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Many Human Resources professionals wonder about the relationship between turnover and revenue. The main reason of that is an assumption which turnover has a negative impact on performance and revenue. With this assumption, many human resources department managers consider a lot of high cost applications to decrease personnel turnover. This research proves there is no relationship between personnel turnover and revenue in terms of cause and effect issues in the retail sector. However, personnel turnover has a positive effect on revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for measuring the intellectual capital in primary schools and to examine intellectual capital in terms of some variables. The population of this study, which is in a descriptive scanning model, consists of the teachers working in the primary schools in Malatya in 2012-2013 academic year. The sample of this study consists of the teachers who were selected randomly from the population by disproportional cluster sampling method. After performing the pre-application of the scale on 160 teachers, validity and reliability tests were performed. Then, the questionnaires were administered to 480 teachers. After performing the validity and reliability analyses, data was analyzed by multiple linear regression method. As a result of the analyses, this scale was found to have three dimensions such as; human capital, structural capital and relational capital. According to the results, while the variable of time which the teachers spend at school out of class hours predicts positively all the dimensions and the sum of the scale, the variable of the turnover rate of the teachers predicts the human capital negatively. The variable of "the number of teachers each school has" did not predict any dimension of intellectual capital. To increase all the dimensions of intellectual capital at schools, it would be helpful for ensuring the teachers to stay in school out of the class hours. Besides, to increase the human capital, it would be helpful for educational administrators to decrease the turnover rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of human capital increases efficiency of labor force and contributes to productivity of all the other factors of production as well. Therefore, human capital is a critical factor that has an influence on economic and social development of a country. One of the most important factors affecting development of human capital is the level of basic education. Thus, it is aimed to offer basic education in Turkey in a more widespread fashion and sufficiently. However, the level attained as a result of investments in basic education in Turkey shows various differences or similarities in terms of geographical regions or provinces. This study aims at classifying provinces by the help of indicators representing the attained level as a result of basic education practices as a factor of human capital in Turkey. The results of Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis have shown that provinces are classified similarly to a great extent, but that there are significant differences among clusters created as per related variables. It is deemed rational to consider those differences or similarities among provinces while making investments to improve basic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developments in the theory of human capital, the studies investigating the effects of health on economic growth by adopting the human capital components has come in to prominence. In economics literature, a large number of applied studies have been conducted that demonstrates the positive effects of health on economic growth and the findings of these studies has encouraged countries to devote more resources to the field of health. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of health on economic growth between the years of 1967-2010. According the findings of the study; there is a one way causal relationship from the number of patients per health care providers, number of beds of health care institutions to real GDP. Similarly, there is a one way relationship from number of hospitals to real GDP in %10 significance level. A causal relationship between life expectancy and the real GDP couldn't be found. In econometric analysis, it has been found that overall proxy health variables Granger cause economic growth. However, this causality is one way causality from proxy variables to real GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial relations together with the social and economic developments have experienced substantial changes through a transformation process from the industrial society to the information society. The most important underlying reason for this transition is the rapid changes in information technologies. These technologies affect organizations and require them to change as much as they change and affect everyday of life. Because globalization, gained momentum with technological innovations and the disappearance of borders in all areas in global markets have led organizations to look for new ways to survive and thus, organizations should follow new oppurtunites and make changes in their structures to keep up with the developments. Otherwise, they would fail to realize their goals and targets, and ultimately they would disappear. Consequently, change is a indisputable fact in today's world forces organizations to produce financial and physical capital, human capital effectiveness, and the result is directly proportional to the effectiveness and competence. The purpose of this study, is to change and establish a correlation of human capital literature, especially in the first degree of change which is required to perform a successful express ability or power to examine the human capital literature. In this research, after emphasized on which reasons these changes stem from, and on their characteristics, it was debated over the importance of role of human capital in the organizational change process and the situations which makes the change needed. In today's world that is questioned the role of hnowledge- based society