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Objective: This study aims to determine the coinfection rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, investigate the etiological agents causing coinfection, and reveal the clinical characteristics of patients with coinfection. In addition, by identifying coinfections accompanying viral infections, we aim to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Methods: This study analyzed 76 hospitalized patients with prediagnoses of COVID-19 between Sep 2021 and Feb 2022. They had a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, compatible thoracic Computed Tomography findings, and biochemical parameters indicating coinfection. Patients' respiratory samples were tested for other respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results: Out of 76 patients, 54 (71.1%) were found to have one or more pathogens along with SARS-CoV-2. Among these patients, 35 had a single pathogen, while 19 had multiple pathogens. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus in 24 (31.6%) patients, influenza viruses in 18 patients (23.7%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 15 (17.1%) patients. There was no significant difference between mortality rates, length of hospital stay, hospitalization site, biochemical parameters (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, lymphocyte count, ferritin level) between patients with and without coinfection. Conclusion: Although no significant difference was found in parameters such as mortality rates and length of hospital stay in patients with comorbid pathogens in our study, we think that clinicians should take the risk of coinfection into account in the follow-up and treatment of hospitalized patients and perform appropriate tests in suspected cases. Our study showed that the viral and bacterial pathogens accompanying SARS-CoV-2 are significant and that more specific and large-scale studies are needed to examine the clinical effects of these factors. We also believe that influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines should not be ignored, especially in risk groups, during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a microbial infectious disease characterized by necrotizing fasciitis affecting the perianal and genital area. The majority of patients have immunosuppressive conditions that predispose them to necrotizing fasciitis, such as diabetes, smoking, alcohol and substance addiction, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, trauma, and urethral stenosis. Treatment of Fournier's gangrene includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, resuscitation for sepsis, and aggressive surgical debridement. We aimed to emphasize that a 1 cm superficial razor cut formed after cleaning the scrotal hair may progress to Fournier Gangrene in a 42-year-old healthy man who does not smoke, drink alcohol, or have any comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infections among children. Early initiation of treatment is crucial to prevent complications. In recent years, the increasing production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in gram-negative bacteria has made it challenging to treat infections caused by these pathogens in children. The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) has emerged as an important marker for inflammation in recent years. The aim of our study is to investigate the predictive value of CAR in the early identification of ESBL-positive upper urinary tract infections (UUTI) in children and to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated uropathogens. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 194 children diagnosed with UUTI and treated either as outpatients or inpatients. Based on urine culture results, patients were divided into two groups: ESBL-positive UUTI and ESBL-negative UUTI. Laboratory tests obtained within the first 6 hours after UUTI diagnosis, before the initiation of antibiotic therapy, as well as demographic data, were retrieved from hospital records and compared between the two groups. The microorganisms isolated in urine cultures and their antimicrobial susceptibility results were recorded. Results: Of the patients, 98 (50,5%) were female and 96 (49,4%) were male, with a median age of 12 (4,92-36) months. Among the isolated pathogens, 126 (64,9%) were ESBL-negative, while 68 (35,1%) were ESBL-positive. CRP and CAR levels were significantly higher in the ESBL-positive UUTI group (p<0.001). A ROC analysis was performed to assess the ability of laboratory parameters to predict ESBL-positive UUTI. For CRP, values of 2,270 and above predicted ESBL positivity with 54,41% sensitivity and 61,11% specificity [p<0.001; AUC: 0.660 (0,584-0,737)]. For CAR, values of 0,698 and above predicted ESBLpositive UUTI with 58,82% sensitivity and 59,52% specificity [p=0.001; AUC: 0,650 (0,573-0,727)]. Escherichia coli (39,2%) was the most frequently isolated microorganism in all patients, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28,9%), Enterococcus spp. (14,4%), and Proteus mirabilis (9,3%). Among ESBL-positive UUTI patients, the most commonly isolated microorganisms were E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Ampicillin resistance in ESBL-positive E. coli was 89,3%, and the highest resistance among cephalosporins was observed against ceftriaxone (89,7%). Amikacin resistance in ESBL-positive E. coli was 7,7%, while no resistance was observed in ESBL-positive UUTI K. pneumoniae. Meropenem resistance was found in 5,6% and ertapenem resistance in 6,7% of K. pneumoniae isolates, while in E. coli, meropenem resistance was 13,6% and ertapenem resistance was 9,1%. Conclusions: CAR is independently associated with ESBL-positive UUTI. Our study demonstrated that CAR may be useful in predicting ESBL-positive UUTI. Given the high resistance observed to cephalosporins, it is recommended that patients with significantly elevated CAR levels receive empirical treatment with carbapenems, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, or fosfomycin, whether treated as outpatients or inpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the common bacterial infections in pediatric patients. These infections are more common in girls over one year old. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance status in urine cultures of pediatric patients in our center. Materials and Methods: Urine culture results of patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Sivas Cumhuriyet University hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in the study. The hospital automation system, patient files, and laboratory information management system were examined retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. A P-value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Significant growth was observed in the urine cultures of a total of 1287 pediatric patients, 889 (69.1%) girls and 398 boys (30.9%). The patients included in the study were between the ages of 0-17, and children aged 1-6 (37.6%) were diagnosed with UTI more frequently than other ages. The most common UTI agent in the pediatric age group was Escherichia coli (56.6%). The first agent isolated in girls and boys is E.coli. Additionally, the prevalence of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca bacteria was higher in boys (p < 0.05). E. coli isolates showed minimal resistance to such as amikacin (0.6%), fosfomycin (1.0%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), ertapenem (2.4%), imipenem (0.7%) and meropenem (0.9%). Conclusion: In this study, low resistance levels were detected for amikacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenem group antibiotics, which are important alternatives in the empirical treatment of UTI. On the other hand, due to the high resistance levels detected, it is thought that more caution should be exercised in the empirical use of amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and cefixime. If these antibiotics are to be preferred, waiting for the antibiogram results is an appropriate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot ulcers and infections are considered significant health problems worldwide. Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Diabetic Foot Infections (DAİÇG) prepared a consensus report in 2015 regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetic foot (DF) ulcers and diabetic foot infections (DFI) in national circumstances. Subsequently, in 2023, representatives assigned through collaboration with relevant national specialty associations reviewed the literature and international guidelines on the pathogenesis, microbiology, assessment and grading, treatment, prevention and control, offloading, post-amputation rehabilitation; identified questions that needed to be addressed, and updated the Consensus Report with answers to these questions. The information in this report is intended to assist healthcare professionals caring for diabetic patients. Some of the answers in the report are listed as follows: 1) Many factors cause DF ulcers, with the main causes being sensorimotor polyneuropathy and the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). 2) In a patient with a DF ulcer, the infection should be considered if other causes are ruled out and there are at least two local inflammatory signs, such as purulent discharge or erythema, edema, warmth, pain, tenderness, and induration at the ulcer site. In these cases, the severity of the infection is described as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the depth of the ulcer, its width, and the presence of systemic signs of infection. 3) The causative agents in DFI vary depending on whether the infection is acute or chronic and the severity of the infection. Superficial DFIs that develop in patients with cellulitis and with no previous antibiotic use are mostly caused by aerobic Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci, streptococci). 4) Deep and chronic infections and/ or infections of patients that have received previous antibiotic treatment are generally polymicrobial (Gram-positive cocci + Gram-negative rods). 5) The classification of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) can be used to assess the severity of DFI. 6) According to this classi- fication, severe and certain special cases of DFI should be hospitalized for treatment. 7) Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and procalcitonin can be useful in differentiating infection from colonization. 8) Before starting antibiotics in suspected DFI, a suitable tissue sample should be taken from the ulcer base by curettage or biopsy for culture. 9) A three-view plain X-ray of the foot should be taken initially as an imaging method for diagnosis. This can help detect infection and bone deformities, fractures, radiopaque foreign bodies, and gas formation in soft tissues. 10) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive and specific method for patients who do not respond to treatment or where osteomyelitis or deep soft tissue abscess is suspected. 11) Culture and a positive result in histopathological examination of the bone are accepted as the gold standard in diagnosing osteomyelitis. 12) To promote ulcer healing and salvage of the limb, it is necessary to perform urgent and aggressive debridement to remove dead and infected tissues, provide proper ulcer care, relieve the foot from pressure, administer appropriate antibiotic therapy, achieve metabolic control, diagnose and treat PAD, and restore foot function. 13) In cases of DFI and PAD coexistence, consultation with the relevant surgical specialty is essential for the planning and timing of surgical procedures, and it is also advisable to seek the opinion of a vascular surgeon for revascularization. Surgical management of DF ulcers can be analyzed in five sections: (a) Urgent ulcer intervention; abscess drainage and/or debridement, (b) surgical interventions for vascular pathologies, (c) ulcer closure interventions; reconstruction methods; graft and flap surgery, (d) reconstruction of bone and foot pathologies for ulcer prevention and treatment (Charcot foot deformity, Achilles lengthening, tenotomy, and osteotomies, etc.), (e) minor and major amputations when necessary. 14) Amputation may be a more appropriate choice when infected tissue cannot be completely cleaned with debridement, when the patient is bedridden or has a non-functional extremity, when it is believed that adequate revascularization cannot be achieved by orthopedic and plastic surgical interventions, in cases where reconstruction is nearly impossible, and in dialysis patients. 15) The goal of post-DFI reconstruction is to allow the ankle to reach a neutral position and to make the plantar surface of the foot have a balanced contact with the ground. 16) Selected ulcer care products can be used based on the characteristics of the ulcer to support and accelerate ulcer healing, reduce the risk of complications, ensure patient comfort during treatment, and improve quality of life. 17) DF ulcers often develop due to improper shoe selection during the structural and biomechanical changes, resulting in fluid accumulation and callus formation around bone surfaces. 18) Orthoses, which distribute pressure over the widest possible area, are the most effective means of reducing plantar pressure in the foot. 19) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is beneficial in addition to revascularization and antibiotic therapy, which are the primary treatments for pathologies causing tissue hypoxia, such as ischemia, infection, and edema. 20) Negative pressure ulcer therapy is an additional adjunct method to conventional techniques, and it can contribute to the healing process with the correct indications. 21) In cases where the infection is under control, active osteomyelitis is absent, topical epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be used for Meggitt-Wagner ulcer classification grade 1-3, and intralesional EGF applications can be used for grade 3-4 in addition to standard treatments. 