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The in situ measurement of charged particles plays a key role in understanding space plasma physics. Velocity distribution functions of ions and electrons have been acquired with electrostatic analyzers onboard spacecraft. Since conventional energy analyzers (e.g., top-hat electrostatic analyzers) have essentially a two-dimensional field of view, the solid angle coverage is achieved with the aid of spacecraft spin motion or with additional entrance deflection systems in front of the electrostatic analyzer. In the latter case, however, the full angular scan is realized only in the lower energy range (typically only up to 5–15 keV/e), due to the limitation of the electric field applied to the deflector. Here we propose a novel deflection system for extending the energy coverage up to tens of keV. This is especially useful for plasma observations in situations where the anisotropy of the energetic part (> 10 keV) of charged particles plays an essential role in plasma dynamics and hence is of significant interest. Graphical Abstract

Gene expression is controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The TACC2 gene was known to be associated with tumors but the control of its expression is unclear. We have reported that activity of the intronic promoter p10 of TACC2 in primary lesion of endometrial cancer is indicative of lymph node metastasis among a low-risk patient group. Here, we analyze the intronic promoter derived isoforms in JHUEM-1 endometrial cancer cells, and primary tissues of endometrial cancers and normal endometrium. Full-length cDNA amplicons are produced by long-range PCR and subjected to nanopore sequencing followed by computational error correction. We identify 16 stable, 4 variable, and 9 rare exons including 3 novel exons validated independently. All variable and rare exons reside N-terminally of the TACC domain and contribute to isoform variety. We found 240 isoforms as high-confidence, supported by more than 20 reads. The large number of isoforms produced from one minor promoter indicates the post-transcriptional complexity coupled with transcription at the TACC2 locus in cancer and normal cells.

Introduction/Background Lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer should be considered depending on individual patients owing to its postoperative risks such as lymphedema. Although assessment of lymph node metastasis provides crucial information for appropriate adjuvant management, therapeutic importance of lymphadenectomy for low-intermediate risk patients is a matter of debate. Given that sentinel lymph node biopsy is a beneficial but complex method, noninvasive, simple and high-precision diagnosis method for lymph node metastatic state is highly demanded. In a previous study, we identified SEMA3D and a novel isoform of TACC2 as promising biomarkers to evaluate lymphatic metastasis based on gene expression patterns in the primary lesion. Here, we attempted to optimize sampling method considering tumor heterogeneity and to accelerate gene quantitative analysis for our biomarkers. Methodology Endometrial cancer tissues from new several patients were collected in addition to the previous 115 patients. We collected 5–13 pieces of primary tumor from each new patient. We verified gene expressions of each tissue piece by quantitative-PCR to optimize sampling method. Then we assessed whether RT-SmartAmp method, which can detect nucleic acids in one step consisting of a reverse transcription and an isothermal amplification of DNA, could quantify our biomarker RNA rapidly. We measured the speed of amplification and target specificity based on biomarker RNA as the template in one step containing reverse transcription step. Results We calculated the average expression levels by bootstrap method It suggested that even when the sampling number is two, each average expression level indicates correct diagnosis with 99%CI. Then we also succeeded to develop a promising candidate of primer set to detect the target mRNA by using SmartAmp. This candidate can detect RNA quantitatively within 30 minutes without non-specific amplification of negative control by using Eprimer as detection fluorescence. Conclusion Our findings pave the way for support clinical decisions that minimize irrelevant lymphadenectomy. Disclosure I have no COI with regard to our presentation. This work was supported by AMED under Grant Number 18cm0106433h0001 and 19cm0106452h0001, a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the MEXT (15K10732, 17K11296, 18K09299), a research grant from MEXT through the RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, a research grant from MEXT to RIKEN Omics Science Center and a research grant from MEXT to RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies).

To identify, describe and summarize evidence on residual symptoms and disease burdens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients qualified as being in remission or low disease activity (LDA).A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted according to Cochrane collaboration guidelines. The population of interest was adult patients with RA in remission or LDA. The reported outcomes of interest were any symptoms or burdens.Fifty-one publications were identified through an eDatabase search. Together with 17 articles found through other sources, 68 were included for full text review. The most commonly reported residual symptoms were pain (number of studies = 25), fatigue (n = 21) and morning stiffness (n = 5). Reported disease burdens included mental health (n = 15), sleep disturbances (n = 7) and work productivity (n = 5), impairment in quality of life (n = 21), and functional disability (n = 34). Substantial residual symptoms and disease burdens were found to be present in patients in remission or LDA.This is the first SLR to investigate residual symptoms and disease burdens in RA patients in remission or LDA. The results indicate that despite achieving conventional clinical targets, the disease continues to affect patients, suggesting the existence of unmet need under the current treatment paradigm.

