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The basic task of the transportation fleets is to carry personnel and cargo from one point to another according to the daily planned flight schedule. Mission-ready flight crews and aircrafts are needed to accomplish the task. The goal of this paper is to determine which factors affect the success of the daily planned flight schedule and how, and also to define a prediction model to estimate the success of the daily planned flight schedule in order to help making more precise flight schedule. In this study, the simulation model is designed by ARENA software; the inputs defined by the NOLH experiment design, and the outputs are transferred to Design-Expert software. The effects of the factors are analyzed by Design-Expert and the prediction model is defined by using Response Surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the importance of planning and scheduling of a mining operation become apparent, there has been an increasing use of sample data to estimate the grade and amount of material to be mined. Concordantly importance of reliable mineral resource and reserve estimations has increased. Since the start of the modern mining era by the JORC Code, there has been an increasing tendency to regulate estimation and public reporting of mineral resources and reserves. These codes do not attempt to regulate either the method of estimation of the resource/ore reserve or the classification technique, but rather provide a system for estimation and classification of tonnage and grade estimates according to geological confidence and technical/economic considerations. These reporting standards are considered by stock exchanges and finance organizations to represent best practice and form the minimum standard for public reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and ore reserves. The national reporting codes are involved in international negotiations on reciprocity of reporting definitions and standards which have been underway for some years and are still ongoing. Meanwhile, stock exchange listing rules now define a "recognized mining professional" in similar terms to a CP, except that the person must have "membership of a recognized overseas professional body that has agreed to sanction the person if the person does not comply with rules". This review paper has been written to summarize the latest developments in mineral resource estimation and reporting practices, describe some best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to model the test day milk yields via time series methodology and to determine the number of test days which provide the most accurate forecasts. For this purpose, 10700 test day records belonging to 1070 dairy cattle were used. Data were divided into two groups of 5350 records in each. One set of observations was used to model parameters, while the remaining was used for evaluating the forecast power of the model and for determining the number of test day records which provide the most accurate forecasts. ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,1,1) 10model was determined to be suitable and it was used to obtain the. forecast values. The expression of the model using estimated parameter values is (1-B10)1yt, = [(1-0.99129B10)/(1-0.36889B-0.06934B)(1-0.08352B,0)]at. Statistically significant and high correlations were determined between the actual and forecast values. The results indicated that the time series approach can be useful for prediction of milk yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between capacity utilization rate and inflation rate is investigated for Turkey by using both OLS and Kalman filter analysis. The data used in this study are monthly and cover the periods of 1991-2006 and 2007-2012. Supply shocks are added to the model by following McElhattan (1985). In this paper, the non-accelerating inflation rate of capacity utilization is estimated for Turkey. According to findings, this rate takes values between 76-79 % on average. In addition, supply shocks do not adversely affect the positive relationship between capacity utilization rate and inflation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Georeferencing is a mandatory issue at many applications where the satellite images are used. Georeferencing is based on a transformation between images and objects coordinate systems, and parametric, semi parametric and non-parametric mathematical models are preferred for this issue. A semi-parametric model, i.e. sensor-based RFM (Rational Functional Model) suggested by the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) is subjected in this paper. Some theoretical background about the general equation, the estimation of coefficients, the distortions carried and their removing, the simplification of RFMs thanks to the special characteristics of coefficients and also the various adjustment models will be presented at first. Then, the georeferencing accuracies of a mono IKONOS panchromatic image covering Zonguldak test field having an undulating and mountainous topography will be presented using 22 GCPs via a computation package called GeoFigcon derived in Matlab environment by the author. If a bias compensation is applied, the accuracies are mx = ±0.4 pixel, my = ±0.5 pixel when 1st degree RFM is preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, artificial neural networks (ANN) method that is most widely used in water resources engineering in recent years was used to estimate sediment. The various ANN models were developed by using the monthly flow data of Yamula station for 1973-2003 years on the Kızılırmak River as input parameters. Examining the developed models, it was shown that the ANN method can be used for estimation of the sediment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is investigated that the technical efficiency scores of the firms, which operated in the non-life insurance sector between 2008 and 2010. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model is applied in order to determine the technical efficiency scores of the firms. This study covers 28 firms, which were operating in the non-life insurance sector. The efficient firms, the inefficient firms and the average efficiency level are determined. Also, the amounts of changes, which the inefficient firms should make in their input and output levels to be effective, are estimated. The findings show that the average efficiency level in the non-life insurance sector increased in 2009 when compared to 2008 and it decreased in 2010 when compared to 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blocking in desing of experiments is used to increase accuracy of effect estimation and reduce systematic variation. Choice of optimal blocking schemes for 2n-k designs in 2q blocks based on minimum aberration and minimum moment aberration criterion. In this study, blocking schemes in blocked two level fractional designs were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin roof shielding has represented a serious problem that plagued a number of accelerators, because in most cases sufficient shielding must be provided in the horizontal direction. Skyshine is the term used for radiation (usually neutrons) that originates near the surface of the earth with an upward velocity and then is scattered back by the molecules in the atmosphere. The public around the accelerator may be irradiated. To estimate this exposure, tabulated solutions of the transport of neutrons through the air are frequently used. In this study, we calculated the dose values as a function of distance of skyshine radiation from high-energy accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of global solar radiation and its temporal distribution are the primary variables for designing solar energy systems, such as flat-plate collectors, photovoltaic systems and other solar energy collecting devices. Knowledge of these parameters is essential to architects and engineers for energy-efficient building designs and solar energy applications. However, direct measuring is not available in many cases, so numerical technique becomes an effective alternative to estimate global radiation through observed meteorological data. In this study, some empirical models in the literature for determining the monthly average daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface for Isparta were investigated. The models were compared on the basis of statistical error tests using the relative percentage error (e), coefficient of determination (R2), mean percentage error (MPE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the sum of the square of relative error (SSRE), the relative standard error (RSE), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and t-statistic (t-stat) method. According to the results, Model 18c showed the best estimation of the global solar radiation on a horizontal surface of Isparta by means of the e (1.77%), R2(95.86%), MPE (0.127%), MAPE (8.95%), SSRE (5.22%), RSE (0.007%), MBE (0.092%), RMSE (1.39%) and t-stat (0.812%). The most suitable model for estimating global solar radiation coming on horizontal surface of Isparta is obtained with Model 18c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the biased estimators for the shape parameter of classical Pareto distribution by using the maximum likelihood estimator and the unbiased estimator are proposed. Mean square errors of these biased estimators are smaller than mean square errors of maximum likelihood estimator and the unbiased estimator. Then the unbiased estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator are compared with obtained biased estimators by means of simulation study and conclusions are interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goodness of fit of a statistical model tests how well it fits a set of observations. In this study, some goodness of fit tests called Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Anderson- Darling, Jarque Bera tests and also the tests given by Zhang(2002), Esteban et al.(2007) are investigated. In addition, a power comparison is made to determined which tests under what circumstances they are superior to the others. These test are compared under symmetrical and nonsymmetrical distributions over (-∞,∞) and (0, ∞). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, variance components are estimated using different methods for some egg yield traits in a Japanese quail flock that is thought to be bred in terms of egg yield trait. In the study, sexual maturity age (EOY), sexual maturity weight (EOA), egg weight (YA) and egg yield (YV) traits measured on quails are used. Variance-covariance components for these traits are estimated using REML (restricted maximum likelihood), Gibbs Sampling, ML (maximum likelihood) and MIVQUE (minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation) methods and the estimations of multiple-trait genetic parameters are obtained. The smallest error variance is obtained with Gibbs sampling, which also gave the most unbiased results. BLUP values belonging to each quail are estimated by using the variance-covariance matrices, obtained from the four different methods, in the mixed model equations. Heritabilities were estimated in the range of 0.28-0.38 for EOA, 0.18-0.21 for EOY, 0.36-0.43 for YA and 0.38-0.43 for YV. The highest positive genetic correlation was estimated between EOY and YA traits using all four estimation methods. Spearman rank correlation values between BLUP values obtained using different variance-covariance matrices are obtained in the range of 0.90-0.99 for EOY, 0.96-0.99 for EOA, 0.97-0.99 for YA and 0.96-0.99 for YV. It was thought to be appropriate to use the variance-covariance components, which were obtained via Gibbs sampling approach, in mixed model equaitons in estimation of breeding value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important problems that the developing countries face is the defıciency of savings. This problem has oriented the countries to benefıt from foreign sources and foreign direct investments. Hence, both developed and developing countries strive densely to attract foreign direct investments in their own countries. The reason behind this attempt is the wish to exploit capital, new technology and the increase of the employment provided by the foreign direct investments. In this study, the effects on the economic growth of the foreign direct investments for Turkish economy in the period of 1980-2008, are analyzed by using econometric methods. Two variables, gross domestic product and foreign direct investment, are involved in the analysis. Time series datas related to the variables have been tested by ADF unit root test and the results have shown that the first difference values of the two variables are stationary. Granger causality test has been applied to determine the causality relationship between the variables and one-way causality relationship from foreign direct investments to economic growth has been found. Moreover, EG cointegration test has been applied to the variables and it has been observed that both of them are cointegrated. The estimation results have shown that foreign direct investments create the positive effects on the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, estimation of 305 days milk yield of Holstein cows raised in a Private enterprise of Karapınar district of Konya Province using their partial lactation records was aimed. A total of 105 first lactation records were used as the research of the study. 305 day milk yield was found to be 5997 ± 107.95 liters. Estimated milk yields by Holland methods and partial lactation records (30, 61, 91, 122, 152, 183, 213, 244 and 274) day were changed between 5788 ± 92.42 and 6198 ± 118.38, the difference between them was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Average lactation length and actual milk yield were 312 ± 4.37 and 6369 ± 149, respectively. By the way, there were statistically significant and higher correlation coefficients among actual 305 days milk yield, estimated milk yields by Holland methods and milk yields estimated by partial lactation records as 0.681-0.984 and 0.701-0.979, respectively (P<0.01). At the end of the study, it was stated that the 305 days milk yield could be estimated easily by using the first 30 days lactation records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, employment impact of foreign trade was investigated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach with manufacturing industry data of Turkey for the period of 1988:1-2007:3. Results of this study showed that while trade had no significant impact on employment in the long run, both exports and imports had positive and significant impact on employment in the short run for the period of analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we calculate the different goodness of fit measures for both logit and probit model and compare the results. The findings of the study indicate that there are large numerical differences between the different measures. The results show that it is obviously important to ensure it is the same measure when comparing the goodness of fit values from the same estimation method on different data sets and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, calculation of the spatial distribution of seismicity parameters and seismic hazard is implemented for the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. For this purpose, the earthquakes of magnitude of M≥4 occurred in the time period between 1964-2008 were used in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. For the estimation of seismicity parameters and its mapping, the study area is divided into 253 circular subregion. For each area, the parameters a and b in the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation were calculated by the least squares and the newly developed Kaltek method. The results obtained from the both methods were compared with each other. However, the b-value map prepared with the Kaltek method presented a better consistency with the regional tectonics. In the region, minimum, maximum and average b-value were calculated to be equal to bmin=0.8, bmax=l.26 and bavr=1, respectively. Finally, the return period and occurrence probability of M≥6,5 earthquake in the 100-year period were calculated using the Poisson distribution. An occurrence probability of 70-75% and a return period of less than 50 years were found for the Erzincan-Erzurum- Muş-Elaziğ area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In controller design, it is essential