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RESUMO Todo ser humano está vulnerável a presenciar e/ou viver um desastre, sendo ele ocasionado pelo homem ou pela força da natureza. Em consequência, os desastres requerem provisões emergenciais para auxiliar as pessoas, levando em consideração as diversas perdas ocorridas. Assim, torna-se importante compreender a logística humanitária de forma holística, assim como a gestão ambiental a ela associada. Este trabalho apresenta um panorama sobre as tendências relacionadas à logística humanitária sob a ótica sustentável, considerando assim aspectos econômicos, ambientais e ecológicos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as contribuições da logística humanitária e práticas green na proteção internacional ao meio ambiente, a fim de concretizá-lo como um direito humano. Nesse viés, para atingir os objetivos propostos e desenvolver a presente pesquisa, foi utilizado o método indutivo, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos científicos, e legislativa, com base nos instrumentos normativos internacionais relacionados ao meio ambiente, resiliência, combate à vulnerabilidades e desenvolvimento sustentável. Por conseguinte, confirmou-se a hipótese segundo a qual o desenvolvimento da logística humanitária na perspectiva sustentável e ambiental se mostra um meio eficiente de garantir a resiliência do meio ambiente saudável como um direito humano, de modo a contribuir para a concretização dos princípios e compromissos assumidos pelos países em diversos tratados e convenções internacionais. Palavras-chave: Logística Humanitária. Práticas Sustentáveis. Direito Ambiental Internacional. ABSTRACT Every human being is vulnerable to witness and/or experience a disaster, whether caused by man or nature. As a result, disasters require emergency provisions to assist people, taking into account the various losses that have occurred. Thus, it is important to understand humanitarian logistics holistically as well as its associated environmental management. This paper presents an overview of trends related to humanitarian logistics in a green perspective. This paper aims to analyze the contributions of humanitarian logistics and sustainable practices in guaranteeing and protecting the environment in order to realize it as a human right. In order to achieve the proposed objectives and develop this research, the inductive method was used, using bibliographic research in books, articles from scholarly journals, and also legislative sources, based on international treatiesand protocols related to the environment, resilience, combating vulnerabilities and sustainable development. Therefore, it was confirmed the hypothesis that the development of humanitarian logistics from a sustainable and environmental perspective is an efficient mean of ensuring the resilience of the healthy environment as a human right and also to realize the principles and commitments made by countries in international treaties and protocols on the preservation of the environment and natural resources. Keywords: Humanitarian logistics. Sustainable Practices. International Environmental Law.

Partiendo de la evidencia de que, en contextos de exclusión social, la prevalencia de violencia de género en la pareja se incrementa, hemos querido analizar las dinámicas de la relación entre estos dos fenómenos. Para ello, realizamos 16 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres supervivientes, que evidenciaron que la situación de exclusión podía ser tanto un factor desencadenante como un producto de dicha violencia. Aquí analizamos en detalle el primer recorrido e identificamos una serie de elementos que pueden favorecer la aparición de violencia. Los clasificamos en dos grandes grupos: por un lado, factores que condicionan el proceso de formación de pareja; por otro, factores que facilitan la aparición de violencia de género en una pareja ya constituida. Entre los primeros cabe señalar la existencia, en determinadas situaciones de exclusión, de unos modelos de masculinidad en los que la agresividad y la violencia cobran especial relevancia, así como la existencia de diferentes circunstancias que fuerzan a las mujeres a iniciar una relación y, de esta manera, las sitúan en un posición de espacial vulnerabilidad en ella. Entre los segundos cabe mencionar la ausencia de apoyos familiares y sociales, que incrementa la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres; los efectos de la acumulación de dificultades en distintas esferas; el abuso de drogas por parte del varón; y la presencia de un entorno que, en ocasiones, tiende a no censurar el recurso a la violencia de género. La novedad del análisis aquí realizado reside tanto en el recurso a la noción de exclusión social como en la importancia atribuida a las relaciones de poder de género a la hora de analizar la etiología de la violencia. Es decir, que el papel jugado por los factores antes mencionados se interpreta en todo momento a la luz del trasfondo estructural de relaciones desiguales de género en el que estos operan y en ausencia del cual su efecto sería necesariamente diferente. Based on evidence that, in situations of exclusion, the prevalence of gender-based intimate partner violence increases, this paper analyses the dynamics of the link between these circumstances. To this end, 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with women survivors. They revealed two different routes: being in a situation of exclusion could be a triggering factor or a result of such violence. In this paper a detailed analysis of the first route is provided and a series of elements that could be a triggering factor of violence are identified. These are categorised into two groups: on the one hand, factors that condition the process of formation of couples; on the other hand, factors that facilitate the emergence of gender-based intimate partner violence in an already established intimate relationship. Among the first should be noted: the presence, in certain situations of exclusion, of masculinity role models in which aggressiveness and violence gain special relevance; and the existence of diverse circumstances that force women to start a relationship and, in this way, put them in a position of increased vulnerability in it. Among the second should be noted: the lack of family and social support, that increases women´s powerlessness; the effects of the accumulation of difficulties in diverse spheres; the male abuse of drugs; and the presence of an environment which, sometimes, does not disapprove the use of gender-based intimate partner violence. The novelty of the analysis performed herein resides in its reference to the notion of social exclusion and in the importance attributed to gender power relations when analysing the aetiology of violence. In other words, at all times the role of the aforementioned factors is interpreted in the light of the structural background of unequal gender relations in which it operates and without which their effect would necessarily differ.

