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Vehicle logo detection (VLD) is a special and significant topic in object detection for vehicle identification system applications. Nevertheless, the range of the research and analysis for VLD are seriously narrow in the real complex scenes, although it's a critical role in the object detection of small sizes. In this paper, we make further analysis work toward vehicle logo recognition and detection in real-world situations. To begin with, we propose a new multi-class VLD dataset, called VLD-45 (Vehicle Logo Dataset), which contains 45000 images and 50359 objects from 45 categories respectively. Our new dataset provides several research challenges involve in small sizes object, shape deformation, low contrast and so on. Meanwhile, we use 6 existing classifiers and 6 detectors to evaluate our dataset and show the baseline performance. According to the result, our dataset has very significant research value for the task of small-scale object detection. The dataset source: https://github.com/YangShuoys/VLD-45-B-DATASET-Detection

Las identidades visuales evolucionan para adaptarse a nuevos formatos y soportes tecnológicos. Sus formas de comunicar han evolucionado, abandonando las estructuras estables e invariables del se-gundo milenio para convertirse en herramientas versátiles y expresivas. Las marcas se hacen dinámi-cas y flexibles, vectoriales y adaptativas. Los logos se convierten en manifestación de los cambios de patrones y de los medios comunicativos, respondiendo a las exigencias de expresar diversidad. Las instituciones culturales encuentran en esta tendencia la respuesta a sus requisitos de comunicar sus variados contenidos a través de dispositivos móviles y de proponer de forma virtual su identidad visual de marca sin perder atractivo. Los espacios museísticos son proclives a esta tipología de la identidad visual corporativa (IVC), capaz de abarcar los cambios de estructura y de temas que estos ofrecen por naturaleza. Desde hace décadas los museos han ido adoptando masivamente logos líquidos, marcas visuales flexibles y adaptativas. Las crecientes exigencias de expresividad y de comunicación multipla-taforma se conjugan, gracias a estas estructuras metamórficas, con sus propias ambiciones de juego y diversión visual. El estudio se justifica debido al creciente auge de las identidades visuales dinámicas (IVCD), vinculadas a la evolución tecnológica y a la consecuente transformación de los hábitos de consumo de productos culturales; pretende además generar un mayor conocimiento de los principios en los que se rige su funcionamiento. Se comportan según reglas que les permite mantener sus inapelables características de visibilidad y originalidad que les garantizan pregnancia y consenso. Sus connotaciones acercan los públicos a procesos lúdicos propensos a la didáctica y a su involucración en las imperantes estrategias enfocadas a las narrativas transmedia. Analizamos cómo las identidades visuales de espacios museís-ticos actúan ejemplarmente en connotaciones artísticas. Se escoge entre una muestra de marcas grá-ficas de museos internacionales para ofrecer una taxonomía de su funcionamiento contemporáneo. Visual identities evolve to adapt to new formats and technological supports. Their ways of communi-cating have evolved, abandoning the stable and unchanging structures of the second millennium to become versatile and expressive tools. Marks become dynamic and flexible, vectorial and adaptive. Logos become a manifestation of changes in patterns and in communication media, responding to the demands of expressing diversity. Cultural institutions find in this trend the answer to their requirements to communicate their varied content through mobile devices and to propose their visual brand identity in a virtual way without losing attractiveness. Museum spaces are prone to this typology of corporate visual identity, capable of encompassing changes in structure and themes that they offer by their nature. For decades museums have been massively adopting liquid logos, flexible and adaptive visual brands. The growing demands for expressiveness and multiplatform communication are combined, thanks to these metamorphic structures, with their own ambitions for play and visual fun.The study is justified due to the growing rise of dynamic visual identities, linked to technological evolu-tion and the consequent transformation of consumption habits of cultural products. Greater knowledge of the principles governing its operation is required. They behave according to rules that allow them to maintain their unappealable characteristics of visibility and originality that guarantee their pregnancies and consensus. Its connotations bring audiences closer to playful processes prone to didactics and their involvement in the prevailing strategies focused on transmedia narratives. We analyze how the visual identities of museum spaces act exemplarily in artistic connotations. It is chosen from a sample of gra-phic brands from international museums to offer a taxonomy of its contemporary operation.

In this European Public Health news, health is put at the centre of society as it is impacting us from birth until death. Jakab emphasizes the importance of investing in health over the life-course, whilst McKee demonstrates that the whole society impacts health. A strong, unified health care system and seeing healthy people as the cornerstone of healthy economies is the key message in the contribution by Andriukaitis, the newly elected EU Commissioner for Health and Food Safety. Making the voice of public health visible, both nationally and internationally and facilitating a strong and unified voice is what Zeegers and Barnhoorn see as the core activities of EUPHA and the EPH Conference Foundation. # President's Column {#article-title-2} A new year is a time for both reflection and anticipation. Reflection on what has gone well, or not so well in the past year and anticipation of the challenges and opportunities we will face in the year ahead. For EUPHA, we have much to celebrate from the past year and much to look forward to in 2015. In my last column, I wrote about our conference in Glasgow, where a combination of excellent organization and outstanding content created an event that will be remembered for many years. Now we are looking forward to Milan, with a programme that promises to be every bit as imaginative and informative. One of the streams will be on communication and advocacy in public health, something that I am particularly looking forward to, given its importance in making the world a better place. We have a new President Elect, Natasha Muscat, who is already making an invaluable contribution to our work, stimulating our thinking about how we can take EUPHA to ever greater heights. We also have a new website and logo, two things among many for which we are grateful …

ABAC Journal, 43, 1, 52-68

Developing a coherent and comprehensive brand of a country is of vital importance for a destination in the contemporary global world. There seems to be a recognizable gap in the literature regarding the application of visual signs practiced in country branding. The subject of the study: The research identifies the logos of the European Union countries used in place branding. The purpose of the study is the exploration of the logo content from the senders’ perspective, i.e., the structures and organizations responsible for the country branding. There are many reasons why logos are used in place branding practice. The authors decided to focus on the logo as a form of controlled and projected message communicated via media and ICT. Cognitive gap: The research conducted so far has focused on the reception of logos by the recipients. The presented research attempts to examine the visual message contained in logos from the senders’ perspective. Research methods and data collection techniques: The content analysis method was used to study the visual identity of the countries. The authors collected logos and scrutinised them using Beyrow and Vogt as well as Mollerup’s taxonomy. The results of the study illustrate how governmental institutions, which are responsible for country branding, portray countries using visual identity on the Internet, social media, and their own media.