to achieve stability of the closed-loop system and various performance specifications. Frequency domain criteria such as gain margin, phase margin and H8 norms of the closed-loop transfer functions as well as time domain criteria such as settling time, rise time and overshoot can be counted among important performance specifications. Most of the controllers used in the practical world are low order controllers such as P, PI and PID controllers. It is possible to see that methods for finding stabilizing low order compensators can be considered in three main categories: methods based on Nyquist theorem, methods based on a generalized version of the Hermite- Biehler theorem, and methods based on parameter space and the concept of singular frequencies. Robust stabilization of continuous time single-input single-output (SISO) linear time invariant (LTI) systems with multiplicative uncertainties is considered in this study. In particular, it has been shown that all P and PI controllers that robustly stabilize a given uncertain SISO LTI system can be found by utilizing a generalization of the Nyquist theorem and the parameter space approach, respectively. The generalization of Nyquist stability criterion suggests to determine the number of the unstable poles for gain intervals obtained by calculating the location and direction of the crossing of the Nyquist plot with the real axis. A stable characteristic polynomial, whose roots are in the left half plane, becomes unstable if and only if at least one root crosses the imaginary axis. The parameter values of the root crossing form the stability boundaries in the parameter space, which can be classified into three cases: the real root boundary, where a root crosses the imaginary axis at the origin (substitute s= jw and w = 0 in the characteristic polynomial), the infinite root boundary, where a root leaves the left half plane at infinity (for w → ∞ ) and the complex root boundary, where a pair of conjugate complex roots crosses the imaginary axes (for 0< w<∞). These stability boundaries separate regions in which the number of closed loop system unstable poles do not change in the parameter space. Sometimes, it is not possible to represent uncertainties in a system model with parametric uncertainties. Such uncertainties are usually encapsulated in a norm bounded system block that acts on a nominal system in an additive or multiplicative manner. Although it is possible to find robust controllers that can stabilize systems with such uncertainties by the help of H∞ control theory, the resulting compensators are usually of high order (at least as high as the order of the plant) and therefore impractical in many cases. Several attempts exist to put constraints on the order of H∞ controllers in the literature. However, many of these approaches suffer from computational intractability.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between trade volume and Istanbul Stock Exchange composite index (ISE-100) return volatility for the period 1990-2008 by including the trade volume and the day of the week effect in to the GARCH, EGARCH and TGARCH models. The findings indicate the presence of the day of the week effect and leverage effect on return volatility. The estimation results of the GARCH and TGARCH models show that the effect of trade volume on return volatility is significant in the statistical sense but not positive. These findings provide strong evidence against the validity of Sequential Arrival Information and Mixed Distribution hypothesis in ISE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is tried to predict the market shares of the largest three companies in the white goods sector in Turkey through the use of the analytic network process. These companies are highly competitive in the white goods sector. To attract new customers and to retain the current ones, they have to compete by setting reasonable prices, produce high quality products and expand their service networks. In line with the sequence of analytic network process, first of all, an estimation of market share problem has been structured and modeled. Next, it is assessed the importance of the factors affected the market share and it is estimated the market shares of the white goods companies in Turkey using analytic network process. The estimated market share values have been compared with actual ones for the validation of the decision model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Element free Galerkin method is one of many numerical methods which was applied to various engineering systems. Therefore, in this study two linear elastic rods having solid cross sections were investigated for different loading conditions. The problem considered in the analysis is one dimensional linear elastic cantilever rods and rods are subjected to axial loads f(x)=x and f(x)=0 [ f(l)=1]. Moving least square approximation was used as shape functions. Shape functions were applied to one and two dimensional solution domains, and plotted. In this paper, axial displacement values obtained by using element free Galerkin method which proposed and used by researchers for approximating the solution were compared with analytical solution. As a result, it was found that element free Galerkin method is an effective and trustworthy numerical solution method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatigue strength evaluation and fatigue strength proof of the welded joints generally is divided into two main concepts, as nominal concept and local concept. These