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BACKGROUNDLongitudinal investigations of murine acute kidney injury (AKI) suggest that injury and inflammation may persist long after the initial insult. However, the evolution of these processes and their prognostic values are unknown in patients with AKI.METHODSIn a prospective cohort of 656 participants hospitalized with AKI, we measured 7 urine and 2 plasma biomarkers of kidney injury, inflammation, and tubular health at multiple time points from the diagnosis to 12 months after AKI. We used linear mixed-effect models to estimate biomarker changes over time, and we used Cox proportional hazard regressions to determine their associations with a composite outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence and progression. We compared the gene expression kinetics of biomarkers in murine models of repair and atrophy after ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI).RESULTSAfter 4.3 years, 106 and 52 participants developed incident CKD and CKD progression, respectively. Each SD increase in the change of urine KIM-1, MCP-1, and plasma TNFR1 from baseline to 12 months was associated with 2- to 3-fold increased risk for CKD, while the increase in urine uromodulin was associated with 40% reduced risk for CKD. The trajectories of these biological processes were associated with progression to kidney atrophy in mice after IRI.CONCLUSIONSustained tissue injury and inflammation, and slower restoration of tubular health, are associated with higher risk of kidney disease progression. Further investigation into these ongoing biological processes may help researchers understand and prevent the AKI-to-CKD transition.FUNDINGNIH and NIDDK (grants U01DK082223, U01DK082185, U01DK082192, U01DK082183, R01DK098233, R01DK101507, R01DK114014, K23DK100468, R03DK111881, K01DK120783, and R01DK093771).

Art bias is defined as the tendency to consider aesthetic and artistic activities as the primary prototype of creativity (Rocavert, 2020), whilst considering other fields like science, business, and convention activities as not creative. The current study aims to examine the art bias in creativity associated with various occupations (artistic, scientific, business-oriented, and conventional) using implicit and explicit measures. The study will also explore the relationship between creative self efficacy and art bias along with studying the effect of socio-demographics (gender, nationality, college major, occupation) on the participants’ implicit and explicit art bias.

Creativity as mitigating factor for the psychological discomfort related to the COVID-19 outbreak

This project contains the materials, data, and R code for our psychometric evaluation of the 28-item Creative Behavior Inventory, which was published in Creativity Research Journal. You are welcome to use the data for your own purposes so long as the original paper is cited.

International study on creativity myths

Creativity is the process of generating novel and useful ideas in a given context (e.g., Runco & Jaeger, 2012). Specifically, the construct of dark creativity involves using the creative process to meet intentionally harmful or inadvertently negative goals, making its associations with less desirable constructs like deception (Beaussart, Andrews, & Kaufman, 2013; Gino & Ariely, 2012; Gino & Wiltermuth, 2014; Walczyk, Runco, Tripp, & Smith, 2008). Given that the creative process can be directed toward meeting benevolent/positive or malevolent/negative goals, creative valences are likely to be distinctly associated with the five moral foundations, proposed by Graham et al. (2011). Additionally, individual differences in personality and pre-existing demographic characteristics may also lead to variations in these relationships. However, research is yet to investigate the associations between creativity and the five moral foundations. This study thus seeks to fill in this gap in the literature by looking at the relationship between creativity and moral foundations, while also studying moral foundations, dark creativity, and dark personality traits in conjunction. The primary objectives of the current study are: 1. To examine the associations between moral foundations and creativity (self-reported and objectively rated). 2. To explore associations between morality, personality, and everyday creativity. We also aim to explore the potential mediating effect of dark personality traits and deception on the relationship between morality and creativity. Specifically, we pose the following research questions: RQ1. Do the Dark Tetrad traits and deception mediate the relationship between individualizing moral foundations and performance on the divergent thinking tasks (in terms of fluency, creativity, moral valence, virtue caveat, and deception)? RQ2. Do the Dark Tetrad traits and deception mediate the relationship between binding moral foundations and performance on the divergent thinking tasks (in terms of fluency, creativity, moral valence, virtue caveat, and deception)?

