Search

The proliferation of renewable energy sources and their impact on power systems makes it necessary to conduct studies to ensure the proper operation of the power system. This paper investigates recent research on the impact of renewable energy sources on voltage stability and new methods used to assess this stability. The effects of solar and wind power generation both individually and collectively are studied, along with other inverter models through which renewable energy sources are connected to transmission systems or distribution networks. In addition, the results are highlighted by categorizing them into a deterministic and probabilistic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a review of existing trends in the development of electrical generators for small wind turbines. At present, wind power systems operate at variable orfixed speed, using the principale of direct current generators, induction generators using a gear box system, and synchronous generators, which operate at low wind speeds without a gear box. ,being these the most used in small comercial wind turbines. Both the strengths and weaknesses of existing configurations are discussed, emerging technologies in low-speed electric generators are investigated, and a comparative analysis of the misperformed. The objective of selecting the most suitable generatoror generators for its construction in workshops with minimal technological conditionsto be used in efficient small wind energy systems is fulfilled, and a simple of commercially available wind turbines is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study proposes a methodology based on data science to estimate the technical feasibility of implementing hybrid solar-wind power systems by calculating the plant factor, also known as capacity factor (CF). Data is gathered from the NOVALYNX 110-WS-18 weather station, between the years 2018 and 2020, to determine the energetic potential available for the Candelaria campus at the La Salle University (Colombia). A k-means data clustering algorithm, developed in Matlab, is applied over the following descriptors: time, solar radiation, wind speed, and temperature. The results show that the photovoltaic and wind power systems have a CF of 36.69% and 2.15%, respectively. It is concluded that it is technically feasible to implement a photovoltaic system at the La Salle University, but not a wind power system as it does not meet the minimum CF required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the use of electrical generation systems through alternative energy sources is continuously increasing, due to the increase in energy demand, reducing CO2 emissions. In this work, a multilevel single-phase inverter prototype for photovoltaic applications was developed, using the H-bridge topology in cascade with independent direct current sources. Applying the Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) technique to determine the appropriate switching angles for the control of a multilevel inverter with low total harmonic distortion (THD). In the conditions of the state of Zacatecas, the main alternative sources of electricity generation are solar energy and wind energy, through the use of power electronic devices with DC/AC inverters (direct current - alternating current), for sources of electricity generation of small, medium and high power, that meet the efficiency, quality and safety requirements established by the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several actions have been taken in Uruguay to reduce CO2 atmospheric emissions, including modification of the energy matrix. In recent years more than 90% of electricity was produced by renewable sources, such as wind power, hydro (run-of-river) or biomass. Despite this fact, the building, construction, and transport sectors are still great responsible of the environmental impacts produced by human activities. Moreover, several studies show advances of methodologies that allow the environmental impact calculation and the definition strategies for reduction. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered one of the most transparent and recognized method by the international scientific community. This study aims to develop a methodology based on LCA, to calculate the environmental impacts produced by timber buildings during their life cycle. The case study verification focuses on “La Casa Uruguaya”, a social single-family timber house. The proposed methodology allows obtaining the environmental impacts of the whole life cycle, from the detailed design stages of design. Results show the relevance of the use stage (energy consumption, maintenance, repair, refur-bishment and replacement) and product stage (raw material, manufacture and transport) compared to the rest of the life cycle stages included in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing worldwide energy demand requires the design and construction of increasingly efficient generation systems. In satisfying this need, control schemes play an essential role. Having a system that allows experimental evaluation of their performance is key. In the case of wind energy, one possible control strategy is pitch regulation, which is used in variable pitch wind turbine systems. This paper presents the results of the design and construction of a testing bench for carrying out the experimental evaluation of control strategies for pitch regulated small wind turbines. Rotor operation and pitch regulation were ascertained through wind tunnel testing. Rotors start moving with winds of 3.5 m/s. PI and fuzzy controllers were implemented and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an analysis of the socio-economic and energy composition of Argentine households to provide information for defining solar energy development policies with an inclusive and social development perspective. To do this, we apply clustering methods and an analysis of big data (in particular k-means, two-step cluster, and an analysis of the main factors) in a database containing data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, National Ministry of Energy, National Gas Regulatory Entity, Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. As a result, households are revealed that share similar problems regarding access to energy and other fundamental rights, the impact of the cost of energy, and available solar resource. These groups have been mapped at the census tract level, the smallest geographic and analytical unit of the Argentine census. We conclude by defining action perspectives for the energetic and socially inclusive development of each of the groupings of rural and urban households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the offshore wind energy in the proposals of marine spatial planning in the Canary Islands. Topics discussed include new emerging sector, which had the firm support of European policies to achieve energy consumption from renewable sources; location of wind farms far from the coast benefits from stronger and more stable winds; and floating platforms reduce installation and maintenance costs, and allow wind farms to be located over depths.

