Search

We consider the XXZ spin chain, characterized by an anisotropy parameter $\Delta>1$, and normalized such that the ground state energy is $0$ and the ground state given by the all spins up state. The energies $E_K = K(1-1/\Delta)$, $K=1,2,\ldots$, can be interpreted as $K$-cluster break-up thresholds for down spin configurations. We show that, for every $K$, the bipartite entanglement of all states with energy below the $(K+1)$-cluster break-up satisfies a logarithmically corrected (or enhanced) area law. This generalizes a result by Beaud and Warzel, who considered energies in the droplet spectrum (i.e., below the 2-cluster break-up). For general $K$, we find an upper logarithmic bound with pre-factor $2K-1$. We show that this constant is optimal in the Ising limit $\Delta=\infty$. Beaud and Warzel also showed that after introducing a random field and disorder averaging the enhanced area law becomes a strict area law, again for states in the droplet regime. For the Ising limit with random field, we show that this result does not extend beyond the droplet regime. Instead, we find states with energies arbitrarily close to the $(K+1)$-cluster break-up whose entanglement satisfies a logarithmically growing lower bound with pre-factor $K-1$., Comment: 35 pages, v2: small errors and typos corrected

We prove a quantitative uncertainty principle at low energies for the Laplacian on fairly general weighted graphs with a uniform explicit control of the constants in terms of geometric quantities. A major step consists in establishing lower bounds for Dirichlet eigenvalues in terms of the geometry., 28 pages; minor revision, some (Counter)examples added, to appear in: Journal of Spectral Theory

We study many-body localization properties of the disordered XXZ spin chain in the Ising phase. Disorder is introduced via a random magnetic field in the $z$-direction. We prove a strong form of dynamical exponential clustering for eigenstates in the droplet spectrum: For any pair of local observables separated by a distance $\ell$, the sum of the associated correlators over these states decays exponentially in $\ell$, in expectation. This exponential clustering persists under the time evolution in the droplet spectrum. Our result applies to the large disorder regime as well as to the strong Ising phase at fixed disorder, with bounds independent of the support of the observables., The main result now proves {\it dynamical} exponential clustering. 34 pages, no figures

We prove spatial decay estimates on disorder-averaged position-momentum correlations in a gapless class of random oscillator models. First, we prove a decay estimate on dynamic correlations for general eigenstates with a bound that depends on the magnitude of the maximally excited mode. Then, we consider the situation of a quantum quench. We prove that the full time-evolution of an initially chosen (uncorrelated) product state has disorder-averaged correlations which decay exponentially in space, uniformly in time., Comment: 16 pages, Contribution for the proceedings of QMath13: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, Atlanta, 2016

We consider a random Schr\"odinger operator on the binary tree with a random potential which is the sum of a random radially symmetric potential, $Q_r$, and a random transversally periodic potential, $\kappa Q_t$, with coupling constant $\kappa$. Using a new one-dimensional dynamical systems approach combined with Jensen's inequality in hyperbolic space (our key estimate) we obtain a fractional moment estimate proving localization for small and large $\kappa$. Together with a previous result we therefore obtain a model with two Anderson transitions, from localization to delocalization and back to localization, when increasing $\kappa$. As a by-product we also have a partially new proof of one-dimensional Anderson localization at any disorder., Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure

We give an introduction into some aspects of the emerging mathematical theory of many-body localization (MBL) for disordered quantum spin chains. In particular, we discuss manifestations of MBL such as zero-velocity Lieb-Robinson bounds, quasi-locality of the time evolution of local observables, as well as exponential clustering and low entanglement of eigenstates. Explicit models where such properties have recently been verified are the XY and XXZ spin chain, in each case with disorder introduced in the form of a random exterior field. We introduce these models, state many of the available results and try to provide some general context. We discuss methods and ideas which enter the proofs and, in a few illustrative examples, include more detailed arguments. Finally, we also mention some directions for future mathematical work on MBL., Comment: Contribution to the Proceedings of the 2018 Arizona School of Analysis and Mathematical Physics. v2: minor changes, two references added, 33 pages