Resumo Este trabalho, apesar de não tratar diretamente com materiais orais, procura traçar princípios metodológicos para a documentação e análise da apropriação da lírica popular, de caráter eminentemente oral, nos chamados poetas cultos do Renascimento português. Para isso, a partir dos pressupostos de Frenk (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d), investigo não só o processo histórico de valorização da lírica popular como, também, algumas técnicas de apropriação dessa lírica pelos poetas cultos. Após isso, volto-me para o mote de origem popular Coifa de beirame/Namorou Joane, desenvolvido tanto por Camões quanto por Caminha, para enfocar a movência dos versos populares durante o período renascentista, que circulavam nos salões aristocráticos na pena e na voz de diferentes poetas. Por fim, volto-me para a relação oralidade/escrita, além de elencar outras formas de apropriação da lírica popular a partir da pesquisa de Romeralo (1969). Perpassa todo o trabalho, todavia, mesmo que indiretamente, o objetivo de contribuir com instrumentos metodológico-analíticos para a verificação dos vestígios da lírica popular e tradicional na poesia designada como culta. Além dos trabalhos de Frenk e Romeralo, são importantes referenciais teóricos do artigo as contribuições de Lemaire (1987, 1992) e Zumthor (1993, 2010). Palavras-chave: Lírica popular. Renascimento. Poesia culta. Oralidade. Escrita. Metodologia. Abstract In spite of not directly dealing with oral materials, this paper seeks to draw the methodological principles for documentation and analysis of popular lyric appropriation that by nature is oral, on the so called enlightened poets of the Portuguese Renaissance. To that end, beginning with the assumptions of Frenk (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d) I look into not only the historical process of popular lyric appreciation but also some techniques of appropriation of this lyric by the enlightened poets. After that, I turn to the originally popular theme Coifa de beirame/Namorou Joane, developed by Camões and by Caminha to focus on the moving of the popular verses during the Renaissance period, that moved around in the aristocratic saloons of the different poets’ feathers and voices. At last, I turn to the oral/written relation, as well as listing other forms of popular lyric appropriation from Romeraldo’s research (1969). Even not directly, all along this paper the aim to contribute with methodological-analytical tools to verify the traces of the popular and traditional lyric in the designated enlightened poetry. Besides Frenk and Romeraldo’s works, Lemaire (1987, 1992) and Zumthor (1993, 2010) contributions are important theoretical references in this paper. Keywords: Popular lyric. Renaissance. Enlightened Poetry. Orality. Writing. Methodology.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of the contribution of coaching in decision making, one of the most sought-after managerial skills in administrative management. Two perspectives are brought into dialogue in this paper. One from organizational coaching, a process leading to positive and lasting changes to pave the way for success in work teams. And the second one from managerial decisions, through the conscious development of skills and resources that allow linking emotions and reason, in the search for alternatives to choose the best option to undertake. This entails qualification of different aspects of the being, the knowing and the doing. While technical knowledge and skills associated to a position are necessary, it is essential to undertake new personal and professional experiences. Here, coaching is a valid option for paving the way for success. Therefore, it is highlighted that coaching effectively contributes, through a deep process of personal transformation, to decision-making, because when higher levels of awareness and internal connection are reached, the ability to fully evaluate situations is expanded, and more assertiveness to choose is achieved, resulting in superior outcomes.

In this paper, a bibliometric and documentary analysis of leadership, leadership styles and leadership methods of identification in companies over the last decade was carried out. To this end, a systematic review of scientific publications contained in Scopus databases between 2009 and 2019 was performed. The search engines of the National Library System of the National University of Colombia and Google Scholar were used to retrieve the publications. A total of 950 scientific papers were reviewed for the bibliometric analysis. As a result of this analysis, different leadership styles were identified, the number of which varied depending both on the author and on the identification method. The study concludes that the transformational leadership style prevails in the scientific literature. In addition, the analysis found that the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is the instrument that allows identifying in greater depth the leadership style characteristics.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the narratives about the inclusion-exclusion of university students with disabilities in the city of Temuco, Chile. Therefore, it was decided to reconstruct the university experience of young people through the biographical-narrative method as it offers insight to give meaning and understand the cognitive, affective and action aspects of students with disabilities. In the same way, for the purposes of this paper a discourse analysis model has been formulated based on the theoretical-methodological proposals proposed by Gilberto Giménez (1989) that guide the work with the corpus obtained for the present study. Consequently, the analysis of the corpus allows us to describe and highlight that each experience should not be treated as an expression of a unique thought, since disability is not a standard situation and each case enriches its very notion based on its particularities. Finally, the students who agreed to share their stories reinforce the importance for them of both family context, institutionalization and the role of friendships; same that acquire the role of thematic axes from which topics emerge, as well as implications around the inclusion-exclusion binomial.

Sadomasochism played an important role in Foucault’s reflection on power and sexuality; according to this perspective, some theorists highlighted the queer potential of BDSM: the ability to create a space for the experimentation of new relationalities. This vision certainly depicts some subversive aspects of BDSM culture, such as the figure of the dominatrix or the practice of gender reversal, but it sounds too anarchistic and one-sided since in the BDSM prevails a fascination for totalizing and coherent roles. This paper will argue that the queer nature of the master and slave relationship lies in its performative and ritual character: in its exaggerating scenes and costumes in a specific setting, and in its presenting power as a consensual game, based on empathy and mirroring effects. After this theoretical discussion, which will cover Lacan’s concept of masquerade as re-used by Linda Williams, the paper will analyze some of the few literary and artistic representations of BDSM devoid of stereotypes: especially some recurrent scenes in Robbe-Grillet’s production, which can be read in parallelism with his wife’s Catherine Robbe-Grillet’s activity as dominatrix.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of education cost, university image and quality of lecturers on student decisions to choose a college. To achieve the proposed goals, a model is applied that reflects the effect of education costs, university image and quality of lecturers on student decisions to choose universities. This model was tested through the use of multiple linear regression equations and the sample was 388 student candidates. The conceptual model shows that the image of a university is the most influential construct on student decisions to choose a campus, followed by the quality of lecturers and the cost of education. In this paper, the cost of education variable produces a reliability of 0.861, a college image of 0.918 and a lecturer quality of 0.937. Further research is needed in order to find more reliable measurements of indicators of education cost, university image and quality of lecturers. The image of a university is the highest impression that is in the minds of students in choosing a university, followed by the quality of lecturers and the cost of education. Proven. The results show that the image of the university, the quality of the lecturers and the cost of education have an influence on student decisions to choose a campus.

The purpose of this study is to verify how online reviews can become a useful tool for the improvement of hotel businesses through an in-depth analysis of selected scientific papers. This systematic literature review analyses refereed journals in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published worldwide between January 2008 and January 2020 and containing the keywords: online reviews, hotel improvement, hotel performance and hotel development, in 11 different databases. After examining 59 relevant papers, a range of approaches showing how online reviews support hotel business development are uncovered. Besides contributing to the existing literature by extending the current research on the use of online reviews, the findings of this study also provide hoteliers with insights on how to take advantage of online reviews. Although several studies approach hotel business development using online reviews, only a few studies have gathered these papers to verify their applications and managerial implications. Thus, this paper aims to fill this research gap.

ABSTRACT This article is a readaptation of the final paper of residency, a fictional product that will be based on the experience lived by the author within the two years of Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, through the art-based research methodology. Working as a means of elaborating learning and experiences carried out in the field and using the metaphor of crossing a desert, the paper is articulated as an imaginative exercise based on experiences and the vision of art as a laboratory for languages, capable of solutions for everyday challenges, expressing silenced affections and discovering unseen elements of the work and teaching institution through contact with its object of interest. Keywords: Subjectivity. Art. Psychoanalysis. Fiction. Mental Health. RESUMO Este artigo é uma readaptação do trabalho final de residência, um produto fictício que será baseado na experiência vivida pelo autor nos dois anos do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, por meio da metodologia de pesquisa baseada na arte. Trabalhando como meio de elaborar aprendizados e experiências realizadas em campo e utilizando a metáfora de atravessar um deserto, o artigo é articulado como um exercício imaginativo baseado em experiências e na visão da arte como um laboratório de idiomas, capaz de soluções para desafios cotidianos, expressando afetos silenciados e descobrindo elementos invisíveis do trabalho e da instituição de ensino por meio do contato com seu objeto de interesse. Palavras-chave: Subjetividade. Arte. Psicanálise. Ficção. Saúde Mental.

