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Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: obesity is an excess of adiposity characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state due to an increase in proteins in the acute phase. Objective: to determine serum concentrations of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and lipid profile in obese adolescents. Methodology: prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a simple randomized method of 225 obese adolescents, of both sexes and a control group of 100 eutrophic adolescents, evaluated by anthropometry with the curves of the World Health Organization and biochemical tests such as concentrations serum High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein by ELISA technique; total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, by dry analytical methodology and low-density lipoprotein by the Friedewald Formula: LDL (mmol/L)=total cholesterol -(TG/5)- HDL, the statistical analysis is performed with percentages, standard deviation and Student's t test considering statistical significance values of p<0.05. Results: in males there is a significant difference in weight, waist circumference and an increase in hsCRP of 4.8±1.6 mg/L, dyslipidemia with a significant difference in high-density hypolipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia with the others lipid profile parameters, in addition to a high cardiovascular risk with hsCRP levels above 3 mg/L. Conclusions: adolescents present central adiposity with high percentiles of waist circumference, components of the lipid triad (hypertriglyceridemia, high-density hypolipoprotinemia and low-density hyperlipoprotinemia) significant increase in hsCRP as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat production can be a suitable means of including healthy ingredients in the human diet. The anthropometric and biochemical impact of the consumption of pork loin fed with avocado meal among men and women is analyzed. 16 men and 15 women (30-60 years) were evaluated, body mass index (BMI)> 25 kg / m2, they consumed 100 g of loin daily for 6 weeks. It was observed in the participants that the variables weight, percentage of body fat (BFP), BMI, hip circumference decreased and percentage of body water (TBW) increased. In women, the variables that decreased were the apoprotein ratio (APO) β / α and α, in men the variables decreased; visceral fat (VAT), waist circumference, glucose, creatinine and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (T-paired). Indicator percentages were compared at low, normal, and high levels. The participants showed normal values of glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In women, normalization of bone mass (BM) and urea was observed. In men; VAT, creatinine and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (X2 test p <0.05). Thus the consumption of functional meat products can be beneficial in the health of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Innovación en Salud is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To establish the pharmacological basis for the antidiabetic use of Pterocarpus santalinoides. Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were given graded doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of P. santalinoides extract (PSE) for 21 days. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, in vivo antioxidant assay, and lipid profile were determined. Results: Pterocarpus santalinoides extract at all doses tested caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in FBG and significant (p < 0.05) increase in body weight of treated rats when compared with the control. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and high-density lipoprotein, while the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PSE-treated rats. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the significant antidiabetic activity of P. santalinoides extract in albino Wistar rats, thus suggesting its potential application for the management of diabetes in humans, Furthermore, the findings may explain its use in ethnomedicine as an antidiabetic regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the utility of the triglycerides/HDL-C index for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese 2-14 years of age children. Methods: Cross-sectional diagnostic study. We included 360 exogenous obese children (199M/161F) divided in three age groups: 2 to <6; 6 to <10 and 10-14 years. MS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and the TG/HDL-C index was evaluated using two cutoffs by age group, ≥2.32 and ≥3.5. Chi squared was used accepting a p value <0.05 as statistically significant. Fir each cut-off we determined sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Results: Frequency of MS was 15.79% in the 2 to <6 years age group; 20.25% in the 6 to<10 years age group and 19.63% in the 10-14 years age group. Among children with SM, 97.1% had low HDL and 83.8% had elevated triglycerides. A statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of the TG/HDL-C index in children with or without MS in all age groups. Sensitivity for all cut-offs was high (86-100%) and specificity was best for the cut-off of ≥3.5 (72-80%). Conclusions: The TG/HDL-C index is a sensitive and specific marker of MS from the first years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la ALAD is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Introduction: dyslipidemias are commonly defined by low levels of HDL-c and high levels of triglycerides and LDL-c as an alteration in the functioning of lipoproteins. Several factors are related to this pathogenesis, and