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Considering the increase in housing tenants (inquilinización) and financialization in Latin America, this paper explores the emergence of short-term rentals in the City of Buenos Aires, as a growing trend of housing commodification, barely incorporated into the agenda of urban studies in Latin America. To do so, we take the case of Airbnb and examined four basic dimensions to characterize the phenomenon: quantity and evolution of offers, spatial distribution, housing prices and types of owners, then comparing them with the long term rental market. Results show that short term rental shows sustained growth both over time and territory; it is a real estate market segment which is operated by concentrated and intermediary actors. Due to the low occupancy rate of the properties, the rent obtained is currently lower than in the long-term rental market. However, the post-pandemic context (still in the process of recovery) and other significant non-economic factors must be considered when interpreting these results. The paper concludes by proposing future possibilities of advance in the research of the phenomenon in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the reconversion experiences of four social organizations to sustain the social bond and collective care in popular neighborhoods of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina, during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on qualitative research work with an ethnographic approach, conducted remotely between July and September 2020, we i) reconstructed the social context and characterized the activities of the socio-community organizations studied in AMBA, before and during the pandemic; ii) sketched images such as the collective "la olla" organization, which describe the community provision of care; and iii) showed how, in the context of restricted movement, the organizations had to deploy tactics to "contain," "accompany" and take care of themselves and others. In line with debates about an economy of care, which produces values surreptitiously appropriated by the rest of the economy, this paper focuses on those resulting from socio-community practices related to: food --"la olla" and "la fila"--, health, and socio-affective --"containment"--. This proposal is intended to contribute to the theoretical-political field of discussion, in which it is situated, on the paradox between the centrality of (socio-community) care, for the production of social welfare, and its insufficient recognition in economic, social, and political terms. Methodologically, the paper portrays the challenges --for social research-- of reading and interpreting practices when co-presenciality is technologically mediated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to open the discussion about a hidden damnatio in a Pedro García de Benabarre's painting that belongs to the MNAD of Buenos Aires and is part of the Spanish Renaissance art heritage of Argentina. I will examine the implications of some scratches trying to annul the devil's powers and the modern decision to "disguise" these interventions in pursuit of certain restoration criteria and museumification mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a study intended to elucidate the current modalities of social intervention on children at risk in Argentina, as part of what is known as child protection and from a rights-based approach. I attempt to comprehend these modalities of intervention by focusing on the actions of the institutional agents of a state organism for the protection of children's rights in a mid-range area of Buenos Aires. The material presented here stems from an ethnographic and narrative approach to the actions carried out by these agents in relation to the families with which they interact, in order to access some of the significant schemes that frame them. I conducted my fieldwork in 2018, during a fivemonth internship in the organization, using participant observation as the main research technique. I argue that the trust that permeates the bond between state agents and the families targeted by the interventions is conceived as a moral value that conveys the instructive work carried out, fundamentally, on womenmothers. This characteristic does not serve to make relationships more flexible, but rather reestablishes itself to stylize control and surveillance mechanisms. At the same time, families make use of available institutional rhetoric as a way of translating their social experience into the language of rights, thus effecting the expected transformation. This work shows how current models of intervention involving children and their families incorporate new elements such as trust and affection, which, however, are woven with enduring power mechanisms typical of the scope of the state's protective services. It also discusses the place of families in the interaction with state agents to enable an understanding of their actions based on the use and appropriation of the language of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the modalities of organization and the collective demands made in recent years by the indigenous population of the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (Argentina). In order to do so, it addresses the process of participation of the new ethnic leaderships in local government through the case of the La Coordinación de Pueblos Originarios de Almirante Brown. The paper explores the strategies, the underlying logic, and the decisions that contributed to the processes of ethnopolitical participation in the structure of the contemporary Argentina state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the year 1798 was found in England the first school in which mutual instruction was implemented. In Lancaster System, more advanced students (monitors) were supposed to transfer to their fellow students contents previously taught by their teacher. Thus, a single teacher could grant education to a big set of children. This method popularized and was applied in several countries all over the world, including Argentina, that had to deal with the lack of teachers. In this paper we shall analyze the case of José Catalá y Codina, a spanish scholastic who, while in charge of lancasterian schools in Buenos Aires and Montevideo, wrote two grammar handbooks: Compendio gramatical de la lengua nacional llamada castellana (1821) and Explicaciones sobre el compendio de gramática (1840). We will focus on those resources took by Codina from other works for him to make up his Compendio which, despite all its possible influences, is based primarily in Felipe Senillosa's Gramática española (1817). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the implications of the theoretical approach we choose to analyze the discourses of stakeholders in qualitative fieldwork. As part of this reflection I tackled the theoretical assumptions behind "action" versus "experience articulation" analytical traditions. The evidence presented was collected from 2004 to 2014 while accompanying the design, construction and management of a "social plant" for residues classification placed on "Reconquista Area", in northeast of Great Buenos Aires. Along this decade I combined traditional qualitative approach with action research, which permitted to register the changes and transformations in the discourses about the "social plant". My hypothesis is that these variations can be explained not only by context's fluctuations but transformations in social actor's subjectivities, which are reflected both in their positions among themselves and the narratives about their own stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to integrate mobility as across component of the management of specific public actions. The case of study concerns the public health services in Argentina, and mother's mobility conditions in the suburban of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. In terms of methodology, the paper working on the concept of access trying to identify, measure and evaluate the relationship between mobility conditions and maternal health care. Access is weighted according to the realization of health services, and not according to the arrival at the places where they are offers. The result is innovative empirical evidence, useful as an indicator to make more relevant the role of mobility within the public agenda of transport and others specific sectors, asa basic social right behind the access that requires coordinated actions and cross-sectoral approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to share some similarities about what children and young people obtain from work and school. The main protagonists in the research are children and young people who try to cope with two activities: school learning and work. The objective of this paper is two-fold: on the one hand, to make visible child and adolescent work in our region, since there is not a symbolic or social recognition of it, neither from the school sector nor from people in general and, on the other hand, to show that the school/work relation is a complex one: working children have to deal with different situations in order to keep up schooling: absences, late arrivals, tiredness, temporary desertion, promotion failure, lack of time to study and do homework. These students do not get special attention from their families, the state or the school system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper proposal is to analyze, from a sociological perspective, the disruptive facts that occur in educational institutions, which include conflicts and violence of all kinds. In this sense, the problem is posed in a relational perspective in which conflictive facts in the classrooms must be analyzed according to the social changes happening nowadays. Thus, some aspects of globalization are relevant for this study, since we consider that it is a process that goes beyond economical and financial phenomenon and has many impacts on social and school life. Therefore, the article studies the impact of cohesion crisis, social inequality and intergenerational crisis in the bonds between students and teachers. In addition, the paper deals with the institutional deficits that put off school routine reorder. This paper was elaborated as a presentation of some of the conclusions of a research work I am doing on my PhD Thesis, called Integration and Conflict in High Schools from Buenos Aires City, which is a qualitative research composed by both ethnographical observation in high Schools and in interviews to main educational agents: teachers and deans. Both interviews and ethnographical observations were carried out during 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that the global economy has produced changes in the hierarchical configuration of urban systems. The emerging organization tends to be more open and set up more horizontal relations among cities. There are some evidences that indicate the relative insertion of the main Latin-American cities in global networks. The paper shows the empirical evidence available to Latin-American cities and, specially, related to the Argentine case. It evaluates the tension between the historically forged trend toward geographic concentration of population and economic activities in the metropolis of Buenos Aires and other somewhat more recent trends towards dispersion, emphasizing the role of intermediate cities. The paper concludes reflecting on the importance of flows between cities, the patterns of spatial dependency between them and the role of public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is framed in an UBACYT research project which we have developed in the "Teaching Practices" course of the Sociology Teacher Training Program of the UBA (University of Buenos Aires). We aimed at identifying the factors that can recurrently pose obstacles to this process, starting from the questioning and acknowledgement of Sociology categories, and, at the same time, analyze the teaching strategies that play as facilitators of this task, through the retrospective reconstruction of several teacher practices. This paper is an advance of the above mentioned project and presents provisional results of the second stage of this research, m which we have analyzed the obstacles in the construction of social thinking identified from the perceptions of our practicing students, and the didactic strategies that were implemented and facilitated the overcoming of these difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents theoretical and methodological aspects of a current doctorate sub-project