The present work addresses the current situation of apparent conflict of interests between the installation of wind farms as a strategic and environmental commitment in the European Union's energy policy and the protection of environmental values in the spaces and environments of the Network Natura 2000, usual places where they are located due to the technical characteristics of wind energy. The normative evolution of the environmental assessment regime of the repercussions of wind farms in the places of the socalled European ecological network is analyzed in detail, from the Habitats Directive 92/43 / EEC until its incorporation in the current Heritage laws 42/2007 Natural and biodiversity, and 21/2013 of environmental evaluation, as well as the recent judicial pronouncements of the various instances until reaching the Supreme Court, and that have resulted in contradictory sentences on the installation of wind farms both in their doctrine and in their judicial decisions which also represent a worrying change in the application of the principles of legal certainty and technical discretion of the Administration. The Public Administrations competent in the authorizations of wind farms as well as the electricity companies promoting them are confused to the cancellation of authorizations of relevant wind farms in operation, sometimes also applying, based on an a priori trial, an erroneous doctrine related to the "fragmentation" of parks against their own environmental and electrical regulations, and without the judicial bodies clearly marking the path of how the "adequate environmental assessment" of them should be implemented in practice. The legal reason for all this is the existence of numerous "undetermined legal concepts" in the application to wind farms of the provisions of the evaluation regulations on the Natura 2000 Network, offering in the present work interpretive solutions to each of them and proposing the necessary unit of judgment of the judicial organs in order to the necessary compatibility of both constitutional assets and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multivariate UPD estimator, family member [A,U,T] with parameters p and s, which allows to calculate simultaneously parameters of Weibull K and C at a point Pe from the measured values of these variables in several sampling points. During the 3D estimation, the spatial relationship between the data and the associated values of elevation and roughness of the terrain is taken into account; with the estimated results, a model of wind energy resources is developed, given by a 3D mesh where to each node is associated the values of K and C. Finally, a method of combinatory optimization is described to find the values of p and s such that the mesh model is feasible and optimal for the given data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop strategies to maximize the utilization of wind power, it is necessary to have reliable models to simulate wind turbines' responses. Manufacturers have detailed models, though these are "black box", which makes them unusable even in new designs. Thus, so-called generic models have proliferated. Under this approach, this article presents dynamic modeling for a three-bladed rotor in a wind turbine using Euler-Lagrange formulation. For this analysis, the rotor is described as a multibody system with four degrees of freedom using simplified transformation matrices. The details of how the model was obtained and the interpretation of its three-dimensional (3D) simulation are presented using diverse conditions, which guarantees that the model's reliability can be easily verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Wind energy has grown rapidly in the last 20 years and sites to install full-scale wind farms are starting to run out. Small-scale wind turbines represent a feasible alternative, particularly in forested areas of low wind potential and high turbulence. Objective: to present a review of the aerodynamic profiles for small-scale wind turbines, to determine their possible application in wooded areas. Materials and methods: a review of smallscale horizontal axis wind turbines is carried out using the Web of Science and Scopus databases mainly on the journals: Energy, Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, and Renewable Energy. A classification of three large groups is defined for the aerodynamic profiles: very frequent use, medium frequency use and low frequency use. Results: the profiles of very frequent use are the SG6043, S809 and NACA0012, the first of them is the one having the best aerodynamic performance. Despite this, other profiles such as the SH3055 are widely used in the small-scale wind turbine field. Conclusions: a suitable profile for a smallscale wind turbine for forested areas should be designed for stall regulation and have low sensitivity against changes in surface roughness. The profile with the greatest potential, according to the literature for this application, is the SG6043, being 110% y 85% more efficient than NACA002 and S809, respectively, for a Re of 2 x 105; however, more research is required on issues such as aerodynamic performance of the profiles at high levels of turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution for the two of the main problems that must be solved in the first stages of the wind farm project: the park structure and its profitability. A mathematical model developed from the parametric method is applied, which allows determining quickly and with acceptable precision the capital cost through relevant technical parameters. The model was calibrated through a database representative of the Latin American countries that make the most use of wind energy. Was applied to define the best appropriate structure of the project of five parks in the province of Chimborazo, Republic of Ecuador, reaching the conclusion that the number of machines, their powers and heights of the towers, are the three parameters that determine the cost of the park, and that at the same time, are those that define the energy produced and profitability, so a cost model that integrates these variables, is an important tool when applying economic-financial validation criteria such as Net Present Value, the specific cost of energy, the life cycle