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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes communication strategies of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner second adminis-tration (2011-2015), through a multimodal perspective. It briefly describes the multimodal analy-sis framework, also referring to researches using this perspective to analyze television ads in political campaigns. This analysis describes the capabilities and potential of semiotic modes, their interac-tions, modal density, coherence and effects of this kind of communication. The paper shows that this kind of communication offers new expressive capabilities that allow the political discourse to use other forms of communication.

A temática do Cross-Cultural Design ganha destaque no meio acadêmico ao se observar que fatores culturais, frente à globalização, devem ser atendidos no desenvolvimento de novos produtos. O Cross-Cultural Design emerge como uma ferramenta de auxílio aos designers na concepção de artefatos que atentem à multiplicidade das culturas, respeitando e considerando aspectos de sentido primordial para os consumidores, sejam eles locais ou globais. Neste contexto, o presente artigo visa correlacionar a abordagem do Cross-Cultural Design com a área da Moda, apontando novas possibilidades de uso deste conceito em um amplo campo de estudo ainda não explorado pelo meio acadêmico. Como estrutura, este artigo apresenta inicialmente um capítulo destinado a contextualização do termo Cultura. Em um segundo momento, tem-se por objeto a Moda, conceituando-a e demonstrando suas origens e instâncias. A posteriori, a temática do Cross-Cultural Design é exposta, na qual abordam-se concepções fundamentais para a construção do termo e seus significados. Em sequência, disserta-se sobre as aplicações do Cross-Cultural Design na projetação de produtos, relacionando-os ao desenvolvimento de produtos de moda. Por fim, apresentam-se as considerações finais, expondo as conclusões obtidas após a compilação deste estudo. Palavras-chave: Cultura. Design de Moda. Cross-Cultural Design. ABSTRACT The theme of Cross-Cultural Design increases its reputation in the academic environment when it recognizes that cultural factors, in the face of globalization, should be attended in the development of new products. The Cross-Cultural Design arises as a tool to assist designers in designing products that focuses on the multiplicity of cultures, respecting and considering fundamental aspects for the customer, whether local or global. In this context, this present paper proposes to correlate the approach of Cross-Cultural Design with the Fashion Area, pointing out new possibilities of use from this concept in a wide field of study, although not explored yet by the academic environment. In its structure, this paper initially introduces a chapter intended to contextualize the concept Culture. In a second moment, Fashion is the subject of this paper, conceptualizing it and demonstrating its origins and its instances. A posteriori, the theme of Cross-Cultural Design is exposed, in which fundamental concepts are addressed for the development of the subject and its meanings. In sequence, this paper addresses the Cross-Cultural Design applications in the design of products, in the scope of fashion products development. Finally, the final considerations are presented, disclosing the conclusions obtained after the compilation of this study. Keywords: Culture. Fashion Design. Cross-Cultural Design.

ABSTRACT Raymond Carver was a great North American short writer in the 1970’s and 1980’s. His writings have singular characteristics, such as: a minimalist style; desperate characters in constant financial a familiar struggle; the characters’ inability to articulate any kind of concealing communication; and the presence of silence as a place of resistance. This study intends to analyze the use of language and the lack of it in the literature of Raymond Carver. The main goal of this paper is to verify how the recurrent use of silence helps as a mechanism of social resistance, and how this artifice is fundamental in maintaining the world the character inhabit from falling apart. Another aspect analyzed in this paper is how the lack of communication from the masculine characters affect their own masculinities, making them fragile. To support this study the discourse analysis from Michel Pecheux, and its theoretical presuppositions about ideology, language and the subject are applied. To analyze the use of silence in the literature of Raymond Carver, Eni Orlandi is brought to usage, as much as scholars that study Carver and theoreticians that discuss lacanian psychanalysis. It is expected to conclude that the use of silence, as a means of communication, by the author’s characters is a vulnerable strategy that this people find to avoid their social sphere from collapsing. Keywords: Raymond Carver. Discursive formation. Silence. RESUMO Raymond Carver foi um grande contista norte-americano nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Seus escritos têm características muito marcantes, entre elas: um estilo minimalista; personagens desesperados e em constante dificuldade financeira e familiar; a incapacidade de suas personagens articularem uma comunicação conciliadora; e a presença do silêncio como local de resistência. Este estudo pretende analisar o uso da linguagem e da falta desta na literatura de Raymond Carver. O desígnio central deste trabalho é verificar como o uso recorrente do silêncio serve de mecanismo de resistência social, e como este subterfúgio utilizado pelas personagens é fundamental para evitar que o universo social dos sujeitos desmorone. Outro aspecto analisado neste artigo é como a falta de comunicação por parte das personagens masculinas afeta suas próprias masculinidades, deixando-as frágeis. Para embasar este estudo, a análise do discurso da escola de Michel Pecheux, e seus pressupostos teóricos sobre ideologia, língua e sujeito são trazidos à tona. Para analisar o uso do silêncio na literatura de Carver, Eni Orlandi é utilizada, bem como estudiosos da literatura de Raymond Carver e acadêmicos da psicanálise lacaniana. Espera-se concluir que o uso do silêncio, como forma de comunicação, pelas personagens do autor seja uma estratégia vulnerável que estes sujeitos encontram de manter o seu universo em pé. Palavras-chave: Raymond Carver. Formação discursiva. Silêncio.

In this paper we analyse the main barriers that people with intellectual disabilities who have suffered sexual abuse have to face when they access the Justice system. Regarding these barriers, the Victim Support Unit for People with Intellectual Disabilities of the Fundación Carmen Pardo-Valcarce proposes the inclusion in the judicial process of a helper advisor. The entry into force in 2015 of the Law 4/2015, in 27 April, the Statute of the crime victim represents an exemplary opportunity to ensure the incorporation of support proposals involving the insertion of the helper advisor in the judicial process in cases where the victim is a person with intellectual disabilities. In this paper we analyse the impact of the helper advisor, with particular emphasis on cases that have been dismissed under instruction.