This paper aims at conducting a queer analysis of the figures of children in Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw and of their role in the story’s effect, in order to suggest a new possible interpretation of the novella and to explore the theme of performativity during childhood. Following Carmen Dell’Aversano’s proposal for a method of queer hermeneutics of literary texts, the paper problematizes some aspects of childhood as a social category, as it is represented in James’s text; it focuses on the concept of innocence and its implications, by linking it to Michael Billig’s idea of repression as a discursive practice that is learned since childhood; and, through these considerations, it addresses a crucial critical issue of the novella – the protagonists’ ambiguous obsession with the ghosts’ influence on her pupils, so severe that it possibly leads one of them to his death.

This paper explores the nexus between Translation Studies and Oral History on Romanian communism. As such, it aims to map out the challenges posed by the translation of historical interviews from Romanian into English. More specifically, inspired by Portelli’s theoretical framework, the paper illustrates the orality of transcribed historical accounts by bringing into focus their rich imagery. To instantiate the case, relevant data have been extracted from two main books on the era: Memorial of pain: darkness and light, by Hossu Longin, 2013 and The Survivors: testimonies from Romanian communist prison, by Anca & Raul Ştef,2014.

In this article, we propose to address some of the central aspects of the political-affective rhetoric that characterized the discursive configuration of Cambiemos (2015-2019). For this, we will take two specific scenes: the praise of the police officer Luis Chocobar in early 2018; and the exhibition, earlier this year, of a gigantography of Romeo and Juliet as a tribute to ‘Valentine’s Day’. In the first case, it is about the agent that killed Juan Pablo Kukoc and gave rise to the 'Chocobar doctrine'; a doctrine which enabled the easy trigger and prompted police violence; while, in the second case, it is the symbol of romantic love –heterosexual- that the government used as part of its celebration of ‘love’. As we will show in the paper, both scenes are significant to understand the affective ambivalence manifested by the macrista narrative: love and hate as two sides of the same political practice and rhetoric that operated through a logic of segregation and exclusion. Therefore, from the framework of Sara Ahmed's theory of affections, and from the discursive analysis of these two episodes, the objective of our paper is to understand the affective economy that sustained and configured the contours of this political discourse.

This article aims to analyze the forms and kinds of violence, following the classifications made from the perspective of Peace research, and thus, provide a bridge to Anthropology. In this paper, we set out a summary of reasons, origins, forms, results, ambiguity of the word violence, but above all, the factors that condition the violent behavior of human beings. Following Johan Galtung, we attempt to clarify the types of violence: direct (verbal, psychological and physical); structural (poverty, repression, pollution, alignment, etc.); cultural (from the ideas, norms, values, tradition, etc.); and / or symbolic (demonstrations by acts or rituals that give recognition to direct and structural violence). We recover the concept of Pierre Bourdieu, symbolic violence (manifestations through acts or rituals that give recognition to structural and direct violence); and we present the concept of hybrid violence of Jiménez Bautista that constitutes the sum of the four forms of violence mentioned above. We present a change of a peaceful paradigm from «knowing to understand» to «knowing to transform» and subsequently to «knowing to neutralize». Finally, the central thesis of this paper is that «the human being is conflictive by nature, but is violent due to its education and culture». This thesis is argued by defining three aspects: a) the meaning of violence (‘typically human phenomenon, free biologically, but psychologically voluntary); b) the manifestations of violence, and c) its possible taxonomy.

La respuesta al crecimiento de la demanda turística mundial por explorar destinos alternativos requiere que los países se consoliden aprovechando sus recursos naturales y culturales con un enfoque sostenible, bajo el supuesto de que la diversificación de destinos puede tener indicadores positivos en la lucha contra la pobreza y la desigualdad social. El artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar las políticas públicas turísticas y la teoría de aglomeración en los servicios de ecoturismo y turismo cultural en Méjico, utilizando indicadores de desarrollo sostenible, salarios, empleo y coeficiente de especialización para los años censales 2004, 2009 y 2014. Se analizaron 32 regiones de Méjico, enfatizando en dos programas regionales y en la norma NMX-AA-133-SCFI-2013. The response to the growth of global tourism demand to explore alternative destinations requires that countries consolidate taking advantage of their natural and cultural resources with a sustainable approach in the assumption that, the diversification of destinations will have positive indicators in fighting poverty and social inequality. The aim of this paper is to evaluate public tourism policies and the agglomeration theory in ecotourism and cultural tourism services in Mexico using indicators of sustainable development, wages, employment and specialization coefficient for the 2004, 2009 and 2014 census years. The paper analyzes 32 entities from Mexico, emphasizing in two regional programs and the NMX-AA-133-SCFI-2013 standard. A resposta ao crescimento da demanda mundial de turismo por explorar destinos alternativos exige que os países se consolidem aproveitando seus recursos naturais e culturais com uma abordagem sustentável, assumindo que a diversificação de destinos terá indicadores positivos na luta contra a pobreza e desigualdade social. O objetivo desta investigação é avaliar políticas públicas de turismo e a teoria da aglomeração em serviços de ecoturismo e turismo cultural no Méjico, utilizando indicadores de coeficiente de desenvolvimento sustentável, salários, emprego e especialização para os anos censitários de 2004, 2009 e 2014. Ele analisará 32 entidades da Mexico, enfatizando dois programas regionais e o e o padrão NMX-AA-133-SCFI-2013.

The objective of this paper is to provide critical analysis of the Kantian notion of freedom (especially the problem of the third antinomy and its resolution in the critique of pure reason); its significance in the contemporary debate on free-will and determinism, and the possibility of autonomy of artificial agency in the Kantian paradigm of autonomy. Kant's resolution of the third antinomy by positing the ground in the noumenal self resolves the problem of antinomies; however, it invites an explanatory gap between phenomenality and the noumenal self; even if he has successfully established the compatibility of natural causality and non-natural causality through his transcendental argument. This paper is also devoted to establishing the plausibility of the knowledge claim that Kantian reduction of phenomenality has served half of the purpose of the AI scientists on the possibility of Artificial Autonomous Agency.

The purpose of this paper is to advance an argument that might explain the dynamics of recent political developments in Latin America. The argument is constructed as follows. First, I review the dynamics of what Raúl Zibechi (2012) has described as the new geoeconomics of capital in Latin America and the corresponding politics. The paper then elaborates on certain dynamics associated with the political economy of two types of capitalism, with reference here to the particular way in which these forms of capital are combined in the current context of capitalist development in the region. The third part of the paper provides a brief review of the economic and political dynamics that led to the pink tide of regime change in South America. Subsequently, we provide a brief review and analysis of the policy dynamics of the governments formed in the wake of this seatide of regime change and the associated progressive cycle in Latin American politics. The paper then turns towards the recent pendulum swing of electoral politics towards the hard right of neoliberal policy reform. The paper ends with a brief discussion of the forces that might be involved in what appears to be the end of the progressive cycle. The conclusion is that the answer can be found in various contradictions of extractive capitalism.