cost and others [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design and implementation of a wind turbine emulator bank is proposed. The bank takes into account the dynamics of the extraction of effective wind energy. This dynamic is modelled mathematically. The DC motor emulates the rotary movement due to wind energy, generating the angular velocity profiles according to the torque measured by a torque meter on the coupling shaft between the DC motor and the permanent magnet synchronous generator. Additionally, the paper presents a test experiment that consists of a controlled boost converter to which a maximum power extraction algorithm is applied in order to validate the operation of the DC motor-permanent magnet synchronous generator bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents a proposal for stochastic simulation to determine the investment uncertainties and the uncertainty cost of operation for a wind power plant. Taking as a study object a hypothetical wind plant in Cabo de la Vela, in La Guajira, Colombia, with the same characteristics as the current Jepirachi plant of EPM, where the probability density function of the net present value of the project is found, and the probability of project profitability. Additionally, the uncertainty cost for the operation of the plant is determined depending on the different monthly scenarios of the primary energy (wind speed). This cost approximates a quadratic function that serves as a cost element in the problem of economic dispatch considering renewables. Finally, the results obtained and future developments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the modeling of a wind energy conversion system based on a Double Feed Induction Generator in the presence of saturation in the machine, affecting the dynamic behavior. From a basic model of this type of process, the modeling of the effect of saturation is developed based on the equations that imply mutual inductance, as the main variable to indicate the presence of saturation. The variables considered in the system were rotor speed, power and voltage and currents in stator and rotor. It is demonstrated the real possibility of using the developed model to obtain the behavior of the main variables when the operating point moves from the zone of constant mutual inductance to the region where it is varying because of saturation. The results of simulation of the general model are shown, demonstrating their effectiveness in special operating conditions when magnetic saturation occurs in the generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend towards concern for issues beyond the economic benefit of companies worldwide is taking a lot of strength, especially in those companies that are precisely involved in creating or producing products/services in accordance with the care of the environment and the preservation of natural resources. Such is the case of wind energy companies, which in the last 10 years have taken a lot of importance for the production and distribution of cleaner energy for the benefit of the environment and the people who inhabit it. Social responsibility is one of the ways in which companies show their interest in improving everything that surrounds them, so, the purpose of the research was to describe the elements of Social Responsibility of the wind energy production companies on the vision of the directive board; the methodology of descriptive type was applied with field design (applying surveys to 10 managers of wind energy companies), not experimental, using Guédez as the main source (2001, 2006). In the results obtained, it was determined that the elements of Social Responsibility such as norms, moral values, ethical principles and quality of service are present with high frequency. However, there are things in the moral values and ethical principles, which require special attention, since they are essential for the management of Corporate Social Responsibility, especially in companies like these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of Mexico has encouraged the establishment of wind farms, arguing that they are a form of clean energy (partially true). The government's implementation strategy has favored transnational corporations over the original communities, who are losing control of their territories, which these companies have occupied, engendering ecological, social, political, and cultural damage. On the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a significant portion of the original population has organized to resist and reverse this process, calling for an inclusive and participatory public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the natural variability of wind and heavy reliance on local atmospheric conditions, it is necessary to conduct thorough wind resource assessments to determine how much energy can be generated at a given site [1]. Usually it requires advanced high resolution multi-scale models capable of simulating onshore wind farms installed on complex terrain. For this purpose, an enhanced numerical method was devised and adapted in the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model MC2 of Environment Canada with imbedded Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) capabilities for wind simulations over steep topography [2-3]. This implementation has been validated numerically by modeling the neutrally stratified wind for typical flat and mountainous terrain. From these tests it has been found that the new multi-scale method delivers very good results when compared with other models which use intensive computing methods [4-5]. This advanced method now has the ability to solve multi-scale structures using a new wind initialization and time discretization schemes that allow more stable and accurate numerical modeling in the presence of high impact topography [6-7]. The resulting model can be used to assess the wind resource at local, national and regional scales, ensuring a significant error reduction due to overestimation of the wind in mountainous areas. These advancements in wind modeling provide better tools for detailed studies required for planning and installing wind farms on cliffs and ridges, where a natural acceleration of the wind is expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between