PurposeThe fashion industry is diverse and demands a high amount of resources and labor for its operation. It has powerful tools that can positively impact the environment and society as a whole. In this sense, it becomes necessary for fashion to adopt sustainable strategies quickly. One way would be the adoption of eco-innovations by companies in the sector. The objective of this research is to identify the main eco-innovation initiatives carried out by companies in the fashion sector and to verify what the trend is in the sector in relation to the types of eco-innovation, whether technological or non-technological in nature.Design/methodology/approachTo meet the objective, the sector’s sustainability reports are analyzed based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) initiative. The method used to treat the data is content analysis. The authors chose to use the GRI-G4 and GRI-Standards versions of the GRI structure, as they include topics relevant to its stakeholders. The analysis based on these criteria considers 18 reports prepared by four companies (Cia Hering, Grupo Malwee, Dudalina and Lojas Renner).FindingsFrom the data analysis, it was noticed that eco-innovations of technological trends prevail in Brazilian fashion, in the first place, those of process (24.56%), followed by eco-innovations of product (10.53%). The pressure exerted by internal or external stakeholders will be fueled by the current scenario of sustainable development, positively influencing the adoption of eco-innovation. This characteristic can be attributed to the fashion sector, since technological eco-innovations overlap with non-technological ones in all the years that make up the analysis.Research limitations/implicationsAs limitations of this research, it is worth mentioning the availability of GRIs in the fashion sector. Even considering it a step forward, noting that larger companies support the adoption of these reports, it is important to highlight that only four companies make up the available database (Cia Hering, Lojas Renner, Dudalina and Malwee). From the adoption of the dissemination of sustainability reports by other organizations, the base could be expanded.Practical implicationsFrom this study, practical questions emerge that can contribute to managers and companies in the Brazilian fashion sector. Initially, the focus on eco-innovations is predominantly related to the technological component, with an emphasis on process eco-innovations. In this sense, business actions seek to resolve the accusations normally attributed to the sector, such as the adoption of unsustainable practices. For example, in cotton production, firms use large amounts of pesticides and water, despite the sector being accused of not taking proper responsibility regarding sustainability related issues.Social implicationsInvestment in eco-innovations indicates a positive attitude and change resulting from pressure and the need to return the market to society’s demands for more sustainable production technologies with less environmental impact.Originality/valueThe originality of the study lies in the systematization of a GRI analysis model applied to measure eco-innovations in fashion. Through the applied methodology, it is possible to emphasize that eco-innovations of technological trend prevail in the industry, first in processes and then in product development.

Kentler çok nüfuslu, çok işlevli, tarımsal işgücünün önemli olmadığı, farklı yaşam biçimlerine sahip insan yapımı merkezi yerlerdir. Kentler küreselleşme sürecinin sahnelendiği mekânlardır. Bu süreçte yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümler kentlerde açık bir şekilde gözlenebilmektedir. Bu değişimlerin toplamı veya bir kısmı logolarla anlatılabilmektedir. Logolar farklı bilimler tarafından incelenmektedir. Pazarlama, iletişim, resim, sanat tarihi, turizm ve coğrafya logoları farklı şekilde ele almaktadır. Logolar kent kimliğinin özü veya özetidir. Onlar farkındalık oluşturan ve özgünlüğü ifade eden değişen varlıklardır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de bazı belediye logolarındaki değişim ele alınmıştır. Veriler google' den temin edilmiş, yorumlayıcı anlamaya yönelik coğrafik içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Logolardaki değişimin temel nedeni daha çok küreselleşmedir. Küreselleşme geçmişe dönmeyi veya nostalji duygusunu, tarihi değerlere sahip çıkmayı, rekabet etmeyi, markalaşmayı teşvik etmektedir. Siyasi nedenler de logoları etkilemektedir. Bu açıdan logolar siyasi erkin ideolojik öncelikleri arasındadır. Kuşkusuz logolardaki değişim nedenleri her zaman tek nedene bağlanamaz. Nostalji güdüsü, kişisel nedenler, modanın değişimi, nüfus artışı ve şehirlerin büyümesi başka nedenler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır., With different lifestyles, cities are multi-populated, multi-functional, man-made central places where agricultural workforce is not important. Also, cities are places where the globalization process is staged. The changes and transformations experienced in this process can be clearly observed in cities. The sum or some of changes can be explained by logos. Logos are studied by different sciences. Marketing, communication, painting, art history, tourism and geography treat logos differently. Logos are the essence or epitome of urban identity. There are changing beings that create awareness and express authenticity. In this study, changes in some municipal logos in Turkey were discussed. The data was sourced from google, and geographic content analysis was conducted for interpretive understanding. The main reason for the change in logos is more globalization. Globalization encourages a return to the past or a sense of nostalgia, ownership of historical values, competition, and branding. Political reasons also influence logos. In this respect, logos are among the ideological priorities of political power. Of course, the logos cannot always be linked to one reason. The motive fornostalgia, personal reasons, the change of fashion, population growth and the growth of cities appear as other reasons.

A partir do trabalho A Logo for America e de outros projetos de autoria do artista chileno Alfredo Jaar, este artigo visa refletir sobre os variados usos dos termos América e América Latina e suas múltiplas possibilidades de representação, enfatizando as conexões existentes entre divisões geopolíticas e interesses econômicos.

