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On the basis of archival sources and Chronicles of hostilities in the Black sea, data on the actions of assault and fighter aircraft of the black sea fleet air force and the 4th air army on sea targets, ports of the South-Eastern Crimea and their infrastructure when trying to evacuate the retreating German-Romanian troops in the second decade of April 1944, at the beginning of the Crimean strategic offensive.

The article defines the basic components of diagnostics and forecasting in favor of early warning and overcoming of crisis financial condition, the factors of identification and possibility of development of a crisis condition are researched. The concepts of diagnostics and of analysis of the entity’s crisis condition are differentiated. The factors forming the possibility of developing a crisis are defined as follows: the main negative circumstances, which can decisively influence the potential and change the financial balance of enterprise, by triggering the crisis mechanism. The constituents of the exogenous and the endogenous factors of the system of early warning of crisis condition are formed, allowing to identify, by means of the early warning indicators, the critical factors for survival and development of company. Generalizing the available in the economic literature proposals on the adjustment of a diagnostic system for the internal environment, the author proves the need for systematic analytical work to identify negative impacts that reduce financial mobility and flexibility, as well as determine the level of financial position of economic entity.

The goal of the article lies in formation of a paradigm (sample) of universal methods of creation of functionally developed management systems of special purpose of industrial enterprises and production associations and their use when planning and introducing the subsystem of accounting and analytical support. Analysing, systemising and generalising scientific works of many economists, the article describes ways of solution of the problem of organisation of works on planning and introducing the accounting function at industrial enterprises and in production associations -- individual planning, increase of a number of organisations that plan functionally developed accounting subsystem and training of relevant specialists. In the result of the study the article realises an important direction of development in improvement of organisation of accounting and economic and analytical support at industrial enterprises and in production associations based on uniformity of project decisions on the subsystem of the accounting and analytical support and functional development of the process of its creation. The issue of organisation of the calculation process while planning and introducing the accounting function in functionally developed management systems of special purpose of industrial enterprises and production associations is of special urgency among the prospects of further studies in this direction. Further development of accounting can result in replacement of traditional accounting with functionally developed subsystem of accounting and analytical support with intensive use of the concept of methodologically justified paradigmatic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the article is to develop a scientifically substantiated methodology of planning and introduction of a sub-system of accounting and analytical provision in functionally developed management systems of special purpose of industrial enterprises and production associations. Having analysed, systemised and generalised scientific works of many economists, the article identifies difficulties of planning and introduction of the function of accounting, economic and analytical provision. In the result of the study the article justifies a system approach to the issues of planning and introduction of the accounting function at enterprises. This approach considers the sub-system of accounting and analytical provision, on the one hand, as a component of the system of enterprise management and, on the other hand, as a single whole. That is why it is necessary to solve common problems, take into account all elements of the sub-system and their mutual influence upon each other and then to solve individual issues of creation of the sub-system of accounting and analytical provision. A necessary condition of this approach is a preliminary study of accounting functions at an enterprise and development of its main models. The prospect of further studies in this direction is identification of universal methods of creation of enterprise (associations) management systems and their use when planning and introducing the sub-system of accounting and analytical provision. The further development of accounting is capable of replacing the traditional accounting with a developed sub-system of accounting and analytical provision.Цель статьи заключается в разработке научно обоснованной методологии проектирования и внедрения подсистемы учётно-аналитического обеспечения в функционально развитых системах управления специального назначения промышленных предприятий и производственных объединений. В результате анализа, систематизации и обобщения научных трудов многих учёных-экономистов, были определены трудности проектирования и внедрения функции учётно-экономического и аналитического обеспечения. В результате проведенного исследования был обоснован системный подход к вопросам проектирования и внедрения функции бухгалтерского учёта на предприятиях. Этот подход рассматривает подсистему учётно-аналитического обеспечения, с одной стороны, как составную часть системы управления предприятием, а с другой – как единое целое. Поэтому сначала необходимо решение общих проблем, учёт всех элементов подсистемы и их взаимного влияния друг на друга, и только после этого – переход к решению отдельных частных вопросов создания подсистемы учётно-аналитического обеспечения. Необходимым условием такого подхода является предварительное исследование функции бухгалтерского учёта на предприятии и разработка основных его моделей. Перспективой дальнейших исследований в данном направлении является определение универсальных методов создания систем управления предприятиями (объединениями) и их использование при проектировании и внедрении подсистемы учётно-аналитического обеспечения. Дальнейшее развитие учёта способно привести к замещению традиционного бухгалтерского учёта развитой подсистемой учётно-аналитического обеспечения.