referred to the psycho-social processes involved in the construction of demands by youngster and adult education (EDJA in Spanish). It belongs to a framework project which analyzes factors and processes that takes into account the situation of the demand of EDJA in popular sectors of Buenos Aires City (Dir.: Sirvent) that has diagnosed a situation of deep educational poverty and the validity of the principle of accumulative advance in education. The paper presents some analysis categories integrative axis. It emphasizes in one of these axis, centered in the educational trajectory, starting from a life story taken as a case study that allows us to understand the development of the construction of demands processes in the dialectical interplay among the schooling, the EDJA and the social learning, considering the subject in their integrity and in their vital, family and socio-historical context. There are educational lacks which accumulate and feed each other, causing exclusions and configuring inhibiting psycho-social aspects. However, the dynamics of the stimulating learning are also observed. Our future work aims to combine investigation and intervention on these problems through participative instances of collective construction of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I propose to address the treatment of international migration by the State. In order to do so, I analyze public policies which do not focus on the subject but which impact strongly on the foreign population. Thus, I seek to shed light on logics which may obviate and/or contradict the ones established in migration laws. Such logics become evident when research is conducted from the social and symbolic margins of the State, working with a broad conceptualization of public policies. I exemplify the contributions made by this perspective with the analysis of four policies implemented by the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 2004 and 2014 in the Parque Indoamericano Villa Soldati, area with one of the highest percentages of migrant population residing in this city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a decade, social and political scientists stress the centrality of citizen security policies within the political dynamics of the province of Buenos Aires. In general, the literature emphasizes that the Buenos Aires police is an organization with a high capacity to become autonomous and carry out security policies according to their interests, often illegal and repressive. However, recent research has emphasized the dependence of the police operation of political and social terms. In this context, the aim of the paper is to analyze which actors have the ability to influence the formulation of security policies and how. The central hypothesis of this work consider that governors are the actors with capacities and interests to pursue a policy of security of left or right according to their plan of campaign, which responds to other factors which are not the alleged police interests: mainly the ideology of the national executive and the location of the median voter. The corroboration of this hypothesis instructs on the strategic game behind securities policies and the relative autonomy of the police and the penal system in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of Buenos Aires City's inhabitants undergo serious housing difficulties. During the 21st century these difficulties have become more and more complex, to the point that the City's Legislature has systematically extended the state of housing emergency. In this context, the aim of this paper is to explain the deep causes and the social consequences involved in the housing issue, as it has a strong symbolic impact on the identities of those who undergo it. The theoretical frame for this work is Critical Discourse Analysis, its methodology is qualitative and the corpus consists of life histories and City's Government speeches on the so-called "housing issue". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opposition between the categories of shantytown and neighborhood has been crucial in the disciplinary analyses of popular habitat in Argentina. The urbanization of a shantytown in Great Buenos Aires enables us to refresh this discussion, setting the categories into motion. The ethnographic analysis of the category of neighborhood in the urbanization of Villa Torres (La Matanza) will help to explore how this shantytown is constructed as “emblem" for public policies, receiving various resources. In fact, this paper will analyze how the urbanization is legitimized through an image of the neighborhood, of the urbanization and of the people in charge of it as “gente del barrio" [people from the neighborhood] in order to show how local knowledge is implied in this public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper characterizes the social exclusion that affects individuals suffering extreme poverty in Buenos Aires. The article consists of two sections. First, it summarizes some relevant aspects of the literature on social exclusion and the functioning of the labor market in the recent past in Argentina. Second, it presents the results of the fieldwork completed by the authors. The research was based on a survey of 190 adult males living in homeless shelters in the City of Buenos Aires. The goal of the investigation was to record their perceptions regarding labor opportunities and to identify the factors that might influence their inclusion into/exclusion from economic activities, including the role of educational credentials. We found that the vast majority of respondents exhibited work trajectories characterized by alternating unemployment, unstable jobs, and inactivity. That pattern seems to be insensitive to economic cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to emphasize the relevance of analyzing the exchanges between local and foreign counterparts. Latin American cultural history, cultural studies as well as architecture and urbanism histories contribute to discuss dependentists analyses on center--periphery relations. Those research lines enable a more productive approach on international circulation of ideas, technicians and urban models as well as international exchanges. The theoretical approach is articulated with a previous research that