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This study set out to determine the effects of Salvia officinalis L., commonly known as sage, on the chemical composition of the essential oil, its free radical scavenging activity (IC50), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value, and antimicrobial properties. According to the results of the GC-MS analysis, 3-thujen-2-one, (26,21%), (+)-2-bornanone (16.47%), and 1,8-cineole (15.09%) were the compounds with the highest percentage in the sage essential oil. In addition, the essential oil showed high antioxidant activity, providing an IC50 value of 5.507 ± 0.723 mg/ml and a FRAP value of 2.129 ± 0.136 mM/g. The findings of the agar disc diffusion test demonstrated that the highest inhibition zones were against Bacillus cereus NRRL B3711 and Bacillus subtilis PY79 bacteria, whereas the lowest antimicrobial effect was shown against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Similarly, sage essential oil showed the highest antimicrobial effect in the broth dilution test with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.94 mg/ml against Bacillus cereus NRRL B3711, while its effectiveness against Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 bacteria was the lowest with a MIC value of 23.5 mg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Natura & Scientia is the property of Semih Kale and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the study carried out to determine whether peppermint essential oils have lethal effects on Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), 5 different peppermint oils obtained by distillation method were applied to fourth instar larvae at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 µl/ml, and the numbers of live and dead individuals were checked and recorded at 24-hour intervals. Because of the experiment, the highest mortality rate in Mentha arvensis essential oil-treated individuals was determined as 30.56% on day 9 in 0.10 µl/ml dose-treated individuals. In M. dumetorum essential oil-treated individuals, the highest mortality rate was 23.33% on day 3 in 0.01 µl/ml dose-treated individuals. As for in M. pulegium essential oil-treated individuals, this rate was 25.93%. The highest effect of M. spicata essential oil was observed on day 7 with a rate of 32.31% in 0.10 µl/ml dose-treated individuals. In M. suaveolens essential oil-treated individuals, the highest mortality rate was 18.7% in 0.01 µl/ml dose-treated individuals on day 7. According to the data obtained in the study, it was understood that the effect of essential oils was higher than the control, but there were no statistically significant differences between each other. The study obtained data that could form ideas for future studies. Considering that, the adverse effects of herbal extracts on the environment and human health are either none or extremely low, it was thought that the potential of using mint extracts against L. decemlineata as an alternative to chemical pesticides could be increased with detailed studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyme is a perennial herb that grows in temperate climatic regions of the world. The essential oils of the plant, which has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, are responsible for both its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The composition of volatile components differs from species to species, and these differences create specific taste and odor for each species. The GC-MS method is frequently used in the characterization of essential oils, and the method needs to be modified according to the column type and length used, the furnace temperature program, and the characteristics of the carrier gas. The fact that the essential oil components have different evaporation points has necessitated the use of different furnace temperature programs. In some studies, the essential oil components of the same sample were examined in columns with different polarities and it was determined that there was a change in the number of the detected components. Although the concentration of essential oil components varies according to the harvest season of thyme, the geographical and climatic characteristics of the region where it grows, it has been revealed in many studies that the dominant essential oil components among the species are similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa controls the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation properties with the Quorum sensing (QS) communication system, which is a kind of intercellular communication system. Studies have been carried out on the control of pathogenic bacteria by blocking or directing this communication system with different synthetic or natural molecules. Herbal essential oils, which have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities because of their active molecules, have great potential in this sense. In this study, the inhibitory effects of rose essential oil, its major components (citronellol, geraniol, and nerol), and a combination of these three components (CGN) on the intercellular communication (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 strain were investigated. As a result of the study, it was determined that rose essential oil inhibited the swarming motility for the P. aeruginosa PA01 strain by 83%, and the inhibition by citronellol, geraniol, nerol, and a mixture CGN was in the range of 61-75%. For P. aeruginosa PA01 strain, biofilm formation was suppressed by rose essential oil by 54-68%, citronellol, geraniol, nerol, and mixture CGN by 10-15%. It was important that rose essential oil inhibited the swarming motility and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa at a higher rate than the essential components of rose oil. The results of this study showed that citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and CGN had anti-QS activity for P. aeruginosa strain, but rose essential oil had a potential to be used in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of preharvest salicylic acid (SA) treatments on some oil quality and characteristics of fresh thyme (Origanum onites L.) during storage were investigated. The thyme plants were grouped in three blocks for each SA treatment in an orchard. The first group of plants was treated with 1.5 mM SA 20 days before the bloom stage. The second and third group thymes were treated