22) Preventive medical practices in people with diabetes, collaborative efforts of the patients, their families, and the medical team, and regular patient education are necessary to prevent DF ulcer development. In the event of DF ulcer development, interdisciplinary collaboration in moderate/severe infections is essential for early treatment and infection prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Mecmuasi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Community & Physician / Toplum ve Hekim is the property of Turk Tabipleri Birligi / Turkish Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Van Health Sciences Journal / Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Van Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The increase in antibiotic resistance due to overuse and misuse has led to changes in the primary pathogens causing otitis media and antibiotic susceptibility. Empirical antibiotic treatment may cause treatment failure or result in complications in diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We aimed to identify bacterial pathogens associated with ear infections and to evaluate antibacterial resistance among isolated organisms. Methods: Ear swab samples of patients who applied to our hospital's Ear Nose and Throat Outpatient Clinic between February 2022 and February 2023, sent to our laboratory with the preliminary diagnosis of ear infection, were examined. The study included 144 patients whose ear swab samples' Gram staining and culture results were compatible with ear infection. Microorganisms that grew in culture were identified using conventional methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and evaluated by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Results: The study examined 171 external ear canal culture results from 144 patients at their first admission and 19 patients due to recurrent external ear canal discharge in later periods. Pathogenic microorganism growth was observed in 90 specimens, normal microbial flora grew in 58 specimens, and no microorganism growth was observed in 23 specimens. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the second most common pathogen. Ampicillin resistance was the highest among the isolated Gram-negative bacteria (77.7%). Conclusion: It is essential to monitor the frequency of causative pathogens and the rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents to start appropriate antimicrobial therapy in patients with ear infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Science Yuksek Ihtisas University / Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Health Science Yuksek Ihtisas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ümraniye Pediatri Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics has reached levels that threaten public health today. This research was carried out to determine the level of antibiotic use of people living with Bolu. Materials and Methods: The research is a population-based, cross-sectional study. The population of the research consisted of people living in 23 neighborhoods in the city center. Neighborhoods (n=3) and participants (n=584) were determined by multi-stage probability sampling method. A total of 537 people completed the study because 47 people did not agree to participate in the study. The data of the study were collected between June 2017 and March 2018 with a survey form created by the researchers through literature review. Results: 80.6% of the participants used antibiotics in the last month, but 78.2% stopped using antibiotics. Since 67.4% of the participants recovered and 39.7% wanted to use it later, they did not complete the antibiotic treatment. 66.2% of the participants stated that the purpose of using antibiotics was to treat infectious diseases. It was observed that being a woman carries a risk in terms of antibiotic use (p=0.007). It was found that high school and university graduates and retired participants had more knowledge about antibiotic drugs than the other participants (p=0.001; p=0.003). Conclusion: Gender, education and occupation variables have a significant effect on antibiotic use. It is especially important that women, state officers and those with high school or higher education be properly conscious of the rational use of antibiotics.

Copyright of Journal of Nursing Effect / Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Hemsirelik Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment regimens of patients with brucellosis in the Tokat region. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data of 236 adult patients followed with brucellosis in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Diagnostic criteria of brucellosis were determined as culture positivity, or positivity in the Wright test at ≥ 1/160 titration, or a 4-fold increase in titer of the Wright test repeated at 2 - 3 week intervals. Demographic data, symptoms, physical examination findings, and laboratory results of the patients were evaluated. Results: 72% (n=170) of the patients were male, and the mean age was 44.47±16.64. 53% (n=125) were engaged in animal husbandry, 21.6% (n=51) consumed unpasteurized dairy products, and 13.1% (n=31) had a family member with brucellosis. Seven (2.9%) patients with a prediagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) were diagnosed with acute brucellosis. The most common symptoms were muscle-joint pain (70.3%), fever (50.8%), and sweating (43.2%). Spondylodiscitis was observed in 13.6%, epididymal-orchitis in 8.2%, and neurobrucellosis in 0.4% of the patients. Blood culture positivity was detected in 7.2% of the cases. 91.5% had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and 48.3% had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. The most common hematological findings were anemia (28%), leukopenia (10.6%), and thrombocytopenia (8.5%). As a therapy doxycycline + rifampicin combination was started at 36%, doxycycline + gentamicin to 5.8%, doxycycline + streptomycin to 5.4%, and doxycycline + rifampicin + gentamicin to 29.7% of the patients. Alternative treatment regimens were given to 22.9% (n=54) of the patients. Conclusion: Brucellosis is still a critical zoonotic disease in our region. It should be kept in mind when diagnosing patients with fever, muscle-joint pain, and sweating, with epidemiological histories, have elevated acute phase reactants and cytopenia. It should also be remembered that brucellosis can be confused with CCHF in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study; the isolation and identification of Arcobacter spp from chicken meat samples sold in Kayseri province and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and molecular typing of the obtained isolates were aimed. For this purpose, a total of 100 chicken meat samples collected from chicken meat sales points were used as material. Preenrichment and membrane filtration methods were used for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. For the identification of the obtained Arcobacter spp, isolates were performed by means of phenotype tests and multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (m PCR). The disk diffusion test method was used to determine the susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. isolates to erythromycin, azithromycin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin antibiotics. For genotyping Arcobacter spp. Isolates were performed with Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR). In this study, 23 (23%) of 100 chicken meat samples collected as a result of the isolation process were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. As a result of the molecular identification tests, 3 of 23 Arcobacter spp. isolates were identified as Arcobacter cryaerophilus and 20 isolates were as Arcobacter butzleri. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 12 (52.17%) of Arcobacter spp isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 13 (56.52%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 20 (86.95%) to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin, 8 (86.95%) to enrofloxacin, 2 (8.69%) to tetracycline, 5 (21.73%) to streptomycin, 16 (69.56% to azithromycin, and 21 (91.3%) to neomycin. In addition, it was determined that all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. As a result, the presence of Arcobacter spp, which has been determined to be multi-antibiotic resistant, in widely consumed poultry meat, indicates that these agents, which cause gastro enteritis and extra intestinal diseases in humans, may pose a risk to public health. For this reason, it is thought that preventing contamination of poultry carcasses with the agent and training the food handlers pre venting diseases caused by poultry meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by non-specific signs and symptoms caused by various pathogens. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical and laboratory findings. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are the predominant etiologic agents. In our study,we aimed to evaluate the types of microorganisms grown in neonatal blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gram-negative agents. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2566 blood culture results. Samples from blood culture bottles with growth were passaged on blood agar. The growing colonies were identified by MALDİ-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on a fully automated device. The results were evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Results: Growth was detected in 12.1% of the samples. 59.5% of the patients with growth were male. 66% of the patients were at term and 53.7% had early-onset sepsis. 74.6% of the cases were cesarean section and 59.5% were above 2500 grams. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most common organisms grown in early and late-onset sepsis. 73.9% CNS, 9% Gram-negative enteric and nonfermentary bacilli, 2.9% Gram-positive bacilli and 0.1% fungi were grown. 40% of S.aureus were methicillin resistant. The most antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative agent was Klebsiella spp. Klebsiella spp. isolates were resistant to amikacin 9%, ampicillin 100%, cefepime 72.7%, ceftazidime 81.8%, gentamicin 81.8%, meropenem 9.1%. Extended spectrum beta lactamase was positive in 90.9%. Acinetobacter spp. isolates were resistant to amikacin 42.8%, ampicillin 42.8%, gentamicin 42.8%, meropenem 42.8%. Conclusion: Microorganism species and antibiotic susceptibilities in intensive care units vary over time and between clinics. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials started early with suspicion of sepsis without culture confirmation can be replaced with agentspecific narrow-spectrum antimicrobials when growth is detected in culture,monotherapy can be switched or treatment can be terminated early. This may contribute to the prevention of resistance development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the present time, due to the low bioavailability of many of the drugs used against cancer and other microorganisms and their side effects such as toxicity, there is a need for new drugs in the treatment. Although an increasing number of anticancer or antibiotic drugs are being developed every day, the low selectivity of these drugs and the acquisition of multidrug resistance prevent successful treatment. Therefore, there is a great need for the discovery of new, potent and selective agents to destroy or at least stop the proliferation of tumor cells or microorganisms. In this study, 18 new 1,2,3-triazole/arylidenehydrazide hybrid compounds were synthesized. Anti-microbial activities of these compounds (17a-r) were investigated on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The results were compared with the anti-microbial drug ceftazidime. The MIC values of the anti-fungal activities of the compounds were found as 62.5 μM, while the MIC values of the anti-bacterial activities were determined as 62.5-125 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Antibiotic misuse is a significant public health problem worldwide. Parents' perceptions of antibiotics are critical for the antibiotic intake of children. The study's aim was to validate the Turkish Parental Perception on Antibiotics Scale. Methods: This is a scale validation study. The data were collected through a questionnaire that consisted of 15 questions about the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the family and the Turkish Parental Perception on Antibiotics Scale. The scale, developed by Alumran et al., is a 5-point Likert type and consists of 31 items. The high scores obtained from the non-cut-off scale indicate better antibiotics perception. Experts completed the language adaption and content validity of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for construct validity. Reliability was tested by internal consistency coefficients. Results: One thousand eight people participated in the study. 68.8% of the participants were mothers. The mean age of the mothers was 35.7±5.0, and the mean age of the fathers was 39.4±5.2 years. The percent of high school and above graduates was 51.2% among mothers and 56.0% among fathers. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit index values were standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.06, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.90, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.06, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.95, non-normed fit index (NNFI)=0.93. The fit index values were good or excellent and confirmed the 5-factor structure. It was found that the internal consistency coefficients calculated for reliability were 0.79 for the whole scale and ranged between 0.63 and 0.86 for the subscales. Conclusion: The Turkish Parental Perception on Antibiotics Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. Further research is needed to determine the current situation regarding antibiotic perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem. In particular, chickens are the source of antibiotic resistance and resistance genes. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the Gram-negative bacterial species that cannot ferment lactose from cloacal swap samples and to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles. Identification of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF-MS and multidrug resistance was determined by disk diffusion test. In addition, the presence of ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemase in isolates was investigated by CLSI directions. Totally, 27 isolates were collected and 20 of them were Escherichia coli, 4 of them were E. fergusonii and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas fulva, Aeromonas media, Serratia marcescens. 19 different antibiotic discs from 7 different classes were used in the study and 63% of bacteria had resistance to antibiotics from 3 or more classes. While the highest resistance rate was observed in tetracycline (74.07%), all isolates were found that sensitive to imipenem. While carbapenemase could not be detected in any isolate, it was observed that P. fulva had ESBL and AmpC. Also, PCR was conducted for blaCTX-M, CIT, blaKPC genes in P. fulva. It was found that the bacterium had only blaCTX-M gene. As a result, although it is pleasing to find low presence of beta lactamase, high multidrug resistance has been determined in bacteria. This situation suggests newer therapeutic approaches. In addition, considering the "One Health" concept, antibiotic resistance should be constantly monitored with the interaction of the animal-human-environment. Because the development of resistance is in a constant state of change between bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) / Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi (SABİAD) is the property of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In this study, candida species isolated from clinical samples of patients treated in intensive care units and other inpatient clinics pre-pandemic period (PPP) (April 