and knowledge is more important than ever, the capital of human has been accepted as a driving force in the process of change and renewal of old buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to present either financial or non financial reflections of regulations brought in the frame of human resources activities of TMS 19 Employee Benefits Standards on financial statements of corporations whose shares traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). As a result of the research which adopts content analysis method, it is found out that all of the corporations which took part in the research have reported various information about the employee benefits regulated by TMS 19 Standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sosyal anlamda toplumun tüm kesimlerini öncelikli olarak ilgilendiren eğitim, kamu hizmetleri bağlamında en önemli harcama alanları arasında yer almaktadır. Eğitim, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gerek bütçedeki miktarı, gerekse bakış açısı yönünden yıllarca çok geri planda bırakılmıştır. Toplumların yönetsel, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel gelişimi önündeki en büyük engel olarak duran olumsuz tabloyu ortadan kaldırabilmek için, eğitimin tüm alanlarına büyük önem vermek ve bu bağlamda eğitim alanında önemli yatırımlar ve harcamalar yapmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için ekonomik büyüme ile eğitim harcamaları arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, eşbütünleşmeye sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılmış ve sadece kısa dönemde eğitim harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Education which is a priority concern for all sections of society is one of the important expenditure items in the context of public services. Especially in the developing countries the amount of education in the budget has not been sufficient. To eliminate this situation which is one of the biggest obstacles in front of economic growth, social and cultural developing, there is need to increase the expenditures on education. In this study, it has been aimed to analyze the relationship between economic growth and education expenditures for Turkey. To this end, the bounds test is used and it has been concluded that education expenditures affect economic growth positively only in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present time which economic, social and cultural changes have existed, education not only develops essence of person but also provides development of country of the so-called person as human capital. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the positions of Turkey according to European member countries in terms of education and labor indicators and to determine the similarities and / or the differences. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) had been applied to data obtained from Eurostat for 27 European member countries and Turkey in terms of seven education and labor variables. As a result, it was seen that, the countries formed three different groups in two-dimensional space according to the analyzed variables of this search. In terms of education and labor indicators, Turkey had taken place in the same group with Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece. Turkey was in contrast of Luxembourg, Slovakia and Cyprus while the most similar countries were Malta, Romania, Portugal and Italy in means of analyzed education and labor parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beşeri sermaye seviyesini etkileyen temel deḡişkenlerden biri saḡlıktaki iyileşmelerdir. Bebek ve çocuk ölüm oranlarındaki azalma ve doḡumda yaşam beklentisindeki artış saḡlıktaki iyileşmenin temel göstergeleridir. Bu deḡişkenlerdeki iyileşmenin temel kaynaḡı eḡitimdeki iyileşmelerdir. Literatüre katkı yapan çalışmalar çeşitli göstergelerden yararlanmak suretiyle eḡitim ile saḡlık arasında uzun dönemde bir ilişki olduḡunu ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu makalede eḡitim göstergesi olarak cinsiyet eşitsizliḡi kullanılmıştır. Çünkü eḡitimde cinsiyet eşitsizliḡi bebek ve beş yaş altı çocuk ölüm oranlarını güçlü oranda etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada eḡitimde cinsiyet eşitsizliḡi ve saḡlık göstergeleri arasındaki ilişki Türkiye için incelenmiştir. 1968-2006 dönemine ait yıllık veriler Johansen eş-bütünleşme yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik analiz sonuçlarına göre eḡitimde cinsiyet eşitsizliḡinin saḡlıḡa etkisi uzun dönemde pozitiftir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to establish a balance between the tasks and the financial resources of universities of which are emphasized particulary on scientific/academic freedom and autonomy.in the Constitution. Staff policies constitute one of the biggest areas of struggle of universities which have had difficulty in doing their assigned tasks due to insufficient financial resources most of the time. Movements of staff that are subject to the legislation and directly related to the current fiscal years budget affects the capacity of universities to do business. Although the models of employment in the various statutes, legislative process and the need for and shortage of financial resources force to run the desired size of personnel. Thanks to policies to be followed, it is required to fully realize the free areas for universities in the long term within the scientific autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is one of the most important elements of human capital that determines economic development at macro level and individual income at micro level. For this reason, spending on education is an investment, whether it is done by individuals or by the state. Evaluation of education as an investment brings the question to mind-"What is the return on this investment, compared to other alternative investments?" Return on investments in education is calculated by taking into consideration the education expenditures made during the training, opportunity cost of time spent on education and expectations of future returns. The purpose of this study is to calculate the private rate of return on their