The objective of this paper is to examine what are the methods used by Mexican drug cartels to recruit migrant smugglers and which are the activities carried by former migrant smugglers in these organizations. A qualitative methodology was used, consistent in the realization, between 2011 and 2015, of interviews with 107 migrant smugglers (105 men and 2 women). This paper concludes that after 2013, there has been an increase of recruitment of migrant smugglers by drug cartels without coercion, and that the activities carried out by them are increasingly violent.

In theory, public financing aimed at encouraging business innovation is justified, but in practice controversy exists over the evaluation of impacts derived from the use of these resources. The aim of this paper is to analyze the additionality generated by micro- and small enterprises benefiting from public financing for innovation. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied, and a descriptive analysis of the input additionality, performance and results variables was made. The conclusions show that in half of the sample there is evidence of additionality in funding, whose more visible result is the generation of new products and processes, and the effects on performance are the most significant. Although the sample size and the type of analysis limit the generalization of findings, the evidence presented here of the impact of public financing on innovation in developing economies is relevant because of the scarcity of papers on the subject.

In this paper the organizational characteristics of the Argentinian National Autonomist Party, between 1862 and 1916, were analyzed, with the main focus on the rivalry between its territorial factions and on the political use of state resources. This period was reconstructed from a historical-political approach, and it was found that the result of the rivalry between factions was the development of national-level state institutions, but, at the same time, the use of these resources to win allegiance and adherence from local factions led to a weak institutionalization of the party. After discussing the main theories on political parties, a contribution of this paper is the conceptualization of the party as a “factional state party”.

The impact of irrational human practices on the environment makes it indispensable to implement measures, such as the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve, in order to preserve the natural environment and habitats, and thus to promote biological diversity. The aim of this paper was to determine the local economic support through valuation of the vaquita porpoise, an endangered endemic species that lives in the reserve, as well as to disseminate the analytic network process, a valuation methodology little used in the environmental issue and which appropriately integrates interrelations into a systemic scheme. The result showed that for the purpose of giving protection to the species, resources additional to the little more than two million seven hundred and fifty thousand American dollars a year, which is the vaquita porpoise’s value, are needed. In carrying out this study, more comprehensive data concerning productive activities in the area, socio-economic implications of fishing and its impact on biological diversity were not available. This paper’s originality and value lie in the methodology used and the interrelation it offers for analysis.

In the process of assessing public policies, it is necessary to use a methodology that adequately guides data acquisition. This paper aims to guide researchers in the type of methodology that should be used in a research study on public policies. In order to explore the different methodological perspectives to study public policies, this paper focuses both on a qualitative research approach and on document tracking and analysis. The findings show that methodologies for conducting studies on public policies, which guide the research process, fall into three categories: qualitative, quantitative and integrative methodologies. Public policies can be assessed using two approaches, and studies can be conducted either during or after policy implementation. However, these two methodologies do not exhaust the explanation and objective evaluation of these policies; therefore, it is paramount to use a mixed approach.

This paper aims to analyze the application either of the subjective regime or the objective regime by the State Council against cases of unlawful deprivation of freedoms addressed when holding the State liable. To this end the judgments by this high court between the years 2013-2016 will be analyzed. A situation that is intended to unravel in the jurisprudence of this High Court in the time range between the years 2013 to 2016. A qualitative explanatory research method was applied. This paper intends to offer the reader a clear and forceful explanation about the legal regime used in this matter.

‘Civic innovation is about focusing on what is positive, creative and imaginative in the face of a world that seems beset by crisis narratives’ (Biekart, Harcourt, Knorringa, 2016: 3). In exploring the term civic innovation, as it is used in Development Studies, ‘we are not looking for a new theory and practice that will lead to a grand transformation of neoliberal capitalism but rather at how to build a mosaic of responses by looking at what is happening on the ground where people are living the contradictions of development. It is argued that we need to question pre-determined ideas of what measures to take and go beyond universal policy solutions, in order to look with openness at the actions on the ground’ (Ibid.). In that sense, civic innovation can be perceived as the ‘political sister’ of social innovation as it directly assesses dominant power relations. The paper explores a different and trans-disciplinary approach to researching change: by descending from the academic ivory tower, respecting and deploying multiple knowledges for civic innovation, as well as approaching change with the ideas and tools of Participatory Action Research. Examples from knowledge dialogues with Central American social movements are used to explore this methodology further, including the downsides and the dilemmas. The paper concludes that carefully planned dialogues, reflexivity of facilitators, and awareness about potential power issues are probably key features of a knowledge generation process that may embody progressive social change.

In this paper, we discuss the rapport between education and the difficulties of construction of civil forms of coexistence between strangers in the contemporary world. The theoretical research is based on texts by Richard Sennett and Zygmunt Bauman about the crisis in public realm. The objectives are to answer the following questions: (a) How is the crisis in public realm on twentieth and twenty-first centuries? (b) What are its social consequences? (c) Are there alternatives to that crisis, in which education - especially formal elementary education - can participate? How can we do it? A look at reality shows that education tends to have private purposes, but the school can also be a way to overcoming this crisis, as we discuss in this paper.

This paper seeks to outline a methodological approach that can be used in order to help understand such movements, and more fundamentally, the role of community in Social Innovation (SI). The article offers an overview of Participative Action Research (PAR), and outlines its strengths and weaknesses in studying community-based social innovation, in this case the Transition movement. PAR is not an ‘off the shelf’ kit, or a ‘conforming of methodological standards’, but rather a series of approaches that ought to inform the research. The paper argues that these approaches, rather than techniques, are essential to get right if the intangible, granular, and incidental-but-fundamental aspects of community are to be grasped by researchers. Given the small-scale nature of community low carbon transitions a granular analysis is preferred to a more surface, superficial overview of such processes. Qualitative research is preferred to quantitative aggregation of initiatives, due to the need to understand the everyday, more phenomenological aspects of community, and the specific tacit relations and subjectivities enacted through their capacity to cut carbon.