wind power integration into small isolated power systems, such as those found on islands, and the critical clearing time (CCT). This study considers full converter wind turbine technology. The CCT is an important parameter used for designing a reliable and effective protection scheme for a power system. In order to do this analysis, CCT is determined by dynamic analysis for different amounts of power injected by the wind turbines into the power system. A three-phase short-circuit fault has been considered for dynamic analysis. The studied power system was a PSS®E Lanzarote-Fuerteventura model, which is an example of small isolated power system. Results shows a clear relationship between wind energy and CCT. A decrease in CCT values can be seen when more wind power is introduced into the power system. This decrease is due to both the outage of wind farms when a short-circuit takes place and the displacement of the conventional generators located at the power plants. The knowledge of this relationship and its causes allows a more accurate estimation of the CCT values. Therefore, a more effective adjustment of protection scheme can be done, improving reliability and security of small isolated power systems. Moreover, focused actions can be derived in order to increase the contribution of this kind of wind turbines minimizing the impact on the protection scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the potential of a wind power which assume that wind speeds are stable in the long term. It mentions wind variations are the result of slow changes in the distribution of sea surface temperatures, of the ice cover or even just due to non-linear interactions in the atmospheric circulation.

An atmospheric corrosion study in the zone of higher generation of wind energy in Cuba was carried out. Five exposure site outdoor to different distances from the sea in the study zone during one year were place. The atmosphere in the study zone was very aggressivity from behavior of climatic parameters and deposition of air pollutants. However, the corrosivity of the atmosphere estimation from corrosion rate values obtained of the dose/response functions was a necessary but not sufficient tool in the study zone for carbon steel, galvanized and copper, confirmed with the visual observation of the metallic probes. It confirms the need to determine the corrosivity of the atmosphere from the direct measurement of the corrosion rate over a one year time. Other factors as adsorption competitive process between chloride and sulphate deposition in the marine aerosol that influenced in the atmospheric corrosion in the carbon and galvanized steel and aluminum in the tropical coastal climate Cuba were showed. The direct influence of the sulphate ions or sulfurs compounds depositions of corrosion atmospheric copper was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the design of a system of wind power generation using CNC machines as a cultural and technological exchange project between Flathead Valley Community College in Montana and the Center for Industrial Automation. The methodology applied is quantitative with an analytical-empirical approach, descriptive in character and cross-sectional developed in three phases: Analysis, Design and Implementation. Due to the excessive use of natural resources and the effects of environmental pollution, computer assisted design technologies CAD, computer-assisted manufacturing technologies CAM and computerized numerical control CNC become alternative mechanisms for the construction of generating renewable wind energy, fulfilling a dual role in the training process: the appropriation of technical knowledge on the part of learners and the contribution of SENA to the rational use of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a fan control industrial wind turbines used for test, which is used as an internal device in the development of a wind tunnel for testing wind measurement. The project consists of regulating the speed of an industrial fan used in a wind tunnel to test control systems in wind turbines, wind generating regulated signals in constant, or to follow a profile defined by a database of values actual measured with an anemometer. To implement the control system and communication devices, in this project employed a digital signal processor (DSP from Texas Instruments EZDSP2407), which acts as an interface to transmit data between the programming environments (VisSim Embedded Control Developer (ECD)). Also uses a variable speed 3HP SIEMENS Micromaster model 420. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a fan control industrial wind turbines used for test, which is used as an internal device in the development of a wind tunnel for testing wind measurement. The project consists of regulating the speed of an industrial fan used in a wind tunnel to test control systems in wind turbines, wind generating regulated signals in constant, or to follow a profile defined by a database of values actual measured with an anemometer. To implement the control system and communication devices, in this project employed a digital signal processor (DSP from Texas Instruments EZDSP2407), which acts as an interface to transmit data between the programming environments (VisSim Embedded Control Developer (ECD)). Also uses a variable speed 3HP SIEMENS Micromaster model 420. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been notable development of wind energy on the global level, and it already accounts for an important share of global electrical capacity in terms of renewable sources. The global wind energy industry is now turning its attention to developing countries with suitable locations to set up wind energy facilities. In Mexico, the southern region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec has the greatest wind energy potential and is where the majority of wind energy projects are taking place. This work examines the development of wind energy in this region and the main actors involved and analyzes various aspects ranging from the right to information to the environmental implications of these practices, aiming to understand the growing social opposition to projects in this zone. The prevailing wind energy exploitation model in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec favors developers, limiting the benefits received by local communities and increasing social backlash against the projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Spain have reached spectacular growth due to: - Favorable national and European legislation - Generous economic incentives - Easy credit during a period of rapid economic expansion in Spain This growth has put Spain among the top of the list of Renewable Energy producers in the world. However, the fall in demand for energy in recent years as well as an Inadequate subsidy policy, initially established to benefit RES, has given way to retroactive policies put into place by the Government which have affected numerous entrepreneurs who at present or shortly after the new legislation goes into effect, may see their new businesses fail. This article gives an overview of the different RES from the time they are implemented until the present day. It includes an analysis and economic breakdown of both renewable and traditional energy sources and concludes that with the new legislation, renewable energy is severly punished whereas other energy sources, including those which pollute the most, will continue their level of output, with only a slight decrease in profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the conditions for the implementation of wind energy in airport facilities, considering safety and requirements according to international standards related to free airspace for aircraft can enter and leave it in a safe, also known as the aeronautical easements. Other particular aspects of an airport are also analyzed, such as marking and signaling, the affection of the environment, the quality of the electric supply, the characteristics of the wind resource and the economic constraints. With such data, this paper seek to lay the technical precedents that an engineer should consider to design a wind power facilities in airports, due to existing papers do not focus on the great potential of this type of locations for wind facilities because of the special conditions that have this type of transport infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main developments in offshore wind power are focused on wind turbines with foundations on seabed. However, there exist important limitations for installing these structures exist in places with high depth within short distance from the coast. This means that the progress of offshore wind energy around the world is tied to the development of safety and low cost floating platforms for renewable energy offshore devices . Therefore, the first aim of this paper is to know which alternatives exist for a floating offshore wind farm establishment and design parameters are independent or dependent of platform configuration. In order to evaluate each alternative, the request inversion for each configuration has been analysed. From this point of view, the conclusion is that a string configuration for the electrical network is better than a star configuration. With regard to maintenance, it would be better to have a proper vessel only if the number of trips is more than three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind is one of the elements of the weather that most affect the population in Bahia Blanca city, predominating most part of the year. Due to its high temporal and spatial variability is essential to know their maximum speeds, directions and predominant distribution. The aim of this paper is to analyze winds behavior in its two dimensions, speed and direction, in suburban north part of Bahia Blanca city. Recorded data were analyzed by two weather stations installed in the study area for the period March 2011-September 2011. It was obtained media values of speed, frequent directions, maximum gusts and was characterized the seasonal, monthly and daily behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the cost of electricity generation with a coal fired plant and a wind mill in Chile's Central Interconnected System. To the standard costs of coal generation (capital investment and fuel) we add local and global environmental externalities. The environmental cost of generating with coal is US$17/MWh, and the total cost is US$78/MWh. Wind generation is considerable more expensive, US$136/Mwh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study was carried out an assessment of methods for the analysis of guidance systems in small horizontal axis wind turbines, in order to improve the capture of wind energy by updating the methodological approach for the development of guidance systems of these machines, using lift and drag coefficients of variable behavior depending on the aspect ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel emulator for fixed pitch wind turbines that allows laboratory testing of the generator control systems associated with the turbines is presented. The novelty of the emulator is to be an open loop scheme. The emulator consists of the coupling in series of a source of DC voltage, a power resistance and a DC motor. The modification of the input DC voltage has the same effect as the variation of wind speed in a fixed pitch wind turbine. This article includes: 1) theoretical foundations of the emulator, 2) Excel and Simulink simulations, and 3) experimental results obtained in a bench of electrical machines. It is shown that the emulator can reproduce the mechanical power curves of a fixed pitch turbine, but with certain limitations at low speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At many countries there is great areas where wind resource are very grateful but the electrical network is weak. At these areas the network capacity could be a limit to exploitation of wind resource. There are two main problems related with the associated power of wind resurge and the network weak. First, it is related with steady state voltage level: when demand is low the voltage level could increase more than permitted limits if the energy production is high. The second problem is related with flicker voltage: the wind resource is not constant and the disconnection of the wind turbines could cause flicker voltage more than permitted limits. In Cuban electric system the presence of weak network is normally and different problems