investment for the university training of graduate students from faculty of humanities, faculty of education, faculty of law, faculty of communication sciences and faculty of economics and administrative sciences providing education at the undergraduate level of Eskisehir Anadolu University. For this purpose, a survey was made to those who has graduated from these faculties between the years 1999-2009 and the return on higher education were calculated in respect to the data obtained. A cost-benefit analysis method was used for calculating the internal rate of return. As a result of research, among related faculties, the highest return on education investment was found to be law school faculty. Respectively faculty of communication sciences, faculty of economic and administrative sciences, faculty of education and faculty of humanities followed this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the effects of elements of human capital, structural capital and customer capital which constitute intellectual capital concept on the banks which are active in banking sector have been examined. 475 of bank employees constitute the sample of the research. The statements which consist of 35 items have been given to the participants and their thoughts have been asked. In consequence of the analysis made, it can be stated that there are the elements of intellectual capital in banking sector in Central Anatolia Region and in this context the banks which have intellectual capital assets are close to each other. Being structural capital asset weak in comparison with other intellectual capital elements introduce the necessity that the banks give the required importance in respect to informatics substructures, in company training, technological developments and technical substructure and make investment. In addition to this, that the banks present a positive working atmosphere and a fair wage system to its employees can be evaluated as structural capital factors of the banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we look at the development of human resources management, operational, technical, and activity-based approach, an evolution towards the formation of strategic decision-making structures, we see that affect. Most of this evolution of human resource management to create business value, impact on business results felt the impact. Individual goals with organizational strategies in general, the biggest problem is disconnect. This issue of human resources actions and decisions adversely affects the value added created by. When we look at the future role of human resources, talent management, strategic business partner, demographic risks inherent in the concept of managing and monitoring the global economy have been revealed. From this perspective, the human resources business functions by other functions, is becoming the place and role of continuous debate. The biggest reason to produce business results Human Resources and organizational structure, usually focusing on the external customer and as a result of excessive human resources strategies with business strategies based on yürütememedir together. Human resources function affects people, or people connected to the new mission is to increase the success of the organization by improving decisions. This new high-quality services to respond to the needs of the recipients paradigma offering a “value” defines the proposal. Focus on product-based solution-based focus in this definition is an accurate conversion. Looking at this point to guide the market value of the human resources function in organizations, how intangible assets focus on the compelling need to focus on value bid. This need is a new role of human resources and raises new competencies to be portrayed. Human capital development of the concept as an effective metric and analytic capability development, information technology can assist in the development of human resources function. In this sense, the micro-level study in Izmir companies have realized the concept of human resources points of view seeks to question the purpose. A questionnaire study of 91 companies operating in Izmir has been reached, the managers were asked their opinions about dignity, The validity and reliability analysis was made by using SPSS 15 model . As a result of the study, the initial hypothesis, the results of the study demonstrated consistency. As a result of this study, the development of human resources functions and take part in strategic decisions and recommendations formed a team to take on acting as a catalyst. The height of the original side of the sample and as a result of this study was obtained from the data and the accuracy of this data is on the opposing proposals we will. Market-based measurement systems for human resources and business results brought by the introduction of the concept of human capital with focus and execution are among the headlines suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid social and economic developments in the process of globalization in the world, leads to new seeking in the field of business administration day by day. In this sense, the concept of intellectual capital will ensure that firms have the advantage in global competition. This concept, available in all sectors, stands out most in the service sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of intellectual capital in the tourism sector is kind of a service in Kusadasi based on tourism firms. In order to analyze necessary search for the components of intellectual capital, a questionnaire is applied in tourism firms operating in Kusadasi. In the light of research findings, relationship between the components of the intellectual capital is revealed. Apart from relationship among the components of the intellectual capital, a couple of analysis are applied for revealing the relations between operation years and the components of intellectual capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays when versatile and big metamorphosis is experienced, the organizations exist in a suicidal competitive environment. Human being is at the center of all administrative and organizational activities