analyzes the struggle to define diagnoses of Buenos Aires city problems between 1983 and 1992. Those diagnosis are developed by various networks of local professional and technician, related in multiple ways with Spanish peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents nine new records of oribatid mites for Argentina and two new records outside of the type locality. The new records correspond to the following genera: Stomacarus, Adelphacarus, Beklemishevia, Epilohmannia, Acrotritia, Anderemaeus, Pseudotocepheus, Teratoppia, Eupelops and Allogalumna. Specimens were collected in the localities Magdalena, Mar Chiquita and Mar del Plata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the official proposal for recent history teaching. For such purpose, we draw on national education laws (1993 and 2006), the curricula approved from 1995 to present for the secondary level (at the national level and at the Province of Buenos Aires) and regulations of the commemorations--especially March 24th and September 16th--. This analysis will be made in relation to the representations of memory and the progress of historiography about recent past, to consider up to what extent school contents have witnessed an impact due to changes in these narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article constitutes a of the papers presented in Conference "Towards a History of the Printed Culture in Argentina (1810-1950)", on the 22nd August, 2012 at the Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas (INIBI) of the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras of the Universidad de Buenos Aires as part of the UBACYT Project titled "History of Publishing and of Reading in public and institutional places. The participation of the people in the field of the Printed Culture in Argentina" (Código 20020100200004 [01/K004] - Proyectos trienales de Programación científica 2011-2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a preliminary approach in search of explanations to account for the possible causes of the scarcity of wood in the archaeological record of the City of Buenos Aires. We proceeded from that observed in some woods from six archaeological sites of San José de Flores. In turn, we took into account the overall context of socio-economic and historical Buenos Aires. General and speciic analysis of the data allowed us to determine that perhaps the poor visibility of timber in the archaeological record of Buenos Aires was given by the sum and articulation joint of various factors such as geographic distribution of native forests, climatic characteristics typical of the city, the limitation of resources for certain social groups, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the sensitivity invoked by child issues, specifically regarding abuse, from the standpoint of the construction of the Argentinean National State, focusing particularly on the mediation role that neighborhood communities took on in the central and southern regions of the Buenos Aires province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metropolitan experience refers to the many circumstances of everyday life in the metropolis and the various possible relationships between subjects and urban places, the variety of uses and meanings of space by different people (Duhau and Giglia, 2008). Following this we won't say that the urban experience is not homogeneous nor neutral but changes depending on which city from different subjects establish a relationship with the rest of the metropolis and sense of their position in it. This article is based on the analysis in a doctoral thesis focused on the experiences of homeless people in the streets of Buenos Aires City. The inhabitants of the street are single people, families, youth, etc. who should inhabit the streets of the city, making that this and their space have another meaning. From this study is that it reflected the reflections presented below on the ways of "being" a city dweller. In this paper we delve into the urban experience across these sectors and will present the latest urban and social transformations that led to that inhabit the streets is a way of "being" a city inhabitant [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In colonial society of eighteenth-century Buenos Aires, there was a series of women who Traditional historiography has not given their rightful place: working women. This study aims to analyze and re-evaluation of these females, there also arises a series of networks of "gender solidarity" among women in need of help, in which working women had a role. This is taken as the standard source that rose in the city of Buenos Aires in 1744; it throws a lot of information to understand this complex phenomenon. There will be a thorough analysis of all models of working women the pattern shows, from different perspectives. These ladies are a very heterogeneous group, as work motivations are very different: for aggregate found, being slaves, etc. But at the same time is to keep track of paper, which together with the work effort of these played the charity and solidarity and support for female survival at this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina, teachers have traditionally been characterized as part of the middle class or the petty bourgeoisie, depending on the theoretical perspective. This characterization is usually based on the predominantly female composition of teachers as a group and on their character of wives of that portion of the population that occupies "relatively important positions in the social structure". However, few studies have attempted to account for this hypothesis and most of them are based on unrepresentative samples. In this paper we present an exercise based on a comparison of census data for three jurisdictions which have different features both in the recruitment of teachers and in their specific social and economic structures: Ciudad de Buenos Aires, La Pampa and Santa Cruz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study on three species, of which commercialize products considered adaptogens: Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), "maca", Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), "noni", and Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae), "pipi". The data come from an Urban Ethnobotany