This research aims to explain the influences of logo shape, logo color, typography and service quality towards brand image on PT. Gojek Indonesia. There are four independent variables, those are logo shape. Logo color, typography and service quality that researcher wanted to know how much those variables influence on the image of Gojek as a dependent variable. This research used a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. The population of the research as a media. The samples in this research were 115 respondents. This research examines the hypothesis by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that typography and service quality have a positive and significant effect on brand image. Meanwhile, logo shape and logo color does not have a significant effect on brand image. Service quality as a dominant variables that influence the brand image.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the objective understanding of five front-of-pack label formats, namely the Reference Intake, Multiple Traffic Light label, Nutri-Score, health endorsement logo and warning label, among consumers in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Design: This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Setting: Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted at 12 randomly selected food retail outlets in an urban setting. Subjects: A total of 359 adult participants were included in this study. Outcome measures: Objective understanding was measured by asking participants to rank food products according to their nutritional quality, using the displayed front-of-pack label. Results: The type of front-of-pack label significantly influenced ranking ability (p < 0.00001). All the evaluative front-of-pack labels significantly improved the participants’ ability to identify healthier food products compared with the no-label control. The reductive Reference Intake, however, showed no significant impact on consumer understanding. Conclusion: Evaluative front-of-pack labels significantly improved the participants’ ability to identify healthier food products, when compared with the Reference Intake and no-label control. Future research should test the objective understanding of culturally diverse groups in South Africa, particularly among rural populations.

A record cover can be described and analyzed, to some extent independently, on three levels: as an item of packaging, a source of information and an object of artistic value. The presented order reflects the way its perception has been evolving over time. Without losing its practical function, an album cover has become the subject of aesthetic appraisal. We take a closer look at the role of a cover design in gaining brand recognition by a record company on the phonographic market. To this end, record labels can use an outstanding logo (Deutsche Grammophon), a characteristic pattern (For Tune) or a general decorative concept (Blue Note). Releasing series of records devoted to individual players/composers, musical styles or forms in uniformly designed covers is yet another way of establishing and promoting a label. Another important issue discussed here is the correspondence between music and the record covers accompanying it. Intuition would suggest some sort of affinity between the two or a record cover being a complementary addition to the musical content. In many cases, however, any such connections are hard to find. What we will see more often is a random nature of a body of music and a record cover juxtaposition.

Vehicle logo recognition (VLR) is essential in intelligent transportation systems. Although many VLR algorithms have been proposed, efficient and accurate VLR remains challenging in machine vision. Many VLR algorithms explicitly detect the coarse region of the vehicle logo either by offsetting the detected location of the license plate or by training on numerous images with manual bounding-box annotations. However, the results of license plate detection can significantly influence the VLR accuracy, whereas bounding-box annotations are considerably labor-intensive. Thus, we propose a novel category-consistent deep network learning framework for accurate VLR. A convolutional-neural-network-based vehicle logo feature extraction model is proposed to extract deep features by considering both high- and low-level features in an image. Moreover, a novel category-consistent mask learning module is proposed to help the framework to focus on category-consistent regions without relying on license plate detection or manual box annotations. The deep network is trained and optimized iteratively with the objective function incorporating classification loss and category-consistency loss. Extensive experimental evaluations and comparisons on the publicly available HFUT, XMU, CompCars, and VLD-45 datasets demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Consumption of digital content through medium like mobile phones, television set and laptop has seen dramatic increase over recent years. Possible increase behind this rise of consumption is the availability of internet across different regions and drastic rise in availability of internet bandwidth at a nominal cost. Eventually preparation of digital content to cater various user entertainment taste profile has increased. Since there is an increase in consumption of the digital content, it opens new challenges on securing this content. Visual analytics of the digital content on periodic basis is in rise to keep a check on the security of the content. Broadcast logo availability as part of digital content is unique and tracking this logo is one of the methods to distinguish between original content and pirated content. In recent years there's significant increase in research work carried out on the problems associated with object detection and classification. This implies there is a significant increase in terms of recognition performance of objects of interest. In this paper, the discussion is on different TV broadcast channel logo dataset creation, enhancing this dataset using different data augmentation techniques to extend the logo corpus. Proposed system includes TV broadcast/broadband content logo detection and classification pipeline that demonstrate the application of state-of-the-art object detection algorithm Single shot detector (SSD) for logo detection and classification on TV broadcast channel logo dataset which has undergone significant makeover for representing different logo conditions. Experimental result shows the pipeline potential to robustly recognize the logos under makeover in the context of content piracy

A logo can be considered as the main success factor of a company. It is not only the representation of a company vision but also can used to attract public attention. Hence, we develop an e-commerce application to simplify production process of the logo, i.e. by two bridging gaps between companies with logo designers and by properly maintaining reasonable pricing or production cost. We use the waterfall and the UML tools, implemented in the Codeigniter framework, for developing the application. Because both of them are still considered as the most reliable tools in the object-oriented system development. There are also several tests conducted in this work to ensure that the application can work properly according to our design purposes.

This paper focuses on assessing the appropriateness of selected logos of popular brands. The paper enunciates the relevance of logos to the public perception of brands. Logos function as signifiers, denotative, point of contact and identifiers. The visual components of logos and the suggestive meanings of shapes which are the building blocks of the pictorial contents are articulated in this study. Thirty (30) logos of popular brands were purposively selected and subjected to the analysis of Eighty (80) people constituting thirty (30) formally trained practicing graphic designers, ten (10) experienced printers and forty (40) individuals who are familiar with the selected brands. The collated data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). Findings revealed that logos are visual seals that communicate brand promises to the targeted audience, viewers recall simple logos more easily and logos crammed with colours are not appealing. The study recommended that visual contents of logos should resonate balance, application colours in logos should be limited to two and logos design should be a product of a sound brand strategy.

Understanding and appreciation of the identity of the Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya with the motto Anggung Wimbuh Linuwih, which means always growing and developing for the better, needs to be done. The strategy that can be applied is to design a superior product that has the character of Wijaya Kusuma This food product was designed with the nuances of the character of Wijaya Kusuma. The product that reviewed in this research is chocolate product. Food product design in this study used the concept of pleasurable design, which reviews product design from the aspects of functionality, usability, and pleasure. Pleasurable design was chosen with the consideration that this product design method involves customers as product users to participate in building product designs as needed and wanted. The purpose of this study was to determine the attributes of chocolate products according to market demand, as well as to design a chocolate product design with the character of Wijaya Kusuma values. Based on the research results obtained 16 product configurations based on seven product attributes (taste, sweetness level, texture, shape, packaging method, health benefits, and appearance/profile). Attributes that have a high importance value are attributes of appearance/profile and taste. Attributes of appearance/profile can directly describe the character of Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya. while the taste attribute is one of the key attributes in food products. Product design 5 (chocolate taste, slightly sweet, texture of slightly hard, rectangle shape, folded packaging method, no preservatives, and UWKS logo profile) became the selected product with a total utility value of 10.75.