with 1.5 mM SA and only tap water (control), respectively, 10 days before full bloom. The thyme plants harvested at the full bloom stage were transported immediately to the laboratory. The thyme samples were placed in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) bags and were stored at 1°C and 90 ± 3% relative humidity (RH) for 25 days. Weight loss, leaf color, respiration rate, gas composition in MAP, ethylene production, essential oil and carvacrol content, and sensory quality of thymes were determined during cold storage. SA-treated thymes gave better visual quality, respiration rate, carvacrol content, and ethylene production than the control. As a result, it was determined that preharvest SA treatment could be a promising tool for delaying quality losses in thyme during storage in MAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovian dragon) is used in traditional medicine in many countries as a stomach relaxant, digestive facilitator, sedative, as well as in the treatment of heart diseases, vascular occlusion, blood pressure, migraine, headache and toothache. While many species belong to the genus Dracocephalum in the flora of our country, the species D. moldavica does not grow naturally. There are no studies on the cultivation of the plant in Turkey. Planting frequency and harvesting time are cultivation factors that have important effects on plant yield and quality. For these reasons, it was aimed to investigate the effects of planting densities (40×25 cm and 60×25 cm) and harvest times (pre-flowering and full flowering) on yield and quality characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldovan dragon). According to the results of the research conducted in 2017, the effect of planting frequency on the number of branches, fresh and culinary herb, culinary leaf yield, the effect of harvest time on plant height, fresh herb, culinary herb, culinary herb, culinary leaf yield, and essential oil ratio was found to be statistically significant; the effect of the interaction was not found to be significant on the studied traits. As a result of the research; plant height values: 57.91-63.08 cm, number of branches 8-12 pieces/plant, fresh herb yield 537.26-791.54 kg da-1, dry leaf yield 65.36-122.23 kg da-1, dry herb yield 124.05-194.41 kg da-1, essential oil content 0.276-0.375%. All traits analyzed in terms of harvest time increased during the full flowering period. The highest values of plant height, fresh herb, culm leaf and herb yield were obtained at 40x25 planting density. The main components of essential oil were geranyl acetate (53.635-54.723%), gerenial (16.229-17.396%), neral (11.729-12.661%), geraniol (5.780-6.623%) with a total of 88.203-88.955%. The high rate of geranyl acetate suggests that the plant can be used as a natural source of geranyl acetate in Çukurova conditions. In line with the data we obtained, the most suitable harvest time for Moldovan dragon is recommended as full flowering period and the most suitable planting density is recommended as 40×25 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: These days when the world's resources are in danger, the resources of many products are slowly being depleted. Essential oils and medicinal aromatic plants are also among the products whose resource is depleted. This study aims to analyze the statements, studies, and awareness of companies that trade in the field of essential oils on sustainability. For this purpose, medicinal aromatic plants whose sources are in danger and companies operating in this field have been determined. Then, the sustainability statements of these companies were analyzed and their studies on this subject were examined. When researching endangered oils reveals that some plants such as sandalwood, frankincense, myrrh, and rosewood have emerged because they were collected from limited sources in regions of the world suffering from severe drought conditions. During the company analysis, titles such as responsible production, organic agriculture, certification, environmentally-friendly transportation and packaging, and the importance given to animal rights were taken as a basis. The awareness of companies in these areas was examined. As a result of the evaluation of the information found, it has been seen that the companies do not have many statements about sustainability in general. In addition, it has been determined that there is not much difference between exporting and non-exporting firms. ÖZ: Dünya kaynaklarının önemli derecede tehlikede olduğu ve sürdürülebilirlik kaygısının giderek arttığı bu günlerde, yavaş yavaş pek çok ürünün tükenmesi olasılığı ile karşı karşıyayız. Esansiyel yağlar ve tıbbi aromatik bitkiler de kaynağı tükenen ürünler arasında yer almakta. Bu çalışmanın amacı esansiyel yağlar alanında faaliyet gösteren firmaların sürdürülebilirlik alanındaki beyanları, çalışmaları ve farkındalığını analiz etmektir. Ayrıca bu amaçla kaynakları tehlikede olan tıbbi aromatik bitkiler ve bu alanda faaliyet gösteren firmalar tespit edilmiştir. Ardından bu firmalar ve esansiyel yağ ihracatı yapan markaların sürdürülebilirlik beyanlarını incelemek ve haber analizi yapmak yoluyla sürdürülebilirlik konusundaki farkındalıkları, tutumları ve faaliyetleri ortaya koyulmuştur. Firma analizleri sırasında sorumlu üretim, organik tarım, sertifikasyon, atık yönetimi, çevre dostu nakliye ve paketleme, hayvan haklarına verilen önem gibi başlıklar esas alınmıştır. Firmaların bu alanlardaki farkındalığı incelenmiştir. Bulunan bilgilerin değerlendirilmesi neticesinde, genel olarak firmaların sürdürülebilirlik konusunda fazla beyanlarının olmadığı görülmüştür. Sürdürülebilirlik alanındaki beyanların incelenmesinin ardından, ihracat yapan ve yapmayan şirketler özelinde karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda ihracat yapan ve ihracat yapmayan firmalar arasında sürdürülebilirliğe dair farkındalığa sahip olunması ve beyan yapılması konusunda çok fazla fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında; ülkemiz ihracatında önemli paya sahip ve sürdürülebilirlik tehdidi ile karşı karşıya olan esansiyel yağların üretici ve satıcılarına yönelik daha fazla bilgilendirme yapılması ve de farkındalık oluşması için bu çabaların sürekli ve geniş bir kesimi kapsayıcı şekilde olması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Tarım Bakanlığı yönetiminde ülkemizde yürütülecek çalışmalar çok büyük ilerleme yaratacaktır.