Numerous studies that focused mainly on the influence of emotions and affective states on the creative process have shown how positive affect facilitates creativity (Baas et al., 2008; Friedman & Förster, 2005; Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). Evidence on the effect of negative emotions and affect on creativity have been mixed. There is very little consensus on whether negative emotions facilitate or curtail creativity with respect to emotions like nervousness and anxiety; there are studies demonstrating their ill-effects on creativity (Baas, et al., 2020; Charyton et al., 2009) and some providing evidence for its facilitative effects (George & Zhou, 2007; Kaufmann & Vosburg, 2002; Nijstad et al., 2010; Strasbaug & Conelly, 202). In the present study, we are interested in investigating the link between creativity and anxiety. We propose that individuals with higher trait anxiety are likely to think of more ways in which a situation can go wrong compared to those with lower levels of trait anxiety. We assume that individuals with higher trait anxiety are more likely to indulge in excessive counterfactual thinking which then further contributes to the worry and increases distress (Epstude & Roese, 2008). We seek to attain the following objectives through this study: To study the effect of trait anxiety on creative idea generation To understand how higher levels of trait anxiety contribute to counterfactual thinking in a divergent thinking context To examine the relationships between self-reported creativity, trait anxiety, optimism, and creative behaviour on divergent thinking tasks. We also aim to explore the following research questions: Is there a difference in creative performance on a real-world divergent thinking task and a counterfactual divergent thinking task? Does past psychiatric history lead to differences in creative performance on divergent thinking tasks? Does trait anxiety moderate the relationship between past psychiatric history and performance on counterfactual divergent thinking tasks? Does optimism moderate the relationship between past psychiatric history and performance on counterfactual divergent thinking tasks?

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported to be associated with excess risks of death, kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events although previous studies have important limitations. To further examine this, we prospectively studied adults from four clinical centers surviving three months and more after hospitalization with or without AKI who were matched on center, pre-admission CKD status, and an integrated priority score based on age, prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, preadmission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and treatment in the intensive care unit during the index hospitalization between December 2009-February 2015, with follow-up through November 2018. All participants had assessments of kidney function before (eGFR) and at three months and annually (eGFR and proteinuria) after the index hospitalization. Associations of AKI with outcomes were examined after accounting for pre-admission and three-month post-discharge factors. Among 769 AKI (73% Stage 1, 14% Stage 2, 13% Stage 3) and 769 matched non-AKI adults, AKI was associated with higher adjusted rates of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio 3.98, 95% confidence interval 2.51-6.31), CKD progression (2.37,1.28-4.39), heart failure events (1.68, 1.22-2.31) and all-cause death (1.78, 1.24-2.56). AKI was not associated with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in multivariable analysis (0.95, 0.70-1.28). After accounting for degree of kidney function recovery and proteinuria at three months after discharge, the associations of AKI with heart failure (1.13, 0.80-1.61) and death (1.29, 0.84-1.98) were attenuated and no longer significant. Thus, assessing kidney function recovery and proteinuria status three months after AKI provides important prognostic information for long-term clinical outcomes.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-joa-10.1177_1932202X20978356 for What Is Creativity in Education? A Qualitative Study of International Curricula by Timothy J. Patston, James C. Kaufman, Arthur J. Cropley and Rebecca Marrone in Journal of Advanced Academics

Additional file 1.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jpa-10.1177_07342829211008334 for Norming the Muses: Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale by Hansika Kapoor, Roni Reiter-Palmon and James C. Kaufman in Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jpa-10.1177_07342829211008334 for Norming the Muses: Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale by Hansika Kapoor, Roni Reiter-Palmon and James C. Kaufman in Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