Relevance and problem of the topic. Exploring the influence of brand communication on different audiences is a complex and responsible process because the same communicated message to different audiences can be understood differently. An improperly communicated message may not reach the audience, be misunderstood, or provoke a hostile reaction, however, a properly chosen communication message may have the desired influence to the audience. How to communicate with different audiences and what methods to choose are especially important in today’s rapidly changing context.The problem analyzed in this article can be defined by the following questions: How to communicate with the audience? What influences to choose from? Based on this information, it will be possible to continue research in the field of public relations management to reveal the influence of brand communication on the audience, it can help brands to gain a competitive advantage in the markets and create greater added value.Problems. It is not entirely known what impact brand communication has on audiences. It is important for brands not only to create a brand image but also to find and choose the most appropriate ways to communicate with the audience so that individuals receive the communication message sent to them in the most acceptable and understandable ways. Improper communication, inaccurately chosen methods of communication with the audience can lead to undesirable consequences. The message sent by the brand can be misunderstood and interpreted, it can lead to undesirable negative consequences and cause reputational crises, leading to significant psychological, social, financial losses. Properly selected communication can help brands gain a competitive edge in the markets and create greater added value.Objective. To review and analyze the ways of brand’s communication, which aims to influence the audiences.The object: the influence of communication in brand managementTasks: 1) To analyze the concept of the brand; 2) To analyze the concept of the audience; 3) To review the ways of brand communication influence.Methods of comparative theoretical analysis and synthesis of the literature, generalization.Brand management consists of the role of the brand and the symbolic elements of the brand (brand name, logo, text). The brand is the most durable asset of the company. Good results are achieved by companies that are able to choose a brand strategy that meets consumer expectations. Brands can also make the influence by creating compelling knowledge and news by communicating in ways that reduce cognitive stress. In order to influence other people, it is possible to do so by appealing to the feelings of the audience, realizing the main emotions - anger, fear, sadness, feeling of happiness, disgust. It is important to monitor what kind of emotions brand communication causes to the audience, pay attention to the feedback. An audience can be interpreted as everything that an individual or organization communicates. In order to present news to the audience as convincingly and persuasively as possible, it is important to segment the audience and create a description of the target user.

Halal logo is designed to protect consumers from fraud and mislabelling. However, over the years, there has been a controversy surrounding the use of a false halal logo to attract Muslim consumers to buy certain goods. The act of unethical business practice to attract consumers to buy their goods have caused some misunderstanding among consumers regarding the halal status of such goods. Therefore, the law is the most important mechanism in protecting the rights and interests of consumers to claim compensation if their rights have been violated. Under the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 1999, it puts a responsibility on suppliers and manufacturers to ensure that the goods supplied are the same as specified. However, the question arises as to the extent to which consumers have the right of redress under the CPA 1999 in the issue of supplying false halal logo goods. By using the content analysis method, this article aims to analyze the scope and provisions of the CPA 1999 that govern matters relating to the supply of goods. The discussion of this article reveals that Part VI and VII of the CPA 1999 contains several loopholes that must be addressed in order to provide better rights of redress to consumers on the issue of supplying false halal logo goods.

La creación de una marca cada día cobra más relevancia para las organizaciones, toda vez que el desdoblamiento tecnológico y sus estrategias permite que tanto bienes y servicios, bajo una impronta que los represente, se posicionen con mayor velocidad en la mente de los consumidores. Sin embargo la construcción de una marca, no se trata de esquematizar un logo o isotopo colorido, sino de exponer la esencia misma del producto con sus atributos de valor, los cuales deben representar un sinónimo de calidad. Es ahí donde aparece el Brand Management (BM), una línea de acción muy técnica de la mercadotecnia, pues aquí está en juego el manejo quizá del mejor activo de una compañía (su marca). Esta investigación toma dos variables de estudio muy importantes para las pequeñas y medianas empresas de Manabí (BM y Desarrollo Comercial), siendo su gran carencia la falta de gestores o profesionales en la rama (marketing), así como la capacitación del talento humano. Se aplicó el método inductivo completo, acompañado de algunos tipos de investigación. El objetivo planteado fue: establecer en qué medida el Brand Management impacta en el Desarrollo Comercial de las PYMES de Manabí. A través del estadístico SPSS V-25, se validaron las hipótesis, empleando el coeficiente p Rho de Spearman. Dentro de los hallazgos se pudo establecer que existe un nivel de correlación alto y muy alto, entre las variables y sus dimensiones, permitiendo concluir que mientras más énfasis pongan las PYMES en el BM, mayor incidencia habrá en su desarrollo comercial.

The article is the result of discussions among professional interpreters of Libras and deaf collaborators from the industrial hub of Manaus, where we identified the need for terminological material as a source of research with the names of companies in the industrial hub of Manaus. This is a descriptive field research with a qualitative approach. As a general objective, we have: build a glossary in Libras of the names of the companies that make up the industrial hub of the Manaus Free Trade Zone, together with the secondary objectives, which are: (a) To verify the existence of company signs; (b) Registering company signals; (c) Analyze the terms using terminological instruments; (d) Present glossary of signs to the deaf community. As a result, after the construction of the glossary, we found that the term signs follow a construction order with iconicity marker with the company's logo, the use of alphabet/ dactylology representations, representations of the products manufactured in the companies; in addition to phonological, morphological and syntactic constructions present in term-signs.

The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the consumer buying behaviour toward food products in Selangor. Consumer behaviours comprise four factors: cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. These factors influence consumer buying behaviour toward Malaysian local brands. Data were collected through online questionnaires using Google form. The sample of study consisted of 210 consumers in Selangor. In particular, principal components analysis (PCA) was employed in order to identify the factors that affect consumers on preferring locally produced food products. The findings of this study indicate that Halal logo was the first choice in terms of consumer’s perspective on the product attributes when buying food products followed by price. Size and quantity, and packaging are the third and fourth attributes considered by consumers when buying food products. Our result suggests that, by providing this consumer information to small scale or local sellers will encourage more consumers to purchase local food products.