Medicinal aromatic plants have been used for thousands of years as the main source of medicines and the basis of systematic traditional medicines. Achillea sp., which is in the Asteraceae family, is one of the most widely used medicinal and aromatic plants for the treatment of various diseases. The most well-known plant of the Achillea species is A. millefolium. A. millefolium is used to treat a variety of skin conditions and digestive disorders. In addition to its medicinal uses, it is also used in the field of cosmetics and veterinary medicine. Monoterpene 1,8-cineol is a well-known terpenoid oxide and is also a component of other essential oils with a relevant relevance for clinical effects. Many biological activities are known, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, mucolytic/secretolytic, bronchodilator, antiviral and antimicrobial effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the essential oil composition of the Achillea millefolium (yarrow) plant grown in Sivas. In the study, the essential oil content of the plant was determined and it was determined that the 1,8-cineol (19.33%) compound was higher than the other essential oils found in the Achillea millefolium plant. In the studies, Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) was used for plant essential oil analysis. In the plant, 15 essential oil components were determined and presented in detail in our article. In addition, the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the essential oil of the plant were determined. Inhibition diameters of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium species were found to be 0.891, 0.763, and 0.529 mm, respectively. Similarly, the inhibition rate of essential oil against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, and Penicillium digitatum was found to be 34.91%, 21.47%, and 23.08%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, chitosan based films were produced and the most suitable formula in terms of surface properties was determined. The characterization of the film layer was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analyses. Different concentrations of tea tree and/or lemon balm essential oil were added to this formula and their antimicrobial activities were compared. When the films were evaluated in terms of microstructure, they formed a homogeneous and flexible surface structure. Antimicrobial activities of films were tested on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae NRRLB 4420, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51289, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Bacillus subtilis NRS 744, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 11778 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The tested film structures showed an antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic microorganisms. It has been determined that essential oils increase the antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of biologically active compounds obtained from plants is among the most researched subjects recently. The fact that the flora of Turkey has a very rich structure shows that it is important to research the plants that grow in this geography. In this study, essential oils obtained from 3 taxa of Hypericum genus, which has an old and widespread use as a chemical component and an important medicinal plant, were investigated in terms of their antibacterial effects. Hypericum spectabile Jaub. & Spach (endemic species), Hypericum scabrum L., Hypericum venustum Fenzl. the essential oils of the species were obtained by using the distillation method. The antibacterial effects of these obtained oils are known to be resistant to many drugs in vitro; Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13075), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Serratia marcescens (ATCC 13880) pathogenic bacteria. Different extraction extracts of the species were analyzed using the well agar test for antibacterial activity against various microorganisms. It was observed that all extracts showed varying rates (4.80±0.87-27.73±1.27 mm) activity against all tested pathogen strains. These species can be shown among the newly evaluated species in the literature in terms of antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of Saturaje hortensis L. (çibriska) essential oil, which grows naturally in Erzurum, and is known as the Koç herb plant, against soft rot in potato under in vitro conditions. Bacterial isolates were obtained from potato tubers showing disease symptoms collected from different districts of Erzurum and Erzincan provinces. Bacterial isolates obtained; pathogenicity test, hypersensitivity test and diagnosis (with Microbial diagnosis system (MIS) and Biolog systems) were performed. Essential oil was obtained from S. hortensis collected from Erzurum (Şenkaya) province by hydrodistillation method. The antibacterial effect of essential oil was tested against pathogenic bacteria isolates by disk diffusion method in petri dishes. Commercial antibiotics Rifampicin and Gentamicin were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. As a result of the study, 10 bacterial isolates were obtained and pathogenicity test and hypersensitivity reaction test of all isolates were positive. As a result of diagnosis of pathogenic bacterial isolates by MIS, Enterobacter cloacae (7 strain) and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (3 strain). It has been observed that the test results of the MIS and Biolog diagnostic systems do not support each other. It has been determined that the essential oil inhibits the growth of bacterial isolates by 20-33.5 mm. The highest inhibition zone of essential oil was determined against F-37 (P. c. subsp. carotovorum, 33.5 mm) isolate, and the lowest zone of inhibition was determined against F-11 (E. cloacae, 20 mm) isolate. It was determined that the antibiotic susceptibility test in created an inhibition zone between Rifampicin 0-10 mm and Gentamicin 14.5-20.5 mm. It has been observed that the essential oil of S. hortensis has a bactericidal effect against different pathogenic bacteria isolates, but the antibiotics used either do not have any effect or have only inhibitory properties. As a result, it is thought that the use of S. hortensis essential oil against soft rot pathogens will be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of propagation materials (cut planting and seedling planting method) on yield and quality characteristics of oil rose. In the study, which was carried out according to the experimental design of divided plots, flower harvesting was carried out in the plots at the beginning of flowering, in the middle and at the end. According to the harvest times, flower diameter, petal content and 100 flower weights decreased from the beginning to the end of flowering. While flower yield was highest in the mid-flowering period, no difference was observed in flower yield according to propagation materials. The essential oil content decreased during the flowering period and the highest was obtained from the cutting planting method compared to the propagation materials. The essential oil yield was higher in the cutting planting method. When the essential oil components were examined, the content of ß-citronellol increased from the beginning to the end of flowering in both propagation materials, while the content of geraniol increased from the beginning to the middle of flowering in both propagation materials, and decreased rapidly towards the end of flowering. As a result; seedling planting method can be recommended especially in regions where diseases and pests are concentrated or in organically planned productions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Essential oil composition of rosemary plays a decisive role on product quality. There are many parameters which can influence the herbal plants' essential oil composition. It was aimed to determine the effect of location and harvesting time on essential oil composition of rosemary. The herbal materials evaluated within the scope of the study were harvested monthly from