study conducted in Buenos Aires-La Plata conurbation. The traditional uses of the species, their access routes, marketing and diffusion as dietary supplements in urban pluricultural context are presented, as well as current modes of use and related knowledge which are part of local botanical knowledge. Thus, modifications in the uses originally assigned as result of the expansion of the products in the context of globalization are evaluated, well as the consequent changes in traditional patterns of knowledge, beliefs and practices related to these plant resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the use of photo-elicitation interviews in the Anglo-Saxon and Argentinean contexts. While in the former, its use is extensive; in the latter, only few researchers have engaged with it. In this type of interview, researchers use photographs to prompt memories, feelings, stories and views from interviewees. Following the Anglo-Saxon literature and the assessment of one Argentinean study, this article argues that photo-elicitation interviews could notably enrich the study of certain social phenomena. Moreover, it offers tools to assess the use of this interview technique in Argentina and Ibero-América. The first section, following international literature, analyses the scope, limitations, and benefits of the photo-elicitation interview. The second section examines the use of visual materials in sociological research in Argentina, and the use of the photo-elicitation interview in one qualitative study carried out in the City of Buenos Aires in 2007. Here, the cons, pros and ethical challenges of the use of this type of interview are unfolded. This section demonstrates that the outcomes of the photo-elicitation interview supersedes the multi-layered complexities this technique involves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the archaeological materials recovered from urban contexts, the glass is one of the most common, wich shows the growing consumption of this kind of articles since final XIXth century. This progress can be explained because of the massification in the production of the glass artifacts of foreign origin, besides of the incipient development of the local industry at that time. In this paper we apply a methodology of analysis for vitreous artifacts, as well as we offer some proposals for the interpretative approach to the cultural formation processes. This will be achieved from de study of recovered materials from two sites of the city of Buenos Aires: "Rodríguez Visillac" and "Corralón de Floresta", wich represent two differential contexts of disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes the first record of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch for Argentina, and considerations about its status in the context of the naturalization process. Also includes observations about exotic species of Juglans in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the nineteenth century, a process of modernization and development took place in Argentina, within the frame of the nation-state consolidation. In this context, the country witnessed a discursive profusion that expected to introduce disciplinary instruments into society, among which the creation of a modern maternal ideal can be mentioned. This paper analyzes the main topics of such discourses, through one the main media available to spread them in rural central and southern Buenos Aires in our period: the local press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is framed within a research project about the processes of transferring knowledge generated by the social sciences. More precisely, it is focused on the linking processes generated between the academic sector and government and civil society organizations. The sample consists of cases from research groups funded by the UBACYT program at the University of Buenos Aires between 2002 and 2007. Selection of these groups was made according to three problem areas: health, housing and education. This work presents the results of interviews that considered three main points: a) characteristics of the effectively established relations and the difficulties found; b) the characteristics of forming groups and their previous experience; c) the role played by the university as an academic institution in the transfer process. Finally, the study evidences the presence of tensions regarding the definition of objectives for knowledge production and transfer in the discourse of the research groups analyzed, and the repercussions that this has on the research and linkage strategies chosen by the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and use of indicators and indices is increasingly necessary to understand and adequately measure the living conditions of the population at different scales. In Argentina, however, there has been a delay in the production of environmental indices in relation to others associated with social and economic variables. To fill this gap this paper proposes the development of an environmental quality index for the Province of Buenos Aires and the Federal Capital of Argentina. For its implementation twenty-three variables are grouped into two broad dimensions called a) scenic, recreational or amenity resources, and b) environmental problems. The spatial configuration shows that municipalities located in attractive natural areas and with a medium population component have the best scores in contrast to large urbanizations that share various environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this presentation we aspire to show the main results of a research that a group of teachers and researchers of the Department of Investigation and Educational Statistics of the University of Buenos Aires carried out between 2004 and 2008, and set out some teaching concerns that came up in this process, related to the challenge that represents the teaching of the practice of scientific research in the formal framework of university course. The research process that we are referring to, seek to contribute to the theoretical field related to the pedagogy of research training and specifically investigated about the changes of conceptualizations about scientific research in Social Sciences that students of Research and Educational Statistics I are carrying out. This paper