The summer and winter Olympics share the five-ring logo. However, their social and political connotations differ. The Olympic Winter Games displays an aura of a game for the rich and powerful. A few aspiring nations intend to host this luxurious sporting festival in order to polish their international reputations as powerful actors in the global capitalist order. The cases of Sochi 2014, PyeongChang 2018 and Beijing 2022 illustrate this pattern. Wallerstein’s world-system theory is a useful conceptual tool to examine the context of each Olympics, the content of the Olympic ceremonies, the nature of athletic competitions, and the post-event political environment. Although the three nations have different historical backgrounds and different diplomatic aims, the winter Olympics provided the trio with an opportunity to construct an image of major global or regional power. Russian Olympic diplomacy in Sochi was impressive but its post-event aggression undercut its soft power exercise on the ice. South Korea acquired desired political outcomes by hosting the Olympic Winter Games and its peace campaign continued after the event. China has the potential to highlight its emerging world power status at Beijing 2022. Yet, increasing China scepticism in the West may impede its winter Olympic diplomacy.

The creative economy industry is currently starting to develop rapidly in some cities in Indonesia, including Kendari City. Although relatively young, the development of the creative economy in Kendari City is supported by the increasing enthusiasm of young people in this industry. Therefore, to support the interests and talents of the people of Kendari City, especially young people, this study aims to create a place in the form of a Creativity Center Building with the theme of Expressionism. This theme is considered in accordance with the existing conditions in this city which can describe the expression of building users which is reflected in the appearance and interior of the building. This research uses qualitative descriptive and quantitative methods. Based on the analysis of location and site determination, this building is planned to be built in Kadia District with a total area of ​​± 4.34 Ha. The design of the facade /in this building is taken from the form of Kalosara which is a symbol of unity and peace from the Tolaki Tribe, as well as from the logo of the Creative Economy Agency. This form is the result of a study of the theme of Expressionism Architecture. The results of the planning of this building are expected to be a reference for the government in creating a place that can support the economy, especially in the creative industry of Kendari City.

Introduction Visual attention is a crucial mechanism in health messaging and campaign persuasiveness. Little is known about how visual attention may translate into cessation-related outcomes in tobacco public education campaigns. Methods Using the eye-tracking technology, this study investigated the relationships among visual attention, cognitive and affective message responses, and cessation-related outcomes (readiness to quit, intentions to quit, and intentions to seek cessation information). Four different posters from the Every Try Counts (ETC) campaign were used as message stimuli. A total of 80 adult current smokers participated. The associations between their behavioral eye gaze patterns and self-reported message responses and cessation-related outcomes were examined. Results Half of the sample (49.4%) were male, and 46.8% were White—with ages ranging from 18 to 36 years old (M = 21.22, SD = 2.86). Roughly 41% were daily smokers, and 78% had attempted quitting in the previous year. When exposed to campaign ads, only fixation on the FDA logo showed consistent positive relationships with cognitive and affective message responses. Mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of fixation on the FDA logo on quitting and information-seeking intentions mainly through positive affective message responses. Conclusions Visual attention to the FDA logo played an important role in the effects of ETC campaign messages. Implications This study contributes new evidence on the relationship of visual attention, message responses, and ETC campaign outcomes. The current findings suggest that highlighting FDA as a campaign sponsor in the visual display may enhance the effectiveness of FDA tobacco education messages.

Miami University has used Native American imagery to promote itself since its founding. In 1929, Miami teams began using the racist term Redsk*ns. In 1996–1997, they changed the name to RedHawks. Despite the strengthening relationship between the university and the tribe, the racist mascot imagery remained visible in the university community. In 2017–2018, the university returned to Native American imagery by unveiling a new “Heritage Logo” to represent a commitment to restoring the Myaamia language and culture. In this paper, the authors used tribal critical race theory to analyze how the Heritage Logo represents a point of interest convergence, where symbols of the tribe signal acceptance and recognition of the Myaamia people, while institutional racism and the possessive investment of whiteness are left ignored and unaddressed.

Communication and dissemination activities play a vital role in creating awareness and common knowledge about the PROBONO project. This document presents an overview of the visual identity of the PROBONO project, together with the visual identity colours, typeface, logo, communication channels, and project website. These will help differentiate and recognize the project worldwide. The most important element of the project's visual identity is the website which will be the main hub for all relevant news and information. The website is intended to be easy to navigate, and the main menu contains information ‘’About’’ the project, as well as ‘’Members’’, ‘’Enablers’’, ‘’Pilots’’, ‘’Reports’’, and ‘’Contact’’ sections for now. Furthermore, the PROBONO social media channels have been integrated into the website as part of the news feed on the homepage. This functionality will keep the website updated at all times.

In the 21st century, translation studies has expanded its boundaries and paradigms so that it is now possible to use its tools and methods to research the communication of fashion at textual as wel...

Based on the changes of Starbucks’s logo, this paper explores its role in the evolution of brand culture and the development of corporate culture, concluding that the change of the logo has further enhanced its brand culture without changes to its brand DNA. In addition, the change of the logo has promoted the development of the unique corporate culture of Starbucks.

From the lens of conspicuous consumption, this research examines the interactive effect of brand logo size and political ideology on consumers’ intentions toward fashion products. Specifically, in ...

This article examines the origin of the “Prancing Horse” symbol and its role in helping the racing team Ferrari survive under the fascist regime in Italy. Enzo Ferrari, the company’s founder, adopted the coat of arms of Francesco Baracca, the most renowned Italian military aviator during World War I, as the logo of his new racing team. By repurposing it from military aviation to motorsport, he benefitted from powerful cultural associations and strong political and cultural endorsement of Baracca’s persona. Drawing from scholarship on cultural branding and consumer culture, this study shows how new companies can establish powerful business icons by borrowing symbols connected to populist worlds and national ideologies, and transferring them to various industries. Strategic repurposing thus emerges as a distinct process within cultural branding to obtain institutional support and establish powerful brand identities in challenging contexts.

