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Aim: To establish the relationship between consuming foods considered risk factors for gastric cancer and trophic changes in gastric mucosa. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 admitted for upper GI endoscopy with biopsies who adequately answered a survey of personal history and eating habits. Those with a history of gastric cancer or gastric surgical resection for any reason were excluded. The association between feeding variables and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa was estimated. Results: In a population of 1,096 patients, the average age was 51 years (standard deviation [SD]: 15.5), and 59% were women. Trophic changes in the gastric mucosa were identified in 173 patients (15.8%). No statistical association was found between the independent variables of eating habits, obesity, and positive Helicobacter pylori versus the variable "trophic changes," unlike the variable "family history of gastric cancer" (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.17, p = 0.036). One case of high-grade dysplasia was detected in the study population (0.91 cases in 1,000 patients). Conclusions: No association was established between eating habits and trophic changes in the gastric mucosa in the studied population. A family history of gastric cancer is a statistically significant risk factor for developing atrophy, metaplasia, or dysplasia changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: evaluar las variaciones en los niveles séricos de estradiol en mujeres con cáncer de mama y síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, tras la administración de promestrieno intravaginal local. Materiales y métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado. Se incluyeron 92 mujeres mayores de 40 años, tratadas por cáncer de mama HER2-positivos, residentes en Armenia (Colombia), con sintomatología de síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia (SGUM), después de seis meses de haber terminado la terapia oncológica, entre marzo de 2017 y marzo de 2018. El estado posmenopáusico se definió como 12 meses de amenorrea o 6 meses de amenorrea con niveles séricos de FSH = 40 mUI/mL o estradiol < 30 pg/mL. Se asignaron dos grupos: «A» (n=45, promestrieno) y «B» (n=47, placebo). Las del grupo «A» recibieron 10 mg intravaginal, por día, durante 21 días consecutivos, continuando 10 mg semanal por tres meses, luego cada 2 semanas hasta finalizar el estudio. Las del grupo «B» recibieron placebo en la misma forma. Se midió la concentración sérica de estradiol, globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales, testosterona libre y total, así como la hormona foliculoestimulante y hormona luteoestimulante (al inicio de la terapia, luego cada tres meses y al finalizar el estudio a los doce meses). Resultados: la edad media fue 55,26 ± 5,28 años. Al comienzo no hubo diferencias con respecto a la concentración de estradiol 29,37 ± 8,46 pg/mL (promestrieno); 28,29 ± 7,38 pg/mL (placebo), p>0,05. Al final del estudio, los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos: 33,16 ± 7,53 pg/mL versus 30,75 ± 6,93 pg/mL, respectivamente (p>0,05). Conclusiones: la terapia hormonal local con promestrieno, en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama, proporciona evidencia clínica sobre su eficacia y seguridad, con un insignificante impacto en los niveles séricos de estradiol. Objective: to assess the variations in serum estradiol levels in women with breast cancer and genitourinary syndrome of menopause, after the administration of local intravaginal promestriene. Materials and methods: randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. 92 women older than 40 years, treated for HER2-positive breast cancer, resident in Armenia, Colombia; with symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (SGUM), six months after completing oncological therapy; between March 2017 and March 2018. Postmenopausal status was defined as 12 months of amenorrhea or 6 months of amenorrhea with serum FSH levels = 40 mIU / mL or estradiol <30 pg / mL. Two groups were assigned: "A" (n = 45, promestriene) and "B" (n = 47, placebo). Those in group "A" received 10 mg intravaginally, per day, for 21 consecutive days, continuing 10 mg weekly for three months, then every 2 weeks until the end of the study. Those in group "B" received placebo in the same way. The serum concentration of estradiol, sex hormone transporter globulin, free and total testosterone, as well as follicle-stimulating hormone and lute-stimulating hormone (at the start of therapy, then every three months, and at the end of the study at twelve months) were measured. Results: the mean age was 55.26 ± 5.28 years. At the beginning, there were no differences regarding the concentration of estradiol 29.37 ± 8.46 pg / mL (promestriene); 28.29 ± 7.38 pg / mL (placebo), p> 0.05. At the end of the study, the results showed no statistically significant differences between both groups: 33.16 ± 7.53 pg / mL versus 30.75 ± 6.93 pg / mL, respectively (p> 0.05). Conclusions: local hormonal therapy with promestriene, in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, in women with a history of breast cancer, provides clinical evidence of its efficacy and safety, with a negligible impact on estradiol serum levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: the digestive, hormonal and neuroendocrine disorders and the state of immunosuppression that the celiac patient presents, leads to the development of digestive alterations, the present study aims to determine whether celiac