serial I/O operation speed, reduces layout area, and offers simple control is proposed. To accomplish this task, a new architectural data shifter and high-speed redundancy circuit have been developed. The field memory has a 568-line*960 pixel*8-b (4,362,240 b) memory cell array designed for high-definition television (HDTV) screens. A 1.0 mu m CMOS process technology is used to produce a die size of 12.94 mm*25.9 mm. The write-read cycle time is 9 ns, the access time is 8 ns, and the active current is 170 mA at a 50-MHz cycle rate with a standby current of about 3 mA. >

The DnaD protein in Gram-positive bacteria is thought to be essential for the initiation step in DNA replication. In the present study, we characterized two Staphylococcus aureus mutants whose temperature-sensitive growth phenotype could be complemented by a plasmid carrying the dnaD gene. These mutants each had a single amino acid substitution in the DnaD protein and showed decreased DNA synthesis at restrictive temperature. Analyses of the origin to terminus ratio by Southern blotting, and of origin numbers per cell by flow cytometry, revealed that, at the restrictive temperature, one mutant continued ongoing DNA replication but failed to initiate DNA replication. The other mutant, in contrast, could not complete ongoing DNA replication and proceeded to degrade the chromosome. However, if protein synthesis was inhibited, the second mutant could complete DNA replication. These results suggest that DnaD protein is necessary not only for the initiation step, but also to avoid replication fork blockage. Moreover, both mutants were sensitive to mitomycin C, a drug that induces DNA damage, suggesting that the DnaD protein is also involved in DNA repair.

An automated white uniformity inspection system for high-resolution color CRTs (cathode ray tubes) was developed. White uniformity is the general evaluation of whiteness on CRT screens and is especially important for CRTs used in computer display terminals. A color television camera was used to obtain color data on a CRT screen at high speed. Perceptual color differences on chrominance signal color space are discussed. An algorithm for white uniformity inspection is presented using the chrominance signals. Color contrast between a defect region and the background, hue, area, and edge strength of the defect was used for the evaluation. The validity of the algorithm has been verified by experimental results. >

This paper describes Nissan's Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV), which has been developed in the course of the company's involvement in the ASV Project of Japan's Ministry of Transport. While the ASV incorporates a total of twelve advanced safety systems, space limitations preclude a detailed explanation of each one. An overview is given of the individual systems, and several technologies that are distinctive features of the ASV are discussed in detail.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia. Its clinical features vary greatly in different generations of the same family. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and distribution volume (Vd) in the pons, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex were measured in 12 patients with MJD by autoradiography (ARG) and the table look-up (TLU) method of iodine-123 IMP (123I-IMP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Representative cases were as follows: A 46-year-old woman first experienced gait ataxia at age 38. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no atrophy in the pons or cerebellum, but rCBF measured by the 123I-IMP SPECT ARG method detected hypoperfusion in the pons, and cerebellar vermis and hemisphere. A 76-year-old woman first experienced gait ataxia at age 69. CT and MRI findings showed severe atrophy in the pons, and cerebellar vermis and hemisphere. Moreover, rCBF was decreased in the pons, whereas it was not decreased in the cerebellar vermis and hemisphere. In the pons of patients with MJD, rCBF was markedly decreased regardless of disease severity. Because this SPECT finding for the pons looked like a 'dot', we have called it the 'pontine dot sign'. In the MJD group, rCBF was significantly decreased in the pons (Student's t test, p0.01) and cerebellar vermis (p0.05). The Vd was also significantly decreased in the pons (p0.005) in comparison with that for normal subjects. Pearson's correlation analysis yielded a significant relationship between the rCBF in the pons and age at onset (r = 0.578, p0.05). There was a strong correlation between the Vd for the pons and age at onset (r = 0.59, p0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis also showed a significant relationship between the Vd in the cerebellar hemispheres and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (r = 0.644, p0.05). The pontine rCBFs in patients with early onset MJD, whose pons was not atrophic, decreased more than did those in patients with late onset MJD, whose pons was severely atrophic. This suggests that the SPECT findings are indicative of underlying neurodegenerative processes that began before the onset of clinical symptoms. Different processes seem to function in atrophy and the rCBF decrease in the pons of patients with MJD. These findings will be proved by the increase of the number of cases of MJD. Until now, there has been no report on rCBF and Vd obtained by 123I-IMP SPECT for patients with MJD identified by gene analysis. Our study shows that SPECT measurement of rCBF and Vd is useful for understanding the pathophysiology of MJD.