We study XXZ spin systems on general graphs. In particular, we describe the formation of droplet states near the bottom of the spectrum in the Ising phase of the model, where the Z-term dominates the XX-term. As key tools we use particle number conservation of XXZ systems and symmetric products of graphs with their associated adjacency matrices and Laplacians. Of particular interest to us are strips and multi-dimensional Euclidean lattices, for which we discuss the existence of spectral gaps above the droplet regime. We also prove a Combes-Thomas bound which shows that the eigenstates in the droplet regime are exponentially small perturbations of strict (classical) droplets., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, updated version with additional graph-theoretic references

We consider the dynamics of the quantum XY chain with disorder under the general assumption that the expectation of the eigenfunction correlator of the associated one-particle Hamiltonian satisfies a decay estimate typical of Anderson localization. We show that, starting from a broad class of product initial states, entanglement remains bounded for all times. For the XX chain, we also derive bounds on the particle transport which, in particular, show that the density profile of initial states that consist of fully occupied and empty intervals, only have significant dynamics near the edges of those intervals, uniformly for all times., Comment: 22 pages, final version, to appear in Lett. Math. Phys

We study low-energy properties of the random displacement model, a random Schr\"odinger operator describing an electron in a randomly deformed lattice. All periodic displacement configurations which minimize the bottom of the spectrum are characterized. While this configuration is essentially unique for dimension greater than one, there are infinitely many different minimizing configurations in the one-dimensional case. The latter leads to unusual low energy asymptotics for the integrated density of states of the one-dimensional random displacement model. For symmetric Bernoulli-distributed displacements it has a $1/\log^2$-singularity at the bottom of the spectrum. In particular, it is not H\"older-continuous., Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure

We provide a characterization of the spectral minimum for a random Schr\"odinger operator of the form $H=-\Delta + \sum_{i \in \Z^d}q(x-i-\omega_i)$ in $L^2(\R^d)$, where the single site potential $q$ is reflection symmetric, compactly supported in the unit cube centered at 0, and the displacement parameters $\omega_i$ are restricted so that adjacent single site potentials do not overlap. In particular, we show that a minimizing configuration of the displacements is given by a periodic pattern of densest possible $2^d$-clusters of single site potentials. The main tool to prove this is a quite general phenomenon in the spectral theory of Neumann problems, which we dub ``bubbles tend to the boundary.'' How should a given compactly supported potential be placed into a bounded domain so as to minimize or maximize the first Neumann eigenvalue of the Schr\"odinger operator on this domain? For square or rectangular domains and reflection symmetric potentials, we show that the first Neumann eigenvalue is minimized when the potential sits in one of the corners of the domain and is maximized when it sits in the center of the domain. With different methods we also show a corresponding result for smooth strictly convex domains., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures

We give a new proof of correlation estimates for arbitrary moments of the resolvent of random Schr\"odinger operators on the lattice that generalizes and extends the correlation estimate of Minami for the second moment. We apply this moment bound to obtain a new $n$-level Wegner-type estimate that measures eigenvalue correlations through an upper bound on the probability that a local Hamiltonian has at least $n$ eigenvalues in a given energy interval. Another consequence of the correlation estimates is that the results on the Poisson statistics of energy level spacing and the simplicity of the eigenvalues in the strong localization regime hold for a wide class of translation-invariant, selfadjoint, lattice operators with decaying off-diagonal terms and random potentials.

For a large class of multi-dimensional Schrodinger operators it is shown that the absolutely continuous spectrum is essentially supported by [ 0 , ∞ ) . We require slow decay and mildly oscillatory behavior of the potential in a cone and can allow for arbitrary non-negative bounded potential outside the cone. In particular, we do not require the existence of wave operators. The result and method of proof extends previous work by Laptev, Naboko and Safronov.

We present a short, new, self-contained proof of localization properties of multi-dimensional continuum random Schodinger operators in the fluctuation boundary regime. Our method is based on the recent extension of the fractional moment method to continuum models in [2] but does not require the random potential to satisfy a covering condition. Applications to random surface potentials and potentials with random displacements are included.