Additional file 5. A step by step description of how to use our GO functional hierarchy to build reference databases and perform classification for Kraken2 and Kaiju.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-joa-10.1177_1932202X20978356 for What Is Creativity in Education? A Qualitative Study of International Curricula by Timothy J. Patston, James C. Kaufman, Arthur J. Cropley and Rebecca Marrone in Journal of Advanced Academics

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Estimation of substitution rate of soil metagenomic samples. Scatterplot to show the classification rate (y-axis) of Kraken2 (pink datapoints) and the MEM approaches Kaiju and PRROMenade (blue datapoints) for simulated reads as substitution rate increases (x-axis). The linear trendline for the datapoints is shown in black with its respective linear equation. The red line denotes the average classification rate of the soil metagenomic samples considering both Kraken2, Kaiju and PRROMenade to estimate the substitution rate of these samples if we were to attempt to recreate them from simulated reads. Figure S2. Read alignment of 189 soil metagenomic samples to GO functional groups. Scatterplots to show the proportion of classified reads to each GO term for each of the 189 analysed soil samples after classification to the IFGP GO term sequence database using Kraken2 (read numbers normalized to a scale of 0-1 for each sample to allow comparison). The respective trendlines of closest fit for the datapoints are shown in red. Here we show classification summarized for specific GO functional groups as follows; (a) GO:0016209 for antioxidant activity, (b) GO:0045735 for nutrient reservoir activity, (c) GO:0005488 for binding, (d) GO:0098772 for molecular function regulation, (e) GO:0005198 for structural molecule activity, (f) GO:0003824 for catalytic activity, (g) GO:0005215 for transporter activity and (h) GO:00140110 for transcription regulator activity. Table S1. Classification of simulated sequencing reads (low substitution rate) by Kraken using three different sized GO term sequence databases (DNA based) and functional annotation. Table S2. Classification of 474,930,848 simulated sequencing reads (low, medium and high substitution rate) by Kraken, Kraken2 and the MEM approaches Kaiju and PRROMenade using the full IFGP GO term sequence database and functional annotation. Table S3. Classification of real soil metagenome sequencing reads by Kraken, Kraken2 and the MEM approaches Kaiju and PRROMenade using the full IFGP GO term sequence database and functional annotation.

For all of the differences between studying animal and human creativity and innovation, there are enough similarities that we can gain insight by integrating both perspectives. Both research approaches focus on creative ability, but animal studies favor the concept of creative capacity whereas human scholars prefer the idea of creative potential. We explore here the implications of these differences and what each field can learn from the other.

Orally administered questionnaire. (DOCX 26 kb)

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a lunar surface mapping and data collection mission launched by NASA in 2009. As a mapping and imaging mission, frequent attitude maneuvering is required. The LRO currently follows a trial-and-error method to design maneuvers to prevent sensitive instruments from pointing at bright objects that may damage the equipment. Additionally, eigenaxis maneuvers are the primary method by which the attitude is controlled. In this thesis, optimal control theory is applied to provide automated maneuver design capabilities to support the LRO mission. The approach allows dynamic constraints, as well as other constraints such as occultation avoidance, to be easily incorporated into the maneuver design process. This aspect also simplifies maneuver checkout activities. The results of this thesis show that maneuvers can be designed to reorient the LRO in the presence of multiple occultation constraints. Moreover, maneuver times can be reduced up to 90 percent compared to the conventional approach. This increases the potential for efficient science data collection. http://archive.org/details/automatedmaneuve1094544592 Outstanding Thesis Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Background An epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is occurring across Central America, affecting, mainly among younger men. Most studies have focused on occupational factors, but the large num...

Background: In Nicaragua, an excess prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology has been described in young, male agricultural workers, particularly in sugarcane workers. Many po...

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has emerged as a major public health problem in Central American. In high- and middle-income countries, CKD is primarily caused by diabetes and hyp...