is organized in three moments: The presentation of the problematic situation which started the research problem. The description of the student's previous knowledge and final constructions about the scientific research. The development of some answers about student's process of change of scientific research ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the Superior Education Politics: between the Social State crisis and the peak of the Neoliberal State. Teaching, investigation and management in the Argentinean university, research project accredited by the SECAT-UNCPBA and the Incentives National Program 2009/11. The general goal of the project is to identify and describe the configurations of the superior education politics developed in Argentina between the Social State crisis and the Peak of the Neoliberal one, tackling the academic teaching and investigating labour with the "new territorial expansions" of the superior education offer, as well as the modalities of the government and the university management in territorial spaces of the southeast of Buenos Aires. The lines of research spreads in certain objects: the academic profession and its development en different scientific and institutional scopes; the government and management practices in the university faculties/degrees and the knowledge circulation-production-reproduction in a superior education marketing context. The work presents progresses of the study in academic, government and Management practices between the middle seventies to the first years of the XXI Century, analyzing continuities and ruptures in teacher departments, programs and disciplines conformation processes. We take into account a weave of politics, actors, power and knowledge struggles in a socio-cultural and territorial space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the progress of the research project that investigates the ideas that sustained the pedagogic thinking developed by liberal Protestants in Argentina, in the beginning of the 20th century. These groups allied to liberalism, led by Wiliam Case Morris; and developed an educational project in collaboration with the State, in the most marginalized zones of Buenos Aires. In the magazine LA REFORMA ("The Reform") in collaboration with the mentioned project, it is possible to find a wide range of discourses around the idea of citizens' construction. In this regard epistemological and political matters complemented each other, by establishing definitions in themes that revolved around this conceptual nucleus. Among them we find discourses referred to childhood that confronted with the catholic imaginary that disputed the hegemony in the social field. However, often these discourses contradicted each other: they expressed the conflict of interests that were a product of the struggle, not only with antagonistic groups but within liberalism itself. We believe that in the construction of a particular identity that combined elements of Protestantism, liberalism and modern pedagogy, these groups contributed to the repositioning of child as an educational, social and political subject, in the process of secularization and democratization of the Argentinean State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the final results of an investigation (UBACYT F157) that determined the scientific production indicators of the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras of the Universidad de Buenos Aires for 2007. Quantitative procedures were applied to analyze the data recorded in a database created ad hoc. Preferences of researchers to disseminate their findings through the production of journal articles, conference papers, book chapters and books, audiovisual and electronic productions were determined. Among the different bibliographic formats, the following variables were studied: language, types of journals, scope of the conferences, authors, types of publishers. Of the three hypotheses stated the one that presupposed the existence of various strategies for dissemination of knowledge among different disciplines has been refuted. The other two were confirmed: preference for printed over digital media and almost non-existent use of electronic resources for dissemination, and preference for certain semi-formal channels of dissemination such as conferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is, on the one hand, to disclose the legislative actions that Argentine Government its different jurisdictions has undertaken about Corporate Social Responsibility in; and, on the other hand, to set the authors' point of view as regards its future development. Considering the fact that there is no a comprehensive national legislation about this subject, some local laws and initiatives are taken as example. One of them is Act No. 2594 by Legislatura de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, which demands companies to publish entrepreneurial social reports. Another source is national Act No. 25877 and its modification proposals, which deals with Working Regime Order in relation to Social Report publications. Besides, another regulatory project about the topic from Municipalidad de San Carlos de Bariloche is taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October, 1934, on the occasion of the International Eucharistic Congress, one million Catholics gathered at Buenos Aires to show their faith and support of the Catholic Church. Those public meetings went on for ten years, as part of a Catholic political mobilization -The Army of Cristo Rey- in times of a strong political radicalization. This paper examines the characteristics of this phenomenon, which combined in a unique way three elements: the hierarchy of the Church, Catholic activists and common Catholic believers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the configuration of living spaces from commuting patterns in Chapadmalal (Municipality of General Pueyrredon, Buenos Aires, Argentina). Everyday living space and territorial mobility are the central concepts. Raw data was used: the living spaces were categorized by their jurisdictional area and by the locations used. Different spatial configurations, and distinct kinds of space use were obtained, where the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects are linked to the specificities of each