1, 2018-March 31, 2020) and patients treated in COVID-19 intensive care units and other inpatient clinics during the pandemic period (PP) (1 April 2020-31 March 2022) were retrospectively examined. It was aimed to describe the variation of candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in PP according to PPP and contribute to our country's epidemiological data. Materials and Methods: Conventional methods and VITEK 2 (Biomerieux, France) automated system were used to identify candida species and determine their antifungal susceptibility. Species identifications of non-Candida albicans isolates were confirmed by the MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) automated system. Antifungal susceptibilities were evaluated using the VITEK 2 automated system and gradient test strips (BioMerieux E test, France). Results: Fungal strains were detected in 125 (2%) of the clinical samples that came to our laboratory in the pre-pandemic period, and in 157(2.9%) during the PP. The increase in Candida isolates was statistically significant (p=0.007). It was observed that the growth rates in urine culture, blood culture and aspirate cultures increased in PP compared to PPP. The mean age of patients with candida isolated in PP is 70.86±14.53. An increase in the rates of male patients was observed in PP compared to PPP. Compared to PPP, an increase was observed in C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis species, and a decrease in C.kefyr species in PP. C.ciferrii, C.dubliniensis, C.sphaerica and C.zeylanoides have been isolated only in PP. It was observed that the susceptibility of C. albicans to amphotericin B, anidulafungin and voriconazole decreased in PP, and the susceptibilities of fluconazole, flucytosine and micafungin were increased. C.albicans, C.glabrata, C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis isolates were observed to have decreased sensitivity to amphotericin B, anidulafungin and caspofungin in PP compared to PPP. Conclusions: It has been observed that there is an increase in secondary candida infections due to the prolonged hospitalization period and high-level steroid use in COVID-19 patients compared to the PPP. Our data revealed an increase in non-C.albicans species, particularly in C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis species, in agreement with other similar studies reported. The decrease in echinocandin and amphotericin B susceptibility in candida species suggests the necessity of rational antifungal use. Updating and presenting the changes in Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility at regular intervals is important for clinicians' empirical antifungal treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is the world's largest honey producer after China. Honey is one of Turkey's most important agricultural export products. Due to uncontrolled antibiotic sale and unconscious use, antibiotic residues in Turkish honey cause important problems in exports. The presence of antibiotic residues in honey can be harmful to human health. Antibiotic residue in honey is still a major problem worldwide. Antibiotic residues in honey were mostly caused by incorrect beekeeping practices, not from the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the neomycin and tetracycline residues in honey collected from the Erzurum province. For this purpose, 79 honey samples were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. Tetracycline residues were found to be between 2.1 and 47.08 ppb in 37 of 79 honey samples (46.8%) and had an average of 9.33 ppb, while 22 of the samples were below the minimum detection limit (<2 ppb). Neomycin residues could not be detected in 79 honey samples (minimum detection limit 15.63 ng/mL). There are no maximum residue limits established for antibiotics in honey according to the Turkish Food Codex regulations, which means honey should not contain antibiotics. As a result, it is believed that honey producers should be informed that it is not legal to use antibiotics in honey production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the COVID 19 treatment protocols applied in our hospital in terms of side effects and 28-day mortality. Methods: All 621 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 and treated with any drugs were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for patients were hospitalization with COVID-19 diagnosis and being over 18 years old. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the treatments against COVID-19: Group 1 (only favipiravir), Group 2 (hydroxychloroquine (HQ)+ Azithromycin (AZ), Group 3 (only HQ), and Group 4 (HCQ+AZ +antibiotics). The gender, age, medications, underlying comorbidities, possible side effects due to the treatments (cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity), and mortality rates were evaluated. Results: There was no difference in terms of side effects between treatment groups. Mortality rates were lowest in the HQ+AZ group. HCQ+AZ treatment was the most effective treatment protocol. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the higher mortality rate due to favipiravir may be due to the administration of this drug only to critically ill patients during the initial period of the pandemic.

Objectives: Although the broth microdilution method (BMD) is recommended in determining colistin resistance, the search for alternative methods continues. We aimed to determine the effectiveness in detecting colistin sensitivity by comparing the liquid microdilution method, which is the gold standard method for colistin susceptibility testing, and the Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan WalkAway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA) automated systems, which are the commercial BMD methods. Methods: For this purpose, 100 multidrug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were tested for colistin susceptibility. Antibiotic susceptibility results were compared with broth microdilution, Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan Walkaway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: According to the criteria set by International Organization of Standardization (ISO), categorical agreement, major error, and very large error rates were not found in acceptable performance when the Phoenix and Sensitizer microdilution methods were compared with the gold standard method BMD. In addition, we determined that the categorical agreement (97%), major error (1%), and very large error (2%) rates of the MicroScan Walkaway method were acceptable. Conclusion: Since BMD is not a practical method, its use is not preferred. Simple and accurate phenotypic detection methods to determine colistin resistance in routine microbiology laboratories have not yet been defined. Although different results were obtained in different studies, MicroScan Walkaway provided the necessary criteria for the method acceptance in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In this study, it was aimed to determine the distribution and antibiotic resistance rates of bacteria isolated from endotracheal aspirate (ETA), blood and catheter samples taken from COVID-19 patients admitted Adana City Training and Research Hospital. Materials and Methods: Between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021, 254 patients PCR positive patients were included in the study. Blood, catheter and respiratory tract culture growths and antibiotic susceptibility test results were retrospectively analyzed from the microbiology laboratory database. Results: 