We propose a new construct (implicit normative evaluations) that purports to measure automatic associations about societal evaluations. We develop a new measure of this construct based on a modification of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and describe how it is related to but not redundant with implicit attitudes and explicit normative evaluations. Study 1 provided evidence that implicit normative evaluations and implicit attitudes uniquely predicted evaluations measured by the traditional IAT. Study 2 demonstrated that Asian-Canadian immigrants' implicit normative evaluations toward older people became more negative the longer they were in Canada. Study 3 found that engineering students' (both men and women) implicit normative evaluations toward female engineers became more negative as they were exposed to engineering and that for women these negative normative evaluations predicted their intention to drop out of engineering. Study 4 demonstrated that implicit normative evaluations predicted the speed at which participants decide to “shoot” an African Canadian target on a shooter bias task (Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002). Finally, in Study 5, an experimental manipulation of an audience's reaction to racist jokes targeting people from the Middle East affected implicit normative evaluations about this group and that these implicit normative evaluations in turn affected discrimination. The implications of these results for the importance of social influence and culture in shaping thoughts and behavior are discussed.

We have recently developed a new target plate (BLOTCHIP®) for MALDI-MS. An advantage of this procedure is that it does not require the lowering of protein concentrations in test samples prior to analysis. Accordingly, this new technology enables the detection of peptides present in blood samples, including those that would otherwise be adsorbed to abundant blood proteins and would thus escape detection. Using this technology, we analyzed the peripheral blood of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH; the most common serious complication of pregnancy) to test a potential utility of the technology for monitoring of the pathophysiological status. In the present study, we found 23 characteristic peptides for PIH in the blood serum of pregnant women. Offline LC-MALDI MS/MS identified 7 of the 23 peptides as fragments derived from kininogen-1 (three peptides), fibrinogen-α, complement component C4-A/B, α-2-HS-glycoprotein and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4. 2-D scatter plots with combinations of the peptides found in the present study can be grouped for pregnant women with/without PIH, which would be satisfactory reflected for their status. Additionally, the levels of most of these peptides found were significantly decreased by albumin/IgG depletion prior to BLOTCHIP® analysis in accordance with conventional proteomics procedures. These results indicated that BLOTCHIP® analysis can be applied for discovery study of PIH biomarker candidates.

Past research suggests that members of devalued groups recognize their groups are discriminated against. Do the implicit responses of members of these groups demonstrate the same pattern? We argue that they do not and that this is due to a motivated protection of members of devalued groups' social identity. Study 1 demonstrates that, at an explicit level African-Canadians recognize that their group is discriminated against, but at an implicit level African-Canadians think that most people like their group to a greater extent than do European-Canadians. Study 2 replicates this implicit finding with Muslim participants while demonstrating that, when affirmed, this group difference disappears. Study 3 demonstrates that implicit normative regard can predict collective action over and above implicit attitudes and explicit normative regard. The implications for changing the status quo are discussed.

It is considered to be difficult to detect tetracycline antibiotics in all-at-once simultaneous analysis with other drugs by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, because tetracycline antibiotics chelate with bivalent metal ions such as calcium in samples. Therefore, we studied simultaneous determination of tetracycline antibiotics after removal of calcium with disodium ethylenediaminotetraacetate (EDTA-2Na). Tetracycline antibiotics could be assayed in all-at-once analysis by adding EDTA-2Na during the extraction procedure. It was possible to determine 65 veterinary drugs in milk, 70 in yogurt, 59 in whipped cream, 67 in cheese and 60 in ice cream. Recovery ranged from 70 to 120%, with a coefficient of variation of less than 25% and with a quantification limit of 0.01 microg/g (S/N>or=10).

