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Background. In modern conditions of digitalization of education and the spread of the digital format of reading, it becomes especially relevant to refer to the scientific heritage of Academician of the Russian Academy of Education G.G. Granik, in particular, to her concept of text comprehension. Objective. To analyze and summarize the results of the fundamental and practice-oriented research on the problem of text comprehension, carried out by G.G. Granik and her colleagues during forty years (1980–2020); to present a new empirical study of adolescents’ comprehension of text in the process of reading from paper and from screens. Methods. Methods include theoretical analysis and generalization of research results on the problem of text comprehension, carried out in the scientific school of G.G. Granik. In order to conduct the empirical study, the authors’ diagnostic toolkit was used, aimed at identifying the level of understanding of factual and conceptual textual information. Sample. The total sample consisted of 173 students in grades 7–8 of the secondary schools in the Moscow region. Results. It was found that students who read from paper demonstrate better diagnostic results than those who read from screen, however, the differences are statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). This may indicate that modern adolescents are rather quickly becoming better adapted to the digital format and the differences in reading from paper and from screen are gradually being erased. However, the level of understanding of a long and complex text remains quite low: almost half (49.7%) of the students were unable to formulate the main idea of the text, only 30.6% coped well with this task. Conclusion. Conceptual ideas about text comprehension, generated in the scientific school of G.G. Granik in relation to traditional paper reading have an undoubted development potential and can be used as the basis for research on digital reading.

The article presents a historiographic review of "Siberia: XX Century". This interuniversity collection of research papers was published in Kemerovo in 1997–2007. Based on standard research methods and special historical and historiographic principles, the authors analyzed the periodical as a complex historiographic source. The quantitative analysis made it possible to calculate the ratio of the special issues, to assess the editorial board and authors, to describe the research subjects, etc. The semantic analysis was based on the content analysis, which also revealed to what degree the authors of the journal participated in the historical discourse. The paper features retrospective and prospective analyzes of the main research works of the leading Siberian scientists published in "Siberia: XX Century". The research objective was to identify the patterns of the current historiographic situation based on the state of knowledge of the key historical processes in Siberia.

New Ukrainian and world realities set new tasks for the higher educational establishments, which are related to the search for new, modern methods that allow to increase the effectiveness of training. Currently, topical are the issues of not only professional but also the personal development of the student forming the priority in the implementation of educational activities in universities, preparation for future professional activities, as well as for successful interaction in society. The concept of «individual social competence» is an important factor in creating a system of educational process which takes into account aspects of professional development, and at the same time the peculiarities of the formation of the student personality. The author analyses the concept of «competence», considers the key competences for lifelong learning, identified by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, including social competence, studies the scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, including G. Gedviliene, H. S. Han, K. M. Kemple, U.P. Kanning, M. Horenburg, G.W. Ladd, H. K. Ma, K. Monahan, M. Monnier, O.V. Varetska, N.I. Hlebova, D.V. Hubareva, O.I. Hura, M.O. Doktorovych, I.B. Zarubinska, O.O. Subina, V.M. Shakhrai. They explored different aspects of social competence of different age categories. The author concludes that, despite different interpretations, all scientists agree that social competence is an acquired skill, it can be formed and developed throughout life. It was also determined that the developed social competence determines the status of the individual in society, it affects the success in professional activities. The high level of social competence allows a person not only to be realized in professional activities, but also to influence the processes in society, which in turn determines its stability. The author’s definition of the concept of «individual social competence» is given in the paper; the author concludes that social competence is an integrated ability that contains other competencies: spiritual, civic, communicative, linguistic; the concept of social competence is closely related to professional competence, without the successful interaction of the individual with society it is impossible to acquire the skills and abilities inherent in a qualified specialist. Thus, an important task for modern higher education is the formation and development of social competence of students, which is the key to successful implementation of the future specialist in professional activities. The educational process should be aimed at forming a system of knowledge about interaction in society, understanding the system of social values, ability to cooperate in society, the ability to communicate constructively, because only a socially competent person can.

The content of the article up consists in methodological reflections about general principles of experimenting in linguistics on the whole and in Russian linguistics in particular. In this regard the article deals with the studies which are within the tradition starting in the works of I. A. Baudeuine de Courtenay, L. V. Sherba and other linguists who thought the address to the language consciousness (language feeling) to give the relevant information about the language itself. The other line is the reflection over axiomatization and absolutization of this principle in modern anthropocentric linguistics. Though these two lines present different subjects coming from different sources and different research presumptions, they are put in close connection and interrelation. In conclusion, the author states that a full and deep view of language cannot be created without studies based on the other contrary presumption.