We prove quantum dynamical lower bounds for one-dimensional continuum Schrodinger operators that possess critical energies for which there is slow growth of transfer matrix norms and a large class of compactly supported initial states. This general result is applied to a number of models, including the Bernoulli–Anderson model with a constant single-site potential.

We consider continuum random Schr\"odinger operators of the type $H_{\omega} = -\Delta + V_0 + V_{\omega}$ with a deterministic background potential $V_0$. We establish criteria for the absence of continuous and absolutely continuous spectrum, respectively, outside the spectrum of $-\Delta +V_0$. The models we treat include random surface potentials as well as sparse or slowly decaying random potentials. In particular, we establish absence of absolutely continuous surface spectrum for random potentials supported near a one-dimensional surface (``random tube'') in arbitrary dimension.

We consider Schr\"odinger operators in $\ell^2(\Z)$ whose potentials are obtained by randomly concatenating words from an underlying set $\mathcal{W}$ according to some probability measure $\nu$ on $\mathcal{W}$. Our assumptions allow us to consider models with local correlations, such as the random dimer model or, more generally, random polymer models. We prove spectral localization and, away from a finite set of exceptional energies, dynamical localization for such models. These results are obtained by employing scattering theoretic methods together with Furstenberg's theorem to verify the necessary input to perform a multiscale analysis., Comment: 19 pages

A random polymer model is a one-dimensional Jacobi matrix randomly composed of two finite building blocks. If the two associated transfer matrices commute, the corresponding energy is called critical. Such critical energies appear in physical models, an example being the widely studied random dimer model. It is proven that the Lyapunov exponent vanishes quadratically at a generic critical energy and that the density of states is positive there. Large deviation estimates around these asymptotics allow to prove optimal lower bounds on quantum transport, showing that it is almost surely overdiffusive even though the models are known to have pure-point spectrum with exponentially localized eigenstates for almost every configuration of the polymers. Furthermore, the level spacing is shown to be regular at the critical energy.

Consider a one-dimensional Schrödinger operator with potential V given as follows: Fix a single-site potential f which is supported in an interval of length less than 1. Construct V by placing a translate of f into each unit interval [n,n+1] for an integer n, where otherwise the positions of each translate are arbitrary. Which configuration of single sites minimizes the spectral minimum of the Schrödinger operator with potential V? This question is equivalent to finding the spectral minimum of the random displacement model. We conjecture that the minimum is realized through pair formation of the single sites. We provide a partial proof of this conjecture and additional numerical evidence for its correctness.

We examine many-body localization properties for the eigenstates that lie in the droplet sector of the random-field spin-$\frac 1 2$ XXZ chain. These states satisfy a basic single cluster localization property (SCLP), derived in \cite{EKS}. This leads to many consequences, including dynamical exponential clustering, non-spreading of information under the time evolution, and a zero velocity Lieb Robinson bound. Since SCLP is only applicable to the droplet sector, our definitions and proofs do not rely on knowledge of the spectral and dynamical characteristics of the model outside this regime. Rather, to allow for a possible mobility transition, we adapt the notion of restricting the Hamiltonian to an energy window from the single particle setting to the many body context., Comment: 6 pages, no figures

Recent results on localization, both exponential and dynamical, for various models of one-dimensional, continuum, random Schrodinger operators are reviewed. This includes Anderson models with indefinite single site potentials, the BernoulliAnderson model, the Poisson model, and the random displacement model. Among the tools which are used to analyse these models are generalized spectral averaging techniques and results from inverse spectral and scattering theory. A discussion of open problems is included.

We review several aspects of Many-Body Localization-like properties exhibited by the disordered XY chains: localization properties of the energy eigenstates and thermal states, propagation bounds of Lieb-Robinson type, decay of correlation functions, absence of particle transport, bounds on the bipartite entanglement, and bounded entanglement growth under the dynamics. We also prove new results on the absence of energy transport and Fock space localization. All these properties are made accessible to mathematical analysis due to the exact mapping of the XY chain to a system of quasi-free fermions given by the Jordan-Wigner transformation. Motivated by these results we discuss conjectured properties of more general disordered quantum spin and other systems as possible directions for future mathematical research., Final version, to appear in Annalen der Physik; title modified, introduction expanded, references added, new Lemma 8.1