433 bacterial growths were detected in clinical samples taken from 254 COVID-19 PCR positive patients. Among the bacterial agents, Acinetobacter baumannii (25.17%; n =109) was the most common pathogens, followed by Escherichia coli (5.54% n =24) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.31%; n =23). While imipenem and meropenem resistance rates for A. baumannii were 86.8% and 85.9%, ertapenem and meropenem resistance rates for K. pneumoniae and E. coli were 83.3%, 75%, and 12.5%, 4,1%, respectively. I n this study, 15 o f 21 S.aureus strains were found to be MRSA (Methicillin-resistant S.aureus) (71,4%). Conclusions: Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients is critical to prevent resistance development and increase culture sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important causative agent of ventilation-associated pneumonia capable of long-term survival in the hospital setting. Increasing resistance to antibiotics effective against this pathogen is of concern. In this study, the antibiotic resistance profiles of A. baumannii strains grown in endotracheal aspirate (ETA) cultures in intensive care units and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resistance profiles in our province where the highest number of cases were observed in our country for a long time were investigated. Methods: Our study included 74 A. baumannii isolates isolated from ETA samples that was sent to our laboratory from the intensive care units of Bafra State Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. Bacteria were identified using conventional methods and a semi automatic bacterial identification system Vitek-2 (bioMérieux, France). The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolated strains were studied in accordance with the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Antibiotic susceptibility of A. baumannii strains was tested with Vitek-2 system. Results: The mean age and standard deviations of 18 patients before the COVID-19 pandemic and 56 patients after the pandemic were found to be 83,0 ± 8,3 and 70,5 ± 14,9 (p<0,001), respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the distributions of gender by years (p= 0,025). While 55,6% of the patients were female in 2019, 73,2% of the patients in 2020 were male. There was no difference between the two periods in terms of death rates (p=0,628) and respiratory support needs (p=0,191). It was determined that the pandemic increased the number of isolated A. baumannii by 311%. For the two periods, resistance was the greatest for piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and against imipenem. Examinig the two periods, amikacin resistance was seen to a lesser extent in 2020. A statistically significant difference was found between tigecycline resistance rates by years (p<0,001). While the tigecycline susceptibility of strains was 88,9% in 2019, it was found to be 26,8% in 2020. 11,1% of the strains in 2019 and 64,3% in 2020 were found to be moderately susceptible. In this study, colistin resistance was observed in one (1,4%) of all isolates, while tigecycline resistance was detected in five isolates (6,8%). One isolate (1,4%) was susceptible to all antibiotics except ceftazidime. When the multi-antibiotic resistance of 73 A. baumannii isolates was examined, multidrug resistant (MDR) was 22,9% (n:17), extensive drug resistance (XDR) was 74,3% (n:55), pandrug resistance (PDR) was 1,4% (n:1). Although there was a statistical difference in amikacin, meropenem and tigecycline resistances before and after the pandemic, no difference was found between the resistance patterns (p=0,281). Conclusion: It has been observed that the most effective antibiotics against A. baumannii are colistin and tigecycline. It was determined that the COVID-19 pandemic did not change the resistance pattern rates. It is thought that success in fighting this infection will increase when each hospital determines its own resistance patterns, updates empirical treatment protocols based on their results, and clinicians use appropriate antibiotics early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) / Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi (SABİAD) is the property of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Emergency & Intensive Care Medicine / Çocuk Acil ve Voğun Bakım Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir eğitim hastanesinde yatan hastalarda rapor edilen advers ilaç reaksiyonlarının (ADR) oranını ve şeklini değerlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Adana, Balcalı Hastanesi'nde bir yıllık retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışma yapıldı. ADR'lerin nedensellik, şiddet ve ciddiyetini değerlendirmek için WHO-UMC / Naranjo algoritma skalası, Hartwig ve Siegel şiddet skalası ve farmakovijilans temas noktası (PVCP) kriterleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 61105 yatan hastadan 20 spontan ADRS vakası PVCP’ye sunulmuş olup insidansı %0.03’ e denk düşmektedir. Bunlardan 18 tanesi ADR bildirim formu dahil edilme kriterlerine göre uygun bulunmuştur. Antibiyotiklerle ilişkili ADR'ler (% 38.8) en sık bildirilirken antineoplastik ajanlar (% 22.2) idi. ADR'lerin çoğu deri ile ilişkiliydi (% 33.3). Nedensellik değerlendirmesinde, bildirilen ADR'lerin neredeyse %50'si mümkündür ve % 55.5'i orta ciddiyettedir. Ayrıca, ADR'lerin yaklaşık % 83.3'ünün PVCP kriterlerine göre ciddi olduğu bulunmuştur. Toplam hastalar arasında% 55.5'i reaksiyonlardan iyileşmiştir. ADR'ler doktorlar (% 66.7) ve ardından asistan doktor (% 16.7) tarafından rapor edilmiştir.Sonuç: Bu çalışma hastanede yatan hastalarda ADR'lerin önemli bir problem olduğunu göstermektedir. Şiddetli ve ciddi tipte ADR'lerin izlenmesi ve yönetimi, daha iyi hasta bakımı için değerli olacaktır.

GİRİŞ: Enfeksiyon hastalıkları pediatri pratiğinde sık rastlanan hastalıklardır. Tanı ve tedavi yönetiminde kültür tetkikleri oldukça önemlidir. Pediatri Kliniği ve Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı iş birliği kurumların akılcı ilaç kullanımı politikasının belirlenmesinde vazgeçilmezdir. Bu yazıda, bir il merkezinde pediatrik hasta grubunda kültür tetkiklerinin kullanım sıklığı ve etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi, kültür materyali alım tekniklerinin okuyucuya hatırlatılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: 1 Nisan 2016-31 Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na kabul edilen tüm kaliteli kültür örnekleri hastane ve laboratuvar kayıt sistemi üzerinden retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Her örnek için uygun kültür alma, işleme ve değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Çalışma süresince 515 kan, 3640 idrar, 209 konjonktiva, 32 yara, 143 göbek sürüntüsü, 220 boğaz, 69 solunum yolu sekresyonu ve 65 gaita örneği kültür yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Üreme sonuçlarında mikroorganizma dağılımı ve antibiyogram duyarlılıkları pediatrik yaş grubuna uygun seçeneklerle belirtilmiştir. Üremelerin %18’inde çoklu dirençli mikroorganizmalar söz konusudur.SONUÇ: Pediatri Kliniği ve Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı iş birliğinin arttırılması, güçlendirilmesi için deneyimlerin paylaşılması gereklidir. Belli aralıklarla tekrarlanan surveyans çalışmaları etkin ampirik tedavilerin belirlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Özellikle pediatrik yaş grubunda akılcı ilaç kullanımı gelecek nesillerin daha sağlıklı olmasında önemlidir. Böylelikle antibiyotik direnç sorununun azaltılmasına katkıda bulunulabilir.