under the global competitive conditions. The need for qualified people, who are the unique source that may not be substituted, increases gradually in the information age. Many reforms are made in the public enterprises in order to provide the fast, quality, productive and rational services by public administrations which face with many problems. One of the problems, which are mostly faced in the public administrations that are desired that they reach to the private sector's performance, is the lack of qualified human resources and lack of measurable, certain, net performance criteria. Studies on rearranging the public administrations have focused on the human resources of the organizations and their performances in paralleling to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to determine the reasons of why the single and married women living in Turkey, in urban and rural areas do participate the labour force through the 2002-2008 period. In other words, this study aims to search the reasons affecting the women's decision of working. To this end, the study is conducted via a pooled data set merged by putting together the data gathered from Household Budget Surveys of the years 2002-2008. Logit model analysis is conducted for application. The results of the analysis illustrated that, education level, household income, dependency ratio, ownership of the property and women's age are the most important factors as to the women's decision of participating to labour force regarding the married and single women. Furthermore, the number of children reduces the labour force participation in urban areas while increases in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article inquires as to whether Turkey can be among the ten largest economies of the world in 2023. According to the theory of growth, saving and investment, human capital, research and development efforts and the resulting technological development are the factors that cause economies to grow. The saving and investment ratios of Turkey have been declining since 1988. The average level of education of the labor force and the quality of education are both improving, but according to the predictions in this article, in 2023, the education level of the labor force will continue to be below most of Turkey's rivals. Research and development efforts are also improving, but considering the other negative developments, it is concluded that the progress in research and development will be insufficient to take Turkey into the group of top ten countries in 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been led to a discussion of human resources and management that the businesses which are implementing most modern managements of human resources and most popular fashion models of management have fallen victim to the crisis. This situation, particularly to tourism businesses of all businesses led to new searches. That the businesses investing in human and are aware of human's most valuable assets are successful in uncertainty and intense competition and the businesses which have got large physical capital live a major jolt in this process, it has revealed that the most important capital is intellectual capital or human assets in the businesses. In this context, the businesses must address not only as a strategic resource, but also as a strategic partner and asset; need to develop and implement policies in this regard. At the same time also this function must reflect the content with a positive connotation and perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the existence of nonlinear relationship between tertiary education and economic growth in the period of the Republic of Turkey, using annual time series data from 1924 to 2009. The econometric approach of this paper is based on the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model. The empirical results show evidence of one threshold value and the graduates of tertiary education have a positive contribution to economic growth above this value. The findings of this study exhibit that the government must be invest much more for the higher education to promote the development of the Turkish economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is possible to define social capital as networks, norms and trust based on resources of human relations. These resources are facilitating individuals' access to knowledge, thoughts, opportunities, financial capital, power and cooperation. From this aspect social capital is expected to have positive impacts on individual earnings.One of the important concepts of economics is human capital which creates essential differences on individual earnings. This concept defined as knowledge, skills, abilities and qualifications of individuals which facilitates creation personal, social and economical welfare through investments about human.While human capital is arising, the productivity and personal earning of individuals are expected to raise. A well supported social and human capital creates an improvement in macroeconomy besides their economic return on individual. So it makes an additional contribution on the economic performance of the countries.In this study it's aimed to be addressed economical returns of social capital and human capital's on the theoretical respect and estimating the effects of social capital and human capital's on the personal income level. In the semi-logarithmicMincerian earnings function which is used in analysis, social capital is represented by variables of trust, norms and participation to networks and human capital is represented by variables of educational level and experience in business. The data used in the econometric analysis has been acquired by a survey that was applied in the city center of Eskisehir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual freedoms and democracy spread across all countries very fast. As a result of these developments, governments have to pay more attention to the policies that increase the welfare of their citizens. The increase in the welfare of the society requires economic development. But, the economic development is only possible with the activation of fundamental