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Notablier forms of accumulation formed by rivers, which the most effective external force on the world, are the deltas. These landforms, which formed on accumulated sediment depositions by rivers at different times, have alluvial soil that show large variety in characteristics at short distances. The aim of this paper was determine and classify to the physical and chemical properties of different soils formed on alluvial soil in the Gönen River Delta. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software ArcGIS/ArcMap 10 packages software was used on mapping stage of the work which was performed based on scale 1:25.000 topographic map. Soil profiles were opened on three different segments of the delta and physical and chemical properties of soil samples, taken from here, have been analyzed. After all, alluvial soils in the delta was determined to limy and moderately water saturated. However, towards the coastal part of the delta of the soil structure was identified to gained an acidic character. In the delta-soil, in which the same value as the ratio of phosphorus, the proportion of potassium changes has been determined. It has been revealed the existence of classes of detail soil shaped like that Aquent and Fluvent are sub-ordo; Fluvaquent ve Xerofluvent are whole group; Typic Fulvaquent and Vertic Xerofluvent are sub-groups in the Gönen River Delta, where the soil is located ordo-Entisol according to soil taxonomy. All in all, it has been observed to the geomorphological features of delta have a dominant influence on soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater plays a critical role in arid West China where water is the limiting factor for development. This paper first describes groundwater characteristics in a region of four arid inland river watersheds and the problems associated with groundwater consumption. This region exhibits a unique alternating pattern of high mountains and depressions, which results in extensive interactions of surface water and groundwater. Then the authors propose six strategies to support adequate exploitation and use of groundwater in the region. These strategies are: 1) setting up a groundwater monitoring system; 2) forming a unified watershed authority, 3) protecting mountain ecology; 4) increasing the efficiency of groundwater usage; 5) protecting groundwater; and 6) supporting advanced research. The implementation of these strategies should be built upon the promotion of sustainable economic development and broad public support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]