both concepts, depending on the method used and loading conditions allow estimating the fatigue strength of the welded joints. In this study, structural stress concept on the fatigue strength evaluation of the welded joints is handled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamentals of the Research: In the presence of outlier(s), the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) can be affected and gives misleading results. The common applications of OLS and the frequent existence of outliers in researches require to be tended to use resistant estimators in every statistical work. Purpose of the Research: Hence the purposes of this study are to introduce some high breakdown robust estimation techiques that are alternative to OLS, to investigate the effects of outliers on OLS and robust estimators and lastly diagnose of outliers. Main Discussion and Results: In case of having atypical and infrequent observations, OLS estimation results, standard errors and confidence intervals are affected badly. Whereas reliable results and outlier diagnosis can be attained with robust estimators. The consequences of robust and sensitive estimators on demographically structured data are analyzed within the context of this subject. These consequences are also ascertained in some of the data set which provide two-dimensional plots with a visual perception. Furthermore, diagnosed outliers in data verify the past demographic statistics' summaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, recursive least squares method (RLSM) that is one of the adaptable classical methods was used. Firstly forgetting factor was adapted to RLSM. Phase information of voltage signal belonging to an electric power network that contains harmonics and spike was obtained by developed approach. Then responses of the algorithm were investigated for voltage collapse, phase shift and spike. Simulation was implemented by using MATLAB® code. Results of simulation were examined and efficiency of method was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplier selection problem is a multi-criteria decision making(MCDM) problem which includes both tangible and intangible factors. In this study, supplier selection problem was investigated at a firm that performed in manufacturing industry. Supplier selection problem of a company is examined using Analytic Network Process (ANP) and priorities of alternative suppliers are calculated. ANP is used as a method for getting an effective and realistic solution because the problem has many criteria, complexity, outerdependencies, interdependencies, and feedbacks. By using ANP methodology three alternative suppliers were evaluated and the best alternative was selected. In addition, some suggestions for the future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that adaptive estimation models are used in different time intervals of the motion projection of maneuvering targets. In this study Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimation technique is implemented and its performance is tested on an air traffic control track simulation. IMM algorithm is a second degree Bayesian estimation technique and an adaptive estimation model. Air traffic control entity motion is initially simulated with a constant speed of 125 m/s motion for 100 seconds then turned to the left with a 30 ° with a 3 m/s angular speed for 30 seconds and finally finished its motion with a constant speed of 125 m/s for 70 seconds. Then a sensor is placed on a specific coordinate to measure the trajectory motion of the air traffic entity. For the measurements and process simulated Gaussian noise is added during the calculations. The simulated air traffic control entity's motion trajectory and the measurements of the sensor are initially modelled with Interacting Multiple Model-Linear (IMM-L) technique, then Interacting Multiple Model-Coordinated Turn (IMM-CT) and finally they are modelled with a Kalman filter. According to the results the best estimate matches of the motion trajectory of the air traffic control entity is generated by IMM-CT, then Kalman Filter and finally IMM-L algorithms subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new estimation concept for semiparametric regression models based on smoothing splines has been introduced in Eubank et al. (1998). The two different approaches based on smoothing splines have been compared by Schimek (2000) according to this estimation concept. In this study, the estimation of the semiparametric regression model is performed with two different approaches called partial splines of Green and Silverman and Speckman's approach and compared with the estimations of the ordinary least squares. The smoothing parameter is selected via generalized cross-validation in smoothing splines and inferences have been discussed for both the parametric and the nonparametric part of the model. For this purpose an application is performed by using a program coded in MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regression analysis, if there are some kind of relation (multicollinearity) between independent variables, the Least Squares estimation method may lead to the use of wrong models and hence to wrong findings out of the model. Various methods have been devised in order to carry out regression analysis with such independent variables which exhibit dependence on each other. One of such methods is the biased estimation methods. In this study, it has been studied on the necessary and sufficient conditions of biased estimators based on Ridge estimator to be at least efficient as much as the Least Squares estimator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods are developed to design experiment with lots of factors and levels and to obtain factors effects. This methods are organized to design experiment with all trial combinations and to estimate the effects. Appropriate design method must be selected to obtain the best estimator. 