The conventional treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer has been surgery or radiotherapy. The indication of the treatment depends on the location of the primary tumor, tumor stage, resectability of the lesion and operability of the patient. Radiotherapy is used in a case refusing surgery, medical contraindications to surgery, extensive locoregional disease or poor general condition. The survival rate by surgery alone or radiotherapy alone is poor. Thus, single modality therapy is not a standard treatment, but combined multimodal therapy including chemotherapy is a standard approach for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies of optimization of multimodal therapies which are surgery and/or radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy are needed to improve the results in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

We reported two cases of cerebral embolism associated with atrial fibrillation. Left atrial ball thrombus without mitral stenosis was diagnosed by the transesophageal echocardiography, followed by successful removal. Left atrial ball thrombus has a risk for lethal complications, and a high incidence of systemic embolism even during anticoagulation therapy. An immediate surgical treatment is needed. The transthoracic echocardiography is not useful in diagnosis for left atrial ball thrombus. It is important to examine left atrial ball thrombus by the transesophageal echocardiography in patients with cerebral embolism associated with atrial fibrillation.

We analyzed 52 cases of advanced or recurrent cancer of the cervix treated by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IAIC) with or without radiotherapy. IAIC regimen was separated into two groups: Group I consisted of 5-FU + MMC +/- ADR (30 cases) and group II of CDDP + MMC +/- 5-FU (22 cases). The tip of the catheter was placed in the bifurcation of abdominal aorta or the bilateral internal iliac arteries (7 cases). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 71%, 87% in patients given radiotherapy, 50% in those without radiotherapy, and 100% in primary cases. The five-year survival rate was 20% in primary cases, 14% in recurrent cases, 3% in Group I and 38% in Group II (p = 0.00182) by chemotherapy regimen. Severe (more than grade III) hematological acute side effect was 48% for all cases, but recovered by interruption of drugs. In 7 cases in which the tip of the catheter was placed in internal iliac arteries, there were severe skin ulcers in 2 cases and severe pain of leg or gluteal region requiring narcotics in 2 cases. These data suggest that IAIC mainly with cisplatin with or without radiotherapy is one of the effective treatments for advanced or recurrent cervix cancer. But we should check the blood flow distribution periodically, and control the concentration of drugs.

A 22-year-old woman had been suffering from blepharoptosis and fatigabilities of both shoulders for a year. She had been administered phenytoin since age 4 to prevent febrile convulsion. On admission, she had bilateral blepharoptosis with left one being more severely affected. Her pupils and eye movement were normal. Other cranial nerve functions were normal. Her both deltoid muscles were mildly weak. A repetitive stimulation study revealed a 35% decline of the evoked responses recorded from either the orbicularis oculi or the abductor pollicis brevi muscle. Antibody activity for acetylcholine receptor was higher than normal range. Her blepharoptosis transiently disappeared after an intravenous administration of 5mg of edrophonium. She was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis. Her myasthenic signs had continued one month after phenytoin withdrawal, then an extended thymectomy was done. The thymus was histologically hypertrophic. Although a direct blocking at a neuromuscular junction by phenytoin has been reported in animal experiments, our case is not likely to be affected by this effect. Since a large population of young epileptic patients needs a long-term phenytoin therapy, detailed investigation is necessary to elucidate how frequently they manifest myasthenia gravis.

In two patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PaO2 was normalized by massive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Patient 1: A 29-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea and a PaO2 of 57.8 mmHg. After four BALs, the PaO2 was 106.4 mmHg. For ten years thereafter he has been doing well. Patient 2: A 58-year-old women presented with extertional dyspnea and a PaO2 of 64.4 mmHg. The PaO2 increased to 110.6 mmHg after four BALs. BAL required much skill, but it is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Because this condition is related to an interstitial process, these two patients need to be followed carefully.

A 62-year-old woman visited her primary physician because of high fever and vomiting. From a chest roentgenogram miliary tuberculosis was diagnosed. Anti-tuberculosis drugs were prescribed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from samples of sputum. Although she took drugs for 3 months, her symptoms did not resolve and back pain developed. A chest roentgenogram showed an egg-sized mass in the posterior part of the mediastinum. Examination of a chest CT scan showed that the mass was an aortic aneurysm. A graft replacement was done, and histologic examination of the resected specimen showed that it was a tuberculous aneurysm of the descending aorta. Her symptoms disappeared, and she recovered fully. Tuberculous aneurysms are rare: they account for only 0.3% of all aneurysms. This is only the 9th reported case of tuberculous aneurysm successfully treated with surgery in Japan. We must realize that aneurysms are life-threatening complication of miliary tuberculosis.

