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Nanocellulose has shown promising improvements in the technological properties of various products within the paper industry. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of nanofibrillar cellulose (NCF) from bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth.) on the physical-mechanical properties of paper made with virgin bamboo fiber, recycled fibers from Double Kraft Liner (DKL), and a mix of both. The NCF was obtained by means of TEMPO at a defibrillation of 25 000 RPM. Then, it was added in concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 6% for each type of paper. The results, which were statistically analyzed, demonstrated that thickness, permeability, and tear resistance decreased, while density and resistance to tension and folding increased as the NCF concentration increased. Due to the characteristics of NCF, the potential use of the paper made with this additive is food wrapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem identified is the conventional way of distributing indirect manufacturing costs for the paper company dedicated to the process of converting paper, having generated distorted unit costs. Faced with this situation, the implementation of a costing model by activities was proposed. The main objective of this research is to establish procedures for the implementation of the costing methodology by activities for the paper industry. The methodological study is quantitative at a descriptive level where data collection was done in a simple random manner, for which documents were reviewed and analyzed, production processes were observed, and surveys were developed. The results confirmed the achievement of the objectives and hypotheses raised in the investigation, where it was indicated that there is a relationship between the activity-based costing methodology and the measurement of indirect costs in the paper industry. The investigation is concluded "Activity-based methodology is beneficial to apply in the calculation of indirect costs, with a new approach to calculating costing by activities that allows diversifying suitable inducers and applying them to the different activities related to indirect costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a collaboration between the Spanish Association of Pulp, Paper, and Cardboard Manufacturers and TECNALIA, Spain's largest applied research and technological development center, aimed at fostering innovation in the paper industry through advancements in cellulose products.

Copyright of Ciencias Administrativas is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We carry out mesoeconomic and mesoanalytical analyses of the structure and economic dimension of the book production process in Spain. For this report, the following have been carried out: (1) 43 in-depth interviews with experts have been conducted; (2) the information provided by Panorámica de la edición española from 1996 to 2019 has been systematized; (3) financial information from 2,683 companies for the period 2019-2021 has been obtained through the Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos. The report contains: (1) an original and rigorous way of analyzing the book production process in Spain; (2) novel quantitative and qualitative information about publishing companies, as well as their suppliers of goods and services: editorial services, packagers, graphic arts divisions, the paper industry, and software providers; (3) relevant information about the context in which book production takes place in Spain and the national and international institutions involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería (0121-750X) is the property of Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the multimedia integral project Edufores launched in Spanish schools for promoting forestry education. Topics discussed include awareness about environmental responsibility, sustainable development of forests and initiatives taken by paper association Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Papel (ASPAPEL) for promoting environmental protection.

Amate (amatl) is a handmade paper of Mexico made by Otomi Indians. This craft is made from bark of tree bark amate or jonote. It is originally developed in the states of Puebla, Hidalgo and Veracruz especially in San Pablito, Puebla. However, amate paper is sold as background Nahua paintings by artists from the state of Guerrero. Amate paper paintings are a combination of Nahua and Otomi traditions. While there have been some minor innovations, the amate paper is still done with the same basic process used in the pre-Hispanic period by obtaining a classical amate tree bark fiber. This is negatively affecting the ecosystem of the North of Puebla and forcing vendors bark in search of other species, so it is necessary to make paper amate more sustainably, including new types of bark from other species and by-products of agro-industries such as rice, coffee sugar cane, and other types of fiber that have highavailability The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the Chemical pulp of coffee characteristics, as raw material for amate paper of higher quality than that produced from the bark of other species. The results showed that the structural and chemical characteristics of coffee pulp cellulose pulp showed ease of paper making, due to its properties of adherence, formation and agglutination of fibers similar to the high quality of the final product as the amate tree bark-derived paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el estado actual de la industria del libro en Venezuela. El autor comenta sobre las condiciones económicas asociadas con esta industria, incluyendo el costo de libros a causa de la escasez de papel en la región. También se considera la demanda de los venezolanos en cuanto a los libros.