category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an ethnographic perspective, this paper will focus on analyzing how «cirujas» --as people collecting reusable materials from waste are-- are readapting themselves to the current urban space in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina), and how they confront stigmatizing social discourses. An account of theses uses and the strategies they formulate to face social differentiation they use to live with, to resist or coexist with stigmatizing stereotypes condemning them is provided. At the same time, by focusing on urban spaces with interacting groups from different socio-economic sectors, the idea of social segregation will be challenged, by showing these processes come along with new encounter modalities between the different social groups based on the realization of a differentiated use of public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two capitals have a historical interaction that joins processes, destinies and societies, which is manifested in the physical, social and architectonic configuration of both cities. However, the ways in which these processes are dealt with and developed regarding built patrimony and its protection, intervention in the historic centers or the outline of public policies to foster their recovery do not show parallelisms, but rather marked displacements. This paper aims to expose them, focusing on aspects related to urban history and intervention, patrimony, and housing in the historic centers of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardinal Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, is an important public figure in the social and political life of Argentina. The article analyses Cardinal's moral teaching on social issues as it is expressed in documents and speeches. It underlines the prophetic character full of hope of Cardinal's teachings. The paper studies the evolution of this thought in three periods: 2000-2003/2003-2007/2007-2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will analyze the relationship between language practices and childhood among Toba children. The study focused on a marginal urban setting in Buenos Aires where monolingual practices are replacing bilingual ones. Consequently, many children are rapidly shifting to Spanish and loosing their command of the Toba language. Through an ethnographic research, we observed native childhood categorization (nogotshaxac) to systematize the meanings, implicit and explicit, that languages have along different moments in children's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes involved in deductive reasoning have been studied by Cognitive Psychology since the seventies. Many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the difficulties in solving simple reasoning problems when considering their logical connectives, content and context of the tasks in which they are presented. These hypotheses have led to the development of different theories of reasoning like those based on the formal inference rules approach (Braine, 1978; Braine & O'Brien, 1991; Braine & Rumain, 1983; Rips, 1994), the Pragmatic Schemas Theory (Cheng & Holyoak, 1985) and the theory of semantic mental models (Johnson-Laird, 1983, Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991). The componential models of the Item Response Theory have allowed Psychometry to explain said these processes (Embretson, 1994). Thus, for instance, the Linear Logistic Latent Trait Model (LLTM) (Fischer, 1973, 1997), an extension of the Rasch model, expresses item difficulty as the sum of the effects due to the sources of difficulty predicted by the mentioned cognitive theories, which enables us to decide whether these effects are significant and estimate them. In other words, the Rasch item parameters βi are linearly decomposed in the form βi = p∑l=1 wilal+c (1) where p is the number of components considered, al -the basic parameters of the model, expresses the difficulty of each component l, wil is the weight of al with respect to the difficulty of the item i and c is an arbitrary normalization constant. Formula (1) implies that the application of the LLTM model makes sense only when the Rasch model fits the data. On the other hand, if the proposed components were sufficiently exhaustive to explain the differences between the items, formula (1) would allow us, once the basic parameters αl have been estimated, to recover estimates β̂i similar to those obtained directly by the application of the Rasch model, which would imply a high correlation between the parameters estimated under both models. The identification of the difficulty components and the estimate of their effects may be useful to generate items with preset difficulty parameters. This paper describes the process to find a subset of deductive reasoning items to which the LLTM model fits well. A set of 24 deductive reasoning items were designed and created considering the sources of difficulty predicted by cognitive theories and educational practice. The objective is to verify the suitability of such sources and to guide the construction of new items. Each item may consist of one, two or three premises and one conclusion. The individual must decide whether the conclusion is true or false. Nine items are made of concrete content, neutral to avoid any bias due beliefs or opinions, and the remaining ones have abstract or symbolic content. They were administered to a sample of 251 students of Psychology (Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina), composed of 24% males and 76% females, whose average age is 22.68 (DS = 6.35). Good fit for the Rasch model (p = .89) and for the LLTM model (p = .11) were obtained for 12 of them. The Wald z-values were not significant for the 12 items mentioned before. The linear correlation between the parameters estimated under both models was r = .99. Five components that turned out to be significant were considered. These components are listed in a decreasing level of difficulty: (a) affirmation of the consequent and negation of antecedent fallacies, (b) negation when affecting disjunction / conjunction, (c) abstract or symbolic content, (d) quantifiers and (e) conditionals. The two assumptions that refer to both, the item and subject parameter invariance, were checked. The results of