This article shows the main results of archeology and rescueof historical and scientific documents of the General Maritime Directorate (DIMAR),available on paper at its Centersfor Oceanographic and Hydrographic Research from Pacific (CCCP) and Caribbean (CIOH),applying best practices recommended by the General Archive of the Nation (AGN), the Colombian Digital Library (BDCOL), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO-IOC) program for International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE), under the DIMAR investment project "Strategic Positioning of the Colombian Oceanographic Data Center (Cecoldo)". 1300 bookswere recovered on operational oceanography, marine environmental protection, integrated management of coastal zones,and hydrographyissues of the period 1970-2013. The historical paper files were processed and prepared for transfer to the DIMARCentral Archive, and the digital fileswere cataloged in the Digital RepositoryofCecoldo under the Dublin Core standard, thereby facilitating community access to historical information on studies and projects developed marine scientific research in Colombia.

In recent years, the number of minor migrants, both accompanied and unaccompanied, arriving in European countries increased significantly. The impact of newcomers on the school systems of various European countries has highlighted problems in education continuity and in the accomplishment of educational goals. Relying on the preliminary data from the Erasmus+ KA2 project “Continugee” in Italy and Greece, this paper analyses the current policies and practices used in refugee children education. In addition to policy analysis, interviews with families, teachers and professionals operating in migrant shelters and schools were conducted, aimed to address both institutional and relational dimensions of schooling and to point out good practices in educational incorporation of refugee youth. Research shows that – notwithstanding a common concern throughout Europe, national and local regulations, and local practices do affect their access to quality education. Age limits, gender gaps, location of shelters, lack of adequate institutional educational facilities and of professional training make effective educational placement and continuity difficult. Schools have a very different level of effectiveness and European policy innovation is often jeopardized by lack of resources and staff motivation. Recognition of qualifications and skills, a supported participation into mainstream education, and a participatory approach with families and guardians are essential for effective school integration. Keywords: refugee, minors, education, training, policy, European

The aim of this paper is to estimate using monthly data the influence of the Mexican Stock Market in the nominal Exchange Rate from 1993 to 2022. We conducted an Exploratory Data Analysis to identify the most important correlations of the following monetary variables: 28-day Mexican Debt bills/ (T-Bill), interest rates, inflation, and Stock Exchange Market both from Mexico and from the USA respectively. We then resorted to a VAR model to indentify which of these variables determined changes in Mexico´s nominal Exchange Rate more significantly. During the period in question the model showed, that Exchange Rate variations were driven by the Mexican Stock Exchange Market, the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the US Treasury Bills. The model also pointed out that variations in Mexican Stock Market were determined by the Mexican Stock Market itself, the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the US Treasury Bills (T-Bills).

Traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death in Mexico, the collisions are caused mostly due to human error, therefore attempts have been made to reduce these shortcomings with driver assistance systems. This paper presents a study conducted to explore the capabilities of a Generative Adversarial Network in terms of application in lane detection on a highway, it is proposed to use a metric known as Dice index which measures the similarity between images and a pre-processing method based on color spaces, as well as a technique called Superpixels which is based on clustering. Finally, the results are compared with a neural network called LaneNet developed for the TuSimple database. The results obtained from this methodology needs to be optimized with future work, however, it opens the door to possible research with this type of network.

This special issue publishes a collection of seven original research papers and one research note on tourism and art in its multiple forms and intersections. To reflect on the association between tourism and arts is to acknowledge that these two fields have converged since the embryonic forms of tourism. Even before the organisation of the tourism industry as we know it nowadays, travellers visited destinations in search of art in its multiple shapes. This activity has evolved into cultural tourism and its ever-expanding sub-niches: literary tourism, religious tourism, heritage tourism, food and wine tourism, and street art tourism, among others, that human creativity and tourism stakeholders have fashioned. Curiosity and the desire to learn and understand are fundamental elements of human nature, and tourism has organised access to art as a strategy to meet visitors' needs and expectations and to take art as a place-changing phenomenon.

This paper focuses on income-related health inequalities amid COVID‑19 in Greece. The prolonged crisis and the pandemic have exacerbated the socioeconomic risks in the country. A major implication is the sharp decline in incomes, which has worsened the health status and the access and use of healthcare, especially among low and middle income individuals. We analyze the theoretical background on health inequalities and describe the dual shock to Greek society, both with the ongoing fiscal consolidation and the COVID-19 pandemic. By utilizing EU-SILC data through alternative techniques, we offer empirical estimates of the extent of health inequalities ranked by incomes. The empirical findings indicate a certain increase in income-based health inequalities over a critical period for Greece’s population.

The current situation shows the importance of the insertion of society in the relationship between the State and the private sector, with the objective of collaboration to improve government programs. Shared Governance is one of the great challenges that the Italian government is currently facing to avoid the crises of governance (society) and governability (negotiation with opposition and work with the public administration), in particular after the decision of the new government (September 2022) to extinguish the Reform of the Public Administration - National Recovery and Resilience Plan - PNRR, and also the largest social participation initiative in Italy, the Tuscany Regional Policy for Social Participation - TRPP. This article recuperates the good points of PNRR and TRPP and another case study in Emilia-Romagna region. Offering a new perspective to the existing literature, this paper share the “famous” model for the Public Administration, the New Public Service (NPS), created to spread the idea that public service is seen as an extension of citizenship, and therefore both government and citizens need to abandon short-term interests and imitation of the competition of private sector of the New Public Management (NPM), assuming collaborative roles in building an educated and mature civil society. Based in a literature review on the NPS model, Knowledge Management - KM, Governmental Intelligence -OI and Cultural Intelligence -CI, the article presents a theoretical model of CI, OI and Social Participation – SP (CIGISP) to improve the effectiveness of public policies. This work concludes that CIGISP model is useful to identify how the learning by comparison with other values, believes and assumptions (CI) and use of GI Practices leads to a better quality of social participation.