Introduction: The worldwide growth of aquaculture has led to persistent infections and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). The present study identified the similarity and correlativity of antibiotic susceptibility in the autochthonous bacterial flora of carps cultured in the East Kolkata Wetland and peri-urban Kolkata, India using clustering algorithms based on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data. Materials and Methods: Motile Aeromonas spp. and Escherichia coli (50 each) isolated in selective media from carps and their environment were tested for susceptibility to oxytetracycline (OTC) and chloramphenicol (CH) using the agar-disc diffusion assay. The MICs of these two antibiotics were determined using the agar dilution method and clustered using the BioNumerics 7.6 software package. Results: The MICs of OTC and CH varied from 0.39 to 50 µg/ml and 1.56 to >100 µg/ml, respectively. Dendrogram-based cluster analysis of motile aeromonads showed relatively high internal homogeneity, as >5 subgroups were obtained under the main clusters. Escherichia coli also showed high internal homogeneity. Dendrogram-based advanced nodal cluster analysis of motile aeromonads as a group yielded a greater number of clusters. Conclusion: The varied susceptibility among motile aeromonads and E. coli isolated from an aquaculture environment with no history of antibiotic use implied the possible contamination of carps with ARB from domestic and hospital effluents. Nevertheless, E. coli strains isolated from this environment exhibited high heterogeneity in antibiotic susceptibility, which is a serious cause for concern.

The resistance of bacteria to the bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties of antibiotics is a major healthcare challenge that restricts the use of different types of available antibiotics. A potential alternative is to resensitize multidrug-resistant bacteria using resistance-modifying chemicals, therapies, or compounds, which act collaboratively with existing antibiotics against infections. Thus, we deliberate over the scope of various compounds, such as 2AI compounds, certain plant extracts, and other chemicals to understand their role in inducing sensitivity. One of the major components, H2S, is known to be cytotoxic and has shown various effects on bacteria. Endogenous H2S provides resistance to various bacterial species. Incidentally, an ongoing research is investigating how exogenous H2S can induce sensitivity in bacteria. Therefore, in the future, alternatives or advancements in existing antibiotics and therapies will be needed to fight bacterial diseases.

Objective: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is a rare, life-threatening infection and frequently followed and treated by otolaryngologists previously. In this study, we analyzed the diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes of SBO from the perspective of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology (IDCM). Methods: Hospitalized patients with SBO between 2012-2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory data of the patients were recorded. The patients who recovered with and without sequelae were compared. Results: The mean age of 16 SBO cases was 66 years, 75% of them were male and 87.5% had diabetes mellitus (DM). Cranial nerve and vascular/dural involvement were present in 75% and 56.3% of them, respectively. The most common isolated microorganism were P. aeruginosa, staphylococci and Candida spp. 81.2%, 43.7%, and 56% of the patients received anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, additional glycopeptide and additional antifungal drugs, respectively. The sequelae rate was 46.7% in a 24-month follow-up. Hypertension (p=0.041), duration of complaints (p=0.003), bilateral involvement of skull base (p=0.001), vascular thrombosis/inflammation or dural involvement (p=0.007), previous surgical intervention (p=0.041) and elevated ESR at the end of treatment (p=0.014) were defined as risk factors for permanent sequelae. There was no in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: SBO mainly affects older male patients with DM and causes significant sequelae in half of them. In the cases unresponsive to anti-pseudomonal agents, the addition of antifungal therapy empirically may provide a clinical response. Permanent sequelae are more common in cases with delayed diagnosis/treatment, bilateral, vascular or dural involvement, and elevated ESR at the end of treatment. ESR can be used to determine the treatment response and duration. The follow-up and treatment of SBO cases by IDCM with the support of experienced surgeons may contribute to the positive clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study, a nanoparticle liposome molecule with patent application number TR201804452A2 was used, and the Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) was found to be 1562 ppm. According to the ASTM F 1980 standard, it has been determined that the nanoparticle liposome solution kept at 37 days and 55 oC in return for one-year stability preserves its effectiveness. Our study aimed to show that the newly developed solution maintains its effectiveness for a long time. Methods: CLSI M07-A10 (Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Tenth ed. Approved Standard) standard test method of the nanoparticle liposome solution developed with a technique different from the standard ozonation mechanisms, and antibacterial tests were performed by modifying the contact time and the MIC value of the solution, and its effect on time has been determined. For the stability test of the nanoparticle liposome solution, it was kept at 55 oC for 37 days in return for one-year stability according to the ASTM F 1980 standard. Results: MIC of nanoparticular ozone solution CLSI M07-A10 standard test method for S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) strains by modifying contact time It was determined as 1.562 ppm. For S. aureus (ATCC 25923), at the end of the first hour, it was determined that the activity started at 2000 and 1750 ppm nanoparticle liposome solution concentration. For E. coli (ATCC 25922) it was determined that the activity started at the 10th minute at 2000 ppm nanoparticular ozone solution concentration. The solution was still effective at the end of one year according to the ASTM F 1980 standard in terms of effectiveness. Conclusions: As a result, the nanoparticle liposome solution, a new product, does not lose its stability and effectiveness for a long time, contrary to what is known. Although the half-life of gaseous ozone is as short as 20 minutes, the stability in the nanoparticle liposome solution has been determined as at least one year. Since nanoparticle liposome solution is a natural and slow-release product, it is thought that it can create a barrier in mucosal membranes in regions such as the nose, throat, eye and ear with solutions to be prepared in appropriate doses thus preventing bacteria from settling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) Enterococcus in broiler meat samples obtained from Antalya and Isparta provinces was investigated and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates was detected. A total of 32 HLAR Enterococcus strains were isolated in this