three different locations (Karaisalı in Adana, Tarsus in Mersin and Döşemealtı in Antalya) throughout the year in the Mediterranean Region, where rosemary production is common in Turkey. Essential oil composition of samples was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation dedector (GCMS/FID) device equipped with capillary column. The main components of rosemary essential oil were determined as 1,8-cineol, camphor, a-pinene, borneol and a-terpineol. Essential oil composition of samples was influenced significantly by their location and harvesting time. The essential oil compositions in the samples obtained from Adana and Mersin were similar and the ratio of 1,8-cineol, which was the main component, varied between 52.56 and 58.26% and between 54.76 and 61.54%, respectively. On the other hand, main components were camphor (16.31-21.11%), 1,8-cineol (15.00-16.95%), a-pinene (14.38-17.88%), verbenone (10.94-13.57%) and borneol (9.04-12.19%) for Antalya location samples' essential oil. There were also statistically important differences in the composition of rosemary essential oil according to harvesting time, but the range of this variation was narrow in comparison to locations. Results indicated that in essential oil production it should be taken into account that there might be differences in rosemary essential oil composition according to location and harvesting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are many parameters which are affected the herbal products quality. It was aimed to determine the effects of location and harvesting time on essential oil content of rosemary and some quality parameters of the oil. Plant materials were harvested one month intervals during two years (2018-2019) at three different location on Mediterrenean region, this region is main wild growing area for rosemary. Essential oil content, refractive index, optical activity and specific gravity analyzes were carried out for these plant materials. While, location has statistically significant effect on all quality parameters, harvesting time has important effect essential oil content and optical activity parameters. In terms of essential oil ratio, which is one of the important quality parameters of rosemary, the highest essential oil content was determined the plant harvested from Adana-Karaisalı according to location. And, the highest volatile oil content was obtained at the samples collected in July with respect to harvesting time. As a result, in order to determine the appropriate harvest time for each location should be evaluated before rosemary processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the essential oil components obtained from the aerial parts of the endemic Stachys tundjeliensis Kit Tan & Sorger plant, which grows naturally in Tunceli, were determined by water distillation. The aim of the study was to determine the essential oil components of the plant and to contribute to the taxonomy of the species and genus. The study material was collected with flowers between Tunceli-Ovacık in 2021, dried and made ready. Essential oil was obtained from 100 g of plant samples by water distillation method and after 3 hours of distillation using Clevenger apparatus. GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer) were used for analysis. A total of 29 components were determined in the essential oil obtained. Eucalyptol (28.9%), thymol (14.3%), 4 carvomethanol (12.5%), d-piperitone (11.2%), α-pinene (6.3%) and terpineol (5.7%) are high components. It can be considered as eucalyptol/thymol chemotype from these components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "return to nature" trend, which has become widespread all over the world and in our country in recent years, has led the use of herbal products to gain great popularity. The increasing habit of treating and preventing diseases by utilizing medicinal plants has led to the formation of a market in herbal medicinal product trade, which is constantly rising and increasing in value. Hence, the herbalists form the most important pillar of this market. In this study, it has been investigated that; which products are sold the most in the herbalists of Istanbul, the largest metropolis of our country with a population of more than 15 million, which products are preferred by the people as support supplements, and how the Covid 19 epidemic affected the demand for herbal products. A face-to-face survey was conducted with 100 different herbalists working in different districts of Istanbul between January 2021 and May 2021, and the results were analyzed according to the answers given by the herbalists. The most sold herbs and herbal products in herbalists are; ginger, cinnamon, turmeric, thyme, linden and black cumin. Green tea, rosemary, thyme and heather are preferred in order to lose weight and keep fit in the summer season. While; black seed oil, St. John's Wort oil, sesame oil, almond oil and coconut oil are sold more as herbal oils, for hair and skin care; rose water and oil, olive oil soap, laurel soap and bittim soap attract attention. The interest in herbal products and herbalists has increased especially during the Covid 19 epidemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavandula species are plants that are used in treatment, perfumery, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries due to the compounds they contain. Lavandula angustifola Miller plant, which is the subject of the research, is used to treat various diseases in folk medicine. The plant is widely cultivated in our country. Lavandula species are especially important because of the essential oil they contain, as well as their various active ingredients. Lavandula angustifolia Miller is the species that has more and the most valuable essential oil than other species. In addition, the essential oils of Lavandula latifolia and Lavandula hybrida are also of commercial importance. The plant has been collected from Keçiborlu district of Isparta province in this study. The plant's flowering tops have been distilled, and essential oil has been obtained at the rate of 3.39% (v/w) on the dry weight. This essential oil obtained from Lavandula angustifolia has been analyzed by using GC-MS, and 34 compounds have been detected. As the main components in essential oil; linalool (47.66%), 1.8-cineol (9.10%), linalyl acetate (7.65%) and camphor (6.46%) have been detected. According to the results of this research, the essential oil obtained from Lavandula angustifola is an essential oil that can be evaluated in the food, cosmetic, soap, and pharmaceutical industries and the fields of phytotherapy and aromatherapy due to its composition which is similar to lavandin essence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study; essential oil of the leaves of R. petraeum plant were determined by hydrodistillation method in a Clevenger type device. The chemical compositions of volatile oil were determined by analyzing with a GC-MS/FID instrument. The amount of antioxidant activities of the obtained essential oil were determined by free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) amounts, and Ferric (III) Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) capacity according to methods. In addition, some bioactive compounds contents were determined by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAC) studies. Antimicrobial activities of volatile oil were attained against 23 different microorganisms by disc diffusion method. As a result; the percent essential oil yield was determined as 0.47% in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The chemical class with the highest percentage of compounds in the essential oil of plant part: Aldehydes (55.98%) were determined in the leaves of the R. petraeum. In addition, the main component in its essential oil was found as (E)-2-hexenal (52.90%) in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The amount of antioxidant activities obtained from samples collected from plant parts were determined as 18.73 mg AA/100 mL and 21.31 mg AA/100 mL in DPPH and ABTS, and 6.50 mg FeSO4/100 mL in FRAP capacity. The bioactive component contents were found as 66.37 mg GAE/100 mL in TPC, 1.51 mg QE/100 mL in TFC, 195.43 mg AA/100 mL in TAC. According to the results of the antimicrobial activities analysis obtained from the collected sample of plant parts, leaves of R. petraeum were not showed any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus Helichrysum contains many species displaying therapeutical effects and use in folk medicine. Helichrysum pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb. is one of these species, used in the region for traditional medicine and ornamental purposes. Plants have been used in the treatment in folk medicines since the earliest times of human history. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and other medicinal properties of plants are being investigated in laboratories throughout the world using the extracts and essential oils derived from medicinal plants. Essential oils are usually complex mixtures of natural compounds of both polar and apolar structure. Essential oils consist mainly of terpenoids and their oxygenated derivatives. Essential oils, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, have therapeutic properties and are the raw materials of cosmetics, as well as acting as natural additives in foods and food products. In this study, the volatile components of the H. pallasii plants were investigated which collected from its natural habitat in the Armutlu district of Bayburt province (Turkey) at the time of flowering. The proportion of essential oils of the plant harvested during the full flowering period and the aromatic components in the essential oil of the plant were determined using the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) method in a Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) device. Almost 37 different components were found as a result of the analysis. The main components were found as α-Springene (34.89%), (-)-Isoledene (7.11%), δ-Selinene (5.79%) and Aristolene (5.09).

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is an aromatic, evergreen shrub that mostly grows in the Mediterranean climate. Myrtle which contains various bioactive molecules like polyphenols, anthocyanin, polyphenolic acid and flavonoids has high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The ma in components of myrtle essential oils are 1,8-cineol, a-pinene, linalool and myrtenyl acetate and the antioxidant activity varies between 100-768 µg/mL (IC50). Myrtle extract/essential oils have antimicrobial effects against pathogenic microorganisms, molds and yeasts. Limited studies available on model food applications of myrtle extract or essential oils indicated that it has an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic microorganisms inoculated to model foods, delays lipid peroxidation and extends the shelf life of foods. In this review, studies on the antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of different parts of myrtle as well as the antioxidant/antimicrobial effects of myrtle extracts/essential oils applications to food products were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamon is one of the oldest and extensively consumed seasoning obtained from the barks of some Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) species. Although over the 250 Cinnamomum species are known, Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon), C. cassia (Chinese), C. burmanni (Indonesian) and C. loureiroi (Vietnamese) are widely cultivated and traded. Differentiation of powdered barks is only possible with anatomical, morphological, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. Cinnamon and its essential oil are widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique aroma. Some types of cinnamon, which has been recommended for diabetics, contain high amounts of anticoagulant and hepatotoxic "coumarin" compound. In this study, 23 cinnamon samples were examined anatomically and morphologically. Main compounds of obtained essential oils were analysed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Coumarin contents were determined by High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Except for one sample, all defined as "cassia". Coumarin was found in concentrations ranging from 0.042 to 128 mg/gr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important pests of rose, which has an important place among ornamental plants, is Rose Aphid Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). M. rosae feeds by sucking plant. Rose aphids are found in colonies on shoots, leaves and buds. This pest is difficult to control. The harmful effects of the chemicals used in the control on the environment and human health have contributed to the development of alternative control methods. In this study, the effects of different herbal essential oils were determined on M. rosae. The experiment was carried out in climate chambers with 25 ± 5 ° C temperature, 60 ± 10% humidity and 16: 8 photoperiod conditions. The vegetable oils were applied by a spraying method, and pure water was used in the control application. The dead individuals were counted at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application. The trials were carried out in 5 replications. The effect of vegetable oils was evaluated using the Abbott formula. According to the results obtained; Mortality rates on M. rosae in 1.0% doses of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), Garlic (Allium sativum) after 96 hours were 80.8% for Aloe vera, and 78.72% for Eucalyptus and Tea tree, and 74.46% for Garlic. LC90 values of Aloe barbadensis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, and Allium sativum were found 1.14; 1.15; 1.14, 1.27, respectively. As a result of the study, according to the mortality rates and LC 90 are evaluated, the values of all four essential oils, including Aloe vera were very close to each other, and can be effective in the control of M. rosae. These essential oils can be preferred to control against the aphids because of high mortality rates, no negative impact on the environment, and vegetable origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the important pests of the bean that facilitates the entry of other insects and microorganisms as a result of opening holes in the seed coat to feed with cotyledons. In this study, repellent and fumigant effects of different essential oils, such as juniper (Juniperus communis), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lavender (Lavandula hybrida), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and garlic (Allium sativum), on A. obtectus adults were investigated. To determine the repelling effect, filter papers absorbed with essential oil and pure water were placed on each end of a transparent plastic tube and after 24 hours the orientation of adult individuals was followed. In order to determine the fumigant effect, filter papers impregnated with essential oil were fixed on the lids of the glass jars, and the numbers of living individuals in the jar were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days. In the first stage of the study, the repellent index (RI) of these essential oils was calculated as -9.68, 20.00, -25.00, -11.76, 17.39, and 18.18, respectively. The repellent index of these essential oils was statistically insignificant. In the second stage of the study, fumigant effects on A. obtectus adults were determined by using 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm L-1 doses of each essential oil. As a result of the application of all doses of the essential oils used, no statistically significant difference was observed between the essential oils. The highest mortality rates were obtained by recording the 25.33%, 30.67%, 44.00%, and 62.67% mortality rates on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the 5000 ppm L-1 dose of juniper essential oil, respectively. As a result, although there is no statistical difference between these essential oils in that both repellent effect and fumigant effects, pest control can be preferred in the way of not having negative effects on human and the environment.