This paper engages with current societal identity debates related to select postcolonial southern African circles, whose European origins can partially be traced back to the creation of the colonial photography genre. The contemporary visualisation of non-white Africans in the European landscape is linked to a genre that was born in the times of High Imperialism. As a child of its time, colonial photography laid the foundation for both racist and racial depiction patterns of certain African peoples and what their supposed traits and looks were from the coloniser’s point of view, thereby creating seeing patterns. Until today, social debates and political movements are linked to the visualisation of non-white peoples. This project is about the historical muting of sub-Saharan Africa through stereotypical images and its links to the shaping and maintenance of postcolonial identity debates concerning racialised visualisation traditions in Europe. This repetitive visual blinding is another form of colonial aggression by constantly perpetuating certain image(rie)s and thereby facilitating colonial mentalities. Examples presented below show how far-reaching the colonial photographic stereotypes are by not limiting the scope of seeing traditions to photographs. Instead, other areas of visible everyday spaces like street names, monuments, statues, lawsuits or book covers are included.

This paper discusses the commissions to verify the ethnic-racial condition of public tenders at the Federal University of Santa Maria. The methodological procedures include the analysis of Law 12.990/2014 (20% reservation of vacancies in public tenders for/black women), of Normative Ordinance 04/2018. Data from public tenders for teachers and administrative technicians from 2016 to 2019 are analyzed, with the respective nomination of black men. In theoretical terms, the article is based on the perspectivesof Rawls (1997; 2011), Fraser (2001) and Young (2006), on recognition, justice, affirmative and reparatory policies; and Piovesan (2008), Haas and Linhares (2012), Silva and Silva (2014) and Mello and Resende (2019), about the low presence of black women and men in the federal public service. The data indicate that, in the analyzed period, involving public notices for the provision of vacancies to the teaching profession (three in higher education and one in basic education), 4 black professors were appointed and, from the TAE's public notices, 47 high school and higher education professionals . The publication of joint notices and the procedures of the Commission, with contributions in the formulation of the notices, created conditions for the fulfillment of the reserve of 20% of vacancies.

El presente trabajo trata una problemática importante desde el punto de vista de la genética de la humana, la neuro biología y la neurociencia social. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar factores neuro genéticos de la conducta en estudiantes de la Facultad de Humanidades del C.R.U. de Coclé. Además, de una revisión bibliográfica sobre información relevante, se explora la conducta, mediante un cuestionario n dimensional, de los estudiantes que tienen como compañeros a pacientes con cáncer. Se concluye que es necesario la intervención de personal de las áreas de psicología, biología, genética y sociología para trabajar los elementos de la comunicación e interacción con personas con cáncer en el Centro Regional. Palabras clave: Neuro genética, Neurobiología, neurociencia, comprensión, cáncer, reingeniería social. ABSTRACT This paper deals with an important problem from the point of view of human genetics, neurobiology, and social neuroscience. The aim of this study was to analyze neurogenetic factors of behavior in students of the Faculty of Humanities of the C.R.U. from Cocle. In addition, from a bibliographical review on relevant information, the behavior is explored, through an n-dimensional questionnaire, of students who have cancer patients as classmates. It is concluded that the intervention of personnel from the areas of psychology, biology, genetics, and sociology is necessary to work on the elements of communication and interaction with people with cancer in the Regional Center. Keywords: Neuro genetics, Neurobiology, neuroscience, understanding, cancer, social reengineering.

Gaming has been an activity that has accompanied human beings throughout their lives, it is fundamental in the evolutionary process, and an essential element in the integral development of children, providing them with unlimited potential for meaningful experience through play, where they, create, curiosity, think, and interact with their environment. Gamification is one of the educational techniques that increase motivation and engagement, taking into account learners today grew up with digital technologies and require new learning styles according to their interests and needs as digital natives. After several years of studies analysing successful games that engage people and motivate them to keep playing, Chou (2014) created the Octalysis model and represented it in an octagon and presents the 8 main drivers of motivation. This paper shows a theoretical review of gamification and its differences with game-based learning and the octalysis framework as the technique that uses game elements and game design in non-game contexts focused on Behavioural design since it activates the motivation to take action to achieve the goals established. Keywords: English foreign language, gamification, octalysis framework. RESUMEN La gamificación ha sido una actividad que ha acompañado al ser humano a lo largo de su vida, es fundamental en el proceso evolutivo, y un elemento esencial en el desarrollo integral de los niños, proporcionándoles un potencial ilimitado de experiencias significativas a través del juego, donde ellos, crean, curiosean, piensan, e interactúan con su entorno. La gamificación es una de las técnicas educativas que aumentan la motivación y el compromiso, teniendo en cuenta que los alumnos de hoy crecieron con las tecnologías digitales y requieren nuevos estilos de aprendizaje de acuerdo a sus intereses y necesidades como nativos digitales. Tras varios años de estudios analizando juegos de éxito que enganchan a las personas y las motivan a seguir jugando, Chou (2014) creó el modelo Octalysis y lo representó en un octágono y presenta los 8 principales impulsores de la motivación. Este trabajo muestra una revisión teórica de la gamificación y sus diferencias con el aprendizaje basado en juegos y el marco del octalysis como la técnica que utiliza elementos de juego y diseño de juegos en contextos no lúdicos enfocados al diseño del comportamiento ya que activa la motivación para pasar a la acción para conseguir los objetivos establecidos. Palabras clave: Inglés como lengua extranjera, gamificación, octalysis framework.