This study aims to determine the effect of the effectiveness of promotion through instagram and product innovation on purchasing decisions for Gembul Banana products. The study was conducted because the results of several previous researchers found that product innovation and promotion are key factors in influencing purchasing decisions. The tight business competition that comes from businesses for similar products or substitute products, requires a business to always move faster and creatively to come up with new ideas in order to attract the attention of consumers. The method used in this research is descriptive explanatory method. Analysis of the data used using multiple linear regression analysis model. The population in this study were all buyers of Gembul Banana products by taking a sample of 101 respondents, and taking the sample using accidental sampling technique. The results showed that the effectiveness of promotion through instagram and product innovation had a positive effect on purchasing decisions for Gembul Banana products. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to Gembul Banana business owners to be more serious in managing Gembul Banana social media, especially in posting photos, endeavor to post photos that are interesting and in accordance with consumer desires, not just photos and uploads on social media. In addition, it is also recommended that the logo of the company should be included on the packaging, not only in the form of a yellow box that is identical to a banana, but a logo must be included so that consumers can remember the product.

El desarrollo de esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de analizar la gestión de marca de CENAC Spanish School, en la ciudad de Estelí, 2020. Metodológicamente se abordó desde la perspectiva de un enfoque cualitativo mixto; analiza y vincula datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en un mismo estudio, según la temporalidad, este es de corte transversal, debido a su alcance es exploratorio, y el tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico. Los resultados indican que, la conciencia de marca de la institución es baja, debido a las derivaciones de datos recolectados, permitiendo argumentar que la falta de publicidad es el principal factor que ha ocasionado que la mayoría de los usuarios no recuerden y/o identifiquen el logo de CENAC fácilmente, sumando su poco atractivo. En relación a la lealtad de marca, la mayoría de los usuarios han quedado satisfechos con el servicio recibido, los resultados y beneficios percibidos son positivos, por ello se puede decir que se ha generado una relación cliente-empresa, existiendo un grado de lealtad de marca intermedio, identificándose como principales asociaciones de marca: servicio personalizado y calidad del servicio, mostrando que el servicio brindado está bien organizado, adaptándose a las especificaciones de los clientes.

The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of visual symbolism in the creation of a company image using a logo in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Research Methodology. The historical, historical-comparative, analytical methods were used to conduct the research; art history methods — formal, figurative-stylistic, semantic analysis — were used to identify the figurative and symbolic language of the company’s logos late 19th – early 20th centuries. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the works of foreign and national scientists of the 20th century, the symbol and mark are characterised as means of expressing the phenomenon essence, and the existing classifications of symbols are considered. The logos used in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the world practice and on the Ukraine territory are analysed. The example of the Prudential Financial insurance company (the USA) shows that the use of a symbolic element remained unchanged in the process of its changes during 1860–1996. On the example of the trademarks of Ukrainian enterprises — the Ernst Mehlhose Agricultural Machinery Plant (1874–1923), the F. V. Alsop in Kharkiv enterprise, Luhansk Textile Mill (1904–2001), Kyiv Contract Fair (1797–1930) — the methods of visual identification are considered, the artistic means are determined; the comparative analysis is carried out. It is established that the image of the rock in the structure of the American company logo is a symbol of strength and security and appeals to its main characteristics. It is determined that in the means of visual identification of Ukrainian enterprises of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, there is a tendency to express clearly the company specialisation through realistic images of architectural buildings that belonged to them or produced products, as well as ordinary names with moderate artistic design.

The halal industry in Indonesia is undergoing development. This is supported by 87.17% of Indonesia's population are Muslims. One of the growing industries is the Muslim clothing industry. Modest fashion, a term for fashion trends with a more polite and closed fashion concept. One of the famous Muslim fashions is Wearing Klamby. A local fashion brand from Yogyakarta whose collections have local content. This paper aims to see how Muslim fashion branding is used by Wearing Klamby. During of competition in the Muslim fashion business, branding is an important thing as a form of differentiation with other products, Brand can give life to a product. Branding Wearing Klamby as a product that loves the country is shown with the tagline " The Beauty Indonesia in your daily wear". WearingKlamby is one of the strong fashion products in its Branding. This paper uses a qualitative method with descriptive type with analytic using 7 principles of Fashion Branding according to Bruno Hasson. The data was obtained from social media and news. The results of this paper show that Klamby uses 7 principles of Fashion Branding Bruno Hasson in forming Muslim fashionbranding Wearing Klamby including creating a logo that Stands Out, Building Myths about Brands, Creating evocative Events, using celebrity endorsers, making members as living brand, and do it your way. The existence of the brand can form brand loyalty to consumers Wearing Klamby.

PurposeDespite its growth, there has been a lack of investigation on how sport rebranding influences fans and their behaviors. This study sought to examine how a critical aspect of rebranding – logo redesign – influences fans' attitudes toward a sport brand and intent to purchase merchandise bearing the rebranded logo. More specifically, we aim to investigate the influence of varying degrees of logo change and fan identification in relation to brand attitude and purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental design, 4 (degrees of logo change) × 2 (fan identification: low, high), was utilized with the sample of 277 participants. The current logo of the Ultimate Fighting Championship was redesigned into three fictitious rebranded logos as stimuli based on different rebranding types.FindingsThe results suggest that color change and revolutionary change generate the most negative attitudes from both high- and low-identified fans, and fan identification is not a significant factor influencing fan attitudes. Regarding purchase intention, low-identified fans are not significantly influenced by logo changes whereas highly identified fans showed similar response to their attitudes.Originality/valueThe findings advance the current body of knowledge on sport rebranding and fan behavior by demonstrating the effects of varying degrees of logo redesign and fan identification levels on brand attitude and purchase intention. Moreover, the current research has important implications for sport marketers on developing effective rebranding and logo redesign strategies.

At a time of rapid professional sport team expansion in North America, this study sought to qualitatively explore the perceptions and the expectations for the most recent National Hockey League (NH...