The paper sums up the experimental linguistic research of Russian words and texts carried out by the group of Western Siberia linguists under the supervision of the author of this paper. The experiments were based on different materials, they used different forms and ways of experimenting. The paper presents the attempt of realizing and reflecting their set as some entity united by the main principles of making experiments and peculiarities of their realization in hindsight. The paper presents two directions: methodical and methodological. The first direction, presented in Paper 1, consists in the collection and systematization of the positive experience of particular experimenting. As a result of its realization the following principles of experimenting are pointed out and described: word inclusion into the context; seriality; paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization; approximation of the experimental situation to the real speech situations. According to the author, such generalizations can be useful for other researchers to conduct similar experiments.

The paper is the third part of the author’s publications cycle devoted to professional stability of future teachers. The paper deals with the analysis of one of the approaches to professional consistency of a teacher and its constituent elements (such as motivational, emotional, cognitive, professional-pedagogical and others).The paper touches upon the analysis of the reason for mixing the concepts ‘stability’ and ‘consistency’ in the scientific literature and their synonymous use; the concept ‘stability’ is studied in the field of the sciences that do not identify‘stability’ as ‘consistency’, but use them independently of each other (particularly, sociology, ecology).

This paper is the first part of the author’s publications cycle devoted to professional stability of future teachers. The article deals with analyzing the essence of the notion of stability/consistency from the position of various sciences: philosophy, mechanics, mathematics, cybernetics, physics, sociology, ecology, psychology. Stability/consistency is considered as a characteristic feature of objects, mechanical and natural systems and their conditions, as a personal characteristic.

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The article presents the results of an analysis of verbal data obtained when people compared images of emotional expressions of different intensities. The assumption is confirmed that the perceived quality of the same expression (in accordance with the categorization given in Ekman’s papers), but with different degrees of its severity, can reflect the perception of different objects. This assumption turned out to be true for both facial and affective verbal portraits - empirical referents of the perceived quality of expressions. The results obtained confirm the conclusion made in previous works that the comparison of data on the perceived quality of expressions and their list presented in Ekman’s papers is not completely legitimate, since we are not talking about the perception of the corresponding image, but about performing the task of identifying a specific expression. Accordingly, in the first case, the result is characteristics of perceived quality, in the aggregate of which the sign of a given expression will not necessarily come to the fore. In the second case, the image is assessed by the researcher himself based on data on the degree to which the subject recognizes the expression, the content of which is specified by the instructions.

This paper discusses the measurement invariance of assessment instruments. The purpose of measurement invariance testing is to assess the extent to which a measured construct has comparable meaning across different groups or measurement points, to ensure that comparisons of these groups or measures to each other are appropriate. The paper provides an overview of recent and classic papers discussing conceptual and methodological aspects of invariance testing. Specific focus is placed on the available data on invariance testing for the assessments of cognitive and language abilities, and on the significance of invariance for the accurate assessment of individual and between-group differences. Finally, current approaches to invariance testing within structural equation modelling and item response theory are discussed. This paper may serve as an introduction to the concept of measurement invariance. It will be useful to readers interested in improving the quality of measurement instruments and making more reliable inferences about psychological phenomena.

The article investigates the influence of subjective beliefs about one's efficiency on the results of sensorimotor activity through experimental studies using size illusions. Sensorimotor learning is a process of increasing the efficiency of activity as it is practised. It involves a two-way relationship between performance expectations and performance outcomes. Performance expectations are subjective beliefs about the likely success of a particular task. Visual illusions are often used to investigate this relationship. Illusorily larger targets are perceived as easier compared to illusorily smaller ones; as a consequence, subjects are more efficient at hitting targets that appear easier to them. However, results that do not fit the model are still observed. The paper proposes an explanation for the inconsistent results by a possible "failure" in a three-level mechanism involving replication of the size illusion, perception of targets as different in difficulty, and changing performance prediction according to difficulty. The paper analyses the design and results of 18 experimental studies conducted from 2012 to 2023 and suggests possible modifications of the experimental paradigms at each of the three levels of the mechanism of the effect of performance prediction on sensorimotor activity.

This paper reviews the experiences of researchers from Western and Eastern countries, including the USA, Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, China, and others, in studying internalized disorders in children and adolescents. The diversity of countries with different public health systems in the review broadened the perspective on a diagnostic paradigm based on the transdiagnostic model of mental disorder classification. The paper examines various approaches to conceptualizing internalizing disorders in overseas research. It introduces the concept of "internalized disorders" and contrasts it with "externalized disorders", with a focus on the symptoms, diagnosis, and interventions for internalized disorders in childhood and adolescence. It also presents data on the epidemiology and aetiology of internalized disorders, analyzing their prevalence in populations, which vary by age, gender, and region of residence. The paper also includes a discussion on the comorbidity of internalized disorders in children and adolescents. This scope of information provides a comprehensive understanding of the essence of "internalized disorders" and their key characteristics, creating a foundation for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in national psychological practice.