This paper applies the concept of inequality regime, in the tradition of the Regulation School, to the analysis of the patterns and drivers of socioeconomic inequality in Portugal in the last few decades. Key empirical patterns are identified with respect to income inequality, top and bottom incomes, wealth inequality, monetary poverty and non-commodified provision of basic goods. We then discuss several underlying processes and mechanisms, namely the capital-labour relation, classification struggles, financialisation, redistribution, and welfare, to account for the identified empirical patterns. We conclude that Portugal’s inequality regime is remarkably contradictory and argue that the country’s success in curbing most measures of inequality in recent times is especially vulnerable to a variety of pressures.

Digital Platform Work (DPW) is part of a new phase of capitalism, in which monopolistic digital platforms use algorithms to mediate labour supply and demand. As DPW grows, the share of atypical workers in the labour market increases and European Union states are pressed to regulate it, but the strategies adopted are different. This is the case with the regulation of DPW in the passenger transport sector approved by the governments of Portugal and Spain. This paper makes a comparative analysis of these case studies based on parliamentary debates and media reports. We argue that the centre-left parties which led the governments in both countries, adopted a distinct regulation strategy because they each have specific conceptions of solidarity.

This paper starts from the premise that interrogative structures have significant impact on verbal behaviour and human behaviour, in general. Our analysis of this particular type of discourse is based on the assertions of E. Benveniste, according to whom interrogation is one of the fundamental speech acts of interhuman behaviour, alongside of assertion and imperative structures.

This paper aims to comparatively present the means of expressing intensity in Romanian and Spanish from a predominantly synchronic perspective, without neglecting the importance of the diachronic study of language facts and the etymological clarifications, where needed. We have chosen to discuss only one aspect of the complex act of evaluation, more specifically, the means of rendering highest and lowest intensity, because of the complexity of this phenomenon which constantly expands its linguistic encoding forms.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the transformations in the frameworks of reflection and action that promoted territorial documentation policies, developed in coordination between the National Direction of Migration and the provincial and municipal governments in the southern area of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Based on an ethnographic approach to the activities of a local office, the Dirección de Entidades y Colectividades de La Plata, and interviews with its main managers, we focus on the interrelation between documentation policies and the visibility (and production) of the electoral potential of foreigners that crystallized during the implementation of these programs. Unlike the literature that focuses on the analysis of the intentions (explicit or implicit) of the laws and projects, and on the difficulties encountered in achieving the purposes stated in them, the originality of the article is given by its monitoring of positions, relationships, languages, and objects that were produced (to some extent unexpectedly) during their implementation. This strategy reveals that the documentary programs and the officials who carry them out have gradually become part of the networks of the so-called territorial policy, in which the relevance assigned to foreigners has increased. The fundamental shift in this dynamic is the progressive recognition of its electoral potential and the conceptualization of the migration issue as an area of strategic dispute for local and provincial political life. Thus, the main conclusion is that throughout the implementation of these programs, migration policy became politicized; that is, it acquired a “political” status in the consideration of different relevant actors. This recognition lasted even after document operations were discontinued in 2016 and was part of their reinstatement in 2019.

Este trabajo propone una estrategia, denominada como Modelo de Redes Sociales Cognitivas (MRSC), para recolectar datos relacionales a partir de informantes-clave. Ofrecemos una solución para la doble problemática de, por un lado, definir los límites de una red de interaciones y, por el otro, recolectar datos de una red completa basada en la percepción de informantes que son observadores privilegiados del proceso social en estudio. El proyecto fue implementado para diagnosticar la dinámica de las relaciones comunitarias en comunidades de pesquerías tradicionales, por encomienda de un proyecto de investigación-acción (PESCARTE), en el campo de la educación ambiental, en el litoral del estado de Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). La propuesta combina técnicas de recolección de datos de redes personales y de redes completas. Los instrumentos elaborados para la recogida de datos y los procedimientos utilizados para validar la estrategia son detallados. Artículo financiado por el Proyecto de Educación Ambiental (PEA) PESCARTE, iniciativa de mitigación exigida por la Licencia Federal Ambiental conducida por el Instituto Brasilero del Medio Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables (IBAMA). This paper proposes a strategy, named as Model of Social Cognitive Networks, for collecting relational data from key informants. We offer a solution to the double problem of, on the one hand, defining the boundary of a network of interactions, and on the other hand, collecting data from a complete network based on the perception of informants who are privileged observers of the social process under study. The design was implemented as part of a diagnostic on the dynamics of community relations in traditional fishing communities, in the service of a research-action project (PESCARTE), in the field of environmental education, on the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The proposal combines techniques for collecting data from personal networks and complete networks. The instruments elaborated for data collection and the procedures used to validate the strategy are detailed. Article financed by the Environmental Education Project (PEA) PESCARTE, a mitigation initiative required by the Federal Environmental License conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA).