Essential oils (EOs) are known for its antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. The present work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 15 different EOs on survival of different strains of different Staphyloccocus aureus strains isolated from traditional cheeses by disc diffusion method. The most antimicrobial activity on the strains was found as oil thyme oil (mean zone diameter 23.203 mm). Clove oil and black seed oil had the highest antimicrobial activity after thyme oil with average zone diameters of 13.698 mm and 11.267 mm respectively. Hypericum perforatum L. oil (mean zone 6.209 mm), ginger oil (mean zone 6.250 mm) and garlic oil (mean zone 6.267 mm) were the lowest antimicrobial activity. New studies about antimicrobial effect of EOs in vivo conditions are recommended.

Introduction: Nosocomial infections associated with a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are considered as a significant challenge in the Intensive care units’ (ICU) critically ill patients. Lack of new antimicrobial agents to treat infections caused by this multi-drug resistant microorganism reinforces the exploration of novel strategies to encounter and control this infection. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antibacterial effectiveness of the Lavandula mairei Humbert essential oil (EO) against a CRAB isolated from the hospital environment of the two ICUs. Materials and Methods: Carbapenemase encoding genes were detected by the polymerase chain reactions and sequencing methods. The chemical composition of Lavandula mairei (EO) was determined by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by a disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results: The OXA-23 and NDM-1 variants were revealed in the selected strains. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the Lavandula mairei EO, in which carvacrol was the most dominant one (77.32%). All the tested CRAB strains showed a wide sensitivity to the oil, with the inhibition zones’ diameters ranging from 28.67±1.15 mm to 40±2.00 mm, and a bactericidal effect proved by the similarity of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations values (0.39-3.125 µL/ml). Conclusion: These findings remain very promising for the future use of Lavandula mairei EO as a source of the natural antibacterial agents.

This study was conducted to determine the fumigant effects of the essential oil from Ruta graveolens L. flowers and leaves against Khapra beetle [Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)] larvae and adults. Cultivation of stock cultures and experiments were carried out under 35±2 °C temperature and 16 hours light 8 hours dark photoperiod conditions in 3 replicates with in each repetition. In the studies, 10 pieces of wheat and 10 pieces of T. granarium larvae or adults were put in 10 ml glass tubes. Different 5 concentrations (1.5, 3.5, 6.5, 9.2 and 12.0 µl/ml) of R. graveolens essential oil were used 10 µl for each tube. Results evaluated by considering the number of live and dead individuals at the end of 24, 48 and 72 hours. According to the results obtained from fumigant effect tests against T. granarium larvae and adults; it has been determined that the toxicity varies depending on the application dose and the application time of the plant essential oil and it has an effect of 100% on the larvae of the pest at the end of the 72 hour, and the maximum effect in adult individuals is 28.57% at a concentration of 3.5 µl/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study was investigated fumigant effects on adult of important pests of stored products of lesser grain borer, Rhizopertha dominica (Fabricius), sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val of obtained essential oils above ground of Thymus sipyleus (Boiss) subsp. rosulans (Borbas) Jalas and Mentha longifolia (Hudson) subsp. longifolia in the Lamiaceae family of plants collected from Iğdır province. The obtained essential oils of these plants were prepared in 3 replications at 5, 10 and 15 μl petri-1 doses under 25 ± 1°C temperature and 65 ± 5% relative humidity conditions. LC50 and LC90 values were determined by looking at the mortality rates at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at different periods. In consequence of the studies, according to the LC50 and LC90 values, the least toxicity was determined for Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. rosulans essential oil (LC50, 1.1555 μl insect-1 and LC90, 4.567) while the least toxicity was determined on O. surinamensis adults, while the other species and doses of the essential oils of both plants were found to have toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), which is among the medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a plant rich in essential oils. This study was carried out in Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Weed Science laboratory in 2020 to determine the effect of pennyroyal essential oils at rates doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 µl petri-1) on the germination of seeds of some weeds [(Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), (Amaranthus albus L.), (Avena fatua L.) and (Sinapis arvensis L.)] and crops [(Capsicum annuum L.) and ((Triticum aestivum L.)]. it was found that the germination of seeds of all species was fully suppressed in 16 µl petri-1 dose application while the lowest effect (1%) was obtained from 1 µl petri-1 dose application in S. arvensis seed. According to the LD50 and LD90 values in the study, the highest dose was seen in T. aestivum as 3.520 and 7.857 µl petri-1 and the lowest dose was seen in A. palmeri seed as 0.004 and 0.175 µl petri-1 respectively. Low doses were effective in preventing the germination of A. albus and A. palmeri seeds, which are problem weeds in pepper and vegetable fields. It is thought that this result will benefit bioherbicide studies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out to determine the influence of the distillation methods, times and fractions on essential oil yield and composition of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) at Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in 2014. In the study, two different distillation methods (water and steam), six different distillation times (15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes) and six different fraction slices (0-15, 16-30, 31-60, 61-90 91-120 and 121-150 minutes) were applied using pilot type distillation stills. The essential oil