Daily injection of methamphetamine (MAP) increased the locomotor activity and produced the development of MAP-induced anticipatory activity on the next withdrawal day. Daily restricted feeding also causes a feeding-associated anticipatory activity rhythm. The importance of catecholaminergic neurons has been suggested in the manifestation of a feeding-associated corticosterone rhythm. In our study, we examined the role of dopaminergic neurons in the development of MAP-induced anticipatory activity. The development of MAP-induced anticipatory activity was blocked by coadministration of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists such as YM-09151-2 and sulpiride, the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and haloperidol weak D1/D2 receptor antagonist, but not by clozapine. The anticipatory activity increase was reproduced by daily injection of the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole as well as moderately by the D1 receptor agonist SKF38393. Moreover, MAP-induced anticipation was blocked by coadministration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 or sigma ligands rimcazol and NE-100. Our results suggest that activation of the dopaminergic system, especially via D2 receptors may be required for the development of MAP-associated anticipatory activity increases and that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and sigma receptor mechanisms are also involved in the development of this behavior.

A 68-year-old right-handed woman showed "apraxia of eyelid opening" during an acute phase of hemorrhagic infarction in the right middle cerebral artery distribution. She showed paradoxical contraction of the bilateral orbicularis oculi muscles both against our order to open her eyes and even against her hand-movement to help her eyes open, although she could voluntarily open her eyes. She was diagnosed as "apraxia of eyelid opening". Her eyes kept closed in most of time. Spontaneous blepharospasm and a right conjugate gaze preference were also seen. These symptoms disappeared 2 weeks after the hemorrhagic infarction. Because most of cases in previous reports as well as this patient showed "apraxia of eyelid opening" after a right cerebral involvement, we propose that this symptom may attribute to right cerebral dysfunction.

Two weeks after a flu-like illness, a 59-year-old woman developed double vision, muscle weakness and sensory discomfort in the proximal portions of her limbs. On admission, there was complete external ophthalmoplegia with bilateral ptosis. The pupils were dilated and did not react to light. Swallowing and elevation of the soft palate were also limited. There was severe muscle weakness in all limbs. Deep tendon reflexes were absent. Superficial and deep sensations were impaired in the proximal portions of the extremities. Neuro-ophthalmological examinations revealed an acquired color disorder with no scotoma and normal discs. P100 latencies of flashed visual evoked potentials were prolonged on day 41, and returned to normal on day 87. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection was confirmed by isolation of the virus from her sputum and the detection of anti-HSV-1 antibody in the acute phase serum.

A patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was treated with an intraventricular alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) through an Ommaya reservoir. A 17-year-old boy, who had a history of measles exposure at age 1, showed forgetfulness, difficulties in calculation, reading and writing. Two months later he developed generalized convulsions and myoclonic spasms. He was admitted to the National Saigata Hospital in May 20, 1992. On admission, anti-measles antibody titer in the CSF was 1:16 by complement-fixation method. His EEG revealed a periodic synchronous discharge. Therefore, the diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed. An Ommaya reservoir was implanted on July 7, 1992, and an intraventricular administration of INF-alpha was begun after two weeks. The dose of INF-alpha was gradually increased from 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 to 2.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice a week. Fever, vomiting and anorexia were developed when the INF-alpha injection was first started. When he received a total dose of 8.0 x 10(6) IU, he became bed ridden for remarkable lethargy. The lethargy was continued for about 10 days despite the therapy was interrupted, and then he gradually became alert. The frequency of myoclonus became more frequent and mentality got worse, so the treatment with INF-alpha was tried again in decreasing the dose to 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice a week. However, be became drowsy again after he received a total of 7.5 x 10(6) IU. With intramuscular or intravenous administrations of the high doses of INF-alpha (or = 1.0 x 10(7) IU), significant neurological abnormalities were reported to occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A case of familial juvenile parkinsonism with dementia, orthostatic hypotension, neurogenic bladder and constipation was reported. He had been in a good health until the age of 28 when a finger tremor occurred on effort to hold hands in a definite position, and disturbances in gait and speech were noted. These symptoms were relieved by levodopa treatment followed by dyskinesia and motor fluctuations. Three years later, he complained of faintness, constipation and urinary frequency. The neurological examination revealed mentally sound male with masked face, tremor and rigidity in his extremities, and short step gait with lateropulsion. Urodynamic study showed uninhibited bladder. In the following years, orthostatic hypotension, dysuria and urinary retention developed gradually. He became mentally loose and was unable to take medicines appropriately. When in the Nishiojiya Byoin National Sanatorium, he tried to snake out the hospital many times. His parents and a brother suffered from Parkinson's disease and juvenile parkinsonism, respectively, suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. On admission to our hospital, he was apathetic. He had masked face, bilateral postural tremor, frozen gait and dyskinesia in the right lower extremity. Little bradykinesia or rigidity was noted. His muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes were decreased but neither muscular wasting, weakness, ataxia nor sensory disturbance was observed. Laboratory data including ceruloplasmin, copper, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and lysosomal enzyme activities were normal except for mild anemia. A cranial CT scan revealed mild cortical atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes, but nerve conduction study and cortical evoked potentials showed no abnormality. While in the hospital, his mental functions deteriorated to the state of dementia and orthostatic hypotension became apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Two patients with Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome in a family were characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance, congenital cataract, cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, short stature and variable skeletal abnormalities. Muscle biopsy specimens showed replacement of muscle fibers by fat and fibrous tissue, a marked variation of fiber size and a rimmed vacuole formation. Nerve biopsy specimens showed a reduced number of myelinated nerve fibers in the sural nerves. Muscle CT revealed atrophy of the quadriceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Accordingly, extensor muscles in the thighs were more preferentially involved than flexor muscles in the legs.