El sinhogarismo constituye una forma extrema de exclusión social que, aunque presente de manera universal en el seno de las sociedades contemporáneas, ha tendido a ser invisibilizada. Esta falta de visibilidad quedó de nuevo en evidencia ante las medidas puestas en marcha para hacer frente a la COVID-19. Aunque desde el inicio de la situación de emergencia sanitaria surgieron diferentes investigaciones que profundizaban en el impacto de la COVID-19 sobre la población española, son escasas las propuestas que se han dedicado a analizar el impacto específico de la pandemia entre las personas en situación de sinhogarismo. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar las experiencias vividas por las personas en situación de sinhogarismo durante el confinamiento y pandemia, profundizando en el impacto específico que la crisis de la COVID-19 ha tenido en la realidad de esta ciudadanía. La investigación parte de un diseño metodológico mixto mediante el uso de la encuesta a través de cuestionario y la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada. Por un lado, el cuestionario ha sido administrado a una muestra de 641 personas en situación “sin hogar”. Por otro lado, 18 personas en situación de sinhogarismo han participado en las entrevistas. Los resultados confirman que el lugar en el que pasaron el confinamiento resulta fundamental para entender las experiencias de las personas participantes. Además, se apunta que las experiencias negativas vividas por las personas en situación de sinhogarismo fueron consecuencia de las medidas desarrolladas para hacer frente a la pandemia y evitar los contagios, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el cierre de servicios donde atendían a sus necesidades básicas. Esto es especialmente significativo considerando las transformaciones que las respuestas a la emergencia sanitaria han impuesto en algunas dimensiones de sus vidas. Asimismo, los resultados permiten concluir que las desigualdades sociales preexistentes han tenido un papel central en el impacto de la pandemia en la ciudadanía, con consecuencias especialmente severas para las personas afectadas por la exclusión social extrema. Homelessness is an extreme form of social exclusion which, although universally present in contemporary societies, has tended to be invisible. This lack of visibility has once again been highlighted by the measures put in place to tackle COVID-19. Although since the onset of the health emergency there have been various research studies that have examined the impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish population, few proposals have been devoted to analysing the specific impact of the pandemic on homeless people. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to analyse the experiences of homeless people during the confinement and pandemic, delving into the specific impact that the COVID-19 crisis has had on the reality of these citizens. The research is based on a mixed methodological design using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured in-depth interview. On the one hand, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 641 homeless people. On the other hand, 18 homeless people participated in the interviews. The results confirm that the place where they were confined is fundamental to understanding the experiences of the participants. Furthermore, it is noted that the negative experiences of homeless people were a consequence of the measures put in place to cope with the pandemic and prevent contagion, especially those related to the closure of services where their basic needs were met. This is especially significant considering the transformations that the responses to the health emergency have imposed on some dimensions of their lives. The results also allow us to conclude that pre-existing social inequalities have played a significant role in the impact of the pandemic on citizens, with particularly severe consequences for people affected by extreme social exclusion.

Given the relation between language and culture, the incorporation of local culture topics in the EFL classroom can serve as a means of fostering greater comfort among students when speaking in public. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a closer look at EFL learners’ speaking performance by introducing local culture topics to speaking assignments in class. This paper reports the findings of a mixed methods study on the effect of local culture topics on speaking skills and motivation of a group of students at a high school in Cuenca, Ecuador. Quantitative data was collected through a pre-test and post-test based on the Attitude Motivation Test Battery (Gardner, 1985). Qualitative data was gathered through speaking rubrics, class observations, student questionnaires and teacher interviews to gauge students’ level of comfort during speaking activities and their perceptions on the incorporation of local culture as a focal point. While the quantitative results showed no statistical differences between the students’ pre and post motivation scores, classroom observations showed increases in their oral production and appreciation for local culture topics. Further research with a longer period of intervention time is recommended. Keywords: Local culture, anxiety, motivation, speaking skills. RESUMEN Dada la relación entre el lenguaje y la cultura, la incorporación de temas de cultura local en el aula de inglés como lengua extranjera pueden servir como herramienta para fomentar mayor comodidad entre los estudiantes al momento de hablar en público. Este artículo reporta los resultados de un estudio de métodos mixtos sobre el efecto de temas de cultura local en destrezas orales y motivación de un grupo de estudiantes en un colegio secundario en Cuenca, Ecuador. Los datos cuantitativos fueron obtenidos a través de un pre y post-test basado en la prueba de actitud y motivación de Gardner (1985). Los datos cualitativos fueron obtenidos mediante rúbricas, observaciones en clase, cuestionarios a estudiantes y entrevistas a profesores. Si bien los resultados cuantitativos no mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas con relación a los puntajes del pre y el post-test de motivación, las observaciones de clase mostraron un incremento en la producción verbal de los estudiantes y su apreciación por temas locales. Se recomienda para futuras investigaciones una mayor cantidad de tiempo de intervención. Palabras clave: Cultura local, ansiedad, actitud, motivación, destrezas orales.

En el trabajo se propone un sistema de transferencia de tecnología para países latinoamericanos partiendo del modelo latinoamericano de trasferencia de tecnología y la información digital obtenida. Se utilizan métodos teóricos teniendo en cuenta el análisis de información cualitativa, los datos cuantitativos se precisan desde el número de documentos específicos de acceso digital. El modelo latinoamericano de trasferencia de tecnología evidencia la necesidad de establecer proyectos y oficinas de trasferencia de tecnologías a lo cual se agrega una vigilancia de los resultados transferidos. Se confirmó que las Instituciones de Educación Superior necesitan observatorios de vigilancia tecnológica para evaluar los cambios, tendencias y posibles trasformaciones en la puesta en práctica de los procesos y sistemas de transferencia de tecnologías. En conclusión, los países Latinoamericanos podrían desarrollar nuevos modelos o sistemas de transferencia de tecnologías enfatizando cambios en el sistema de relaciones entre los elementos claves en particular la Universidad y el sector empresarial e incluir las oficinas de transferencia de tecnologías como ente articulador entre ambos. Palabras clave: Modelos, transferencia, tecnología, empresa, universidades. ABSTRACT The paper proposes a technology transfer system for Latin American countries based on the Latin American model of technology transfer and the digital information obtained. Theoretical methods are used taking into account the analysis of qualitative information, quantitative data is required from the number of specific digital access documents. The Latin American model of technology transfer shows the need to establish technology transfer projects and offices, to which is added a monitoring of the transferred results. It was confirmed that Higher Education Institutions need technological surveillance observatories to evaluate changes, trends and possible transformations in the implementation of technology transfer processes and systems. In conclusion, Latin American countries could develop new models or systems of technology transfer emphasizing changes in the relationship system between the key elements, in particular the University and the business sector, and include the technology transfer offices as an articulating entity between the two. Keywords: Models, transfer, technology, company, universities.