one of them is the consumption of alcohol, presenting divergences between the amount and the type of alcoholic drink that must be consumed to find effects of association with the lipid parameters. Objective: to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the type of alcoholic beverage with HDL-c and triglycerides in participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil). Methods: observational, cross-sectional study, developed from baseline data from the ELSA-Brazil (2008-2010). The consumption of alcoholic beverages was estimated in doses/week and categorized in tertiles (1-7, 7-14 and > 14 doses/week) and by type of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine and distillates). Lipid parameters were used as continuous data. Linear regression models were performed for each type of alcoholic beverage. The confidence level was 5%. Results: HDL-c and triglycerides increased with the increase in the number of doses/week of beer. The consumption of wine between 1-7 and 7-14 doses/week raises HDL-c. Conversely, triglycerides tend to decrease when consumption is 1-7 doses/week. Consumption of distillates > 14 doses/week increase HDL-c. Conclusion: HDL-c increased plasma levels directly with the consumption of all types of alcoholic beverages. Conversely, triglycerides decrease with wine consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) among patients with normal glucose and fasting dysglycemia in the adult population of Trujillo. Methods: Secondary analysis of descriptive, comparative and relational type. Database was analyzed of MS previous study in adults of 20-79 years in Trujillo between 2010 to 2014, developed through medical screening campaigns cardiovascular risk factors. Group 1: MS included 127 adults with normal fasting glucose (NG). The group 2 included 110 adults with MS and dysglycemia fasting (DG). Student t test was used to compare means and the Z test to compare proportions, with a significance level of 0.05 and confidence intervals of 95%. Results: Serum levels of fasting triglyceride (TG) were (219.09 ± 101.83 mg/dl and 192.3 ± NG 103.17 mg/dl in DG, p= 0.004) and frequency of hypertriglyceridemia was (85.04% and 63.64% in NG in DG with p =0.000) and low HDL cholesterol (71.65% and 51.81% in NG in DG, p=0.002). Conclusions: Higher level of TG and increased frequency of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol in the NG group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la ALAD is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: obesity is one of the most serious not transmissible illnesses and prevalent at present, it is considered a major risk factor for the cardiovascular disease and is associated with the development of insulin resistance, intolerance to the glucose, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome.Objective: the purpose of the study is to analyze the nutritional status in young university students and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.Patients and Methods: there were evaluated 153 university students, 51 men and 102 women between 17 and 33 years old. Anthropometric measurements were made by BMI and waist circumference, systolic and diastolic pressure, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL), LDL cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides and blood glucose.Results: the variables HDL cholesterol (p = 0.000) and systolic pressure (p = 0.043) showed significant differences in comparison by gender. The 35.29% presented overweight or obesity. In the comparison by nutritional status; the contour waist, systolic and diastolic pressure showed significant differences (p < 0.05). To relate the state nutritional variables with the plasma and the blood pressure, this presented association with cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). The Contour waist presented partnership with the pressure systolic and diastolic (p < 0.05).Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of malnutrition in the sample of young university students; in addition it is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, being the obese students those who present major deterioration in all the evaluated variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: high density lipoproteins (HDL) have important cardiovascular protective effects mediated by their role in reverse cholesterol transport as well as other functional activities, including significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It has been shown that HDL anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions are defective in metabolically stable diabetic patients; however they have not been evaluated during a hyperglycemic crisis. Aim: to determine the antioxidant activity of HDL during a severe diabetic decompensation and to analyze whether this function is restored after resolution of the acute event. Methods: the antioxidant activity of HDL was measured in vitro by a fluorescent assay in plasma samples obtained from diabetic patients with acute metabolic decompensation at admission, recovery within the hospital and follow-up in ambulatory care. As a comparison, HDL particles from some healthy subjects were used as controls. Results: the HDL antioxidant function was significantly reduced in patients during an acute diabetic decompensation compared with the control group, and was gradually restored reaching normal values during the ambulatory follow-up. Hyperglycemic crisis also showed low plasma paraoxonase-1 activity, which increased significantly during at follow-up. Conclusion: HDL particles isolated from acute diabetic descompensated patients exhibit a significantly and reversibly