The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the survival rate and hemopoiesis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were examined. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) C3H mice and germ-free C3H mice, kept in an isolator for germ-free animals, received 10 Gy of total body irradiation (TBI) and all the mice died by day 9 after TBI. These survival rates were improved by BMT. In the case of SPF mice, survival rates at 14 and 100 days were 33% (12/36), 17% (6/36) and in the case of germ-free mice they were 79% (15/19), 74% (14/19) respectively. When SPF mice received rhG-CSF (30 micrograms/kg/day) subcutaneously for 14 consecutive days following BMT, their survival rates were improved to 79% (30/38), 79% (30/38) respectively. The survival rate of rhG-CSF treated SPF mice were equal to that of germ-free mice. When the effect of rhG-CSF treatment on hemopoiesis of SPF mice after allogeneic BMT was examined various hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow and spleen increased until day 10 after, BMT, while only neutrophils increased in the peripheral blood during the period. No adverse effects of rhG-CSF were observed throughout the study period. It was suggested that in SPF mice treated with rhG-CSF after BMT, the neutrophil recovered in counts quickly and increased neutrophil prevented endogenous infections and improved the survival rate without apparent complications.

C33 Ag was originally identified by mAb inhibitory to syncytium formation induced by human T cell leukemia virus type 1. The Ag was shown to be a highly heterogeneous glycoprotein consisting of a 28-kDa protein and N-linked oligosaccharides ranging from 10 to 50 kDa. In the present study, cDNA clones were isolated from a human T cell cDNA expression library in Escherichia coli by using mAb C33. The identity of cDNA was verified by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation of transfected NIH3T3 cells with mAb. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of a 267-amino acid sequence which was a type III integral membrane protein of 29.6 kDa with four putative transmembrane domains and three putative N-glycosylation sites. The C33 gene was found to belong to a newly defined family of genes for membrane proteins, such as CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, and TAPA-1, and was identical to R2, a cDNA recently isolated because of its strong up-regulation after T cell activation. Availability of mAb for C33 Ag enabled us to define its distribution in human leukocytes. C33 Ag was expressed in CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes, and CD16+ granulocytes. Its expression was low in CD8+ T cells and mostly negative in CD16+ NK cells. PHA stimulation enhanced the expression of C33 Ag in CD4+ T cells by about 5-fold and in CD8+ T cells by about 20-fold. PHA stimulation also induced the dramatic size changes in the N-linked sugars previously shown to accompany human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced transformation of CD4+ T cells.

A 75-year-old man was admitted because of chest pain and gait disturbance. He noticed pain in the left anterior chest regardless of exercise 3 months prior to admission. Two months later, the chest became smart with motion, followed by sensory disturbance of the lower extremities. On admission, he was anemic. His lower extremities showed exaggerated deep tendon reflexes with positive Babinski signs and an impairment of superficial and deep sense with sensory ataxia. Muscular weakness, muscular wasting, or urinary disturbance was not found. An X-ray film of his thoracic spine disclosed compression fracture and protein content of his cerebrospinal fluid was increased. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the ill spines revealed fusion of the bodies of the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae with a low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and a partially high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The intervertebral disc was destroyed. Although histological or bacteriological confirmation was absent, characteristic MRI findings were compatible with spinal osteomyelitis. After antibacterial chemotherapy, his clinical symptoms improved and he came to be able to walk again.

Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) is a degenerative disease involving dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, globus pallidus, the posterior columns and spinocerebellar tracts of the spinal cord, and skeletal muscles. Abnormal mitochondria were observed in the cells of the cerebellar cortex and of the dentate nuclei. The main symptoms of this disease include cerebellar ataxia and myoclonus in addition to muscular wasting. Patients with MELAS occasionally have myoclonus, but they never have myoclonus as their initial symptoms. Most of the patients with both clinical features of MERRF and MELAS were regarded as belonging to the category of MELAS.