The U.S. appears committed to the ongoing use of ethanol biofuels. In order to realize the desired benefits, ethanol production must continue to become more efficient. Although many technologies have emerged to improve efficiency this article focuses on the role that corn biotechnology might play. Biotechnology offers the potential to increase yields and lower input use as well as aid the conversion of corn to ethanol. This could have a meaningful impact on the energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of ethanol production. This article finds those impacts to be significant, although likely to be eclipsed by cellulosic biofuels. However, the realization of any such benefits is conditioned by prevailing market and policy conditions. In a world where the market is less constrained by policy, increased yields afforded through biotechnology would increase corn production, which leads to lower corn price and larger ethanol production volume. When expected policies, most notably the Renewable Fuel Standard, are considered the impacts of biotechnology change. The Renewable Fuel Standard effectively limits the amount of corn based ethanol that is consumed as it shifts production towards cellulosic feedstocks. Despite the increase in corn production and reduced corn price there are only marginal increases in ethanol production volume. Accordingly, the RFSs support of competing biofuels might limit some dimensions of the ethanol industry including its ability to fully benefit from corn biotechnologies.

Study Sample Selection. Selection of Study Sample. Description: flow diagram of data used to determine final analytic study cohort. (DOCX 67Â kb)

Sample Characteristics by Propensity Weighting. Patient Characteristics by Intensity of Predialysis Nephrology Care: Unweighted and Propensity Score Weighted Samples. Description: baseline characteristics of the unweighted study sample and propensity weighted sample. (DOCX 75Â kb)

Sample Characteristics by Propensity Weighting. Patient Characteristics by Intensity of Predialysis Nephrology Care: Unweighted and Propensity Score Weighted Samples. Description: baseline characteristics of the unweighted study sample and propensity weighted sample. (DOCX 75Â kb)

Study Sample Selection. Selection of Study Sample. Description: flow diagram of data used to determine final analytic study cohort. (DOCX 67Â kb)

The notion of social justice requires our capacity to imagine possible alternative societies as well as the determination to work, collectively, towards actualizing them. By considering certain forms of social organization as natural, and obscuring their purely conventional character, we would be effectively denying the possibility of any competing societies from being imagined. The imposition of a unique model for society can become a strong source of social injustice and discrimination between diversified groups. Whoever is able to build the strongest castle of pre-conditions that affect the way in which other groups are perceived in their way of life holds a subtle but very real form of power. In this chapter, we show that creativity can provide a way out from this deadlock. The first element is to realize that in the Information Society creativity is not a luxury, but a real necessity. The second element is to analyze how the introduction of creativity in education has several benefits, and that the consideration of creativity has the potential to affect ethics and equity for admissions to higher education and gifted programs. The third element involves introducing a “pedagogy of the possible,” in which creativity becomes intertwined with powerful concepts like hope, anticipation, utopian thinking, and wonder. By nurturing these fundamental concepts in students, it is possible to push the boundaries of social justice and discover that what was considered an impossibility can be reached.

The field of creativity remains misunderstood by the general public and implicit beliefs, in particular an Arts Bias, continue to permeate popular culture. This has the potential to derail efforts to embed creativity in the 21st century classroom, at a time when it is most needed. We therefore ask if teachers endorse such an Arts Bias in creativity. The present study found a lower than expected tendency towards an Arts Bias among teachers from more than seven countries. However, differences by discipline and level of self-rated creativity suggest specific pathways for enhancing efforts to embed creativity in the classroom. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