low antioxidant capacity, which is probably due to a reduced paraoxonase-1 activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: hypercholesterolemia is a major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Its reduction reduces morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease and CVD in general, primary prevention and secondary prevention especially. Objective: to determine whether a notarized and intensive clinical practice can overcome inertia and achieve the therapeutic goal (OT) LDL-C <100 mg / dL in high-risk patients attended in Primary Care (PC) in our country. Methodology: epidemiological, prospective, multicenter study conducted in centers of different ACs By AP consecutive sampling 310 patients at high cardiovascular risk (diabetic or established CVD) previously treated with statins, which did not reach the OT included c-LDL. Results: the study subjects had a mean age of 65.2 years, of which 60.32 % were male. The 41.64 % had a previous EVC, acute myocardial infarction (20.33 %), angina (16.07 %), stroke / TIA (9.19 %), arthropathy (5.25 %), diabetes (70.87 %), hypertension (71.01 %), and abdominal obesity (69.62 %). The 43.57 % (95 % CI: 37,21; 50,08) of patients who performed the 2nd visit (241) got the OT. 62.50 % (95 % CI: 55.68, 68.98) of those who took the 3rd (216) got the OT. Finally, 77.56 % (95 % CI: 72.13, 83.08) patients who performed the last visit (205) got the OT. Throughout the study there was a reduction in LDL-C levels from 135.6 mg / dL at baseline, 107.4 mg / dL in the 2nd visit, 97.3 mg / dL in the 3rd visit, up to 90.7 mg / dL at the final visit (p < 0.0001) The increase in HDL-C from baseline (50.9 mg / dL) and final (53.6 mg / dL) was also significant (p = 0.013). Conclusions: the reassessment and intensification of treatment in patients at high cardiovascular risk treated in primary care, applying the indications of the guides, achieves the OT in more than three quarters of the previously uncontrolled within half a year. These results should encourage us to overcome the therapeutic inertia in the control of CVD by early and energetic performance against hypercholesterolemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemias are ones of the most frequent diseases in Mexico. Although resistance to insulin and type 2 diabetes mellitus are multifactorial, high levels of triglycerides have a lypotoxic effect over peripheral tissues that can significantly reduce sensitivity to insulin. Objective: To determine sensitivity to insulin in a group of non-diabetic non-obese patients with hypertriglyceridemia, and to compare them with a group of healthy subjects without hypertriglyceridemia. Material and method: A case-control and analytical study was performed with patients from the Internal Medicine Clinic al Hospital Regional Mérida, ISSSTE, who met inclusion criteria. We determined glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglycerides, LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald formula -whenever triglycerides levels were >350mg/dL, LDL cholesterol was measured directly-, insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Determinations of the homeostasis model to measure sensitivity to insulin (HOMA-S) and insulin-secreting capacity (HOMA-B) were done using the HOMA calculator software, version 2.2, of the Diabetes trials unit, University of Oxford, UK. Results: We included 202 subjects, 80 (40%) male; the average age was of 48 years (limits: 20-65). According to inclusion criteria, 102 (50.5%) met criteria for hypertriglyceridemia, and 100 (49.5%) were deemed normolypemic. Sensitivity to insulin (HOMA-S) was significantly diminished (79.8% vs 110.6%, p<0.0001) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly increased (1.7% vs 1.1%, p<0.0001) in hypertriglyceridemic patients as compared to normolypemic subjects. Conclusions: Sensitivity to insulin is significantly reduced in patients with hypertriglyceridemia as compared to normolypemic subjects. Lipid alterations, particularly hypertriglyceridemia, reduce sensitivity to insulin, and could participate, among other factors, in type 2 diabetes mellitus physiopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome represents a constellation of lipid risk factors and non lipid leading to the onset of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus with implications on morbidity and mortality of these patients. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of metabolic syndrome in a group of randomly selected patients. Method: A descriptive study aimed at understanding the behavior of the metabolic syndrome in 129 patients attending the outpatient area of the Central Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital Dr. "Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" the city of Santiago de Cuba in the province of the same name in the period from January to June 2010. Results: A high percentage of the population studied was associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors with low HDL-C values in both male and female, 82.9% and 89.5% respectively, higher triglyceride, 81.6 % in females and 74.3% in males and over 50% of patients of both sexes expressed high levels of blood pressure both systolic and diastolic. There was a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in men with 63.6% of all male patients, in relation to women who also showed a high percentage (51.4%) in their prevalence. Conclusions: The association of risk factors that predominated in patients with metabolic syndrome was hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and low HDL cholesterol. These results indicate that interventions should be undertaken