We prove exponential localization at all energies for two types of one-dimensional random Schrödinger operators: the Poisson model and the random displacement model. As opposed to Anderson-type models, these operators are not monotonic in the random parameters. Therefore the classical one-parameter version of spectral averaging, as used in localization proofs for Anderson models, breaks down. We use the new method of two-parameter spectral averaging and apply it to the Poisson as well as the displacement case. In addition, we apply results from inverse spectral theory, which show that two-parameter spectral averaging works for sufficiently many energies (all but a discrete set) to conclude localization at all energies.

We use scattering theoretic methods to prove exponential localization for random displacement models in one dimension. The operators we consider model both quantum and classical wave propagation. Our main tools are the reflection and transmission coefficients for compactly supported single site perturbations. We show that randomly displaced, non-reflectionless single sites lead to localization.

We prove pure point spectrum with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions at all band edges for Schrodinger Operators with a periodic potential plus a random potential of the form V w (x) = Σq i (w)f(x - i), where $f$ decays at infinity like |x|−m for m>4d resp. $m>3d depending on the regularity of f. The random variables q i are supposed to be independent and identically distributed. We assume that their distribution has a bounded density of compact support.

The absolutely continuous and singular spectrum of one-dimensional Schrodinger operators with slowly oscillating potentials and perturbed periodic potentials is studied, continuing similar investigations for Jacobi matrices from [14]. Trace class methods are used to locate the singular spectrum. The absolutely continuous spectrum is determined by iterated diagonalization of transfer matrices to prove boundedness of eigensolutions.

We study the structure of the spectrum of the infinite XXZ quantum spin chain, an anisotropic version of the Heisenberg model. The XXZ chain Hamiltonian preserves the number of down spins (or particle number), allowing to represent it as a direct sum of N-particle interacting discrete Schr\"odinger-type operators restricted to the fermionic subspace. In the Ising phase of the model we use this representation to give a detailed determination of the band and gap structure of the spectrum at low energy. In particular, we show that at sufficiently strong anisotropy the so-called droplet bands are separated from higher spectral bands uniformly in the particle number. Our presentation of all necessary background is self-contained and can serve as an introduction to the mathematical theory of the Heisenberg and XXZ quantum spin chains., Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures

By presenting simple theorems for the absence of positive eigenvalues for certain one-dimensional Schrödinger operators, we are able to construct explicit potentials which yield purely singular continuous spectrum.

Let A be a self-adjoint operator defined by a general singular ordinary differential expression τ on an interval (a, b), − ∞ ≤ a < b ≤ ∞. We show that isolated eigenvalues in any gap of the essential spectrum of A are exactly the limits of eigenvalues of suitably chosen self-adjoint realizations An of τ on subintervals (an, bn) of (a, b) with an → a, bn → b. This means that eigenvalues of singular ordinary differential operators can be approximated by eigenvalues of regular operators.

We prove absence of absolutely continuous spectra for multidimensional Schrodinger operators with high barriers. The result is formulated in terms of a geometric condition on the barriers which entails singular spectrum. The proof combines probabilistic and functional analytic techniques.

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) will be the largest solar telescope in the world, and will be able to provide the sharpest views ever taken of the solar surface. The telescope has a 4m aperture primary mirror, however due to the off axis nature of the optical layout, the telescope mount has proportions similar to an 8 meter class telescope. The technology normally used in this class of telescope is well understood in the telescope community and has been successfully implemented in numerous projects. The world of large machine tools has developed in a separate realm with similar levels of performance requirement but different boundary conditions. In addition the competitive nature of private industry has encouraged development and usage of more cost effective solutions both in initial capital cost and thru-life operating cost. Telescope mounts move relatively slowly with requirements for high stability under external environmental influences such as wind buffeting. Large machine tools operate under high speed requirements coupled with high application of force through the machine but with little or no external environmental influences. The benefits of these parallel development paths and the ATST system requirements are being combined in the ATST Telescope Mount Assembly (TMA). The process of balancing the system requirements with new technologies is based on the experience of the ATST project team, Ingersoll Machine Tools who are the main contractor for the TMA and MT Mechatronics who are their design subcontractors. This paper highlights a number of these proven technologies from the commercially driven machine tool world that are being introduced to the TMA design. Also the challenges of integrating and ensuring that the differences in application requirements are accounted for in the design are discussed.