Geography enlightened a vast area of social sciences. It consists earth’s land and ocean surface, different landforms and their formation, evolution, sub-surface phenomena, atmosphere and related activities, environment and its attributes, environment as a habitat of living elements as well as a human being and their reciprocal relationships in a very critical and analytical approach. From the inception of geography as a separate discipline, it evolved through its versatile, comprehensive and holistic nature. Alteration and modification change its nature through space and time. And accordingly, the established paradigm always changed depending on the demand of the geographers. This paper highlighted specifically the paradigm shift in geographical research with special reference to geospatial applications. Geography has two basic aspects, Pure and Applied. Recent trend shows that most of the geographical research is focused on the applied field rather than the pure aspects of the subject itself. The most interesting fact is that the applied research is basically depends upon the Geospatial technology. A distinct paradigm shifts have been taking place in both the Geographical Research and the Geospatial Technology through Digitalization. The large growing population of the world require a logical and scientific shift in both pure and applied research in the domain of geography. Particular mention may be made in the fields of Geography such as geomorphology, population geography, urban geography, rural development and environmental geography. This paper also highlights the major paradigmn shifts in the behavioural geography, systematic geography, regional geography, medical geography, geospatial sustainability and cartography from paper map to digital map. It is now established that no discipline can survive without adopting a new strategy and technology.

The paper presents an overview of three Italian takes on the queer rural-to-urban flight, by analysing Generations of Love (1999) by Matteo B. Bianchi, La Generazione (‘Generations,’ 2015) by Flavia Biondi, and Febbre (‘Fever,’ 2019) by Jonathan Bazzi. In most LGBTQ+ narratives moving to a big city is central, as it is associated with finding an accepting ‘chosen’ family. However, the move has recently acquired homonormative connotations: it is embedded into narratives of economic success and the individuals moving are usually white, cisgender, non-disabled, gay men. In the texts, the main characters correspond to the type. However, by analysing their relationships to their hometowns and their biological families, this paper argues that the characters find ways of challenging the homonormative paradigm through a spatial in-betweenness and non-conjugal bonds not reflected by laws. The main theoretical frameworks are the homonormativity definition by Lisa Duggan, the work on Italian queerness by Antonia Anna Ferrante, and the study on queer orientations by Sara Ahmed. This paper is inscribed into a larger trend of studies around the rural-to-urban move but sheds light on the Italian landscape.

The EU may be a porous area that need a common Integrated Border Management (IBM) system as well as several institutions, surveillance tools and politics to monitor an inter-agency cooperation and control of its external borders. In the backdrop of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), a new role has been assigned to external states bordering the eastern and southern flanks of the EU, with a progressive process of outsourcing security check on migrants thus extending the EU state borders up to the Mediterranean states, creating an EU borderland. This paper intends to raise the question of the impact of this EU external bordering process on some Arab neighbors since the outbreak of the Arab uprisings in 2011. More particularly, the research intends to focus on two types of states – Libya and Lebanon – with poor governance in order to show the limits of the implementation of IBM in such contexts. In order to highlight these, the paper delve into the borderwork of two EU or international bodies implementing IBM norms and rules to explore their relationships with the local state institutions. They both tend to show the key importance of the local context as a crucial explanatory factor of the limits of the implementation of such norms. Keywords: Integrated Border Management, EU, Libya, Lebanon, local context

This paper assumes the Mediterranean as a critical junction between Global North and Global South. It explores current challenges at the European Union (EU) Mediterranean borders and investigates the intertwined area at the EU borders that we call ‘Mediterranean Global South’. The paper explores actors providing security in the Mediterranean Global South and critically addresses the EU capacity to manage its borders. Specific attention is devoted to South to North human flows, one of the most critical challenges to human security in current times deploying its effects well beyond states’ borders. Human flows across the Mediterranean Sea have put EU member states (EUMS), EU institutions and European societies under stress. The paper challenges those state-centered approaches that regard closing the borders as the most effective solution to acquire security and stability in Europe, and focuses on non-state actors’ practices that seek to address regional problems more effectively. The paper thus investigates the complexification of regional relations deriving from the actual role of those actors, state or non-state actors, EU and EUMS, regional and global powers, that play crucial functions in the provision of solutions to complex security issues. The EU Mediterranean borders are expanding and actors involved in securing the Mediterranean Global South are increasingly engaged in the South of the Mediterranean for the management of regional crises. Keywords: Mediterranean, migration, securitization, European Union, borders

This paper discusses the findings of a systematic review process carried out regarding the category of leadership in the social realm. This process was developed from an interdisciplinary perspective. A collection of papers from Latin American countries were chosen using the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. These papers were retrieved from open access databases and search engines, including Redalyc.org and Scielo, and were written between 2010 and 2017. The findings show that the most widely used conceptual theories in relation to social leadership are transformational leadership, helpful leadership and subjective and intersubjective leadership. Additional categories were found to be related to leadership including: community, society, commitments, ethics and morals, social participation and empowerment. Finally, it is argued that leadership is a relative concept, that is to say, depending on the context in which it is researched, a variety of characteristics and taxonomies underlie. However, regarding the social-community leadership, a genuine interest in the collective is present as a transversal axis in most conceptualizations.

This paper will discuss a movie and a multimedia work based on the play Las brutas by Juan Radrigán, about the last days of three Colla shepherds, who lived isolated in the northern Chilean Andes. Western and urban projections about the relation between human being and environment and the meaning of life that are on display in the works will be explored. Through the interplay among Colla ethnological sources, Andean thought and phenomenology, the paper aims at problematizing the very premises of critical approach.

This paper aims to understand how heritage is the result of a simultaneous game of memory and oblivion, which carries with it visions of a hierarchical society. For this purpose, the most important heritage sites of Santa Marta, the most ancient city of South America, are analysed. In this city, it’s possible to appreciate the heritage framework that involves the commemoration of two temporalities: Spanish colonialism of XVI century, and republican endocolonialism in the XIX century. In the paper it is analysed how these two historical segments have imposed a sense of identity.

The paper revisits the debate on the political function of work, defined as the contribution of work to the production and transformation of social relations, in both conceptual and empirical terms. It begins by briefly recalling the terms of the debate about the emancipatory potential of work as seen by Karl Marx and Hannah Arendt, and then proceeds to argue, contra Arendt, that since work is a collective and cooperative activity, it is not a-political. The major contribution of the paper consists of discussing the issue by critically considering the literature on both economic theories of the firm and labour economics, two strands of literature usually kept apart. We regard the quantification and individualisation trends that characterise the contemporary world of work as a de-politicisation process, one linked to the (mainstream) agency theory of the firm which legitimises financialisation. We conclude by outlining a way in which to re-politicise work and the firm.