and programs to encourage healthier lifestyle changes and preventive treatments that prevent the development of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 400 people (over 15 years) from Pehuenche communities of the Chilean Alto Bio Bio, from May to October 2011, in order to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemias in this population. Necessary information was collected on the basis of regulations and criteria of the Ministry of Health, and as general results of average plasma levels and prevalence of dyslipìdemia were: total cholesterol 169.20 ±26.36 mg/dL and 8.2%; low-density lipoproteins 89.93 ±23.31 mg/dL and 4.5%; triglycerides 145.89 ±48.96 mg/dL and 53.0%; and highdensity lipoproteins 50 ±8.87 mg/dL and 28.3%. The values were lower in the age group of 15-24 years and in Pehuenche people with poor association with abdominal obesity or overweight; in general, they were lower than those of the city people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metabolic syndrome is frequent in Trujillo. Objective: To determine risk factors and categories of coronary risk and achievements of LDL aim in adults with and without metabolic syndrome by age and gender in Trujillo. Methods: We studied 222 males and 246 females from 20 and 79 years of age. Body weight, height, abdominal waist, blood pressure, age, gender and family history of cardiovascular disease were obtained. Glucose and lipid profile were determined by enzymatic methods, and metabolic syndrome was defined based on ATPIII criteria. Results: No difference of coronary risk by gender was observed among patients with metabolic syndrome: low risk (27.5% for males and 38% for females); moderate risk (12.5% for males and 22% for females); moderate-high risk (20% for males and 18% for females) and high risk (40% for males and 22% for females). Values for patients without metabolic syndrome were: low risk (67.58% for males and 83.67% for females); moderate risk (5.49% for males and 8.16% for females); moderate-high risk (18.13% for males and 3.06% for females) and high risk (8.79% for males and 5.1% for females). Patients with metabolic syndrome had more frequently high risk categories and less frequently low risk categories, and achieved less LDL aims (47%) than patients without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is associated with higher coronary risk categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to compare the lipid profile by gender and age in cattle at different stages of development. Materials and Methods: blood samples from 192 crossbred cattle from some areas of the municipalities of Caldas and Risaralda were taken, in the fasting state, differentiated by gender and age (49 males and 49 females aged under 18 months and 44 males and 50 females over 24 months). Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides,and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using enzymaticcolorimetric method; levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined using the Friedewald equation. Results: by age, in the group of adult animals, there exists significant difference for LDL-C levels, being higher in females; in the young animals group there is significant difference in HDL-C levels, which is also higher in females; by gender, both sexes have a significant difference in total cholesterol levels, being adult females the ones reporting higher levels; among males the HDL-C is significantly higher in adults and among females the LDL-C values in adults are significantly elevated, confirming the results obtained in the group of adult animals. Triglycerides and VLDL values showed no statistically significant differences in either group since the p-value was always >0.05 analyzed with a confidence level of 95%. Conclusion: given the differences in the group comparisons between groups for the bovines lipid profile, four lipid profile groups can be considered as follows: adult males, adult females, young males and young females, being adult animals the ones having higher levels of TC and LDL-C for females and of HDL-C for males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in a prepubertal population of both sexes. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study that included 2- 9 years children of both sex, randomly selected from the population of a health insurance organization. The variables analyzed were: weight, height, triceps skinfold, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoproteins and glucose. Results. We studied 240 subjects, 123 children (51.3%) and 117 girls (48.8%). The prevalence of overweight was 16.6%, the high blood pressure of 3.7%and 1.2%metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We performed a pilot, experimental, open study in order to know the effect, effective dosage and secondary effects of sacha inchi´s (Plukenetia volúbilis L) oil on the lipid profiles of patients with hypercholesterolemia. We included 24 patients of ages 35 to 75, to whom we measured total cholesterol (TC), HDL, triglycerides (Tg), glucose (G), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and insulin (I) levels in blood, then we randomized them to receive sacha inchi oil orally 5 ml or 10 ml of a suspension of sacha inchi oil (2gr/5ml) for four months. The oil intake produced a decrease in the mean values of TC, and NEFA, and a rise in HDL in both subgroups. The subgroup receiving 10 ml was associated to an increase in the insulin levels. Sacha inchi oil appears to have beneficial effects on the lipid proile of patients with dyslipidemia, but their efficacy and security should be evaluated in randomized clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to