Comprehensively analyzed the various factors that affect the absorption of the students practical course in wrestling. The study involved 98 boys - 3rd year students of the Faculty of Physical Education, who begin the study of the course Combating and methods of teaching. Also, 32 students who are engaged in the struggle. The results of studies of anthropometric, physical, functional, ergonomics students. The input data for the factor analysis were the first 3-ranking figure, biomechanical, physical fitness and functional status, anthropometric. It is established that the content of the first most significant factors included biomechanical parameters that demonstrate the value of balance and coordination abilities of others.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the age-specific changes in the skin at the anterior forearm surface of the men based on the results of the examination of 100 masculine corpses at the age varying from 18 to 80 years with the application of the low invasive techniques. The ultrasonograms were used to identify the qualitative characteristics of each skin layer being visualized with special reference to the thickness and echogenic properties of dermis and epidermis. The following parameters of the age-related changes in the skin microrelief were considered to be of particular interest: Volume (the volume of skin irregularities), SR (skin roughness), SW (skin wrinkling), and SS (skin smoothness). The qualitative characteristics of the age-specific changes in the skin as well as the parameters of its relief recorded during the ultrasound scanning can be used to comprehensively evaluate its age-related condition for the purpose of determination of the biological age of non-identified individuals. The calculation of the squared coefficient of correlation between the age-specific parameters of the skin and their changes taking into consideration the autosolvability requirements made it possible to predict the subject's age with a mean error of around 2.22 years.

The development of methods of early detection of non-melanoma skin cancers, assessment of risk factors, including photoaging, by means of non-invasive techniques are the main research interests of modern dermato-oncology and gerontology. In our study we aim to investigate the range of clinical features of photoaging in 92 patients older than 50 years (50 patients had malignant epithelial skin tumors (actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma), to reveal risk factors for basal-cell carcinoma using adapted SCINEXA scale and to assess of the pathomorphological features of dermathoheliosis using reflectance confocal microscopy. The assessment of photoaging by means of SCINEXA with subsequent non-invasive evaluation using reflectance confocal microscopy allows to evaluate the cumulative effect of the ultraviolet irradiation on the skin with objective criteria. That algorithm is perspective in terms of early detection of the risk factors of non-melanoma skin cancers.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate the degradation of all types of collagens and other extracellular matrix components (elastin, proteoglycans, and laminin), their synthesis and accumulation play a key role in the hydrolysis of basement membrane. MMPs are involved in a wide range of proteolytic processes in the presence of different physiological and pathological changes, including inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis., Aim: to study the specific features of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression in different stages of skin photoaging, in the foci of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical examination., Material and Methods: 12 samples of the healthy skin (6 samples of the eyelid skin with Glogau grade II photoaging; 6 ones of eyelid skin with Glogau grades III-IV photoaging) and biopsies from 8 foci of actinic keratosis and from 8 ones of basal cell carcinoma were examined. A positive reaction to MMPs was shown as different brown staining intensity in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes/tumor cells., Results: MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was recorded in 67% of the histological specimens of the Glogau grade III photoaged skin and in 100% of those of Glogau grade IV. In the foci of actinic keratosis, the expression of MMP-1 was observed in 62.5% of cases and that of MMP-9 was seen in 87.5%. In basal cell carcinoma, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 was detected in all investigated samples., Conclusion: The immunomorphological findings are indicative of the important role of the level of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression that is associated with the degree of progression of skin photoaging processes. Minimal MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was recorded even in grades III-IV photoaging and in the foci of actinic keratosis. Intense MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was detected in malignant skin epithelial neoplasms as different clinicomorphological types of basal cell carcinoma.

The present review article is designed to analyse the current state-of-the-art in the field of diagnostics of the main morphological and functional parameters characterizing the involutional processes in the facial skin. The possibilities of the practical application of the available non-invasive methods for the evaluation of the age of the living people in the framework of the forensic medical identification expertise are considered. The main problems and vectors of the further development of methodological approaches to the determination of the biological age based on the results of the studies of skin and its appendages are discussed.