2k design and 3k design are different with respect to estimators. Unlike 2k design, 3k design has alliase problem. It is thought that this problem results from interaction components. Alliase problem cause abberation in estimation. Unlike the classical Fractional Factorial Design, Taguchi Design is enable to observe alliase problem on orthogonal array. Therefore, Tahuchi Design put forward an idea about which defining relation must be use and which alliases must be ignored. Consequently, Taguchi Design is enable to design experiment to obtain the best estimations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, different regression models have been discussed for investigation of the relationships among house rents and trait variables in Eskişehir. According to statistical analysis, it is concluded that some of the explanatory variables have had linear and some of them have had nonparametric effect on house rents. Thus, the model has obtained as semiparametric adittive regression model that contain a few nonparametric components in additon to parametric linear components. It is observed that suitable semiparametric adittive regression model is significant, and given better results than parametric linear and semiparmetric models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on one observation X from a N(θ, θ) distribution where θ(> 0) is an unknown parameter, this article provides an exact expression of the minimum variance unbiased estimator of θ based on the complete and sufficient statistic ∣X∣. Even though N(θ, θ) belongs to a one-parameter exponential family, I discuss some small surprises and intricacies that are worth noting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of the parameters of the mixed model has become commonplace, even becoming the default option in many statistical software packages. However, a review of the literature indicates a need to update and clarify model selection techniques under REML, as ambiguities exist on the appropriateness of existing information criteria in this setting. A simulation study as well as an application assisted in gaining an understanding of the performance of information criteria in selecting the best model when using REML estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses methodology for deriving the asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters in accelerated life tests (ALTs) when the form of the stress-life relationship is misspecified. If the practitioner can describe possible departures from an assumed ALT model, often linear in the appropriately transformed accelerating variable, then the results here can be used to obtain ALT plans that provide protection against potential bias and loss in estimation efficiency. General results are derived for log location-scale distributions and time-censored data, whereas specific results are presented for the lognormal and Weibull distributions. In a practical ALT situation, the methodology is applied to derive robust test plans based on minimizing asymptotic bias, asymptotic variance, or asymptotic mean squared error. Test plans are evaluated in terms of bias, efficiency, extrapolation to use level, and expected number failing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 3484 milk yield records (1520 first, 1206 second and 758 third lactations) obtained from 1816 cows born between 1990 and 1997 in the Holstein-Friesian herd of Ceylanpınar State Farm were used to estimate the heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations between lactation milk yields using an individual animal model and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. In the model studied, 305-day milk yields were used and individual animal effects were assumed to be a random effect, calving year and calving months were fixed effects, and calving age (as months) was a covariate, and all of these factors affected milk yields in a statistically significant manner (P < 0.01). Means of 305-day milk yields for the first, second and third lactations were 5046.3 ± 31.13 kg, 5175.8 ± 37.02 kg and 5268.2 ± 47.32 kg, respectively. Heritabilities for the first, second and third lactations' milk yields were 0.297 ± 0.025, 0.369 ± 0.027 and 0.359 ± 0.034, respectively. Genetic correlations between the first and second, first and third, and second and third lactations were positive and statistically significant (0.738 ± 0.017, 0.632 ± 0.022 and 0.742 ± 0.024, respectively). Furthermore, for the same pairs of lactation numbers indicated above, phenotypic correlations were also positive and statistically significant (0.569 ± 0.021, 0.487 ± 0.052 and 0.542 ± 0.031, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Monte Carlo Simulation tecnique is used in order to forecast sales demand a chosen company by using the firm's past and present data. The simulated values are compared with firm's real data. As the result is satisfactory the firm's next year's montly sales demand are also forcasded by the same technique in the same way. Finally, the results are tested by using statistics technıque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]