dynamics of economic development, not with the temporary populist policies. One of these fundamental dynamics is technological progress. The use of technology in the process of production has increased the factor productivity in the economic development. On the other hand, the development of technology and the use of it in the process of production are closely related with the quality of human capital. For the developing countries, like Turkey, the realization of economic development depends on improvement of the quality of human capital. Unless Turkey achieves this, it does not make sense to allocate resources on R&D. Therefore, education must be the primary area to allocate resources to increase the quality of human capital. This requires providing better education for more people. It must be aimed to make university education available for more people by increasing capacities and establishing new universities; to match the qualification needs of industries with the qualifications of unemployed; to improve skills of workers by providing continuous education and job training programs; to provide labor force participation of women through the use of vocational education. In short, Turkey must target by implementing the life-long learning culture in all areas, since human capital forms the foundation of endogenous growth theories. The aim of the study is to investigate the concept of human capital, the relationship between human capital and economic development, the development problem of Turkey and the position of human capital of Turkey comparing with other countries. In the study, first, related literature is reviewed and the results of the empirical studies are summarized, then the relationship between human capital and economic growth is tested using a multi-linear regression model on the data of 177 member countries of United Nations. The study reveals that human capital is very important for economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has two purposes. Firstly, the effects of nepotism-favoritism and cronyism on the employees working at Turkish Public banks are analyzed. The second aim is analyzing the relationship between the human resource practices at public banks and effects of nepotism and cronyism. Data was gathered by questionnaire method. The research is carried on 243 employees working public banks operating in Ankara. According to the research it can be understood that nepotism and cronyism, types of favoritism, have negative effects on the employees. As nepotism and cronyism arise, the employees' job stress arise, but their job satisfaction, trust on the employer and motivation decrease. This leads to a decrease on the employees' organizational commitment, and an increase on their intention to quit. Also, as the human resource practices increase at the organizations, the negative effects of nepotism-favoritism and cronyism on the employees decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic globalization since 1970'es have increased the importance of world cities in the global economy, and a global urban system has emerged. Economic development is clustered in metropolitan regions and their periphery, which have certain advantages for international trade, such as proximity and historical connections; leading to sustaining regional inequalities. In this context, core, semiperipheral and peripheral areas form a global economic system. Transnational companies and transformation of production systems into more flexible forms play key roles in this spatial restructuring processes. Turkey's integration to the global economy which gained impetus in the post 1970 period has likely lead to similar spatial developments. The Neoclassical regional growth theory foresees a decrease in regional inequalities among countries or regions in the long run, due to decreasing returns to capital.. According to Solow's growth model, initially poorer regions grow faster and catchup with richer regions. Endogenous growth theories reject the Neoclassical theory which assumes technology as a purely exogenous process, and propose that regional inequalities in productivity rates could be persistent due to local knowledge growth and diffusion, or, growth of human capital. Postneoclassical empirical findings furthermore show that productivity growth may not be limited to a region and spatial spillovers may lead to growth of productivity in neighbor regions. Empirical studies about Turkey provide evidence of productivity convergence and first order neighbor region effects on productivity growth in the pre-1995 period. However, it should not be thought that spillovers are effective only for first order neighbors in a country like Turkey, where sharp differences between Eastern and Western provinces are observed. Spatial spillover effects may span longer distances, as evident elsewhere in the world. Apart from such spillovers empirical studies on Turkey have also demonstrated that human capital has an effect on per capita productivity growth in Turkey in the pre1995 period. It is thought that this is still an important cause of productivity growth at the regional level, in the period 19902000. Three questions are asked regarding theoretical approaches and empirical findings on Turkey. Has regional inequalities in productivity rates decreased, or, in other words, is there beta convergence in Turkey during 1990-2000? Do long distance spatial spill-overs have an impact on regional growth? And last, but not the least: Did growth of human capital have an effect on regional growth? In order to answer these questions, three variables are identified and a conditional beta convergence model is specified. The model is in the form of a log-linear cross-sectional model where the dependent variable is the productivity growth per worker in a region. Furthermore, it incorporates neighborhood effects within 500 km. Particularly, the model incorporates the influence of initial productivity levels of neighbor regions on growth of productivity within a region. A preliminary Moran's I test demonstrates that there is significant but weak spatial autocorrelation between the initial per worker productivity levels of