Due to safety issues when passengers get on and off the subway and spend a lot of time on the subway, this makes subway station signs very important. Moreover, in case of fire and other dangerous situations and emergency evacuation, the guiding signs must be able to guide passengers to leave the station and dangerous areas efficiently and orderly, so as to protect the personal and property safety of passengers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the decision response of subway evacuation signs using the characteristics of the brain components. In this study, subway model is constructed. When you perform simulation using software, you need to fine tune the parameters to get the best simulation effect. A questionnaire survey was made on the components of the subway sign. The results show that the number of people who think that the standard font of the blackboard logo is the most representative of the emergency exit, accounting for 78.2% of the total number of people, taking the image as the first choice accounted for 52.9% of the total number of people, and the green sulfur powder logo as the first choice accounted for 69.8% of the total number. This study makes an important contribution to the research of subway traffic safety problems.

Souvenirs are an essential artifact in tourism because tourists want to keep a memory of the places they visit. Despite the enormous variation in souvenirs, there are no decent souvenirs for agro-tourism in Indonesia. Agro-tourism allows tourists to experience the natural beauty of landscapes and to be exposed to farming products, making the agricultural products the souvenirs themselves. Some Indonesian agro-tourism provides undifferentiated souvenirs like keychains or T-shirts that exhibit the place’s logo, which we perceive as an opportunity to develop a novel design of souvenir. Our previous study about augmented reality products in agro-tourism delivered good outcomes but needs further research. This article explored the potential of developing agro-tourism souvenirs with technology to engage tourist enthusiasm with augmented reality. The researchers conducted literature studies, interviews and product testings to answer the main research question: “What is the tourist attitude towards augmented reality souvenirs in Indonesian agro-tourism?”. The findings during the prototype trial indicated that augmented reality souvenirs could escalate tourism experiences. However, we found there was a problem in human-computer interaction: some of the target audience’s tools cannot support the technology. Although the immersive sensation from augmented reality souvenirs potentially enhances the tourist experience, future studies about the effectiveness of its more extended implementation are necessary. Keywords: augmented reality souvenir, agro-tourism, souvenir, digital souvenir

This article engages in debates about the European and capitalist origins of the fashion system and aims to decentre this history from a Pacific perspective. Taking fashion to be a process of novel and transformative display, the article reconstructs a Pacific fashion system that innovatively presents local aesthetics, status and affiliation and re-presents social, economic and political identities and agendas. It examines present-day and historical accounts of clothing and dress in the Cook Islands, starting from a shirt described in 1896; it then tracks forward to contemporary logo T-shirts and back again to suggest an alternate fashion trajectory of bodily self-representation, collective display and distinction. Fashion emerges as an anticipatory social force that produces a multiplicity of meanings that move unpredictably across time, place and systems of representation.

Previous research has shown that the completion of basic perceptual processes is intrinsically pleasant. In the absence of diagnostic and objective cues to trustworthiness, nondiagnostic factors such as positive affect can incidentally lead to reported and behavioral trust. On the basis of these two premises, it was tested whether positive affect from the completion of perceptual processes has implications for the formation of trust in first-time business-consumer interactions. We tested this hypothesis in four experiments, using the famous Kanizsa illusion as an exemplary perceptual process that has been shown to trigger positive affect. We found that participants trusted companies who featured a Kanizsa shape as their logo more than companies with closely matched logos that did not allow for the completion of a basic perceptual process. This was evident on self-reported (Experiment 1) as well as behavioral (Experiments 2-4) measures of trust. This effect even persisted under incentivized conditions (Experiment 4) and was partially mediated by the intrinsic pleasantness of perception (Experiment 3). These findings for the first time demonstrate that positive affect is not the only consequence of perception, but rather has further trickle-down consequences for social judgments and economic decision making. Perceptual illusions seem to elicit illusory trust. Therefore, these novel findings bear important implications not only for both logo design and marketing but also for consumer decision making.

The political changes in the USSR and Russia almost coincided with the beginning of an unprecedented leap in the development of information technologies in the country (and to a certain extent spurred it). Gradually, many different initiatives emerged to apply these technologies in education in general, and in mathematics education. In the paper, we discuss several examples of didactical innovations in teaching and learning mathematics with technology, namely, LOGO-based microworlds, dynamic geometry and computer algebra systems, as well as verifiers. The examples we provide, along with the theoretical perspective of productive learning and thinking, seem to demonstrate the innovative potential of new tools to make learning more visual, dynamic, and interactive. However, the issues of aligning with curriculum and standard examinations, teacher professional development, and rapid changes in technologies, require more attention by mathematics educators. The presence of such opposite trends makes the task of analyzing the history of the development of mathematics teaching technologies and underlying pedagogies relevant and important for predicting the development of this field in the near (and far-extended) future, and eventually preventing the repetition of errors in this new direction for mathematics education. In the paper we focus primarily on problems and processes in Russia, but they are investigated in connection with and against the backdrop of global trends.

El desarrollo del turismo ha venido impulsando dimensiones fuera de su tradicional convencionalismo. Su vinculación a prácticas de desarrollo local ha sido una de las variantes más recurridas a nivel internacional. Cuba como país subdesarrollado, se inserta en esta concepción y propone estrategias de desarrollo a partir de sus recursos endógenos. El municipio Yaguajay, ha sido pionero en este sentido y la investigación que se presenta da continuidad a estudios anteriores, que trataron los temas de revitalización del patrimonio industrial azucarero para fomentar el turismo cultural y acciones para la salvaguarda de tradiciones afrocubanas en el Barrio África. Sin embargo, la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de diseñar una ruta turística por el legado africano de Yaguajay como vía de desarrollo local. Para su realización se utilizó una metodología cualitativa principalmente, donde la utilización de métodos y técnicas de este paradigma ayudaron a realizar una sistematización teórica-conceptual sobre el tema y a obtener los resultados. Se realizó un diseño, donde se valoraron los criterios de pertinencia, flexibilidad, contextualización, accesibilidad entre otros. La creación de un mapa temático de recorrido, un logo de imagen turística, actividades y servicios que coadyuvan en la elaboración de una ruta competitiva; así como; sugerencias para la capacitación a los prestadores de servicios turísticos, la señalización de atractivos, distancias y sitios y la propuesta de operación de la ruta; constituyen los principales resultados de la investigación y las estrategias que se recomienda utilizar para implementar y posicionar la ruta turística por el legado africano de Yaguajay.