The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the survival rate and hemopoiesis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was examined. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) C3H mice, kept in a flexible isolator for germ-free animals, received 10Gy of total body irradiation (TBI), and an allogeneic BMT 24 hours later. The 14 day survival rate was 33%. When the mice were received rhG-CSF (30 micrograms/kg/day subcutaneously) daily for 2 weeks following BMT, the 14 day survival rate rose to 79%. The effect of rhG-CSF treatment on hemopoiesis in BMT mice resulted in higher neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood by day 14 post-BMT. Administration of rhG-CSF after allogeneic BMT benefited survival rate and neutrophil recovery without any apparent complications.

An architecture that improves serial I/O operation speed, reduces layout area, and permits simple control is presented. The architecture features a high-speed, simple configuration, an easy controllable data shifter, and an high-speed redundancy circuit. With this architecture, a 4-Mb field memory with 100-MHz serial access capability has been developed. The process technology used is 1.0 mm CMOS, and the die size is 12.94 mmt25.9 mm. The data register circuit area of the prototype chip was 40% smaller than that of conventional chips

Physical adsorption and two-dimensional phase change of H 2 O molecules on a hydroxylated Cr 2 O 3 surface were studied by Fourier-transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Two kinds of adsorption were confirmed spectroscopically: (1) adsorption of H 2 O molecules on localized OH groups and (2) adsorption of H 2 O molecules on special OHs, leading to two-dimensional condensation at the critical temperature for which chemical shifts of the two stretching modes of OH vibration were observed. A two-dimensional phase change of physisorbed H 2 O molecules was demonstrated by the fact that due to physisorbed H 2 O molecules interacting through hydrogen bonds broad bands were sharpened at the two-dimensional critical temperature as well as due to OHs working as adsorption sites. There are large proportions of OHs on the Cr 2 O 3 surface other than the above two types, which were found inactive for H 2 O adsorption.

Summary The structural polypeptides of the murine coronavirus DVIM (diarrhoea virus of infant mice) have been analysed in comparison with other strains MHV-2, MHV-3, MHV-4 (JHM) and MHV-S by SDS-PAGE. In the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, three major glycopolypeptides, gp180, gp69, gp25 (as a group of similar species) and one major non-glycosylated polypeptide p58 were detected. The gp69 is a DVIM specific glycopolypeptide, in which the glycosidic moieties are linked to the core polypeptide through N-glycosidic bonds, and hence may be correlated with the short projections of the viral envelope. Further gp140, which appears in the absence of reducing agents, is apparently a dimer of gp69 held together by disulfide linkages. The gp25 family, on the other hand, consists of four polypeptides, two of which are not metabolically inhibited by tunicamycin suggesting that they are O-linked glycopolypeptides. DVIM seems to be serologically closely related to the MHV-S strain as shown by neutralization.

A first complementary GaAs semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) FET inverter has been fabricated by constructing n-channel and p-channel GaAs SIS FET's on a single LEC GaAs substrate using MBE selective crystal regrowth technique. The fabricated inverter shows an inverter operation as a really low-power complementary inverter.

Between 1976 and 1984, 99 patients were treated with radical external irradiation (RT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck excluding the glottis and paranasal cavity. Twenty-six out of 55 patients (47%) on chemotherapy (CT) were treated by split-course (split) RT, mainly because of acute mucositis. Only 8 out of 44 patients (18%) not on CT were treated by split RT. Although the group given split RT alone rested for 14 days and received 35 Gy, the split RT + CT group rested for 16 days and received a lower dose (30.5 Gy). The mean total doses for each treatment modality were 64 Gy in the continuous course (contin.) of RT alone, 63 Gy in contin. RT + CT, 67 Gy in split RT, and 62 Gy in split RT + CT. The observed/predicted (by a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) control ratios of primary lesions at 2 yrs were 61/80 (0.76), 72/83 (0.87), 75/73 (1.03), and 69/71 (0.97), respectively. Among patients with a predicted rate of over 80%, the observed rates were almost identical (72%, 74%, 4/4, and 75%, respectively). However, for patients with predicted rates of 50-80%, the observed rate was 71% (12/17) in the group given combined therapy against 50% (5/10) in RT alone group. Among patients with predicted rates under 50%, the observed rate was 57% (4/7) in split RT + CR and only 25% (1/4) in contin. RT; there were no cases in contin. RT + CT. Split RT + CT is considered to be favorable for patients with poor prognostic factors.