For many years, researchers have debated the role of ‘‘domain’’ in creativity. Opinion remains divided, but a common view is that creativity is a combination of domain-general elements, coupled with domain-specific manifestations, usually in the form of different kinds of products. Discussions of domains and creativity frequently take place in very broad,thematic terms, differentiating only between Arts and Sciences, with less attention given to differences within domains.The goal of this paper is to explore a single technological domain, studying differences between the micro-domains of Engineering and Industrial Design. Do engineers and industrial designers differ when evaluating the creativity of products?If they differ, what might be the underlying drivers of these differences? Contrary to expectations, not only were there significant differences between these groups, but evidence presented in this study suggests that engineers have difficulty differentiating between aesthetics and functionality, as components of product creativity, in contrast to industrial designers, who seem to possess a more discriminating eye. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Can creativity be used for evil (or simply bad or unethical) purposes? Much of the past research on this topic has emphasized how creative people are more likely to engage in socially undesirable or morally unethical behavior. Yet how do laypeople perceive this issue? This study presented 626 participants with 4 hypothetical situations and a total of 43 possible actions varying both in malevolence and creativity. A factor analysis of participant ratings of each action's malevolence revealed 5 levels of perceived malevolence (moral killing, legal, immoral/unethical, illegal/nonviolent, and illegal/violent). The perceived creativity of these actions was nonlinear-actions that were morally complex or ambiguous were seen as being more creative. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

What is the role of expertise in evaluating creative products? Novices and experts do not assess creativity similarly, indicating domain-specific knowledge's role in judging creativity. We describe two studies that examined how quasi-experts (people who have more experience in a domain than novices but also lack recognized standing as experts) compared to novices and experts in rating creative work. In Study One, we compared different types of quasi-experts with novices and experts in rating short stories. In Study Two, we compared experts, quasi-experts, and novices in evaluating an engineering product (a mousetrap design). Quasi-experts (regardless of type) seemed to be appropriate raters for short stories, yet results were mixed for the engineer quasi-experts. Some domains may require more expertise than others to properly evaluate creative work. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Language use is widely regarded as an important indicator of high quality learning and reasoning ability. Yet this masks an irony: language is fundamentally a social, collaborative tool, yet despite the widespread recognition of its importance in relation to learning, the role of dialogue is undervalued in learning contexts. In this chapter we argue that to see language as only a tool for individual thought presents a limited view of its transformative power. This power, we argue, lies in the ways in which dialogue is used to interthink – that is, to think together, to build knowledge co-constructively through our shared understanding. Technology can play an important role in resourcing thinking through the provision of information, and support to provide a space to think alone. It can moreover provide significant support for learners to build shared representations together, particularly through giving learners access to a wealth of ‘given’ inter-related texts which resource the co-construction of knowledge.

The quote above is taken from the novel The Vanishing (later adapted into a successful Dutch film and less successful American film). The main character, Saskia, describes her recurring dream of loneliness. Academia can tend toward such isolation, with different disciplines and topics staying within their own” golden eggs” of discourse. One of the goals of a volume such as this one is to force two” golden eggs” to collide by asking scholars from the fields of both creativity and ethics to consider how these topics might be related.

What effect does creativity have on individuals, groups and societies, and on the fundamental values on which they base their actions and institutions? What constitutes good and evil, right and wrong, and how does creativity disrupt these beliefs? The Ethics of Creativity brings together an impressive collaboration of thinkers from several countries and disciplines to illuminate the thorny issues that arise when novel ideas and products brought forth by creativity collide with the rules and norms of what we believe to be 'right' or 'good'. This book tackles questions of why most people claim to love creativity yet, in practice, may quash creative intentions, how creative innovations can create new ethical problems, when creativity and ethics tend to coincide and when they tend to conflict, and how both creativity and ethics might be harnessed to support a brighter future for all.

With few exceptions, scholarship on creativity has focused on its positive aspects while largely ignoring its dark side. This includes not only creativity deliberately aimed at hurting others, such as crime or terrorism, or at gaining unfair advantages, but also the accidental negative side effects of well-intentioned acts. This book brings together essays written by experts from various fields (psychology, criminal justice, sociology, engineering, education, history, and design) and with different interests (personality development, mental health, deviant behavior, law enforcement, and counter-terrorism) to illustrate the nature of negative creativity, examine its variants, call attention to its dangers, and draw conclusions about how to prevent it or protect society from its effects.