The aim of this paper is to carry out a brief analysis of the history of the first fifty years of the journal Miscelánea Comillas, as a contribution to the monographic issue celebrating its 75th anniversary. We will especially focus on the origin of the magazine and we will study some of its most significant personalities, such as Camilo M.ª Abad, Fr. Salaverri, Lucio Rodrigo, Fidel García Martínez, Ambrosio Sanz, Lorenzo R. Sotillo, Valeriano Andérez or Constancio Gutiérrez, most of whom were Jesuit Fathers, who have contributed with their papers to the development of scientific research in the fields of History, Theology, Philosophy, Moral and Canon Law, Sacred Scripture, etc. We will also analyse the evolution of the journal over time, its editors and the thematic field of the papers which have been published in it. Finally, we will carry out a detailed analysis of the issues of the first ten years, which we have studied, explaining the thematic contents of the papers published in the journal, its main authors at that time, etc.

Established, either in the theoretical field or in constitutional practice, as a founding principle of democratic order, freedom of expression was and has been scrutinized by diverse areas of knowledge. In this paper we explore the main debates involving free expression of ideas fundamentals, seeking to highlight their relationship and conflict with other values, such as equality, tolerance and justice. In a problem-oriented approach, we shed light on the issues of hate speech and pornography, and, as well, on the implications, to public deliberation, of the unequal access to mass media and the new technology of information. At the end, we present the papers that make up this dossier. We expect, in this sense, to contribute to the constitution of a research agenda about freedom of expression, an urgent task in the current scenario in which this fundamental right has been under attack by governments of different ideological orientations.

La mayoría de los sistemas electorales existentes en España utilizan listas cerradas y bloqueadas, un tipo de listas excepcional en perspectiva comparada. Este trabajo analiza los diferentes modelos de listas desbloqueadas existentes, exponiendo cuáles son los principales argumentos a favor y en contra de la adopción de este tipo de listas a la luz de la evidencia empírica disponible. En el caso español, destacan los malos rendimientos del sistema de listas abiertas que se emplea en el Senado español. Asimismo, en este trabajo se estudia la propuesta de listas desbloqueadas planteada en la comunidad autónoma de Asturias y que representaría una auténtica novedad en el panorama electoral español. Por último, se realizan una serie de reflexiones finales, con el objetivo de realizar algunas recomendaciones sobre posibles reformas institucionales. / Most of the electoral systems in Spain employ closed and blocked lists, an exceptional type of lists in comparative perspective. This paper analyzes the different models of open lists, explaining the main arguments in favor and against the adoption of this sort of lists in light of available empirical evidence. In the Spanish case, the poor performance of the system of free lists used in the Senate stands out. Likewise, this paper studies the proposal of open lists outlined in Asturias autonomous community, which would represent an authentic novelty in the Spanish electoral scene. To conclude, a series of final considerations are introduced in order to make some recommendations on possible institutional reforms.

Qualitative research has been a method used mainly in humanities and social sciences. This paper draws upon the definition of qualitative research, and various aspects related to it are discussed, including human behavior, awareness, dialogue, participation, the importance of everyday life, history, subjective reality and care and relationships with others. Additionally, the notion of health is primarily addressed from an approach that looks at the human being and their determinants of health. Reference is made to the prioritization of the quantitative method, of the biological approach from health, relating concepts such as primary health care, health promotion and public health. The paper also includes a reflection on the importance for health sciences to address the human being as the object of their knowledge, so that it is possible to understand their culture, customs, history, language and even their gestures, in order that the results of judicious research work have an echo in people, their family group and communities and to make it possible to recover common sense and achieve relevant research results.

This paper argues that the research competences that are taught in secondary schools in the framework of the articulation program between upper secondary education and higher education held by FESAD-UPTC, allow an elementary immersion in the scientific field, through workshops and research-type activities as a way to initiate young future researchers. This is a mixed research study, drawing upon action research, which contributes to the role played by the teacher as a researcher of his/her own pedagogical activity. With the aim of training young researchers who are prepared for the scientific culture since upper secondary education, a conceptual exploration of research related topics is established, then the pedagogical experience is presented, where research competences are bundled together and strengthen the learning process (know-know and know-how) of middle school students. The paper relies on the premise that the goal is not for students of upper secondary education to become research specialists, but rather that they acquire a certain amount of knowledge as part of a comprehensive and integrating education.

This reflective paper discusses how the micro-community strategy, including families, scouts and ecclesial communities, becomes relevant for shaping peacebuilding agents. The paper draws upon a historical-hermeneutic research paradigm with a qualitative methodology and a documentary strategy. The findings show that the family micro-community helps develop individuals by teaching them ways to solve conflicts and assigning them roles. The education and training provided by the scouts, relying on constructivism, teamwork and the distribution of responsibilities, produce supportive individuals. In the case of lay communities, it can be seen that these micro-communities contribute to ethical judgement, the adoption of healthy customs, and in relation to character formation, through tough love, they produce autonomous and responsible individuals. In conclusion, micro-communities help educate for peace and conflict resolution, since they allow individuals to be proactive and forward-thinking change agents that promote the mutual wellbeing of their members.

This paper aims to analyse the characters of Bartleby, from the story “Bartleby, the scrivener” by Herman Melville, and Aires, from the novel Conselour Aires’s Memoirs by Machado de Assis, through a philosophical perspective that multiplies the possibilities of fiction conceived traditionally as the opposite of reality. By investigating those literary figures, along with a Deleuzian vocabulary, this paper will think about the limits of a traditional conception of reality and fiction, as well as the self, in order to assert its dynamic and unstable aspect which consequently involves language itself.

The aim of this paper is to trace and analyze the price behavior during the eighteenth century in two regions of the Spanish Empire: Alto Peru and Buenos Aires. These two zones had a divergent economic performance; while one of them showed an economic take-off the other became stagnant. The objective is to compare both regions in order to show how price fluctuations were in fact the result of relative changes in the factor endowments. In this particular case two mass consumption products are considered: meat and wheat. Based on primary sources, the paper will show us that population and commercial growth translated into a relative increase in the price of wheat with respect to that of meat. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith considered the impact of changes of factor endowments on prices. It is necessary to analyze thoroughly the available sources, as well as the price historiography up to the moment, to prove, quantitatively and qualitatively, the moment and conditions of such changes and the differences which took place in Alto Peru and Buenos Aires.

The following paper aims to contribute to the Italian literature on non-monogamy with a psychosocial interpretation towards the future of the political and legal recognition requests of non-monogamous and queer relationships, as well as of their families. Starting with a reflection on how normativities position those who are outside the binaries as noises to be ignored or cancelled, the paper then provides a critique of the concept of evaluation as a tool for acquiring rights (as it does not find a counterpart in the different-gender relationships). Psychosocial studies on the relationship quality of non-monogamous people should be used to strenghten the demands for the legal recognitions of non-monogamous relationships, families and multi-parenting. In fact, the available international literature has given voice and confirmed what the many polyfamilies experience in everyday life: that these families (non-monogamous, open, poly, extended, childless * or not) are a social reality with their positive charachteristics and criticalities. Starting from examples on the erasure of bisexualities and ame-gender families recognition – the paper discuss how including these types of psychosocial research can improve our struggle for the recognition and legal rights of non-monogamous agreements and relationships.