We previously demonstrated that a novel hydrophilic gamma-tocopherol (gamma-Toc) derivative, gamma-tocopherol-N,N-dimethylglycinate hydrochloride (gamma-TDMG) converts to gamma-Toc in the mouse skin and has a higher bioavailability than gamma-Toc itself. In the present study, we determined whether gamma-TDMG could reduce photo-inflammation in mouse skin, and compared its effectiveness to that of alpha-Toc acetate (alpha-TA). Topical pre- or post-application of 5% gamma-TDMG significantly reduced the formation of edema and tempered the increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that were induced by a single dose of UV irradiation of 2 kJ/m2 (290-380 nm, maximum 312 nm). The pre-treatment of mouse skin with 10% alpha-TA had the same anti-inflammatory effect as did gamma-TDMG. In spite of same having the ability to reduce PGE2 levels, the effect of gamma-TDMG pre-treatment on the inhibition of COX-2 mRNA/protein expression was less than that seen with 10% alpha-TA. In contrast, the increase in COX-2 activity seen after UV exposure was reduced more by gamma-TDMG than by alpha-TA, suggesting that the reduction in PGE2 levels might have been due to the direct inhibition of COX-2 activity by gamma-TDMG-derived gamma-Toc. Both Toc derivatives strongly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and nitric oxide (NO) production, both of which play important roles in UV-induced inflammation. Both derivatives also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in response to UV exposure, though gamma-TDMG's ability in this regard was less than that seen with alpha-TA, which correlated with their abilities to suppress COX-2 expression. Thus, the gamma-TDMG-derived gamma-Toc acts as an antioxidant, suppresses iNOS expression and directly inhibits COX-2 activity, all of which likely play a role in mediating its suppressive effects on photo-inflammation. Our data further suggest that the topical application of gamma-TDMG, a novel hydrophilic gamma-Toc derivative, may be efficacious in preventing and reducing UV-induced inflammation in humans.

魚介類中に残留するキノロン系抗菌剤ミロキサシン（MLX）及びその主代謝物M-1の高速液体クロマトグラフィー（HPLC）を用いた定量法を構築した．MLXは光に対して不安定であり，比較的速やかに脱メトキシ体であるM-1に分解される．魚介類中のMLX及びM-1は，0.2％ メタリン酸-アセトニトリル（6 : 4，v/v）で抽出し，Oasis HLBカートリッジ（60 mg）で精製した．HPLC条件は，分離カラムにWakosil II 5C18-RS（150 × 4.6 mm），移動相に25 mMリン酸緩衝液（pH 2.5）-アセトニトリル（70 : 30，v/v）を用い，流量0.6 ml/minで送液した．また，検出には蛍光検出器を用い，波長は励起波長325 nm及び蛍光波長365 nmに設定した．本法による添加回収率（0.1 μg/g）はいずれも80.0% 以上であり，定量限界は0.01 μg/gであった．本法はミロキサシン及び代謝物の同時分析法として日常検査に用いることができる有用な分析法の一つと考える．

Two coping strategies-problem solving and social support seeking-were hypothesized to differentially moderate the effects of intergenerational family conflict on well-being and adjustment in a college sample of 117 Asian American young adult children. Results indicated that social support served as a protective-stabilizing factor that buffered the effects of family conflict on positive affect and somatic distress. Problem-solving coping served as a protective-reactive factor that had a positive effect on positive affect when family conflict was low and a negative effect when family conflict was high. The potential implications of these findings for counseling and conducting research on Asian American college students are discussed.

1. To clarify the possible role of tissue catecholamines in the development of hypertension, we investigated the effect of bilateral renal denervation on the catecholamine contents of central and peripheral tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. Norepinephrine (NE) content in renal cortex, renal medulla, and adrenal gland was higher in 7 week old SHR than age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Dopamine (DA) content in the brainstem and hypothalamus was also higher in SHR, but NE and epinephrine (EPI) content in these areas were not different between strains. Similar differences in catecholamines were observed in 9 week old rats in which a sham operation of bilateral renal denervation was performed 2 weeks previously. 3. Bilateral renal denervation produced an almost complete reduction of NE content in the kidney in both strains and prevented the development of hypertension. DA content in the brainstem was also decreased by renal denervation in SHR but not in WKY. NE and EPI content in central tissues were not affected by renal denervation. 4. These results suggest that DA content in brainstem area, as well as NE content in the kidney, have a relationship in the development of hypertension in SHR.

Development of rapid and high accuracy analysis, and tightening of regulations for veterinary drugs are required because many examples of detection of veterinary drugs in many kinds of processed food have been reported. In this study, we constructed an improved method for simultaneous determination of veterinary drugs, based on the glass bead homogenization method with EDTA-2Na and batch purification for QuEChERS analysis. Our extraction procedure is suitable for handling multiple samples quickly and easily. Furthermore, our improved extraction solvent allowed simultaneous determination of tetracyclines in processed food. In a test of 69 veterinary drugs, recovery of over 60 ranged from 70 to 120%, with a coefficient of variation of less than 25% and with quantification limits of 0.01 µg/g (S/N≥10 ). This improved method is expected to be useful for quick simultaneous determination of multiple residues.