content and compounds were significantly affected by these applications (p<0.01). Steam distillation gave higher essential oil yield than water distillation. In both methods, the maximum percentages of essential oil were obtained from the distillation time in 150 minutes (4.60% in water distillation and 5.11% in steam distillation), and from the distillation fraction at 16-30 minutes (31.60% in water distillation and 35.77% in steam distillation as the rates in the total). The highest rates of carvacrol, which was the main component of oregano oil, were obtained by water distillation (between 93.91 and 94.60%) at 16-120 minutes and by steam distillation (between 93.11 and 93.41%) at 16-60 minutes during the distillation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences / Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, the effects of 2 different planting times (autumn and spring) on the yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L. var. Mitcham) were investigated under marginal land conditions. The test was conducted in Çukurova region located in the Eastern Mediterranean by using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Based on the results, the highest plant height (43 cm), fresh herb yield (12763 kg ha-1), dry herb yield (3407 kg ha-1), dry leaf yield (1976 kg ha-1) and essential oil yield (56.3 Lt ha-1) was determined in spring planting. The maximum ratio of essential oil was found in the first cuttings (3.18%). The yield values were higher in the first cuttings on year basis. With increasing the number of cuttings, a gradual decrease was observed in yield components. As a result of the gas chromatography analysis, oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the major chemical component group of M. × piperita essential oil (74.21-80.86%). The highest oxygenated monoterpenes were specified in the 1st cuttings of both planting seasons. Menthol (23.2-37.46 %) and menthone (22.82-31.56 %) were identified as the major components. Menthol percentage was higher in spring planting, and this rate has decreased every year compared to the previous one. As the number of cuttings increased, menthone rate also enhanced. On the other hand, as the rates of menthone increased, there was a decrease in menthol rates. a-Pinene (2.33-5.61%), limonene (0.63-4.13%), 1,8-cineole (5.22-9.98%), menthofuran (1.47-4.72%), isomenthone (1.14-5.95%), menthyl acetate (2.14-5.2%) and neomenthol (1.09-2.5%) were determined as other important components. Although the agronomic yield obtained from marginal land conditions was relatively lower, it was found superior in terms of quality and has adapted to standards values. As a result, the cultivation of the M. × piperita is economically viable in marginal lands without irrigation problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of 16 different essential oils by commercially sold, against different standard bacterial strains and one clinical bacterial strain and one standard yeast strain. Methods: Essential oils used in the study were determined in parallel with the relevant literature review. Microbial strains were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and Sivas Cumhuriyet University Application and Research Hospital Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Study inoculums were determined according to the McFarland 0.5 standard, and antimicrobial activity was investigated according to the standard disk diffusion method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results: Essential oils and inhibition zone values that have the highest effect against the standard strains and the clinical isolate used in the research are as follows: to Thymus vulgaris; Staphylococcus aureus =50 mm, Acinetobacter baumannii 43 mm, Escherichia coli 35 mm, Enterococcus feacalis 35 mm; Klebsiella pneumoniae 9 mm, Candida albicans =50 mm; to Melaleuca alternifolia; Staphylococcus aureus 14 mm, Acinetobacter baumannii 19 mm, Escherichia coli 20 mm, Enterococcus feacalis =10 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae 13 mm, Candida albicans =50 mm; to Mentha piperita; Staphylococcus aureus =50 mm, Acinetobacter baumannii 20 mm, Escherichia coli 18 mm, Enterococcus feacalis 14 mm, Candida albicans = -50 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae no inhibition zone was observed. To Lavandula officinalis; Staphylococcus aureus 16 mm, Acinetobacter baumannii 10 mm, Escherichia coli 11 mm, Enterococcus feacalis 14 mm, Candida albicans 18 mm and Klebsiella pneumoniae no inhibition zone was observed. Conclusion: The essential oils, whose effects were investigated against standard bacterial strains, a clinical bacterial isolate, and yeast strain, it was observed that high antimicrobial activities at different levels. It was observed that thyme, tea tree, mint and lavender essential oils among the essential oils studied had stronger antimicrobial effect than other essential oils. As a result, we think that these essential oils, which we have investigated, may contribute to the study of new antimicrobial substances, and antimicrobial drug due to their high antimicrobial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food manufacturers have focused on the production of minimally processed foods as an alternative to the use of preservatives and traditional heat treatments in order to protect quality and extend shelf life. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials is preferred. Oleoresins which are rich in natural antimicrobials, are a mixture of essential oil and resin extracted from plants. In this study, the tomato soup was enriched with thyme oleoresin, and the minimum inhibition concentration value of oleoresin on the target microorganism, Bacillus coagulans, at heat treatment of tomato based product was determined. The changes on the physical and chemical quality characteristics of the product were determined. The D90 value of the B. coagulans in tomato soup was found as 3.67 min. while this value was found as 2.58 min. for the bacteria in the soup which contains thyme oleoresin. It was concluded that soup with thyme oleoresin had higher lycopene and brightness values than the control (without oleoresin) group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristic properties of essential oil extracted from Pelargonium graveolens (rose-scented geranium) were examined and its usage as a natural additive in apple juice was investigated in this study. Microwave assisted hydrodistilation method has been used and essential oil was produced with a yield of 1.75%. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to identify volatile compounds. The main volatile compounds of geranium essential oil were citronellyl formate, isomenthone, linalool, citronellol and geraniol. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was found to be 0.54 mM trolox / mL oil. The antibacterial effect of the essential oil was found to be higher on Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli. It was determined that the microbial load of apple juice added with the essential oil decreased during storage. In addition, it was demonstrated by consumer test that apple juice with added essential oil was acceptable in terms of sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, olive leaf extract, grapefruit essential oil, orange peel essential oil, rosemary essential oil, and propolis were used alone and in different combinations against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli Biotype 1, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activities of these materials were investigated using the disk diffusion method. Grapefruit essential oil created the highest zone of inhibition against pathogens. The two-in-one combinations of plant materials had the highest antibacterial effect against S. Enteritidis while the triple combinations had the highest antibacterial effect against E. coli O157:H7 among the Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed that the combinations of different numbers of materials that did not have antibacterial activity alone created a synergistic effect, but this effect was reduced through the suppression of the activity of certain materials in some combinations. As a result of the analysis of total phenolic content, the highest total phenolic content was observed in grapefruit essential oil. The antibacterial activity results of the plant materials used in the study and the results concerning the total phenolic amounts were consistent. Five plant materials and two of the three combinations of materials selected for the study were added to the patties for a sensory analysis. As a result of the panelists' evaluations of the color, appearance, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability criteria, it was determined that the meatball samples containing olive leaf extract had the closest results with reference to the control patties, and the triple combinations received the lowest appreciation scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chia seed, known as Salvia hispanica L., is an oval-shaped, one-year herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family with small seeds of white, gray or black (mostly) color. It is used as a popular functional food for its health effects associated with its rich nutrient content. Studies have shown that the essential oils of chia seed oil have an antimicrobial effect on chia and the product it is added to. It has been determined that this antimicrobial effect generally exerts an inhibitory and bacteriostatic effect on microorganisms such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, studies have found that the flavonoids and tocopherol found in Chia are the basic structures responsible for the antioxidant capacity of the seed. Studies on the antioxidant capacity of chia seeds and extract have been found to inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect the cell against oxidative stress. In this review study, it was aimed to compile the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chia seeds, whose area of use is gradually expanding, and to evaluate its contribution to functional food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flower of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), with its characteristic floral scent is the most important source for cosmetic, food, parfume and pharmaceutical industries. Oil-bearing rose is cultured in many countries of the World, especially in Turkey, Bulgaria, Iran and India. In this research, it was aimed to compare the essential oil compounds detected by GC-FID of Turkish (Isparta), Bulgarian (Kazanlak), Iranian (Darab) and Indian (Kashmiri) rose oil samples, which were produced according to distillation methods of their own countries, based on international quality parameters (ISO 9842:2003). According to the results of analysis, while Turkish and Bulgarian rose oils were high in citronellol (34.05% and 31.06%, respectively), geraniol (16.55% and %21.11, respectively), and nerol (7.68% and 10.68%, respectively), Iranian rose oil were rich in nonadecane (23.56%), nonadecene (10.26%), and heneicosane (8.82%) at high ratios. The total monoterpene alcohols (oleoptens) were determined as 58.28%, 62.85% and 13.39%, respectively, and total aliphatic hydrocarbons (stearoptens) were determined as 17.03%, 20.55%, and 44.14%, respectively in Turkish, Bulgarian and Iranian rose oils. As a result, it was determined that Turkish and Bulgarian rose oils conformed to the international rose oil standard, while Iranian rose oil remained outside the standards and Indian rose oil partially complied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in Isparta conditions in 2014 and 2015 in order to determine the effects of foliar applications of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) at different growth stages on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) fruit yield and essential oil quality. Different concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and MJ (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) were applied to the leaves by spraying in two developmental periods: vegetative development period (40 days after emergence) and mid-flowering (60 days after emergence). The applications of GA3 and MJ have generally positively affected the yield and parameters affecting fruit yield in cumin, and the resulting effect has varied depending on the application doses. The highest number of umbrellas and number of fruits was obtained from applications of 100 ppm GA3, 1000 grain weight and fruit yield were obtained from applications of 0.5 and 1.0 mM MJ. The effect of both applications on the synthesis of essential oils was found to be statistically significant, and all applications except that high-dose GA3, significantly increased the fruit essential oil content compared to the control (1.85%). The main components of the essential oils in all applications were similar (3-caren-10-al, cuminic aldehyde, μ-terpinene, β-pinene and cymol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]