This paper is not intended as either a survey of performance and perversity nor as an argumentation for any particularly new theory of performance. Rather it is me offering my methodologies, influences and thoughts as a trans mestizXXX perverse performance artist living and working in an actively postcolonial moment. It is, in part, an act of resistance toward the move to commodify performance’s important ephemerality and ineffability into institutionally digestible historicity and study-ability within academic institutional contexts. This paper will focus on some of my performance work which plays with ideas of power, bondage, land, colony, body and institution. I will also discuss the work of a few contemporary artists whom I identify not as important to notions of “the canon” but to my canon, artists whose queer and/or “of colour” perversities have influenced my work and self-formation. A work which combines personal narrative with critical analysis, this paper hopes to contextualize my performance practice from an intersectional and interdisciplinary perspective.

Linking literature with tourism can be crucial in preserving and promoting cultural heritage associated with literary production. Many towns and cities around the globe have become literary landmarks because of their association with acclaimed writers and their work. Literary lovers are attracted to the actual sites depicted in literature or other locations related to literary production, e.g., authors' residences or graves. This article presents examples of literary heritage valorisation by national and international organisations. It also explains the tourism potential of traditional Greek lighthouses through the findings of a research that focused on the cultural capital they represent. Literature and oral storytelling regarding Greek lighthouses, in combination with their magnificent history, architecture and landscape, have surrounded them with a spiritual aura that appeals to sophisticated tourists. The paper illustrates the reasons for the strategic incorporation of lighthouse literary tourism in the Greek tourism product.

This paper applies the concept of Soja’s Thirdspace to the phenomenon of Lazgi dance and tourism in Uzbekistan. In doing so it analyses the different levels of perception (including Firstspace and Secondspace) of Lazgi and tourism via an autoethnographic lens. Complemented by expert interviews, the interaction of Lazgi and tourism is examined and characteristics of the Lazgisphere (world of Lazgi) in Uzbekistan are distilled. The results show that Lazgi is often directly or indirectly connected with tourism in Uzbekistan, but even more so serves to reaffirm national identity.

La cultura juega un papel decisivo en la conformación de la identidad y educación de los pueblos. En el proceso constitutivo de la nación cubana se ha apreciado, la necesidad de una cultura vista como una producción y una construcción colectiva, en el que se conjugan factores tangibles o no. La República, etapa compleja de nuestra historia, fue también un periodo de rico debate en torno a la capacidad de la cultura como herramienta imprescindible para consolidar la Nación cubana. En esta etapa surge un proyecto denominado la Universidad del Aire que se convirtió en espacio propicio para rescatar el legado histórico del pueblo cubano y educarlo desde la perspectiva cívica y cultural. Uno de los elementos esenciales abordados fue la defensa de la cultura como elemento íntimamente asociada al de la recuperación política. También se insistió en la necesidad de combatir la ignorancia, de educar para el ejercicio democrático y de enseñar valores cívicos. Se incentivó el patriotismo y la responsabilidad de cada ciudadano y en particular de las nuevas generaciones, en la defensa de los valores, la cultura e historia de su país. En esencia se propuso consolidar la nación desde la cultura y desde lo más genuino de la Historia de Cuba. Palabras clave: Cultura, educación, Universidad del Aire. ABSTRACT The culture plays a decisive paper in the conformation of the identity and education of the towns. In the constituent process of the Cuban nation it has been appreciated, the necessity of a culture seen as a production and a collective construction, in which tangible factors are conjugated or not. The Republic, complex stage of our history, was also a period of rich debate around the capacity of the culture like indispensable tool to consolidate the Cuban Nation. In this stage a denominated project arises the University of the Air that became favorable space to rescue the historical legacy of the Cuban town and to educate him from the civic and cultural perspective. One of the approached essential elements was the defense of the culture like element intimately associated to that of the political recovery. It was also insisted in the necessity of combatting the ignorance, of educating for the democratic exercise and of teaching civic values. It was incentivated the patriotism and the responsibility of each civic one and in particular of the new generations, in the defense of the values, the culture and history of their country. In essence it intended to consolidate the nation from the culture and from the most genuine in the History of Cuba. Keywords: Culture, education, University of the Air.

De acuerdo con la Constitución en la República del Ecuador, las comunidades, pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas están facultados para ejercer funciones jurisdiccionales en su ámbito territorial, de acuerdo con sus tradiciones ancestrales y su derecho propio. Actualmente, las autoridades de dichas comunidades pueden resolver las diversas controversias internas de conformidad con sus propias leyes y políticas, siempre que no violen la Constitución ni los derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos. El Estado debe asegurar que todos los organismos e instituciones públicas se adhieran a las sentencias de la jurisdicción indígena; con excepción de la materia penal, que tiene un tratamiento diferenciado en justicia ordinaria. Con este enfoque, reconocemos que el Estado no es la única fuente de justicia, siendo aplicable un sistema legal paralelo que respeta las normas de las comunidades nativas. Así pues, surgen alternativas de resolución de conflictos como la mediación, como un método viable para resolver disputas. Debido a su éxito en la protección de las normas y tradiciones culturales de las comunidades indígenas, esta figura sirve como un modelo ilustrativo de diversidad legal. En este trabajo se profundiza en el valor de la mediación como medio para conseguir un pluralismo jurídico que respete los usos y costumbres indígenas. Palabras clave: Arbitraje, cosmovisión, justicia indígena, mediación. ABSTRACT In accordance with the Constitution in the Republic of Ecuador, indigenous communities, peoples and nationalities are empowered to exercise jurisdictional functions in their territorial scope, in accordance with their ancestral traditions and their own law. Currently, the authorities of these communities can resolve the various internal controversies in accordance with their own laws and policies, as long as they do not violate the Constitution or internationally recognized human rights. The State must ensure that all public agencies and institutions adhere to the rulings of the indigenous jurisdiction; with the exception of criminal matters, which have a differentiated treatment in ordinary justice. With this approach, we recognize that the State is not the only source of justice, being applicable a parallel legal system that respects the norms of the native communities. Thus, conflict resolution alternatives such as mediation emerge as a viable method to resolve disputes. Due to his success in protecting the cultural norms and traditions of indigenous communities, this figure serves as an illustrative model of legal diversity. This paper delves into the value of mediation as a means to achieve legal pluralism that respects indigenous uses and customs. Keywords: Arbitration, worldview, indigenous justice, mediation.