neighbor regions and the growth rate of per worker productivity in a region. The model is estimated by using an OLS estimation procedure. The result is an adjusted R2 of 0.39. Usual tests like Breusch-Pagan and White tests show that hetero-skedasticity is not a problem and Jarque Bera test is not significant. Therefore, the model is thought to be thoroughly specified. Findings suggest that initially poorer regions grow faster, pointing to convergence. The speed of convergence is about 1.89% per annum, which indicates a half-life of approximately 37 years. The result suggests that the inequalities between productive and less productive regions are decreasing slowly. As expected, initial productivity levels of neighbor regions have a positive impact on growth of productivity in a region. Therefore, it could be concluded that spatial spillovers reach far distances, leading to growth in semi-peripheral areas. The strongest impact on productivity growth belongs to the human capital variable. Excessive growth of per worker scientific and technical professionals is an important determinant of productivity growth. Although the results suggest conditional convergence, they also point that regional growth is stronger in regions around developed metropolitan regions. Regional inequalities are likely to persist between East and West for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, many companies have been using several methodologies for obtaining alteration and improvement in their business processes and they have been allocating their resources for these methodologies. The main resources are human resources and required project budget for its facilities. Lean Six Sigma is one of the methodologies' which business world has mostly focused on in recently. Companies have assigned substantially resources for application of Lean Six Sigma project. However, this does not mean all lean Six Sigma projects will be successful at all for all companies. For some companies, Lean Six Sigma projects applications have not been successful. Therefore, companies have suffered from wasting time, losing money and loss of motivation. In this study, the reasons of failure in Lean Six Sigma project have been examined; the issues to be dealt with for successful projects have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expectations of the human resource that have an important role in the success of organization differ in time. Perceived organizational support (POS) for employees is an important factor which affects employees' attitudes. The study focuses on the determination of the effects of POS on work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), organizational identification (OI) and turnover intention (TI). Five variables, discussed at the research which is related to defense sector employees, were analyzed with structural equation model and mediating effects were researched according to the derived data. As a result of analysis, it was determined that POS has significant effect on WFC, FWC, OI and TI. It was also determined that WFC and OI has a partial mediating role on POS's effect on TI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital, intangible assets of an organization mobilizing the resources it provides long-term life and do not appear in the balance sheet as assets as defined, information is based on a new type of capital. Patents and trademarks of the organization has received the organization's reputation, customer loyalty, such as abstract elements, in other words, information, and such assets are shown as are the basis of the capital. These assets, intellectual capital is separated into three basic components. The first, is the human capital and employee organizations of past experience, business skills refers to. Second, structural capital and the organization's culture and structure had settled into the habit of doing business and professionalism includes. Third, the relational or social capital and intellectual capital is the most important component. This type of capital, do business with organizations around the connection with other organizations that is based on. A social network, this mechanism contained in the bonds of members based on their capacity utilization means that they created. Actors within this network mechanism, the organization itself or the units can take an active role. This study, to companies affected by the global crisis, the crisis of social capital as a way out of a capacity to offer tips and suggestions for how could be increased. For this reason, study, an alternative approach as a means firms can exit from the crisis of social networking mechanism for how configurations and relational capital, how and in what form of action needed, the basic problematically respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a natural consequences of concepts such as the international competition, globalization, technological developments and changes of the customer expectations, and transition from industrial society into information society, the significance of human resources have gradually increased for organizations and thereby considerably stressing the importance of human concept. The satisfaction of the human resources has become the success of the organizations. Therefore, it is now a necessity that the high performance and substantial organizations should strictly have enterprising, skilled and high performance, flexible and adaptable staff at the new recent developments. It is of vital importance to have an efficient, productive, rational and well designed human resources management today. In this point, it is also substantial to ensure a well worker selection, training and planning, accurate and uninterrupted performance management system, as well as a process including the face to face relations and strategic human resources components focused on human resources through an efficient empowerment for empowered and powerful workers. Empowerment has become one of the essential management methods to be employed in order for enabling the organizational competition advantage with regard to management. Taking the responsibility and authorization of the personnel