We give a detailed survey of results obtained in the most recent half-decade which led to a deeper understanding of the random displacement model, a model of a random Schrodinger operator which describes the quantum mechanics of an electron in a structurally disordered medium. These results started by identifying configurations which characterize minimal energy, then led to Lifshitz tail bounds on the integrated density of states as well as a Wegner estimate near the spectral minimum, which ultimately resulted in a proof of spectral and dynamical localization at low energy for the multi-dimensional random displacement model.

We study many-body properties of quantum harmonic oscillator lattices with disorder. A sufficient condition for dynamical localization, expressed as a zero-velocity Lieb-Robinson bound, is formulated in terms of the decay of the eigenfunction correlators for an effective one-particle Hamiltonian. We show how state-of-the-art techniques for proving Anderson localization can be used to prove that these properties hold in a number of standard models. We also derive bounds on the static and dynamic correlation functions at both zero and positive temperature in terms of one-particle eigenfunction correlators. In particular, we show that static correlations decay exponentially fast if the corresponding effective one-particle Hamiltonian exhibits localization at low energies, regardless of whether there is a gap in the spectrum above the ground state or not. Our results apply to finite as well as to infinite oscillator systems. The eigenfunction correlators that appear are more general than those previously studied in the literature. In particular, we must allow for functions of the Hamiltonian that have a singularity at the bottom of the spectrum. We prove exponential bounds for such correlators for some of the standard models.

For Jacobi matrices on the discrete half line with slowly oscillating potentials the absolutely continuous and singular spectrum is located. The results, which can be extended to perturbed periodic potentials, show that separated regions of purely absolutely continuous resp. purely singular spectrum appear. The main tools in the proof of absolute continuity are the method of subordinacy and an abstract result on the iterated diagonalization of products of 2×2-matrices, which is applied to transfer matrices. The singular spectrum is found by using a result of Simon and Spancer.

For Sturm-Liouville operators on the half line, we show that the property of having singular, singular continuous, or pure point spectrum for a set of boundary conditions of positive measure depends only on the behavior of the potential at infinity. We also prove that existence of recurrent spectrum implies that of singular spectrum and that “almost sure” existence of L_2-solutions implies pure point spectrum for almost every boundary condition. The same results hold for Jacobi matrices on the discrete half line.

Spectral Theory and Analysis : Conference on Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics (OTAMP) 2008, Bedlewo, Poland

We consider continuum one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators with potentials that are given by a sum of a suitable background potential and an Anderson-type potential whose single-site distribution has a continuous and compactly supported density. We prove exponential decay of the expectation of the finite volume correlators, uniform in any compact energy region, and deduce from this dynamical and spectral localization. The proofs implement a continuum analog of the method Kunz and Souillard developed in 1980 to study discrete one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators with potentials of the form background plus random.

We show almost sure simplicity of eigenvalues for several models of Anderson-type random Schr\"odinger operators, extending methods introduced by Simon for the discrete Anderson model. These methods work throughout the spectrum and are not restricted to the localization regime. We establish general criteria for the simplicity of eigenvalues which can be interpreted as separately excluding the absence of local and global symmetries, respectively. The criteria are applied to Anderson models with matrix-valued potential as well as with single-site potentials supported on a finite box., Comment: 20 pages