This paper is organized into four parts of discussion. Firstly, we present the Portuguese decriminalization law and the central role of harm reduction within this framework. The second section discusses the mainstream meanings ascribed to the ‘HR double’ mainly anchored in problematic drug uses. The third section highlights the need to take into account the specificities of recreational drug uses, users and environments. Thus, the paper highlights the experience of the Kosmicare Project at the Boom Festival, which combines principles of harm reduction, crisis intervention and Grof’s approach. The fourth section draws upon the project’s experience itself and in the idea of the normalization of drug uses to acknowledge and to discuss the potentialities, tensions and limitations of these contributions when it comes to analyzing and constructing a strong version of the ‘HR double’.

This paper reviews the role of discourse in law and public life and identifies threats to the polity from malicious forms of communication. In addition to its role in legal argument, communication is fundamental to public debate in the formation of laws and policies, and it constitutes the social and political fabric through the use of forms of address and recognition of others. This argument builds on aspects of discourse theory and feminist and other critiques of it that suggest that it applies to a narrow community of discourse, and so excludes other cultures. It takes a broad view of participants in public debate, which necessarily crosses national and cultural borders. Responsible communication demands that we argue in good faith, truthfully and coherently, and that we recognize our partners in discussion, both for who they are and for their place in a shared community. The paper argues that public discourse has sunk to dangerous levels in the present century, citing examples of bad faith, provocation and insult from Australian prime ministers (2002, 2015) and presidential candidates in France (2005) and the United States (2016). It concludes that lying, incoherence, self-contradiction, insult and injury fall outside the bounds of public discourse. Rapid communicative intervention is needed to identify each of these malicious forms of communication as a betrayal of the civic public, before it provokes the next vicious response.

En el siguiente artículo se aborda el estudio de la sostenibilidad en los contextos urbanos y se expone la metodología seguida para aproximarse al caso concreto de La Habana. Además, contando con las voces de informantes urbanos claves en la materia, se realiza un diagnóstico plural que implica la revisión de la viabilidad ecológica y la justicia social y de género del modelo urbano. También se esbozan propuestas teóricas y políticas desde un enfoque socioecosistémico. Por último, se exponen algunas conclusiones en relación a las fortalezas y debilidades que presenta la ciudad para caminar por la senda de la sostenibilidad entendida en un sentido complejo. This paper addresses the study of the sustainability in urban contexts and presents the methodology used to approach the specific case of Havana at the same time that reviews the ecological viability and social and gender justice of the urban context, based on the voices of some key interviewees. The paper also outlines some theoretical and political proposals from a socioecosystemic approach and concludes drawing conclusions on the strengths and weaknesses that the city presents to tread the road to sustainability, understood in a complex sense.

This paper seeks to analyze the role played by governance on the expansion process of sugarcane on TMAP. In order to achieve this goal, quantitative data were collected to illustrate which agricultural activities were substituted by cane. Next, qualitative data was obtained by interviews with rural producers and representatives from sugar mills and rural producer associations, seeking to validate the hypotheses raised on this paper. In conclusion, the data evinced that economic problems in other preexisting activities (soybeans and cattle) helped sugarcane to gain area, since land owners were looking for another income source. It was evident that the customized contracts made available by mills also played an important role, since they fit different land owners profiles.

This paper aims to travel historically through the path of consolidation on the Scientific Psychology. Starting from de Cartesian system when Modern Age began, we can observe the establishment of modern regulations, which later were radicalized by the Sciences, including Psychology, by establishing a disciplinarian character in their praxis. Through this paper, the scientific objectivity for the operationalization of the scientific psychology and its ethical-political implications arediscussed, seeking to understand how Psychology designed the subjectivity looking for scientific legitimacy and the implications of this tendency in contemporary subjectivity. As a result, the contemporary times reveal a psychological science still limited to an outdated scientific project, which limits its possibilities of intervention to a materiality of practices and results, and causes the object that it investigates to become a product of this same science.

This article considers the possibility of a new educational environment in which teachers can embrace the teaching strategies that incorporate the use of Media, Information and Communications Technologies (MICT), such as Web 2.0 tools, in order to design learning environments satisfactory for the generation and sharing of knowledge. This paper analyzes the requirement of teacher training focused on the innovation and experimentation with ICTs and reflects on the use of these technologies, favoring the development and acquisition of different ICT skills which will allow teachers to use the tools and services stemming from Web 2.0, which in turn will transform into another teaching mechanism. The paper concludes with a general overview of the convenience and necessity of implementing these communication and information technologies for effective inclusion into the knowledge society.

Coexistence is a fundamental for the exercise of the rights and duties of citizens and its preservation depends largely on the governance of public safety but the crime prosecution at the head of the police force is inadequate because it just moves the crime but does not eliminate its causes nor restore the damage caused to the victims. Thus, this paper describes different strategies to counteract the crime, their contradictions and also suggests an interagency work like a practice of experimental innovation in order to counteract the perception of insecurity. Finally this paper displays the benefits of data collection and analysis to support not only the police work but also to establish baselines for future public policy, as well as building scenarios with confidence and institutional credibility at the municipal level under the expectation of a post-conflict in Colombia.