like hurricanes or work this electric system require to divide on electric subsystems with possible high contribution of wind generation. The preliminary analysis at one zone of Cuban's archipelago from the point of view of wind penetration is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to capture the maximum energy from the wind, control systems operating always at an optimum power has been utilized. This control system, considered as a whole, must be able of respond with an adequate precision and speed in response to the randomness and variability of the wind. The relationship between the wind speed, the blade pitch and the generator speed in order to produce the maximum power and also be able to limit the output power for large wind speeds is a very complicated one and it is very difficult to find its mathematical function. In this paper, the authors, utilizing the MATLAB SIMULINK toolboxes, propose representing this functional relation by means of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The parameters and characteristics of an existing wind turbine generator are utilized and it is demonstrated that it is possible to use an ANN in the simulation and control of a variable speed, variable pitch wind turbine that capture the maximum power from the wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was carried out in the Institute of Animal Science (ICA), located in San José de las Lajas, Havana county; in the development livestock unit (block), with the objective of determining the energetic, productive, and environmental contribution of the multi shovel windmills as an alternative source of water supply. To determinate the wind speed characteristics, available eolic power, power transmission efficiency and non-emitted contamination magnitude by the use of low speed multi shovel windmill. It was used the Danish Association of Eolic Industry methodologics. It was obtained a safe of 5 882,9 liters/year (4 929 kg/year) of fuel by the substitution of pumping electricity and water transportation by a water tanker, it was avoided the emission of 17,27 t/year of atmosphere pollutants. It was obtained an economic gain of 5882.94 peso/year and the investment will be recovered in 1,7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we make an analysis of two sensors applied in renewable energies (wind and solar), obtaining an ideal law of control. For the chosen energetic sources there appear technologies of high frequency of commutation and of high efficiency. Technologies of digital simulation validate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper briefly attempts to describe and assess the legal and economic wind energy in Spain. We refer specifically to the system of public support for the production of electricity from renewables through the system called "premium." The focus on wind energy in particular is justified simply for the reason that, as you know, Spain is ranked third worldwide in installed wind power second only to Germany and the U.S., which is coupled with the fact of significance for all levels that has taken the wind power sector in our country. It should also be remembered that on the one hand, energy use (production and consumption) is the main factor in emissions of greenhouse gases and on the other hand, renewables are a key element in combating Climate Change. And also that Spain is among the countries furthest away from compliance with the Kyoto Protocol. From this perspective, the role of wind energy is also evident in our country in renewable energy, wind energy in particular is what is making the most of electricity generation mix, making it the most secure in this fight environmental and global. In this sense, the proportion of electricity produced by wind-is over 11% in 2008 - the second in the world, second only to Denmark. It is therefore important to maintain a good policy to promote this renewable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution gives up-to-date information on the use of wind generated electricity worldwide. It also describes the most immediate investment plans in the increase of wind as an alternative, non polluted energy source in Europe, as well as in the Latin America region. Based upon recent studies, carried out by the author, the paper assesses the wind energy potential for electricity generation in Colombia. At the end, some comments are made on developments and wind energy use in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una reimpresión parcial del articulo "Las demandas de las renovables, tecnología a tecnología" del número 27 de "info" de la Asociación de Productores de Energías Renovables (APPA). Se describen las actividades de la APPA en varios sectores de la industria de energía renovable, entre ellos la energía hidráulica, la eólica y la de biomasas.

This paper describes a wind power generation system with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), and the dynamic model of each one subsystem that conform it. Beside, the developed classic control strategy in order to regulate the active and reactive power provided by the generator system, and the pitch angle control system to regulate the speed of the turbine is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper is presented the mathematical base useful to establish the analysis that deals with the noxious effect produced on the planetary mechanisms in the gearboxes for wind turbine generator systems, given by the variable conditions of the velocity and direction of the wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study describing a methodology for the conversion of speed values in the Beaufort Scale to a scale of speeds. This method made use of several databases in the Beaufort Scale to obtain results. The purpose of this study is to achieve a base in determining the wind potential of a region.

En Panamá han empezado a desplegarse las energías renovables no convencionales, como los molinos de viento en Penonomé y miles de paneles solares que pueden verse sobre techos de residencias, comercios y fábricas. Pero deben superar las restricciones del mercado local para acelerar su adopción; especialmente, que haya un balance adecuado entre la oferta instalada y la demanda pico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]