Aim: to analyze the efficacy of RFC (rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphan), FCM (fludarabine, cyclophosphan, and mitoxantrone), and FC (fludarabine and cyclophosphan) treatment programs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in an open-labeled comparative controlled investigation., Materials and Methods: The paper presents the authors' results of treatment in patients with progressive CLL in 2002 to 2007. The study included 229 patients, of them 78 patients received the RFC program, 72 had the FCM program, and 79 had the FC one., Results: With the use of RFC, a clinically significant therapeutic effect was obtained in 96% of the patients, a complete remission (CR) was in 80% of the primary patients and in 53% of the pretreated patients. When the FCM program was applied, a positive response was noted in 93% of the patients, CR was seen in 75 and 42% of the primary and pretreated patients, respectively. In the treatment of FC, the total effect was 80%, CR was in 41 and 14% of the primary and pretreated patients, respectively., Conclusion: Comparative analysis of an objective response to therapy has indicated that the effectiveness of the RFC significantly exceeds that of the FCM and FC programs, without enhancing toxicity, which allows he RFC regimen to be regarded as the program of choice in therapy for CLL.

Clinical studies revealed correlation of changes in anti-oxidative system and lipid peroxidation with peritonitis phases. The assessment of anti-oxidative system was used as an additional diagnostic and prognostic criterion for the disease. Data are presented in proof of efficiency of an ozone physiological solution included in combined treatment of acute peritonitis. Ozone therapy helped to normalize functioning of the anti-oxidative defensive system and thereby decrease the incidence of severe complications and fatal cases among patients with peritonitis.

The paper describes the results of comparatively analyzing the parameters of apoptosis, micro- and macroelement spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy donors and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis. In drug-responsive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, unidirectional pretreatment changes were generally recorded in the activity of apoptosis and the spectrum of chemical elements of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which were most pronounced after completion of a phase of intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy. After termination of a complete course of the therapy, apoptotic activity lowered with the cationic composition of cells being normalized. The parameters differentiating pulmonary tuberculosis from COPD were ascertained, these included increases in the count of apoptotic cells and the cell concentrations of Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+.

The study of polymorphic variants of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 genes from 61 patients with prostatic cancer (PC) has shown that incidence of 0/0 genotype GSTT1 and GSTM1 in PC patients was significantly higher of that in healthy men (n = 100) (34.4 and 15% in p = 0.007 and 60.7 and 43% in p = 0.04, respectively). PC risk in carriers of a GSTT1 deletion form was 2.97, CI95%--1.3-6.84, GSTM1--2.04 in CI95% 1.02-4.1. The analysis of combinations of pathological genotypes of xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes has demonstrated that 89.8% PC patients have a mutation in one of the genes GSTT1, GSTM1 or GSTP1.

Human fibroblasts contract collagen gel in vitro and produce a connective tissue-like structure termed the living skin equivalent. In this study, the contractile capacity of postnatal dermal fibroblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal cells and mesenchymal cells derived from the fat tissue has been compared to that of fetal dermal fibroblasts in the model of living skin equivalent. The results show that fetal fibroblasts contract the collagen gel approximately six times stronger than do all other fibroblast cell types, with the numbers of all these cells being equal. A deeper insight into the behavior of fibroblasts differing in their origin will help to develop new approaches to the treatment and regulation of wound healing and fibrosis formation.

Opisthorchis invasion is accompanied by the imbalanced lymphocytic subpopulational composition manifested itself as induction of the B-link and, on the contrary, depression of T-lymphocytic populations (CD4+, CD8+), with their weaker helper-suppressor association. The immunocompetent cells were ascertained to show a higher production of TH2 cytokines that had an eosinophil-stumulating effect.

It has been experimentally established that a single impact of carbon mono-oxide in concentration 4000 mg/m3 during 75 minutes (CL50) in rats is accompanied with disturbance of functional activities of blood red cells in the form of a decrease of deformability and an increase of aggregative capacity of erythrocytes which are most evident to the end of the first day after carbon mono-oxide administration. These changes are combined with structural modification and changes in metabolism of erythrocytic membrane. The signs of structural modification of erythrocytic membrane in rats exposed to acute effect of carbon mono-oxide in a mean lethal concentration stay long remaining during elimination of carboxyhemoglobinemia (up to 14-21 days).

The data of modem literature and the results of original investigations on mechanisms of immunopathological alterations in tuberculosis infection are presented. The role of cellular and humoral parts of immunity in pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis is discussed and cytokine-mediated mechanisms of disorders in a specific immune response are analysed.

The presented data indicate that the p63 gene is required for the commitment of epidermal stem cells in embryonic development. At the same time, p63 underlies many functions involved in the self-renewal of stem cells in the adult epidermis. Its expression provides for keratinocyte adhesion, inhibits apoptosis, and maintains the integrity of the epidermal tissue.

Immunopathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitides was studied by modern immunological, molecular, genetic methods. We revealed an imbalance in the production of immunoregulatory cytokines by mononuclear leukocytes (primarily of the Th2 type). The risk of progression and chronic course of viral hepatitides in Caucasian population was associated with alleles of promoter regions -330G and -592A in the IL-2 and IL-10 genes, respectively, as well as with the T/T genotype of the polymorphic region C590T in the IL-4 gene. The C/C genotype of the IL-10 gene promoter region C592A was shown to be a factor determining resistance to long-term persistence of hepatitis B and C viruses.

Polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 variant genes of phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics was studied in 181 patients with lung cancer. Null genotype frequency in cancer patients was higher than in healthy subjects. It was still higher in metastatic cancer disseminated to the regional lymph nodes as compared with localized tumor.

The structure, metabolic status, and functional properties of erythrocytes in patients with stage III-IV head and neck tumors in the course of antineoplastic cytostatic chemotherapy (platidiam, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate) were studied. In the course of this treatment, disorders of the morphology and functional state of erythrocytes (reduced dry mass, decreased content of sulfohydryl grups and lipoproteins, increased number of transformed cells and the cells with violated ultrastructure, enhanced reversible aggregation of erythrocytes) were retained or became more pronounced.

Examinations of the protein composition of erythrocyte membrane in patients with cancer of the stomach, large intestine and rectum by using the method of disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel revealed the changing contents of protein fractions, which consisted in a lower share of high-molecular polypeptides with, simultaneously, higher quantity of low-molecular peptides. A comparison of the studied parameters of the protein spectrum of erythrocyte membrane as observed in patients with cancer of the stomach, on the one hand, and in patients with tumors of the large intestine and rectum, on the other hand, led to defining the reliable difference only for the content of the fraction-5 proteins.

Twenty-five patients (males--11, females--14; aged 18 to 45) with chronic herpes virus infection relapsing at the time of clinical tests were examined, including investigations of the surface architectonics, the ability to blast-transformation and the metabolic status of peripheral-blood lymphocytes. Chronic herpes virus infection was found to be concurrent with changes of the percentage ratio of lymphocytes with the surface micro-patterns of different types, with a more intense activity of the immunity T-chain and with a changed nature of the intracellular metabolism of lymphocyte cells.

Using transmission electron microscopy, erythrocyte ultrastructure in norm and pathology was described. Among the morphological phenomena, most common were local and extensive erythrocyte plasmalemmal defects in the form of its loosening, thinning, consolidation and thickening, rupture, fragmentation, exfoliation from stroma with the formation of cavities. Plasmalemmal destruction may be accompanied with the formation of micro- and macroexovesicles, some of which lose the connection with the erythrocyte. Morphological signs of erythrocyte stromal disorganization included irregular distribution of hemoglobin granules with the formation of the regions of increased and decreased electron density, loosening of the internal structure up to the formation of cavities, as well as endovesicles, partially containing small or large osmiophilic particles. It was shown that in pathological processes of different genesis (malignant tumors, chronic bronchitis, burn trauma, schizophrenia) ultrastructural changes of erythrocytes have typical character.

Structural and metabolic statuses of erythrocytes were evaluated using cytophoto- and interferometry, fine-layer chromatography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrophoresis and fluorescent probing in 48 stomach cancer patients. Structural and metabolic disorders were detected in mature erythrocytes in patients with and without anemia. Changes in the structure and metabolism of peripheral blood erythrocytes taking place prior to quantitative changes were identified. Anemia development pathways were dependent on enhanced hemolysis of circulating erythrocytes and influx of immature cells from the bone marrow. The changing statuses of the membranes and metabolism appeared to play quite a role in erythrons being damaged by tumor process. Dysfunctional erythrocytes of stomach cancer patients need to be corrected by membrane-stabilizing and -repairing drugs.

A study of erythrocyte metabolism and membrane status has identified the structurally and metabolically deranged mature erythrocytes, both in anemic and anemia-free patients with stage III-IV lung cancer. Anemia incidence in non-small-cell lung cancer was significantly higher than in the small-cell lung cancer group.

To study characteristics of structural-metabolic status and function of erythrocytes in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB), the examination was made of 53 CB patients (39 male and 14 female). A complex study of morphofunctional state of peripheral erythron included investigation of protein and lipid composition, microviscosity of the lipid phase of erythrocyte membrane, surface architectonics, ultrastructure, reversible aggregation of red cells, concentrations of sulfhydric groups, lipoproteins and dry cell mass in erythrocytes. CB patients were found to have prominent defects in membrane structure and metabolism of mature red cells (reduced dry mass and concentration of sulfhydric groups and lipoproteins, abnormal protein composition and lipid membrane spectrum, increased viscosity of membrane lipid bilayer), alterations of surface architectonics, shape, ultrastructure of erythrocytes. Disorders in structural-metabolic status of erythrocytes in CB patients affected their functional features, the ability for reversible aggregation, in particular. Functional disturbances of erythrocytes in CB patients aggravate the course of the disease and need correction with membrane-stabilizing and membrane-repairing drugs.