disease is associated with the development of preneoplastic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and compares the results with a control group (non-celiac), Methods: During the period January 2016 to January 2018 at Instituto de Gastroenterología Boliviano Japones - Cochabamba, Bolivia an observational study was conducted, subtype analytical case-control, where 297 samples were obtaining of patients in a simple random way, both for the case and control group. The IMB SPSS v-20 program was used, the statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test (with p value = <0,05; 95% IC) and the epidemiological analysis with the calculation of the Odds ratio (OR). Results: a statistically and epidemiological significant association was observed for the celiac group with preneoplastic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract (p = 0,001) OR 7,23(IC 95% 5,387 -9,722) compared to the control group that presents a statistical association (p = 0,03); but with a negative epidemiological significance OR 0,708 (IC 95% 0,639 -0,783). Conclusions: there is a higher prevalence of celiac patients with preneoplastic lesions (esophageal and gastric intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy, dysplasia), compared to the non-celiac group. This demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis and investigation of this entity, avoiding the development of lesions that could be considered irreversible in the digestive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Livedoid vasculopathy is a chronic and prothrombotic skin disease. Clinically it presents with painful ulcerations in the legs, which can suffer irreversible scars. It is associated with several coagulopathies; the diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathology. CLINICAL CASES: Two female patients, of 17 and 26 years old, with a clinical histological diagnosis of livedoid vasculopathy with adequate response to treatment with rivaroxaban. CONCLUSIONS: New case reports suggest factor Xa-inhibitors, such as rivaroxaban, that may be administered via oral and do not require surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurocognitive impairment and aging are associated with atrophy of the gray matter, mesial and posterior cortical predominance in Alzheimer disease (AD). There are also alterations in the white matter. This study correlates the hippocampal volume with values of factional anisotropy, as a sign of degeneration in the white matter in 3 groups of patients, with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. Results: The volume of the right hippocampus had a mean of 2.126cc (0.727 standard deviation [SD]) for the AD group, 2.804cc (0.467 SD) for the MCI group, and 3.932cc (0.961 SD) for the control group. The volume of the left hippocampus was 2.274cc (0.48 SD) for the AD group, 2.728cc (0.653 SD) for the MCI group, and 3.807cc (0.867 SD) for the control group. Correlation between hippocampal volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the anterior temporal regions, splenium and posterior cingulate was demonstrated. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation of the hippocampal volume and a decrease in FA of the anterior temporal regions, posterior cingulate and splenius of the corpus callosum. This demonstrates association of leukopathy and decreased cortical volume, with the degree of neurocognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant percentage of patients with chronic autoimmune atrophic body gastritis (type A gastritis) develop thyroid autoimmune disease (Graves' disease or Hashimoto's disease) and vice versa. This situation is known as thyrogastric syndrome. Its prevalence is unknown, due to incomplete diagnoses. Since the development of atrophic gastritis limits the absorption of vitamin B12 leading to hematological, neurological and metabolic alterations, it is important to perform necessary diagnostic tests and to closely monitor the evolution of patients. Serological detection of autoantibodies against the thyroid gland and the gastric body show the autoimmune etiology and an inflammatory state with tissue damage. Every patient with autoimmune disease should be evaluated to rule out the presence of other pathologies of immunological etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Gastric carcinoma causes about 700 000 deaths worldwide per year. Is feasible detect it in earlier stages. The aim of this article is to assess the atrophy in the mucosa neighboring an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma by comparing the Sydney vs. OLGA systems. Methods: Twenty-eight individuals with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren) were compared with 32 non-neoplastic cases. Both groups had undergone total gastrectomy. Two pathologists made a consensus-based assessment of the atrophy in non-neoplastic corpus and antral epithelium using the Sydney and OLGA Systems. The mean, median, and distribution of the frequencies were obtained using the measuring and distribution scales of the study variables. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, both positive and negative, for gastric cancer were calculated through the dichotomy of advanced atrophy-positive and advanced atrophy-negative scales. Results: Twenty-four of the 28 cases with intestinal-type gastric carcinoma showed an advanced atrophy with the OLGA system, with a sensitivity and specificity of 77 and 85 %, respectively. Conversely, 4 of the 28 individuals showed an advanced atrophy with the Sydney system, with a sensitivity and specificity of 14 and 100 %, respectively. Conclusions: The OLGA system has a high sensitivity and specificity (77 y 85 % respectively) for the recognition of preneoplastic changes in the mucosa neighboring a gastric carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the management of a female patients with transvaginal intestinal evisceration resulting from genital and perineal trauma, as well as to describe the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this gynaecological condition based on a review of the literature. Materials and methods: Case presentation of a 63 year-old female patient with genital prolapse who fell from her own height and sustained blunt trauma and genital and perineal crush injury. Afterwards the patient presented disruption of the vaginal wall and evisceration of intestinal loops and was admitted at a referral public hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct and MD Consult databases using the key words "vaginal", "evisceration" and "trauma". The search was limited to papers written in English and Spanish. Results: Overall, 40 articles were found. Of them, 16 studies were selected: one descriptive case series while the remaining were case reports. The majority of the case reports described referred to post-menopausal patients with a history of pelvic gynaecological surgery, although there were reports of women of childbearing age with a different causal mechanism. Diagnosis is based on the clinical history and physical examination findings. It is considered to require urgent surgery and the surgical approach depends on the physical findings and the associated medical conditions. Conclusion: Transvaginal evisceration is a rare occurrence but it is considered to require urgent surgery because of potential complications associated with peritoneal contamination or necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In coastal areas of northern Chile medium or high levels of arsenic are commonly found in drinking water. Arsenic exposure may be associated with acute or chronic effects. The objective of this investigation was to determine the histological damage caused by arsenic trioxide level of the compartments of the thymus of Sprague-Dawley rats. We used 24 rats of both sexes of 55 days of life. The rats were weighed and divided into 3 groups (4 females and 4 males). In the treated groups were administered 5 mg and 10 mg of As2O3 respectively, in a single daily dose for 15 days intraperitoneally. The control group was administered distilled water without arsenic. After treatment the animals were sacrificed and the thymus removed, washed, weighed and divided into two, then fixed in 10% buffered formalin. By conventional histology samples were obtained serially every 4 thymus, 5 microns thick and separated by 100 microns each, then were stained with HE. We analyzed 30 fields (120 fields per organ). The results showed that As2O3 causes loss of cellularity in both compartments of the thymus, both in the cortex and in the bone, medullary compartment was more affected (near the corticomedullary junction). There was a significant reduction in the size of the medulla in both groups (5 and 10 mg As2O3 respectively), probably the decrease of the tissue responsible for thymic atrophy. We observed an increase in the size of the cortex in female rats treated with 10 mg of As2O3. The corticomedullary junction of the treated rats showed diffuse or difficult to distinguish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: cerebral hemiatrophy (CHA) can present in childhood or adulthood, if it presents before or after two years of age. This two entities differ in etiology, clinical presentation and imaging characteristics. The CHA of childhood or Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, is originated by intrauterine or perinatal insults that affect the perfusion of a single cerebral hemisphere, manifesting clinically by variable mental retardation, refractory epilepsy, facial asymmetry, hemiplegia/hemiparesis or abnormal movements of the contralateral extremities and by imaging studies, loss of volume in one cerebral hemisphere and ipsilateral compensatory cranial changes such as skull vault thickening, elevation of the orbital roof and petreous ridge, also hyperp-neumatization of the frontal sinus and mastoid cells. Instead, the CHA of the adult is multifactorial and by imaging it only manifests as loss of volume in one cerebral hemisphere, without compensatory changes in the skull. Cases report: we present a classic clinical case of CHA secondary to perinatal insult and another case of CHA of adulthood secondary to multiple embolic strokes in a patient with inactive rheumatic heart disease, commenting the imaging differences of these rare clinical entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: The peritoneal abscess is an infrequent entity, the insidious and variant presentation favors delay on the reporting diagnosis with a mortality rate of 39-50%. CASE REPORT: A 56 years-old woman with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections asks for help due to urinary-related symptoms, fever and lower back pains. A computed tomography (CT) is performed: hypodensity in the perirenal space and hyperdensity in the renal pelvis. A coral shaped calculus in the renal pelvis along with perirenal abscess is diagnosed. The Patient evolves on a hypotensive way, this is followed the realization of a lumbotomy incision, drainage and antibiotic therapy. Evolving favorably, she is discharged. Ten days later, she consulted again due to a feverish sensation, erythema and increased local temperature