compare the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of Hibiscus sabadariffa extract (SHE) versus pravastatin in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: double blind and controlled clinical trial. Men and women with hypercholesterolemia ≥ 220 mg/dL, over 30 years without previous treatment were included. Treatments: Experimental I, SHE standardized 10 mg of anthocyanins, control, 20 mg of pravastatin, Experimental II, extract of H. sabdariffa, standardized to 20 mg of anthocyanins along 12 weeks. SHE Data analysis with Anova and χ² tests were used. Results: we included 104 patients, at baseline there were no significant differences in age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides. At the end of the study, the experimental I reduced triglycerides (p ≤ 0.0001 ), the control treatment reduced triglycerides, cholesterol total and its fractions (p = 0.02), and finally, the experimental treatment II reduced triglycerides (p = 0.0001). The three treatments showed high percentages (> 96) of safety and tolerability, without showing significant differences (p ≥ 0.57). Conclusions: the treatments, with 10 and 20 mg of anthocyanins reduce triglycerides. The control treatment showed the greatest effect on lowering total cholesterol and fractions to experimental treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin Resistance is today one of the morbility and mortality worldwide etiology factors because of its association with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which progressively deteriorate organic funtions Objetive: To establish the presence of insulin resistance in adolescents attended at the internal medicine consult of the Primary care setting Nuestra Sefiora de la Luz, during year 2010. Patients and Methods: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, transversal design done in a sample of 100 adolescents. Data collection was done with a form designed by the researchers. Results: 63% of total patients were of female sex, the average age was 15,94 ± 0,65 years old, 62% had normal body weight. HDL in females was normal in 3,17% of them and 96,82% had it altered. HDL was normal in 27,02% of males and 72,97% showed it altered. Glycemia was normal in 92% of patients and 8% had it altered; insulin was normal in 91% and 9% had it altered. Thirty % of patients were resistant and 70% non-insulin resistant. Conclusions: incidence of insulin resistance in patients has important clinical value, its prevalence is higher in those with altered body mass index, confirming the association of insulin resistance with body fat excess. High glucose levels are related to the presence of insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endothelial Lipase (EL), enzyme that modulates HDL metabolism, is overregulated by inflammatory-cytokines. Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) has been associated with a subclinical inflammation, so it has been ruled that these patients could have high levels of EL. The objectives of the research are to determine the effect of glucose in the expression of EL in culturing cells and evaluate the relation between the levels of EL and the metabolic control in patients with DM2. Method: During 24 hours, human endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 25 and 50 mmol/L), the effect was evaluated over the expression of EL. In DM2 patients levels of EL, glucose and HbA1c were measured. We had a control group (8) to determine the levels of enzyme. EL was measured by immune transference, and the results were expressed by arbitrary units(AU). Results: In HUVEC cells, the expression of EL was directly proportional extracellular glucose (p < 0.05). 24 diabetic patients were evaluated (15 females and 9 males) average age from 60 ± 9,7 years old. The studied group showed levels of EL bigger than the control group (14911 AU and 10250,18AU) respectively (p < 0.05). We found no relation between glucose, HbA1c and EL. Conclusion: In HUVEC cells there is a direct relation between extracell glucose and EL. The diabetic patients had higher levels of EL than the control group, but these was not related with glucose or HbA1c, these shows the existence of other factors that participate in the increasement of EL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. To compare serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I and B as well as Apo B/Apo A-I and HDL cholesterol/Apo A-I ratios by age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals treated at a Venezuelan public health center. Materials and methods. We determined in 221 individuals (44.0 ± 15.5 years) of both genders blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), lipid profile and apolipoproteins A-I and B; body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height; smoking habit, alcohol intake and consumption pattern were established. Results. 