It is generally accepted that logo characteristics have significant effects on consumer brand preferences. However, little is known about how logo stability and instability drive consumer attitudes. To address this gap in the logo literature, the authors draw on a new perspective of brand concepts based on human values and explore why and how this logo characteristic exerts influence. Across three studies, the authors show that consumers prefer a stable logo brand when it embodies conservation concepts, while they prefer an unstable logo brand when it embodies openness concepts. The underlying mechanism for this matching effect is processing fluency. Furthermore, the matching effect is attenuated for people who are low (vs. high) in visual information processing. Overall, these findings shed light on when and how marketers should adopt stability/instability in logo design.

Upcycled foods, made from ingredients that are generally discarded, are a promising new category of foods that could help reduce food waste. However, the commercial success of upcycled foods hinges...

The tests presented in the paper stemmed from the claims of a large portion of experts dealing with conservation of monuments, according to which applying eye trackers in the process of architectural heritage management is unnecessary. This gave an impulse for the author to check whether professionals are actually capable of accurate assessment of how different visual alterations affect the perception of a given monument by regular people. Should their predictions reflect the real reactions of an average viewer as registered by means of an eye tracker, such devices would prove redundant as far as the field of management of monuments is concerned. It was therefore decided to compare opinions of polled experts with the results of eye-tracking tests organized for a similarly-sized group of non-professionals. A simple issue was chosen for the test: the experts were supposed to choose the most and the least beneficial – in terms of color – variation of the logo that informs the visitors of the new function of Wroclaw's Four Domes Pavilion. The results of the tests show that professionals do possess the knowledge necessary to assess the most basic issues, since they managed to point at the variants that proved most noticeable and most often neglected. However, they proved statistically incapable of predicting more complex responses of viewers – e.g. the relationship between the color of the logo and the amount of attention paid by viewers to the most important parts of the historical structure.

Los autores proponen que la marca, elemento común a todos los anuncios, puede mejorar las imágenes mentales provocadas por la publicidad. Basándose en la Teoría de la Codificación Dual, las marcas conocidas facilitan vías adicionales –visuales y verbales– para recuperar argumentos con los que construir imágenes mentales. Por lo tanto, los estímulos de marca en publicidad conectan al consumidor con recuerdos y experiencias pasadas relevantes. La hipótesis plantea que es más probable que una marca familiar aumente la capacidad de un anuncio en el móvil de evocar imágenes mentales mediante sus tres dimensiones: vivacidad, cantidad y elaboración. Se controló la capacidad del individuo para utilizar imágenes en el procesamiento de la información. Por medio de un experimento en línea, este estudio proporciona pruebas empíricas de las diferencias en las imágenes mentales evocadas por la publicidad digital debido a la familiaridad de la marca. Los resultados también muestran diferencias en las dimensiones de las imágenes mentales debido a la familiaridad con la marca. Los hallazgos sugieren que, por debajo de cierto nivel de familiaridad con la marca, las imágenes mentales de los anuncios pueden disminuir. La familiaridad con la marca podría mejorar el procesamiento de la información publicitaria y, por lo tanto, la generación de imágenes mentales visuales.

The purpose of the article is to cover some aspects of professional training of future graphic designers.Methodology. The structure of the graphic designer's readiness for professional activity is determined by: methodological (humanistic, cultural, creative) and pedagogical (cognitive, operational, personal) components, as well as creative and competence approach with its integral characteristics (visual, audio, kinesthetic). Highlighting the most important principles of teaching professional disciplines, namely: individual approach to students, clarity, system and consistency in solving educational tasks, it should be noted that they form a clear pedagogical system of training. A significant advantage of such a system is the formation of an individual who is aware of their creativity, creative potential, strong academic knowledge that was acquired during the study period.Scientific novelty. The organizational and methodological conditions of professional training of future designers are determined. The integration possibilities of general artistic and professionally oriented knowledge in the formation of a holistic system of skills of future graphic designers are pointed out. The role of the creative-competence approach in design education is substantiated along with its integral characteristic, which promotes the activation of creativity, the solution of creative tasks, helps in the professional training of future specialists in graphic design.Results. It is determined that professional competence forms an individual aspect of the future graphic designer's readiness for professional development and is determined by the level of acquired professional knowledge, skills and abilities. Educational activities, which compose the process of acquiring this knowledge, the formation of skills (techniques) and abilities (methods of acquiring and using knowledge) affect the development and production of modern techniques used in the training of graphic designers. Understanding of artistic and pedagogical processes in design education and its bifurcation makes it possible to determine the relationship between fine arts and design and the opportunities that open up due to their development and their application in teaching. In modern conditions, teaching design at art and graphic faculties is experiencing a new stage of finding directions and universal interpretive paradigms. Artistic and technical design is developing especially fast, the main task of which is the creation of graphic objects, development of corporate style, logo, brand book, packaging design, etc. The creative aspect according to which the teaching of graphic design is aimed at the assimilation, preservation, dissemination of works of art, readiness to participate in their creation, dictates the need to highlight the specifics of training future professionals. An important role in the professional training of a graphic designer is played by the aspect of motivation, namely the creation of a new visual and communicative quality, which is achieved by forming a model of graphic design development. In the process of research the unity of theoretical and practical readiness for creative activity is singled out.Conclusions. The program competencies that students acquire in the process of professional training are defined. It was found that the multilevel application of visual communication refers to special training, and the general artistic aspect of training a graphic designer is a necessary component of a holistic system of their professional education and it forms the basis of fundamental knowledge of the specialist. The knowledge that the future graphic designer must acquire in the process of professional training includes the following components: general theoretical component (study of theoretical disciplines of humanities, historical and cultural, socio-psychological content); general art component (mastering the methods and techniques of image, knowledge of author's graphic materials) professionally-oriented component (knowledge of the basics of project activities, special knowledge in the field of graphic design, 3D-modeling programs, implementation of projects using the material); organizational and technical component (systematization, use of information, research activities).