on the operation scar. A percutaneous drainage is performed along with the initiation on a non-focal antibiotic treatment due to negative urine culture. The patient progressed asymptomatically with a clear reduction of the abscess. Renal function was evaluated with an reported scintigram process of the left kidney. Left nephrectomy is pointed out. The patient responds appropriately to the antibiotic therapy and surgical procedures. she was discharged being summoned to the urology clinic. DISCUSSION: The perirenal abscess is a rare and unwieldy entity, where an early diagnosis is imperative. Despite what the literature recommends in cases of large abscesses, percutaneous drainage was effective without recurrence. As in our case, the recurrence of this condition is usually prevalent therefore recommend to accurately assess treatment and patient discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The peritoneal abscess is an infrequent entity, the insidious and variant presentation favors delay on the reporting diagnosis with a mortality rate of 39-50%. CASE REPORT: A 56 years-old woman with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections asks for help due to urinary-related symptoms, fever and lower back pains. A computed tomography (CT) is performed: hypodensity in the perirenal space and hyperdensity in the renal pelvis. A coral shaped calculus in the renal pelvis along with perirenal abscess is diagnosed. The Patient evolves on a hypotensive way, this is followed the realization of a lumbotomy incision, drainage and antibiotic therapy. Evolving favorably, she is discharged. Ten days later, she consulted again due to a feverish sensation, erythema and increased local temperature on the operation scar. A percutaneous drainage is performed along with the initiation on a non-focal antibiotic treatment due to negative urine culture. The patient progressed asymptomatically with a clear reduction of the abscess. Renal function was evaluated with an reported scintigram process of the left kidney. Left nephrectomy is pointed out. The patient responds appropriately to the antibiotic therapy and surgical procedures. she was discharged being summoned to the urology clinic. DISCUSSION: The perirenal abscess is a rare and unwieldy entity, where an early diagnosis is imperative. Despite what the literature recommends in cases of large abscesses, percutaneous drainage was effective without recurrence. As in our case, the recurrence of this condition is usually prevalent therefore recommend to accurately assess treatment and patient discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrophoderma vermiculata is a benign and rare pathology, usually sporadic, that begins before puberty. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. It is characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis and atrophy, with a slow progression that ultimately limits itself in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción La vaginitis atrófica / vulvovaginitis atrófica o atrofia vulvovaginal postmenopáusica, hoy síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, es el resultado de la pérdida de la estimulación de estrógenos en el tejido vaginal y vulvar; lo cual es una condición clínica común en mujeres posmenopáusicas, ya que aproximadamente el 50% de las mujeres en la posmenopausia presentan síntomas relacionados con la atrofia urogenital. Este síndrome es una condición clínica tan diversa en su sintomatología, que además incluye trastornos en la función sexual de las mujeres. Se ha reportado que el 32% de las mujeres con sequedad vaginal, manifiestan pérdida del interés en las relaciones sexuales. Objetivo Conocer la prevalencia del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia en mujeres en climaterio, así como evaluar su impacto en la sexualidad. Material y método Estudio descriptivo transversal con 558 mujeres climatéricas, divididas en dos grupos: menores y mayores de 55 años. Realizado en tres clínicas de la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia. Se evaluó la presencia de síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, según los conceptos de la International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health y la North American Menopause Society. Las variables sexuales fueron evaluadas mediante el "Índice de Función Sexual Femenina Abreviado-6". Se verificó la asociación entre las variables estudiadas y el síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia por medio de análisis uni y multivariado. Un valor de p<0.05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados La prevalencia de síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, en las mayores de 55 años fue del 62,88%, frente al 39,32% en las menores de 55 años (p<0.05). Los síntomas más frecuentes del síndrome, en esta población fueron sequedad vaginal, dispareunia, irritación vaginal, sensibilidad vaginal, sinusorragia, prurito, ardor y disuria. El análisis multivariado evidenció que la edad fue el factor de riesgo más importante para el surgimiento del síndrome (p<0.001), así como el tiempo mayor de 10 años de la menopausia, que estuvo presente en un 57,73% de las mujeres mayores de 55 años, en comparación a 34,83% de las menores de 55 años. Conclusión: La prevalencia del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia fue mayor en las mujeres de más de 55 años, las cuales tuvieron una mayor proporción de trastornos sexuales y de síntomas urogenitales. El principal factor de riesgo para el aumento de esta prevalencia fue la edad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]