This paper describes elements of automobile culture, a topic that has hardly been studied at all in research on transport and urban culture. Based on Colombian cases, the paper shows how the practices, beliefs, values and emotions associated with automobiles have transcended the universe of cars, to the point that many of the cultural changes in cities were related to automobilities. The argument is developed through a discussion of the role of autonomy, the notion of the driver personality and the automobility system’s own socio-material hierarchies. The research is based on the review and analysis of press items and statistical bulletins from the period of 1950-1968 referring to the cases of Bogota and Barranquilla.

The general objective of this paper is to analyze and explain the paradox of why objective knowledge based upon “facts and hard data” has been insufficient to forge a narrative, particularly in the U.S. side, that would lead towards a deeper cooperation and make the U.S.-Mexico border more fluid, functional and integrated. The main question is: why the “re-territorialization” narrative of reinforcing differences and solidifying the border has prevailed? The theoretical framework that guides this analysis is the Aristotelian concept of “phronesis” or “practical wisdom” to settle beliefs that cannot be reached through an objective scientific rationality. The issue of power is of great interest in this analysis; particularly, the paper explores the relationship between knowledge and communications power as explanatory factors to understand the forging of a narrative of reinforcing borders. The conclusion is that the military-surveillance industrial complex has been the most influential actor behind the kind of knowledge that shape border policy compared to academic and scientific knowledge.

Aiming to cooperate with the management of Vértices, academic journal published by Essentia (Instituto Federal Fluminense), this study analyzes the production of original scientific papers in the period 1997-2012. The article is based on the study made by Francisco (2011) on the journal RAE-Eletrônica. Following this methodology, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative exploratory study of 250 scientific papers distributed, in 14 volumes available on the journal website. Results show that the journal has increased its national visibility, 41% of the articles are in the field of Humanities, and two-thirds of the authors do not work for the same institution of the publishers. This indicates the acceptable endogenous value of the journal. In addition, Besides, the period of publications investigated for this study (2010, 2011 e 2012) shows that Vértices has increased the number of publications dealing with socio-environmental, socioeconomic and political issues related to the various regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

In this paper the authors analyze Brazilians’ and Paraguayans’ presence in the process of recent colonization in the municipality of Santa Rita, Department of Alto Paraná, Oriental region of the Republic of Paraguay, initiated in the 1970’s. The objective of the paper is to contribute to the understanding of the social relations among migrants (foreign and national) in that space of colonization. In order to achieve this, the authors establish methodological interfaces between the fields of History and Social Anthropology, conjugating bibliographical, documentary and ethnographic research for a reflection on the historical situation observed in the region

This paper offers reflections about elements that affect women’s decisions about reproduction and abortion. It contributes to debates about policies, activist campaigns and the Bolivian Penal Code, in a context where inequalities and gender-based violence challenge the efficacy of technologies and laws to guarantee women’s ability to exercise the right to choose. The authors analyze women’s narratives about their experiences in two studies carried out in La Paz and El Alto, and consider different interpretations of men’s participation and approaches from the field of masculinities. The paper examines diverse situations relating to abortion that illustrate the complexity faced by women deciding on reproductive matters, alone or with the participation of partners and others.

Why groups are formed for acting on heritage protection and enhancement of a space? What are the motivations of the people involved in these processes? From these questions, the paper propose a reflection on the functions of the emotions felt and expressed by individuals as part of its mobilization for heritage protection and enhancement of neighborhoods in Santiago de Chile. Practices and claims that aim to stop the destruction of part of these neighborhoods product of multiplication of real estate projects that occur in the city since the 2000s. The article is based on field work conducted in 2014 with residents Matta Sur neighborhood, in the municipality of Santiago Centro. Through interviews and field observations, this paper aims to identify the functions of emotions in the heritage mobilization.

This paper analyses the emergence and early development of the dietitian profession -currently known as nutritionist- in Argentina. It focuses on the projects by which this occupation was created -considering the way in which formative requisites and incumbencies were conceived-, the realization of those projects and the access to labor market by the first graduated dietitians. Furthermore, aided by the sociology of professions, this paper aims to understand some peculiarities linked to the creation and early development of this occupation: on the one hand, some aspects of its activities were subordinated to medicine and on the other, its access was restricted to women. In relation to those two characteristics, that the occupation of dietitian was the result of a physician’s project, while medicine was mainly a male occupation.

Diffusion of social innovations has become a key theme in social innovation research. In this paper I argue that the importance of power relations and opposition against social innovations should receive a more central position in this line of research. Using detours to the related fields of Science and Technology Studies and Transition Studies, the significance of (shifting) power relations in the diffusion of innovations is underlined. Through a historical case study on the institutionalisation/diffusion of women’s suffrage in the Netherlands (1883-1919) it is shown that power struggles and shifting power relations are also key for the successful diffusion of a social innovation. With this paper I aim to bring power and empowerment to the agenda of social innovation researchers.

After a short introduction to the phenomenon of literary tourism and an overview of literature and tourism in Albania, this paper offers a geocritical reading of three of Kadare’s works by analysing the literary representations of Gjirokastra and suggesting using fiction as a source of literary tourism to the writer’s hometown. The main methodology used is close reading of texts based on concepts introduced by Bertrand Westphal in his books on geocriticism. Hence, this paper is not just an informative piece of writing for its readers, but it also aims at encouraging such readers to turn into tourists and set off in search of glimpses of literary spaces – the streets and buildings inhabited by the characters in Kadare’s texts.

This paper addresses the importance of democratic management in the educational process based on the belief that collective participation contributes to the quality of education, and represents a possibility of advancement. The article is primarily a conceptual review, an, from this, it proposes a brief contextualization of the historical moment in which the democratic principle is established in the country. The paper discusses the importance of the manager's role in this process, as he/she creates the necessary conditions for democracy to take place in the school environment. The study closes by discussing the tools for effective democratic management in schools, point out the political-pedagogical project and the collective institutions as mechanisms for promoting emancipatory education - one able to prepare for critical and participatory citizenship.