This paper calls for the creation of specialized therapy that focuses on Women's Health within the context of Positive Psychotherapy. Often, women's mental health needs are overlooked in current mental health care systems, making it clear that there is a need for therapeutic approaches that take into account the intersection of gender and other important factors. By combining the principles of Positive Psychotherapy with a focus on Women's Health, this paper suggests a comprehensive and empowering framework for tackling women's mental health issues. The paper delves into the background of women's mental health needs and identifies the gaps in the existing mental health care systems. It highlights how crucial it is to have specialized treatments that understand and address the unique needs and experiences of women. It also calls for training more specialists in Women's Health and Positive Psychotherapy to bridge the gap in gender-specific mental health services.

This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of project-based learning in teaching English for specific purposes, particularly in technical universities within the energy sector. A number of methods helped to achieve this task. They include establishing the practical value of ESP for the energy sector and designing special methodology and training forms according to the tasks of the discipline. Our approach focuses on developing language skills by applying speaking abilities in practice in real-life situations that can facilitate learning English in a professional context. In this article, we examine two crucial components of project work: role-play and case study. These activities facilitate collaboration, communication, and problem-solving skills. Such kinds of projects help students expand their vocabulary and reinforce its usage in spoken English. Furthermore, presenting their findings and conclusions before their peers and teachers enhances their public speaking and presentation abilities. This paper advocates the use of project-based learning as a powerful tool for creating an immersive and meaningful language-learning experience. It showcases practical scenarios that students can simulate to enhance their learning experience. It also delves into the essential guidelines to ensure the success of this immersive teaching approach. In this paper, we provide a specific case study tailored for students in the energy sector, namely wind power integration in Ukraine. We detail the key stages of the implementation, the aims, and the critical highlights of this methodology. In the initial phase, the instructor should familiarize the students with new vocabulary and terminologies that are relevant to the renewable energy domain. It is recommended that students use industry-specific language in their discussions to augment their comprehension of the domain. This approach will help them build a solid foundation of the terminologies and lingo that are commonly employed in the renewable energy sector. The assignment objective is to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of wind power as a renewable energy source in Ukraine, its prospects, and its feasibility. To accomplish this task, students must explore the intricacies of the project’s technological challenges, as well as its economic impact and public perception. Furthermore, students must analyse communication strategies that have been utilized to influence public opinion, while considering the potential environmental impacts and anticipating sustainability project outcomes. For students to excel in this assignment, they must conduct thorough research and thoughtfully organize their findings. They must also evaluate all options, consider potential solutions, and justify their choices. Finally, students will be required to present their findings to the class in a polished and engaging manner. The presentation is expected to finish with group discussions. Following presentations and group discussions, students are encouraged to provide constructive feedback to their peers. This activity not only enhances their speaking skills but also promotes active listening and develops communication skills. In conclusion, to augment project work, elements such as role-play and case study methods can be integrated into ESP learning. Conclusions. This approach provides students in the energy sector with valuable insights into the challenges and dynamics of their industry while simultaneously enhancing their speaking skills. Teachers can supplement project work with multimedia resources such as videos, interviews, or documentaries related to the energy sector, which can add variety to the learning process and expose students to different accents and communication styles.