this exploratory step encourage us to go on constructing new items taking into account the sources of difficulty that were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the daily life experiences of patients with terminal diseases. It analyses the broad "umbrella" of reactions and attitudes toward the lack of curative treatments, exploring the way people under these vital circumstances look for new meanings in order to be able to appropriate/negotiate the face of death. Spiritual concerns, stresses of family life, suffering challenges, changes in priorities and also the interactions with health professionals are depicted from hermeneutic approaches. The study is based on ethnography and other qualitative research methods. The participants were selected among patients that were hospitalized in three Oncology Centres and Palliative Care Services of Buenos Aires (2003-2005) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowne and Marlowe (1960) developed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) that is a widely used scale to measure social desirability defined as "the need of subjects to obtain approval by responding in a culturally appropriate and acceptable manner" (p. 353). Several studies from Psychology and Medicine areas have included the MCSDS. The MCSDS is used both to asses and to control for response bias in a socially desirable manner as well as to measure psychological concepts, such as defensiveness or need for approval. Moreover, the MCSDS is the standard measurement to categorize the four coping styles from Weinberger, Schwartz, and Davidson model (1979). Since the MCSDS first appeared, investigators have proposed several changes such as, short forms, computerized administrations, translations and adaptations to diverse cultures. In this study of development of the Escala de Deseabilidad Social de Crowne y Marlowe (EDSCM) is described. The EDSCM Scale is an adaptation to the Argentinian culture of the original MCSDS full scale with a paper-and-pencil administration form. A pilot study with a sample of Psychology student volunteers was conducted to adapt the MCSDS to Argentinian culture. One hundred nineteen Psychology college students (93 women and 26 men (M = 28 years; SD = 9.6) from two universities of the Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (Republica Argentina) volunteered to participate in reliability and validity studies of the EDSCM Scale. The student sample participants completed the EDSCM, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDIII), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). For this student sample, the EDSCM scores ranged from 0 to 27, with a mean of 14.13 (SD = 4.99). EDSCM scores were normally distributed with no outlier values. The internal scale reliability of the EDS CM measured with Cronbach's alpha was .76. No statistically significant mean difference between sexes was found for the EDSCM Scale. A statistically significant association between the L Scale of EPQ and the EDSCM, with a large correlation effect size, provided convergent validity evidence for the EDSCM Scale. With regard to the divergent validity of the EDSCM Scale, a small to medium correlation effect size between the BDI-II and the EDSCM provided evidence that the EDSCM is a social desirability scale independent from Psychopathology. A sub-sample of students (n = 52) who previously completed the EDSCM Scale, completed the EDSCM again with instructions to imagine being in a hiring process. Comparing the normal (M = 15.94; SD = 4.81) and the differential instruction condition (M = 28.67; SD = 4.67) a statistically significant increase in the EDSCM scores was detected. To provide known-groups validity, the EDSCM scores derived from an adult sample were compared with the EDSCM scores derived from an applicant sample. The adult sample included 120 participants (73 women and 47 men; M = 35.6 years; SD = 15.9) and the applicant sample included 134 people (61 women and 73 men; M = 28.9 years, SD = 3.4). Both for the adult sample and the applicant sample, there was not statistically significant sex difference for the EDSCM Scale. The applicant condition (M = 23.66; SD = 5.37; α = .75) showed statistically significant higher EDSCM scores than the normal condition (M = 16.09; SD = 5.18; α = .84). In this article, the validity and reliability of the EDSCM Scale have been analyzed, as indicated by the study of convergent and divergent validities, differential instructions technique, and known-groups technique, as well as internal consistency analyses. All considered, the findings presented appropriate psychometric properties of the Argentinian culture adaptation of the MCSDS. The use of EDSCM Scale is suggested for researches related to Psychology and Medicine areas in Argentinian samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I have enquired about the category "andinos" that is used by certain social leaders in their relations with the State of the City of Buenos Aires to refer to people whom migratory studies usually classify according to their national origin as Bolivians, Peruvians or internal migrants from Argentina. It is based on two divergent theoretical perspectives: one that examines the difference between established and outsiders and the other that holds social values as founders of a community. The category "andinos" refers to a work of communalization these leaders carry on in order to turn into political subjects those sectors usually excluded from the public debate. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews, informal discussions, field notes and journalistic and documentary material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the autobiographical memory in autovalid older adult women residing in the City of Buenos Aires. The sample was considered in four groups defined according to their educational level and to whether they participate in social and educational activities or they reside in long-term facilities. The cognitive model of autobiographical memory was utilized, and one of the techniques proposed for its study. The objective was to establish that the cognitive structure of the autobiographical memory remains the same in the four groups and varies in its capacity according to the social life developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]