related to the position, and the authorization to make decision for the relevant position that is, strengthening are designated for increasing the organizational efficiency. Empowerment the personnel is of importance for adapting the responsibility of the personnel at organizational targets. It is therefore considered that empowerment increases the organizational satisfaction and efficiency and provide the competition advantage and increase the service quality by increasing the work satisfaction and organizational commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there isn't any common decision on corruption, the misuse of the public power or authority for private use, affecting economic growth past studies there is a growing empirical finding about the negative affect of corruption on economic growth nowadays. This article focuses on the transmission channels that corruption affects economic growth. Corruption affects economic growth through political instability (inefficient decision making), investment and human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth literature shows that there is a direct and strong relationship between human capital accumulation and the growth of national income. This study aims to analyze the importance of human capital in regional economic development of Turkey. In terms of data, Turkish Statistical Institute's First Level Regional data has been used for the period of 1990-2001. We considered education and health investments as components of economics growth. Since there is no city level economic growth data available for Turkey, we used GDP figures as indicator of economic growth. In order to determine the regional differences E-Views 5.0 Econometric Package has been used and the required tests have been done. The results indicate that even if not for all, some regions show statistically different characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly emphasized in the international policy agenda as well as in the "FDI spillover" literature that the inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flow has positive impacts on the growth of host countries by creating new employment opportunities, accumulation of capital stock, and "spillovers" of superior technology and knowledge to host economy and to local firms. Especially for less developed countries which are generally associated with limited capital accumulation, low level of industrial and technological capability and insufficient human capital, transfer of advanced technological knowledge is regarded a critical factor to upgrade their national technological capabilities. Thus, in order to benefit from technology spillovers that occur "autonomously" as a result of quantitative accumulation of FDIs in the national economy, it is generally suggested for less developed countries to improve their national investment climate to attract more Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs). However, previous studies in different country contexts showed that in cases where the necessary local conditions and capabilities were lacking, the transfer of technological knowledge from FDIs did not occur, and on the contrary to what was expected, the long-term effects of FDIs to the host countries have been negative. Moreover, even the existence of the business linkages between MNCs' foreign affiliates and local firms themselves can not guarantee the flow of technological knowledge. Transfer of highvalue added knowledge requires certain level of capabilities and efforts of both MNC foreign affiliates and local firms, and certain level of collaboration among them. This research aims to explore how the technology using and technology creating capabilities of local firms affect the knowledge transfer content, intensity and channels from the foreign affiliates of multinational corporations to local firms in supplier-buyer relationships. The methodological approach of this research is based on qualitative analysis of case studies and face-to-face in-depth interviews with the respondents of 7 local supplier firms and 7 foreign affiliates of MNCs. The findings of case studies with local supplier firms showed that the production scales, production capabilities and design capabilities of local firms have significant impacts on their positions in the supply chain of their customer firms, on the nature of their relationships with their customer firms, and on the channels, content and intensity of knowledge transfer from the foreign affiliates of multinational customer firms. … [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general meaning, performance appraisal is a systematic evaluation which is made through comparing one's skills, potential talent, work routines, behaviors and such qualities with others, besides forms a basis to determine the needs of Human Resources for the future. Therefore, the existence of a Human Resources Information System (HRIS) that will support human resources administration during the decision process became absolutely necessary. Effective use of performance appraisal by current Human Resources Information System practices in companies became much more important with the Labour Law No. 4857/2003, which provides regulations for companies on securing employees' rights. The aim of this study is to reveal the effectiveness of performance appraisal with Human Resources Information System by how the HRIS -- Performance Appraisal is effective and whether it is used in the way of desired degrees (if it is effective in point of time and cost) or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Objective: Automotive sector in Turkey is a risk- intensive sector classified under the IV Risk Group. Our study was planned in order to analyze the records of the occupational accidents in 2007 and share our findings. • Material and Method: All records of the occupational accidents that occurred in a privately-owned automotive factory in Adana between 2004 and 2007 were obtained. Interviews were made with people who experienced occupational accident and the processes performed following the accident and their consequences were analyzed and reported. Our study is a