study. Isolates were identified as 18 E. faecium, 5 E. faecalis, 5 E. durans, 3 E. avium and 1 E. casseliflavus by molecular methods. As a result of the disc diffusion test, HLAR Enterococcus isolates were found to be most susceptible to ampicillin (93.75%), linezolide (93.75%), penicillin G (90.62%), teikoplanine (90.62%), nitrofurantoin (78.12%), vancomycin (75%) and chloramphenicol (68.75%). It has been determined that the antibiotics to which the isolates are most resistant are erythromycin (96.87%), minocycline (96.87%), streptomycin (96.87%), and tetracycline (96.87%). Gentamicin and streptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of HLAR isolates were detected changing in the ranged from 16 to >4096 and 64 to >4096 μg/mL, respectively. According to the MIC test results, 18 out of 32 HLAR isolates were identified as both high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial resistance and the production status of ESBL, carbapenemase in community-acquired Enterobacterales members obtained from food industry workers. Methods: Hand swab samples of food workers (n: 300) working in hospitals (n: 9) and food businesses (n: 17) in Çanakkale city center and districts were taken into Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) medium. Inoculum was inoculated into EMB medium after 24 hours of incubation at 37oC. Classical identification and MALDI-TOF MS method were used to identify bacteria. Disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods were applied to measure resistance against cefotaxime, ceftazidime, meropenem and ertapenem antibiotics and were evaluated according to EUCAST 2020. ESBL and carbapenemase phenotypic confirmation tests were performed according to the screening test results. The CTX-M gene was investigated in ESBL positive isolates using the PCR method. Results: Distribution of 222 gram-negative bacteria on the basis of species; 129 (%58.1) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 32 (14.4%) Enterobacter cloacae, 31 (13.9%) Acinetobacter baumannii, 11 (4.9%) Escherichia coli, 8 (3.6%) Enterobacter asburiae, 4 (1.8%) Escherichia hermanni, 3 (1.4%) Enterobacter aerogenes 2 (0.9%) Klebsiella oxytoca, 2 (0.9%) Enterobacter cancerogenus. It was determined that 7 (3.7%) of the Enterobacterales members (n: 191) were resistant to cefotaxime (<17 mm) according to clinical limit values. According to the combined disc and double disc synergy test results of 13 isolates whose cefotaxime inhibition diameter was detected below the ESBL screening limit value, 2 bacteria (K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae) were found to be ESBL positive. According to the PCR method, it was determined that the K. pneumoniae isolate carried the CTX-M gene and was isolated from a food worker in the hospital. No carbapenem resistance was found in any of the Enterobacterales strains and A. baumannii isolates. Meropenem MIC values of 46 Enterobacterales species with a meropenem inhibition zone diameter smaller than 28 mm were found between 8 mg/l and 0.125 mg/l. Combination disc test was applied to 2 isolates whose diameter was below the carbapenemase screening limit (< 25mm) and accordingly it was found that they were carbapenemase negative. Conclusion: The low rate of resistant bacteria hand carriers in the community (3.7%), the very low ESBL positivity of the community-acquired isolates (1.04%), and the absence of carbapenemase positivity suggest that antibiotic resistant isolates are low in food workers. The detection of gram-negative bacteria in this number of food workers made us think that hygiene training should be given importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole class antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria, protozoa, and parasites. The low solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is the major obstacle to the development and large-scale production of oral solid dosage forms due to its adverse effect on drug absorption and bioavailability. In this study, inclusion complex formation was carried out with 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin to increase the solubility and stability of metronidazole, which has a lipophilic structure and low water solubility. The influence of 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin on the metronidazole solubility was evaluated in respect of the phase solubility method. The complexation of metronidazole with 2- hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin was proven by high performance liquid chromatography method. Liquid chromatographic determination was carried out on a Kinetex Core-Shell C8 (Phenomenex, 150 x 4.6 mm I.D., 2.6 µm) column at 25oC. The acetonitrile-water binary mixture containing 30% (v/v) acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase. As a result, the stoichiometry of the complex was 1:1 and the stability constant of the complex was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is commonly a nosocomial pathogen with multiple drug resistance, although it has been reported in communityacquired infections. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is prefered as the first antibiotic in the treatment of S. maltophilia infections. In hospitalized patients, the respiratory tract is the body area that it is most frequently isolated. Although it is known about the bacteria that it causes the formation of biofilms due to its ability to attach to plastic surfaces, relatively little is known in terms of virulence factors. The aim of our study is to compare the property of biofilm formation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary isolates of S. maltophilia. Methods: A total of 78 S. maltophilia isolates isolated from 37 pulmonary and 41 extrapulmonary specimens were included in the study. The identfication of the isolates were performed in Vitek MS (bioMérieux, Fransa) automated system. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disc diffusion method. All isolates were investigated for biofilm formation by microtitration plate method. The relation of the pulmonary or extrapulmonary specimens with the biofilm formation was statistically investigated. Results: All of the isolates were found susceptible to trimetoprim-sulphametaxozole. Biofilm formation was detected in 68 of 78 (87.2%) S. maltophilia isolates. Biofilm formation of S. maltophilia isolates that isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens were detected as 35/37 (94.6%), 33/41 (80.5%), respectively. There was no statistical relationship between pulmonary or extrapulmonary samples and biofilm forming capability. Conclusion: It was observed that a significant part (87.2%) of all strains included in the study were formed biofilms. It was seen that the biofilm activity of the pulmonary specimens was proportionally higher than extrapulmonary specimens. However, there was no significant difference in terms of biofilm formation between the strains isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens. It was also detected that there was no development of resistance to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. New comprehensive studies on this subject may contribute to a better understanding of the virulence mechanisms of S. maltophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]