Existe un creciente interés en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales por el estudio de fenómenos relacionados con la denominada gig economy o economía de plataformas y, entre ellos, por la figura del rider, un término que alude a los repartidores de productos a domicilio que se emplean a través de plataformas digitales. Dentro de estas plataformas el trabajo de los riders se configura desde lógicas de gestión algorítmica, una mediación en la que ha tendido a enfatizarse la cualidad panóptica de sus formas de control y gubernamentalidad. Frente a estas aproximaciones, este trabajo presenta un enfoque teórico-metodológico que subraya la co-constitución, en un agenciamiento abierto, del rider y la aplicación, con el objetivo de aproximarnos etnográficamente a la cotidianidad de las prácticas laborales de los repartidores. Con el interés de explorar cómo funciona la mediación algorítmica en la diversidad de experiencias de los riders, analizamos los trabajos de coordinación encargados de producir una geografía de espacio-tiempos compartida y las estrategias de control flexible que media la aplicación. El texto describe cómo el algoritmo genera una suerte de andamiajes que definen espaciotemporalidades directivas en la operativa de los riders, dentro de las cuales los repartidores extienden el paisaje de calculabilidad a aquellos elementos que el algoritmo no puede contemplar y a aquellos otros que debe incorporar el rider para hacer compatible su actividad con la lógica algorítmica. Este artículo presenta resultados iniciales de una etnografía desarrollada en Madrid desde septiembre del 2021 con riders de varias de las principales plataformas digitales de reparto a domicilio: Glovo, Uber Eats y Getir. Junto al trabajo de campo con los riders, esta investigación se ha complementado con entrevistas a cuatro tecnólogos del ámbito de la logística urbana. Los resultados muestran cómo entre los riders el tipo de contratación asalariado ha generado una vivencia menos intensa de la cronografía directiva del algoritmo, poniendo en evidencia cómo la autonomía no es necesariamente homóloga a la capacidad de elección de los repartidores. There is a growing interest in the field of social sciences in the study of topics related to the so-called gig economy or platform economy and, among them, in the figure of the rider—a term that refers to the home delivery workers employed through digital platforms. In these platforms, the work of the riders is organized from algorithmic management logics, a mediation in which the panoptic quality of their forms of control and governmentality has tended to be emphasized. In contrast to these frameworks, this paper presents a theoretical-methodological approach that emphasizes the co-constitution—in an open agency—of the rider and the application, to ethnographically approach the everyday labor practices of riders. In the interest of exploring how algorithmic mediation functions in the diversity of riders’ experiences, we analyze the coordination tasks responsible for producing the shared space-time geography and the flexible control strategies that mediate the application. The text describes how the algorithm generates a kind of scaffolding that defines directive spatiotemporalities in the riders’ operations, within which the deliverers extend the landscape of calculability to those elements that the algorithm cannot consider and to those others that the rider must incorporate in order to make his activity compatible with the algorithmic logic. This article presents the initial results of an ethnography carried out in Madrid since September 2021 with riders from several of the main digital home delivery platforms: Glovo, Uber Eats, and Getir. Along with the fieldwork with riders, we interviewed four technologists in urban logistics. The results show that salaried riders have a less intense experience of the directive chronography of the algorithm, showing how autonomy is not necessarily equivalent to the riders’ capability to choose.

Airbnb es un fenómeno turístico mundial que afecta el comercio local. En el Perú, se ha incrementado este tipo de servicio. Sus seguidores valoran la estadía y las prestaciones del lugar y escriben sobre ello para recomendar o desaconsejar. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los discursos a través de estrategias lingüísticas de los huéspedes que se alojan en Lima-Perú. Metodológicamente, se ha recogido un corpus formado por 91 muestras textuales, que son de uso frecuente y procedentes de huéspedes de los distritos más turísticos de Lima. Se concluye que los huéspedes crean discursos generalmente sobre su estadía, su comodidad y seguridad, que posicionan el servicio colaborativo, el cual los convierte en consumidores concentrados en el turismo del hospedaje que del sector cultural. Con ello, ponen en juego la reputación de los anfitriones y logran que la información publicada sea de utilidad para el turismo potencial. Airbnb is a worldwide tourism phenomenon that affects local commerce. In Peru, this type of service has increased. Its followers value the stay and the benefits of the place and write about it to recommend or advise against it. The aim of this paper is to analyze the discourses through linguistic strategies of guests staying in Lima-Peru. Methodologically, a corpus consisting of 91 textual samples has been collected, which are frequently used and coming from guests in the most touristic districts of Lima. It is concluded that guests generally create discourses about their stay, comfort and safety. In doing so, they put the reputation of the hosts at stake and make the published information useful for potential tourists.

The paper analyzes the relation between economic elites and the Colombian State around the development credit policy. It explores specifically the term between 1958 and 1974 and studies State capture expression in the developmental period, it deepens in the way in which elites define or influence in the credit policy direction. The case of study allows to reveal the ways in which the State acquire more autonomy regard elites. The argument is that State autonomy depends on two main factors: the level o dependency of high bureaucracies regarding economic elites on one side, and the relational process of the Sate with the social groups involved in the specific policy. Using a Social Network analysis related to the high bureaucracies of the Central Bank of Colombia and the study of interactions between produces associations (as organized agent of the economic elites) with the State it studies the mechanism in which the relation State and economic elites impact the specific policy of development credit.

In order to analyze the configuration and transformations of tax systems in Latin America, it is essential to know how taxpayers perceive taxes. As part of the discussions on economic élites and tax systems in the region, this article proposes to investigate the tax perceptions of the local economic élite in the province of Córdoba, Argentina (2020). Using a positional sample, twenty-three interviews were conducted with Cordoban businessmen articulated in the campaign "Córdoba, acá estamos". First, it should be noted that businessmen occupy heterogeneous positions in the productive structure, but hold homogeneous perceptions regarding taxes. Then, the article recognizes a set of moral and economic questions raised by businessmen to the tax system. Moral questions denote the moral voice of the business community, while economic questions are based on neoclassical expert knowledge that circulate as common sense among the interviewees. The paper highlights those moral objections show the scope of entrepreneurial agency (Schaigorodsky 2021), as the capacity of business to say and be heard on social and political issues. And, on the other hand, economic questions express the limit of entrepreneurial agency, since the adoption of technical-economic schemes as common sense hinders the thematization of facts, experiences and subjects outside the concepts of neoclassical economics.

This paper looks at Harrod’s fundamental assumptions and equations in ‘An essay in dynamic theory’ as the foundation for suggesting a better understanding of his postulates on economic growth. The analysis we present attempts to measure the effects of resource composition on the field of economic growth by determining its elasticity and the coefficient of acceleration. By addressing new critical assumptions, key formulas, and methods of approach, some crucial findings provide a strong theoretical model with which to examine dynamic economic growth. Furthermore, this paper offers a brief review of Solow’s and Swan’s critiques of Harrod’s essay. This analysis could inspire further advances in the study of economic growth at the academic level and even in terms of government macroeconomic policies and business decisions.

Unconventional monetary policy was implemented as a result of the financial crisis and resulted in rising asset prices in the stock markets. While the increase in asset prices is not exclusively triggered by unconventional monetary policy, central bankers accept that unconventional monetary policy has resulted in distributional effects on wealth, and that these are not negligible. What is missing are studies analyzing whether these non-standard monetary policies have different distributional effects on women and men. The intent of the paper is to interrogate whether unconventional monetary policy of central banks has a gender bias that operates in favor of men as gender and against women as gender. Relying on insights from feminist economics, the paper uses the results of the ECB Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) of 62,000 household across 15 euro-area countries. While the results are tentative, they show an asymmetric distributional gendered impact. Since the rich own more assets than the poor, and since monetary easing works in part by raising asset prices, these unconventional policies may unintentionally benefit the wealthier quintile (on average more male) at the expense of the poorer strata of society (on average more female).

