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Additional file 1: Figure S1. The representative cases of the tumors with low stromal TILs (A) and high stromal TILs. Figure S2. The representative cases of immunohistochemical expression of CSC-related biomarkers in tumor cells. CD24 (A, magnification, x200), CD44s (C, magnification, x200), CD133 (E, magnification, x200), and ALDH1 (G, magnification, x200) were immunostained on membrane or cytoplasm of ovarian serous carcinoma cells. The representative negative cases for CD24, CD44s, CD133, and ALDH1 were present in Figure B (magnification, x200), D (magnification, x200), F (magnification, x200), and H (magnification, x200), respectively. Figure S3. The representative cases of immunohistochemical expression of EMT-related biomarkers in tumor cells. E-cadherin (A, magnification, x200), N-cadherin (C, magnification, x200), and vimentin (E, magnification, x200) were immunostained on membrane or cytoplasm of ovarian serous carcinoma cells. The representative negative cases for E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin were present in Figure B (magnification, x200), D (magnification, x200), and F (magnification, x200), respectively.

This study aims to discuss the basic foundations to set levels and language skills for developing a Korean Proficiency Test for young and adolescent learners. Recently, there has been an increase in demand regarding young and adolescent learners from multicultural and overseas backgrounds. However, the current Korean Proficiency Test lacks the appropriate means to determine the Korean proficiency of young and adolescent learners with general purposes of language learning. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing a specialized and new form of language assessment for young and adolescent learners who are exposed to a foreign language or a second language learning environment. The study examines and analyzes cases of foreign language examinations for young & adolescent learners; furthermore, the objectives and target were set based on the results of a needs analysis and in-depth interviews conducted among teachers and education officials in overseas Korean Hangeul Schools, international schools, elementary and secondary schools. Finally, the levels and language skills appropriate for the objectives of a proficiency test and target learners have been suggested. (Kyung Hee UniversityㆍHonam UniversityㆍSung Kyun Kwan University, Korea University)

본 연구는 관광산업의 중요성으로 인해 2000년대에 특화된 한국과 일본의 관광관련 학과 대학생들의 진로적응성을 비교하였다. 이를 위해 한국의 부산광역시에 소재한 D대학교(255명)와 일본의 동경지역과 오사카지역의 4개 대학교(210명) 에서 편의 추출법을 이용하여 진로적응성 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국 관광관련 학과 대학생은 남학생이 여학생보다 진로적응성이 높고, 4학년이 3학년보다 진로적응성이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 하위요인별로 구체적으로 보면 남학생이 진로적응성의 하위요인 중 책임감, 목표의식, 창의성, 개방성 요인이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 특히 4학년이 3학년에 비해 대인관계, 개방성, 주도성이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 둘째, 일본 관광관련 학과 대학생은 성별, 학년에 따라 진로적응성이 차이가 없는 것으로 드러났다. 그러나, 하위요인별로 보면, 남학생이 여학생보다 창의성, 직무능력이 높고, 4학년이 3학년보다 긍정적 태도가 높은 것으로 드러났다. 셋째, 국적에 따른 진로적응성의 차이를 보면 전체 진로적응성에는 차이가 없는 것으로 드러났으나 책임감과 긍정적 태도는 일본이 높고, 주도성, 직무내용은 한국이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 하위요인의 차이는 일본 대학생들이 자신의 맡은 일에 대한 책임감이 높아 주어진 과제를 적절히 처리할 수 있고, 진로와 관련된 상황이나 자신에 대해서 긍정적인 태도를 가진 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 반면, 한국 관광 관련 학과의 대학생들은 대학에서 수강하는 교과목에서부터 진로와 관련된 실제적인 교과목 및 현장 실습 등을 접하게 되기 때문에 전공과 관련된 직무내용을 비교적 높게 인지하고 있다고 판단된다.

Ginseng (Panax ginseng) has long been used as a traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Generally, the harvest time and age of ginseng have been regarded as important factors determining the efficacy of ginseng. However, most studies have mainly focused on the root of ginseng, while studies on other parts of ginseng such as its berry have been relatively limited. Thus, the aim of this study iss to determine effects of harvest time on yields, phenolics/ginsenosides contents, and the antioxidant/anti-elastase activities of ethanol extracts of three- and four-year-old ginseng berry. In both three- and fourfour-year-old ginseng berry extracts, antioxidant and anti-elastase activities tended to increase as berries ripen from the first week to the last week of July. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis has revealed that contents of ginsenosides except Rg1 tend to be the highest in fourfour-year-old ginseng berries harvested in early July. These results indicate that biological activities and ginsenoside profiles of ginseng berry extracts depend on their age and harvest time in July, suggesting the importance of harvest time in the development of functional foods and medicinal products containing ginseng berry extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the influence of harvest time on the biological activity and ginsenoside contents of ginseng berry extracts.