27.5% of individuals had low levels of Apo A-I, 45.2% high Apo B and 60.6% high Apo B/Apo A-I ratio. Serum levels of apolipoproteins and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio did not vary with age or gender, while the ratio HDL cholesterol/Apo A-I decreased with the age. Obese individuals, smokers, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemics, hypertriglyceridemics or with low HDL cholesterol showed higher Apo B and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio. Older individuals, smokers or individuals with increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides showed lower HDL cholesterol/Apo A-I ratio. Consumption of three or more alcoholic drinks/day was associated with decreased Apo B. Conclusions. These results show high prevalence of altered apolipoprotein profile, which is associated with major cardiovascular risk factors. The results support the inclusion of the evaluated apolipoproteins in laboratory determinations made in public health centers in Venezuela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Interpreting medical data from clinical laboratory analyses is a key process in making clinical patient decisions. The decisions are based upon comparing patient results against the reference intervals that are calculated using results from human reference populations. Objective. Determine the reference intervals of the lipid profile of worker and student populations at the Autonomous University of Morelos State. Materials and Methods. The subjects were a volunteer group of 142 participants between 20 and 45 years old. The concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was determined by endpoint methods of enzymic analyses. The reference intervals were established using non - parametric methods within the two tailed 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Results. The reference intervals were: total cholesterol 90.0-208.3 mg/dL (2.4-5.4 mmol/L); triglycerides 40.7-215.8 mg/dL (0.46-2.5 mmol/L); HDL-cholesterol 26.0-74.9 mg/dL (0.68-1.9 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol 31.4-126.7 mg/dL (0.82-3.3 mmol/L). Conclusions. Comparing our data with other populations found that our results are very similar to other reference populations, and we recommend the use of these values for the clinical interpretation of the university population of the Morelos State, where food, genetics and environmental factors are characteristic of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represent a public health problem and the disease is characterized by metabolic alterations from which hyperglycemia is the common finding; it is highly influenced by patient's lifestyle. Recently, DM has increased its prevalence in the population and became as one of the main causes of morbidity in Venezuela. This is a descriptive, transversal study including 30 students of medicine on their 5th year career, at the clinical settings of the university hospital Ángel Larralde, Valencia, Venezuela. We included male and female, 21 to 24 years old age subjects and considered the following unmodifiable and modifiable risk factors: family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sedentarism, overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, serum lipids, fasting and postprandrial glicemia. The more frequently found risk factors were: sedentarism 76.67 %, risk factors family aggregation 46.67 %, high body mass index and low HDL 23.33 % respectively; increased abdominal circumference 20 %, PAS above 120 mmHg 16.67 % and PAD above 80 mmHg 6.67 %. This study demonstrates that 13.3% of the affected sample presented one risk factor, 80% more than two risk factors and 6.66 % showed none risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity as well as its pheno- and genotypes at position 192 in Mexican subjects with diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: We determined the PON1-192 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP, and serum PON1 activity, using either paraoxon (PONase activity) or phenylacetate (ARE activity) as substrates, in 155 clinically healthy individuals (control group), and 155 patients with at least one myocardial infarction (CHD group). The biochemical A/B phenotype was determined by the ratio of the NaCl 1 M-stimulated PONase activity divided by the ARE activity. Results: We found significantly lower PONase and ARE activities in CHD patients as compared to controls (233.1 ± 102.1 vs 295.8 ± 159.1 nmol/min/mL, and 103.1 ± 33.7 vs 220.2 ± 120.7. micromol/min/mL, respectively, p < 0.05 for both). Allele and genotype frequencies for PON1-192 were similar in CHD patients and healthy controls. Moreover, in the control group, the PON1-192 Q/R genotype did not matched with the A/B phenotype as has been proposed by other studies. Conclusions: There were important differences in the ARE and PONase activities between Mexican CHD patients and controls, suggesting that PON1 activity could be a good marker of CHD risk, whereas PON1-192 lacks of value to assess such risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is considered as an association of health problems that can appear simultaneously or sequentially in each patient. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the MS through the specified definition of the updated ATP III (ATP IIIa) and from the International Diabetes Federation of (IDF). This is a descriptive and transversal study including 184 patients (141 women and 43 men), age between 30 and 90 years old. Abdominal circumference and arterial blood pressure were measured and plasma glicemia, tryglicerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL_c) were assayed. The results show a prevalence of MS of 59.7% in the studied population, which became higher when the IDF criteria (71,1%) was applied and also when estimated with the ATP IIIa criteria (67.4%). Abdominal obesity was the risk factor of major prevalence for both genders according to the above mentioned criteria. In conclusion, including obesity within the diagnostic citeria for MS, the cut off definition for each area allows a better identification of people with MS pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses distribution and chemical composition, as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL) size and LDL oxidation, in coronary male patients treated with statins, that had LDL-cholesterol levels at target (< 100 mg/dL), but whose HDL-cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL) and