This paper evaluates economically build a new cogeneration plant with clean energy from forest biomass company Norske Skog Bio Bio (NSBB). This is to show that this plant-based forest biomass for electricity generation is a viable option in Chile from the economic and environmental perspective. For this evaluation, we propose an approach that uses “real options theory" based on the application of log-transformed binomial method with six steps. Also, comparing the results obtained with this approach, the results using traditional methods. It is found that for all cases studied, the value yielded by the real options method was higher than estimated by traditional methods. It is concluded that this alternative profitable investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generated black liquor of Organosolv process from sugarcane bagasse was treated with white rottenness Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungi, for the realization of preliminary studies of evaluation of the decrease of the color, compound aromatic and demand oxygen chemistry (DQO). The studies were carried out in erlenmeyers. Different conditions of temperature and nutritional requirements were evaluated. The best results were obtained at 37°C and under conditions of nitrogen limitation with 38% of color decrease and 12% of decrease of the DQO. In the course of the experiment the activities of the lignin peroxidase neither manganese peroxidase were not detected, however this fungi is able to produce these enzymes. Starting from the obtained results, you can conclude that other independent factors of the presence of the enzymatic activities that cause these results exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a micro-historical study on the the process of establishing a paper company in Navarre in the early 1950s and the difficult logistical and political circumstances that accompanied it. Its originality and value lies in that their personal contribution is a query based on family history files, so it should not be expected a historical context for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la planta Damují de la provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba, se produce una gran parte del papel kraft empleado en las cajas de cartón que se usan como envases y embalajes. Esta empresa ha presentado diversos problemas con las autoridades ambientales por la contaminación que genera a su río homónimo, hacia el cual vierten sus efluentes líquidos y por las emisiones de gases y el consumo excesivo de su caldera de generación de vapor. El proceso de producción estaba sujeto a la introducción de tres posibles mejoras: Cierre del circuito de agua, el cual permitiría reutilizar el agua en el proceso reduciendo su consumo actual y el uso de aditivos químicos, los cuales también se recuperan; cambio de la caldera de generación de vapor por una más eficiente, lo cual disminuiría la cantidad de vapor generado por unidad de combustible; la otra posible alternativa era la reactivación del sistema de residuales de la planta, el cual se encontraba en muy mal estado. El presupuesto de la entidad no era suficiente para llevar a cabo todas estas mejoras y se requería priorizarlas. Es por ello que se debieron aplicar estudios de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) y la simulación del proceso para evaluar técnica, económica y ambientalmente las alternativas. Según esta investigación se pueden ejecutar, el cambio de la caldera y la reactivación del sistema de residuales o el cierre del circuito de agua, decidiéndose por esta última según los criterios planteados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work is developed a methodology for the optimization of energy consumption of the refining process to obtaining of pulps, on the base of the denominated Refinement of the Sequential type that allows to adjust, with the minimum energy cost, the quality of the mixture of the pulps for a certain type of paper. The Method of Design of Experiments of Simple Lattice is used, for studies of mixtures of three or but components with a reduced one number of experiments and keeping in mind the necessary restrictions of the process and qualityof the product. It is applied in this case for a type of pulp of waste paper. It is demonstrated that alone it is necessary to refine fractions of the pulp to process until a suitable degree to obtain a good mixture that allows to reach alone the degree of necessary development of properties for their reuse and to avoid that it is drained too much. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the feasibility of exporting spiral notebooks from Argentina to Mexico. We consider this possibility for a leader Argentinean enterprise both, the Argentinean and Mexican markets are studied, and also the strategic positioning of the several enterprises operating in the Mexican market. We also include a sensitive analysis on the exchange rate, giving as a result several alternative scenarios for possible competition among the enterprises. We conclude that it is very convenient for this type of enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was based on the fabrication of drywalls as nonstructural elements for the construction industry, from the beneficial of the residual sludge from the treatment of waters served as the paper industry. The optimal mixtures, the suitable materials, and the stages of the process of fabrication of the panels to develop pieces were defined that fulfill the standards of resistance required and the technical norms associated to this kind of products. In this form not only new options of materials in the region are offered, but also offers an enormous environmental benefit from the assessment of an industrial waste assessment generated in great quantifies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good relations between Argentina and Uruguay were disturbed in 2003 due to the project to build two cellulose manufacturing plants for the paper industry on the left side of the Uruguay River, which marks the frontier between these countries. Argentina claims that with the unilateral authorisation of the plants, its neighbor violated obligations assumed by virtue of general international law (including environmental norms) and the 1975 Statute of the Uruguay River. The apparent, official irregularity was met with actions undertaken by groups of Argentine citizens, who blocked the bridges that connect the two countries. For its part, Uruguay has condemned the lack of action of the Argentine government regarding the blockages of the roads, which severely harmed the Uruguayan economy. In the face of these situations, this work presents an analysis of the responsibility incurred by these two countries as a consequence of the breach of international obligations. The work concludes that, in both cases, there were deficiencies regarding the due diligence expected from both governments in terms of the principles of contemporary international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastewater treatment at paper industry that uses recycled fibers as one of its raw materials generates a sludge rich in cellulose fibers, which once dehydrated is called "paper waste". This waste has become an environmental problem because of its high generation rate. Although several alternatives of valorization have been studied, in Medellin none of them has been implemented on an industrial scale; the necessity is still there, that is why the land disposal of this waste appears as the most immediate way to manage it. Combined with the problem of disposition, it is the selection of the suitable site to make it, for which a methodology to be applied in the evaluation and selection of the optative sites for the disposition of remainders of paper industry was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We calculate emissions of criteria pollutants (VOC's, PM10, CO, NOx and SOx) from point sources for the year 1997 in Cali-Yumbo (Colombia). Data were obtained from 108 emission declarations to environmental authorities. We applied the method of emission factors for most of the sources which had no direct measurements and reported type and amount of fuel used. We find that paper manufacturing and printing/publishing industries generate the most pollutants overall, followed by non-metallic minerals and textile/apparel industries. While the sources in the city of Cali were responsible for most of the volatile organic compounds (VOC's), emissions of sulfur oxides and particulate matter originate mostly from sources in the industrial town of Yumbo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review the principles by optimization of refining operations of bagasse pulp in disk refiners are discussed in this paper. These principles are used to research the semichemical and bleached chemical bagasse pulps from Cuba's Paper Industries. The best results were obtained with cutting angle from 70° grad and low level of specific edge load (0.75 N) and specific energy consumption (100 kWh/t). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]