cross- sectional, retrospective and descriptive- qualitative one. • Results: There were 2025 workers; including 1334 (64.9%) blue collars and 712 white collars (35.1%) in the factory. Following the efforts to improve the work health and safety under the scope of this system, a decrease by 61.1% in the number of occupational accidents was achieved in 2007 in comparison to tha of 2004, in addition to a decrease by 63.9% in the loss of labor day. It was found that most of the accidents occurred between 10.00 -11.00 am (14.5%): in september and on the mechanical line (19.0%). The most frequently seen accident type was cutting and excoriating by 43.0%. • Conclusion: It is utmost necessary that occupational accidents occurred are analyzed and relevant measures are taken in order to prevent the accidents in all enterprises, primarily the intensive-risk enterprises. Development and implementation of such practices will have significant contribution to the enterprises and the country, but primarily for the individuals in terms of human resources and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth literature shows that there is a direct and strong relationship between human capital accumulation and the growth of national income. This study aims to analyze the importance of human capital in regional economic development of Turkey. In terms of data, Turkish Statistical Institute's First Level Regional data has been used for the period of 1990-2001. We considered education and health investments as components of economics growth. Since there is no city level economic growth data available for Turkey, we used GDP figures as indicator of economic growth. In order to determine the regional differences E-Views 5.0 Econometric Package has been used and the required tests have been done. The results indicate that even if not for all, some regions show statistically different characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to determine whether reengineering is applied to firms in industrial zone in Turkey, aims of reengineering projects, key persons in projects and their roles, areas that projects applied, information technology used in projects and problems that encountered applying of projects. For this object, as a result of analized inquiry it is found that the most widespread informatics technology in reengineering practices is the job flow systems. Beside this, It is seen that the most important problems encountered in reengineering projects are insufficient financial and human resources, deficient informatics technology and specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, economic growth still maintains its important position in national economies worldwide. Thus, economists try to explore the possible reasons of different patterns of economic growth among countries. It is widely accepted that once dominant Neo Classic approach to economic growth has failed to explain these differences so far. Since the earlier times of economics science, human capital has been considered the most important component of production. However, recently, qualified labor force has started to replace human capital as the most important component. The most recent growth models suggest that country's human capital, foreign trade policy, the level of financial development and public expenditures are highly influential on economic growth. This study aims at exploring the relationship between economic growth and investments on education, a clear indicator of the presence of human capital, in Turkish context. The method used in the present study is Granger Causality Test. The results of the study show that there is no reciprocal causality relationship between the growth in Turkish economy and investments made on education. One-way causality relationship is found only from educational investment to economic growth. No relationship is found from economic growth to educational investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies concerning the measurement, valuation and accounting of intellectual capital assets constituted an important research area behind new knowledge economy. Locally, Turkish Accounting Standard 38 "Intangible Assets" defines the legal framework on this subject as of fiscal periods after 2005. The fair value of Human Capital which regarded as a major element of intellectual assets was calculated by a methodology described herein, under the accounting approach emphasized at TMS-38 principles. The significant impact of calculated human capital assets to the market value of the company were statistically measured and analyzed. The methodology and approach was verified through five year data sets (2003-2007) of a selected company registered at Istanbul Capital Markets and also enlisted within top 50 company of Turkey according to the Istanbul Industrialists Chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining a link between organizational strategy and human resources practices have a role as fuel for the organizations to reach and carry on their competitive advantages. In this study relationship between the strategy types developed by Miles and Snow, Porter, Burns and Stalker and human resources management systems and applications are discussed under fit analysis. A general look on Human Resources, its relation with strategy, fit context and the issue are also discussed with different point of views. Organizational strategy and human resources applications are set according to the strategy types. At the end of the study it is expressed that there are numerous different ways for different strategies. If we move on the context that every organization is unique, they will have human resources applications compatible with the strategy-organization approach chosen under their own conditions. Usually human resources approaches are changing according to changing competitive dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to analyze the work force in the agricultural sector. The study covers the topics: Characteristics of agricultural work force in Turkey, small agricultural business, agricultural manpower, and seasonal agricultural manpower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]