Esse artigo se desdobra em pesquisa interinstitucional e multifocal e problematizou alguns dos modos pelos quais o conceito de transversalidade de gênero vem sendo definido e proposto como diretriz em políticas públicas de “inclusão social” no Brasil. Aqui, examinamos, de forma específica, a produção acadêmica sobre o tema “transversalidade de gênero em políticas públicas” entre os anos de 2004 e 2016, para descrever ênfases teórico-políticas nela prevalentes, bem como tensões e desafios apontados por esses estudos para sua efetiva implementação. Foram examinados artigos, teses e dissertações disponíveis em bases de pesquisa virtuais, localizadas com técnicas de investigação e filtros de seleção sugeridos em estudos sobre revisão de literatura. A análise apontou que a produção sobre o tema é pequena, está aglutinada em determinadas instituições e em torno de alguns/as autores/as, e que a transversalização de gênero em políticas públicas é defendida como um dispositivo potente de promoção de igualdade que, no entanto, ainda enfrenta muitos desafios para ser efetivamente implementado. Palavras-chave: Transversalidade de gênero. Políticas públicas. Revisão de literatura. Abstract This paper draws from interinstitutional and multi-focus research framing some of the ways in which gender mainstreaming has been defined and proposed as a guideline for public policies of social inclusion in Brazil. We specifically examined academic production on gender mainstreaming in public policies published between the years of 2004 and 2016 in order to describe theoretical and political emphases found in these works, as well as tensions and challenges these studies point as needed to be overcome for successful implementation of policies. We collected papers, dissertations, and theses available in virtual research databases, found with research techniques and selection filters gathered from studies on literature review. This analysis has shown that there is little research on this theme, that it is concentrated in particular institutions and authors, and that gender mainstreaming in public policies is defended as a powerful device for promoting equality that, however, still has to overcome many challenges in order to be successfully implemented. Keywords: Gender mainstreaming. Public policies. Literature review.

This paper discusses the relationship between regional integration and industrialization in Latin America over the past seventy years. To this end, it shows how ECLAC’s structuralist thought and integrationist dynamics have influenced each other in practice. It outlines the positions on regional industrialization found in old regionalism, open regionalism and in 21st century regionalisms, and how such positions were shaped by conflicts between social groups. Specifically, it introduces the Andean Pact, MERCOSUR and ALBA as examples. This paper’s contribution consists in reflecting critically on Latin American experiences of drafting and implementing common industrial policy in diverse contexts.

The aim of this paper is to outline the current state of the university system and confront it with the cultural and social challenges that it should face. Based on certain statistical indicators referring to the last decade, we focus on the Spanish case, resulting in a critical diagnosis for all the groups with significant links to the higher education system. From the new paradigm of the European Higher Education Area, this paper analyses the role and responsibility of society, university institutions, professors and especially students, for their greater role and vulnerability.

The concept of integral human development is central to the Catholic social tradition. Yet, it remains under-explored with regard to its integrating components and their implications. What does taking an integral human development perspective mean for social analysis and action? The paper seeks to answer this question on the basis of the four encyclicals in which the idea of integral human development is treated, and in combination with the literature on human development in the multidisciplinary social science field of international development studies and its conceptual foundations in Amartya Sen’s capability approach. Based on this comparative analysis, the paper proposes an understanding of integral human development that it calls a “spirituality-extended capability approach to the progress of peoples”.

Tras su institucionalización a comienzos de la década de los 70 con la creación de las primeras facultades de Ciencias de la Información, la investigación española sobre comunicación se consolida como ámbito disciplinar desde los años 90 con la multiplicación de la oferta de estos estudios en la universidad española, que propicia un crecimiento exponencial de la comunidad académica y de la producción científica en este campo. El ingente esfuerzo de metainvestigación realizado en la última década, centrado especialmente en las revistas especializadas, y en menor medida en las tesis doctorales, está permitiendo reconstruir aspectos relevantes de la investigación comunicativa en España en este periodo, pero sin atender de manera suficiente a aquellos elementos que nos permitirían realizar un diagnóstico de la orientación epistemológica general que haya seguido la actividad científica en este ámbito. Este trabajo pretende contribuir en esa dirección mediante un análisis de contenido de una muestra de 1.098 artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2014 por seis revistas españolas especializadas de referencia, con el propósito de describir la evolución de los objetos de estudio y de los dispositivos metodológicos de la investigación española sobre comunicación en este periodo. Los resultados indican la progresiva diversificación de los objetos de estudio; la preeminencia de los trabajos sobre contenidos mediáticos, con una desatención creciente de la dimensión institucional del sistema comunicativo (empresas, profesionales, mercados, políticas públicas, etc.); el decaimiento de la investigación teórica; la mejora paulatina de la calidad metodológica de los trabajos empíricos publicados; y el predominio, cada vez más acusado, de la investigación cuantitativa, y especialmente de los análisis de contenido realizados sobre documentos de origen mediático (noticias, anuncios, series televisivas, etc.). Las tendencias observadas son discutidas apelando al impacto que hayan podido tener en la investigación española sobre comunicación los cambios experimentados por el sistema comunicativo (crecimiento del sector, advenimiento de la digitalización, etc.) y por el renovado contexto institucional (autonomización de las titulaciones de comunicación, implantación del programa Academia de acreditación del profesorado universitario) en el que ha venido desarrollándose la actividad científica en este ámbito disciplinar en el último cuarto de siglo. After its institutionalisation during the early 1970s through the creation of the first faculties of Communication Sciences, Spanish communication research consolidates as a disciplinary field in the 1990s. During this period, the increasing number of universities degrees on communication studies led to an exponential growth of the academic community and, so, of the scientific production in the field. The enormous efforts of meta-research carried out in the last decade, specially focused on the study of peer-reviewed journals, and to lesser extent of PhD theses, have allowed the reconstruction of some relevant aspects of the current communication research in Spain. Nevertheless, these studies have not considered sufficiently those elements which would allow to identify the general epistemological orientation followed by the scientific activity in the field of communication. This paper intends to contribute to this research line. For this purpose, a content analysis has been applied to a sample of 1098 papers published between 1990 and 2014 by six major peer-reviewed communication journals, in order to observe the evolution of the objects of study and the methodological procedures in Spanish communication research during this period. The results show a progressive diversification of the objects of study, the pre-eminence of the studies on media content, a growing neglect of the institutional dimension of the media system (companies, professionals, markets, public policies, etc.), a decreasing interest on theoretical research, a gradual improvement of the methodological standards of empirical research, and a growing dominance of quantitative research, specially by means of content analysis applied to media documents (news, advertisements, television series, etc.). The observed trends are put for discussion considering the consequences that could have be generated on Spanish communication research by the changes of the media system (the growth of the communication sector, the advent of digitalization, etc.) and by the updated institutional context (the autonomy of university degrees in communication studies, the implementation of the Academia teaching acreditation programme) on which scientific activity has deveolped over the past 25 years.