Aim: To reveal the structural features of the red blood cell membrane in patients with prolonged persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)., Materials and Methods: 61 patients with moderate and mild chronic viral hepatitis B and C were examined. A control group comprised 22 healthy donors. Fluorescence of the red blood cell membrane was performed, by using the following probes: pyrene, phenylnaphthylamine, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate. The activity of the ion-transporting enzyme Na+, K(+)-ATPase was determined., Results: Increases in the microviscosity of the lipid bilayer, periprotein lipid environment, as well as the structural modification of the surface layers of the membrane were found in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. The activity of the membrane-bound enzyme Na+, K(+)-ATPase was statistically significantly decreased as compared with that in healthy donors., Conclusion: In HBV and HCV infection, the impairments of the red blood system are highly diversified: they involve bone marrow compartment of an erythron, as earlier shown, and its peripheral one. Molecular disorganization of the red blood cell membrane fails to present with obvious red blood cell dysfunctions. Despite the multifactorial property of their occurrence, impairments of the red blood system are mediated and corrected by many regulatory mechanisms at different organizational levels and may be compensated.

Mast cells, producing different cytokines, chemokines, proteases, vasoactive substances and other mediators, are multifunction cells which play an important role in physiological reactions, as well as in pathological situations. In the human heart mast cells have been identified at the site of sarcolemma, in perivascular tissue, tunica adventitia of vessels, and also in coronary atheroma. Heart mast cells have a number of immunological and functional features that make them distinct from other mast cells, the features are believed to be due to microenvironmental influences on phenotypic and cytochemical characteristics. Mast cells play complex and considerable role in development of different pathological processes in the heart. Surface receptors to lgE (Fc epsilon RI) and anaphylotoxine G5a determine their participation in development of systemic and cardiac anaphylactic reactions. Direct activation of heart mast cells by intravenously injected substances used in therapy and diagnostics can also result in development of anaphylactoid reactions. It was shown that quantity and density of mast cells is much higher in patients with atherosclerosis, myocarditis, ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy, than in humans without any cardiac pathology. Thus, the data allow to suggest that heart mast cells play an important role in regulation of a functional state of the myocardium both under normal and pathological conditions.

Derivatives of 2-amino-2-thiazoline exhibit muscarinomimetic properties in model experiments with isolated rat ileum. The activity of compounds strongly depends on the nature of substituents in 5-position of thiazoline ring. The most active spasmogenic compound is 5-iodomethyl-2-amino-2-thiazoline hydroiodide (EC50 = 13 +/- 2 microM). Its effect is very similar to activity of cholinergic agent pilocarpine (EC50 = 14 +/- 4 microM), but "intrinsic activity" parameter a (alpha = 0.87 +/- 0.12) of 5-iodomethyl-2-amino-2-thiazoline was more significant. Ileum contractions induced by this compounds were inhibited by atropine. Derivatives of 2-amino-2-thiazoline (like pilocarpine) were not demonstrated nicotinomimetic properties. These compounds demonstrate very weak anti-AChE activity. For 5-iodomethyl-2-amino-2-thiazoline hydroiodide the IC50 value is 0.39 +/- 0.09 mM.

The pharmacological approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were reviewed. Special attention was paid to the new therapeutic agents that are able to decrease plasma glucose levels. The possible mechanisms of the hypoglycemic effects are discussed. Briefly, repaginide, nateglinede and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors prevent postprandial hypoclycemia while thiazaolidinediones improve the sensitivity to insulin and vanadium compounds act as an insulin action enhancer.

The myelotoxicity and the hemopoiesis recovery effect of etoposide, an antitumor preparation of the podophyllotoxin group, were experimentally studied on mice. It was found that the main role in the hemopoiesis recovery after etoposide administration is related to accelerated proliferation and increased differentiation of the hemopoietic precursor cells.

The special comprehensive multidisciplinary programme for tuberculosis control was used as a basis for planning. The developed special comprehensive interdepartmental programme for tuberculosis control in the region is aimed at involving all services and departments in whom tuberculosis control should be a national, official, professional duty. A multidisciplinary approach to organizing and making antituberculous measures is especially required as antituberculous institutions have the shortest funds now. The programme has approved by the regional administration.