triglycerides (TG ≥ 150 mg/dL) levels were abnormal. The control group was formed by statin treated coronary male patients with LDL-C below 100 mg/dL and normal HDL-C and TG levels. Material and methods: HDL subclasses and LDL size were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. LDL susceptibility to oxidation was determined by measuring lag phase duration, after adding the oxidant agent. Results: Compared with the control group (n = 35), patients with low HDL-C + high TG (n = 34) showed significantly lower proportions of large HDL and higher proportions of small HDL particles. In addition, these patients had abnormal HDL composition, smaller LDL size, and higher LDL susceptibility to oxidation (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Coronary patients with optimal LDL-C levels on statin therapy but with low HDL-C and high TG, have HDL and LDL abnormalities that have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of new coronary events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative modifications of lipoproteins of the plasma play a causal and important role in the beginning and progression of the atherosclerosis. Studies in vitro indicate that the speed and extension of the oxidation of LDL and HDL are influenced by its fatty acid composition. In the present study the effect of the consumption for 60 days of a diet purified containing 10 % of either palm, sunflower or fish oil were evaluated on the susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of LDL + HDL lipoproteins from the plasma of male Sprague Dawley rats. For this evaluation we performed two methods: determination of reactive substances with tiobarbituric acid (SRTBA) proposed for Kosugi et al, and the peroxides as described by Al -Saadani. It was found, by both methods, that a statistically significant difference (p<0, 05) existed between the susceptibility to oxidation of LDL and HDL fractions for the three dietary groups. The greatest degree of oxidation was observed for the group supplemented with fish oil followed by groups of sunflower and palm. This suggests that the incorporation of monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic) in the diet instead of polyunsaturated protects the oxidative modification of LDL and HDL by reducing the concentration of PUFA available for peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The percentage of patients treated with statins who reach the low-density lipoproteins cholesterol goal is low. Objective: This trial was designed to determine the effects of ezetimiba plus statins on lipid profile from Mexican patients with LDL-C values above the goal. Methods: Forty eight patients with LDL-C levels above the goal established by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III were included in an observational, prospective, open, and blinded for laboratory technicians trial in which total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured, and LDL-C values were estimated by means of Friedewald's formula. Evaluations were made in a certified laboratory by the American College of Pathologists at the start of the trial and eight weeks after treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg plus statins. Results: The LDL-C goal was reached by 83.3%. There were significantly decrements in total cholesterol by 37%, LDL-C by 51% and triglycerids by 18%. Against previously reported HDL-C levels were significantly reduced by 6.8%. This decrement was observed in all groups of patients but male, subjects with hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and those treated with rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe. Conclusions: Ezetimibe plus statins produced remarkable decrements on LDL-C, on triglycerids led to less intensive but significant reductions. However on HDL-C there were important decrements whose potential repercussions are unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the effects of dietary avocado on HDL structure and their associated enzyme, paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Methods: Fifteen Wistar male rats received avocado as part of their daily meal (5 g by 17.5 g chow diet), keeping the caloric intake similar to the control group (n = 15) that received their usual chow diet. After 5 weeks, HDL were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation and their size and chemical composition were analyzed. PON1 was determined in serum spectrophotometrically using phenylacetate as substrate. Results: Rats that received avocado had about 27% lower triglycerides plasma levels whereas their HDL-cholesterol was 17% higher as compared to control group. The mean HDL Stokes diameter was significantly lower in avocado group (11.71 ± 0.8 vs 12.27 ± 0.26 nm, in control group, p < 0.05). The HDL size decrease was associated to a lower content of protein, particularly of apo AI, with a concomitant higher proportion of phospholipids in HDL isolated from avocado group. HDL structural modifications induced by avocado were not related to modifications of LCAT and PLTP activities, but occurred in parallel with higher serum levels of PON1 activity when compared to the controls (57.4 ± 8.9 vs 43.0 ± 5.6 µmol/min/mL serum, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The inclusion of avocado in the diet decreased plasma triglycerides, increased HDL-cholesterol plasma levels and modified HDL structure. The latter effect may enhance the antiatherogenic properties of HDL since PON1 activity also increased as a consequence of avocado. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2007; 77: 17-24) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]