This paper deals with the relationship between tobacco growth and organic matter content of soil in the sand-dune field in Yonago from 1964 to 1966. Results obtained were as follows; (1) The cultivation without manure reduced the yield of fluecured tobacco by about 10% in the non-manured fields for a year, and about 15% in the non-manured fields for two years as compared with the manured fields. (2) Fifty to sixty percent of added organic material was consumed for a year. Consumption of organic matter in the non-manured fields for one year was about 10% less than in the manured fields. Added organic matter in the non-manured fields was consumed perfectly for two years. (3) Organic nitrogen content in the soil varied according to organic matter content, NO3-N in the soil markedly decreased by early summer regardless of manure. The level of NO3-N in the manured soil was slightly higher than those without manure in the latter half stage of growth. (4) In the case without manure, nitrogen and magnesium uptake by tobacco plant were markedly decreased in the latter half stage of growth, and also dry weight of tobacco plant varied in parallel with nitrogen absorption. It is concluded that the manure serves as an important source of mineral nitrogen in the latter half stage of growth.

Tobacco plants were grown on the following three kinds of ridges. Soil temperature, soil moisture and growth of tobacco of these ridges were studied. The first was the high ridge thoroughly covered with polyethylene film (thoroughly mulched ridge), the second was the conventionally mulched ridge of normal height (mulched ridge), and the third was bare ridge of normal height (non-mulched ridge) .Maximum and average soil temperatures were the highest at the thoroughly mulched ridge, and the lowest at non-mulched one.At thoroughly mulched ridge water vapor evaporated at the soil surface was forced to go downward into the soil and the latent heat in the water vapor was changed into the sensible heat in the soil and raised soil temperature. At mulched ridge the downward movement of water vapor was not so large as at thoroughly mulched ridge, and the temperature raising effect of mulched ridge was relatively small. At non-mulched ridge water vapor ran into air and gave small influence on soil temperature.The influence of soil moisture increase on the thermal diffusivity was conspicuous at thoroughly mulched ridge.Average soil moisture during the tobacco cultivating period was the lowest at thoroughly mulched ridge and the change of soil moisture was the least at thoroughly mulched ridge.The quality of cured tobacco leaves was the best at thoroughly mulched ridge, and the worst at nonmulched ridge.

Numerous new palladium(II) complexes, Pd-(Aca.R)2, have been synthesized with β-ketoamines derived from acetylacetone and amines, where R represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, benzyl, phenyl, o-, m- and p-tolyl, and o, o′-xylidyl. It should be noted that when R denotes n-propyl or n-butyl, the palladium(II) complexes have been prepared successfully, although the free ligands can not be isolated in a pure form. This may be regarded as an example of the stabilization of a molecular configuration through co-ordination with a metal ion. The visible and ultraviolet spectra indicate that the palladium(II) complexes prepared in the present paper, which are considered to be square-planar in non-donor solvents as well as in the solid state, combine no additional pyridine molecules, even in pyridine. This is contrary to the previous observation that Ni(Aca.R)2 complexes combine two molecules of pyridine to form a sexaco-ordinated complex in pyridine.

Nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of β-ketoamines derived from acetylacetone or benzoylacetone and aromatic amines have been newly synthesized and characterized. The aromatic amines included aniline, o-, m- and p-toluidine, o,o′-dimethylaniline, o,o′-diethylaniline, o-, m- and p-chloroaniline, and α- and β-naphthylamine. The configurations of these complexes in pyridine have been examined and compared with those in non-donor solvents. All these complexes are considered to be square-planar in non-donor solvents and in the solid state. The nickel-(II) complexes of the o,o′-disubstituted derivatives do not combine with pyridine molecules, whereas the corresponding copper(II) complexes readily combine with the pyridine molecule. The difference between nickel(II) and copper(II) ions is discussed in terms of the bonding nature of the metal ions. The β-ketoamines and salicylideneimines are also compared.

Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of N-substituted salicylideneimines [I] and β-ketoimines [II], including a number of new compounds, have been prepared and their configuration examined mostly on the basis of their electronic spectra. The main results of the examination, which are summarized as follows, are understood in terms of the nature of the metalligand bond and of the electronic structure of the metal ions.