This work is a contribution to the theory of the absolutely continuous spectrum of one-dimensional Schriidinger operators, i.e., Sturm-Liouville operators generated by differential expressions of the form ru = --u” + qu. In proofs of absolute continuity for such operators and also for the closely related Dirac systems always asymptotic properties of solutions of zu = lu for real or complex values of 1 have played an important role, see, for example, [18, 19, 8, 4, 9, lo]. In these works and a number of others particular classes of potentials q were treated using properties of solutions in the course of the proof of absolute continuity. Somewhat more recently the connection between asymptotic properties of solutions and absolute continuity was given a theory, i.e., results of the following form were proved: Let the solutions of zu = lu satisfy some specific asymptotic property for A varying in some subset of R (no or almost no a priori assumptions on q), then operators generated by z are absolutely continuous in this set. A first result of this type was given by Carmona [3], who proved that local uniform boundedness of solutions together with their derivatives in some open A-set implies pure absolute continuity in this set. Here we will mostly rely on the concept of (non-).&or&racy of solutions, which was shown by Gilbert and Pearson [7, 12, 61 to be a powerful tool in the investigation of the continuous spectrum of Sturm-Liouville operators. In Section 2 we give some consequences of their results, whi_ch are useful in proofs of absolute continuity. These consequences range from non-existence of imbedded eigenvalues and the existence of absolutely continuous parts to pure absolute continuity and the existence of transient 210 0022-247x/92 $5.00

Bounds on the exponential decay of generalized eigenfunctions of bounded and unbounded selfadjoint Jacobi matrices are established. Two cases are considered separately: (i) the case in which the spectral parameter lies in a general gap of the spectrum of the Jacobi matrix and (ii) the case of a lower semi-bounded Jacobi matrix with values of the spectral parameter below the spectrum. It is demonstrated by examples that both results are sharp. We apply these results to obtain a "many barriers-type" criterion for the existence of square-summable generalized eigenfunctions of an unbounded Jacobi matrix at almost every value of the spectral parameter in suitable open sets. As an application, we provide examples of unbounded Jacobi matrices with a spectral mobility edge., This is a substantially revised and expanded version of 0711.4035v1

Methods of Spectral Analysis in Mathematical Physics : Conference on Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics (OTAMP) 2006, Lund, Sweden

We give a proof of dynamical localization in the form of exponential decay of spatial correlations in the time evolution for the one-dimensional continuum Anderson model via the fractional moments method. This follows via exponential decay of fractional moments of the Green function, which is shown to hold at arbitrary energy and for any single-site distribution with bounded, compactly supported density., Comment: 13 pages

We consider the isotropic or anisotropic XY spin chain in the presence of a transversal random magnetic field, with parameters given by random variables. It is shown that eigenfunction correlator localization of the corresponding effective one-particle Hamiltonian implies a uniform area law bound in expectation for the bipartite entanglement entropy of all eigenstates of the XY chain, i.e. a form of many-body localization at all energies. Here entanglement with respect to arbitrary connected subchains of the chain can be considered. Applications where the required eigenfunction correlator bounds are known include the isotropic XY chain in random field as well as the anisotropic chain in strong or strongly disordered random field., 28 pages, v2: changes in introduction after feedback received, some references added, v3: some improvements and updates, main results unchanged

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow edema (BME) is a common cause of pain of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of iloprost in the treatment of BME of different localizations and etiologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 104 patients (54 male, 50 female) with BME. Their mean age was 52.8 ± 14.7 years. BME was located 50 times in the knee, 19 times in the talus, 18 times in the femoral head and 17 times in other bones. Patients were allocated to three distinct etiological groups: 27 cases were estimated to have idiopathic BME, 16 post-traumatic BME and the other 61 BME secondary to activated osteoarthritis or mechanical stress. Therapy consisted of a series of five iloprost infusions with either 20, 25 or 50 μg of iloprost given over 6 hours on 5 consecutive days each. RESULTS: At the clinical follow-up four months after therapy, the pain level of the 104 patients at rest had diminished by a mean of 73% (p < 0.0001): 64% of patients reported a reduction, 34% no change and 2% an increase in pain at rest. Pain under stress decreased by a mean of 59%, (p < 0.0001): 76% of patients had less pain during activity, 22% no change from baseline and 2% an increased pain level. On MRI, 65% had significant reduction of BME size or complete normalization and 20% showed no change. Worsening of the MRI pattern was found in 2%. 13% were lost to MRI follow-up. Side effects were significantly reduced by lowering the daily dose from 50 to 20 μg, without impairment of therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the use of parenteral iloprost might be a viable method in the treatment of BME of different etiologies.