When we talk about a difficult person we usually mean special "thick heads", simple, stubborn, stupid with whom no mental and social understanding can be achieved. Such a difficult person, familiar to ordinary psychology, is almost always in opposition with other people. In this case psychology's preoccupation with the nature of the difficult man is cut down by the intervention of medicine for it is clear that the irremediable spirit of opposition must be related to pathology. Diagnosis here is easy and absolute. This is the element of the crude reason of the mentally and spiritually underdeveloped man who is at the same time searching for the social application of his nature. Unfortunately however only the obvious "thick heads" who "do not understand anything" cannot be isolated in this category. And we cannot entertain any illusions that we can immediately pick out the difficult man by the anthropological marks on his head or by the remarks in his school papers. If that is the case social harmony would probably be very grateful to be able in this way to clinically recognize the spirit of the difficult person and thereby intercept that person's social communication. Unfortunately, the element of "toughness" too often retroacts precisely in the fortress of apparently positive characters, hiding there from clinical observation under the shadow of some adherence to principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War brings destruction in the broader sense, forcing millions to flee their homes, and resulting in an increased burden of depression, anxiety, PTSD and other mental and behavioral disorders. This burden grows even more in the framework of pandemics and natural disasters, as social and protection services experience crisis of resources. Providing one-to-one mental health care is no longer feasible for masses of refugee and internally displaced children and adults who need support, and, as a result, the need to have increasing numbers of mental health specialists who intervene in groups becomes more and more emergent. The paper reviews the Positum MGS approach to work with groups of children and adults in refugee settings, and not only, suggests the ‘Positum MGS coaching protocol’ within the framework of group Positive Psychotherapy (PPT after Peseschkian, since 1977)TM. Empirically supported and demonstrated by a case in the paper, the protocol being applied by a Positum MGS trainer or team of trainers, during an in-person training of 4-5 days, helps trainees greatly in learning to use psychosocial transcultural games and related techniques as resilience-building tools with groups of children, adolescents or adults. Either in the position of PPT trainers, psychotherapists, consultants or students, the participants in a Positum MGS core training and coaching or PPT training at basic or master levels with a focus of working with groups, can be supported through the suggested coaching protocol and questions in line with the 5-stage consultation of PPT.

The present paper focuses on the undergraduate preparation of future teachers in the context of reading literacy. The paper consists of a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes and defines the basic concepts closely related to the topic, including undergraduate preparation of future teachers, reading literacy, etc. The empirical part describes an analysis of the current study programs at the Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic. The objective of the present paper was to analyse the study programs and perform a comparison with expiring study programs aimed at reading literacy. The authors performed a qualitative research study to answer whether undergraduate preparation of future teachers at Palacký University Olomouc in the context of reading literacy is sufficient and if study plans of educational programs reflect the requirements of pedagogical practice. The research was performed using document analysis. Secondary document analysis refers to data already collected (Donnellan, Lucas, 2013). According to Hendl (2005), the purpose of qualitative analysis is non-numerical data organisation in order to reveal topics, regularity, relationships, and quality. In this context, the term non-numeric applies not only to the data but also to data handling. According to the preliminary research, a relatively large proportion of future teachers lack practical teacher training aimed at subject-specific didactics, which is also based on reading literacy. Due to the ongoing pandemic in COVID-19, it was necessary to respond to the methods and forms of work to develop reading literacy through distance learning. The authors of the present paper believed it was essential to analyse the study programs in the context of reading literacy and answer the question of whether undergraduate preparation of future teachers is sufficient and if study plans of educational programs reflect the requirements of pedagogical practice in terms of reading literacy, using the content mentioned above analysis of documents. It followed from the results of the research investigation that the study plans of the educational programmes reflect the requirements of educational practice. Even though we have described the facts in the contribution, we believe that the reading literacy development issue is paid sufficient attention to based on the analysis of study plans in teaching for the 1st stage of primary school. Although the term “reading literacy” is mentioned in the curricular documents FEP PE only marginally, in the study plans for future primary school teachers, the term “reading literacy” appears in several disciplines. It is undoubtedly debatable to what extent the above disciplines will respond to reading literacy development in students. Judging by the content of the plans, their purpose is to provide future teachers with the competencies that support the development of reading literacy in primary school children following pre-literacy in pre-primary education. The disciplines are purely of a didactic focus because they appear in the third grade of study and higher grades after the students have completed relevant theoretical preparation.

Background. In the article, the review of international special literature is exposed. The paper is dedicated to the concept of demoralization, which is an under-investigated realm in Russian psychological science. The notion of demoralization is applied in clinical psychologist practice, in order to make a holistic description of people’s complex of emotional struggle experience in different somatic nosology types, which may be connected to death hazard, for both inward and outward patients. The introduction of this concept is important for differential diagnosis and the selection of appropriate medication, psychotherapeutic and social-psychological support and follow-up measures. Objective. The aim is to define demoralization concept and its practical application referring to clinical psychologist practice with patients having different types of somatic disease. Results. Grounded on the analysis of international understanding of demoralization concept in clinical practice, the notion of demoralization as a holistic phenomenon having its specific content was established. It is shown, that diagnostic clues are distinct as compared to other notions. The paper presents demoralization concept as a significant one for clinical psychologist and psychiatrist, working with severely ill patients with death hazard. Conclusion. Difficult life circumstances, resulted from severe somatic disease, raise the problem of life and death. Demoralization can be understood as a state generated by actual crisis conditions of human existence in a particular situation and expressed in the subjective experience of failure to overcome it. Disclosure of specific features characteristic of the phenomenon of demoralization contributes to a deeper understanding of the content of psychological experiences in severely ill patients at risk for life. This allows to outline and implement more appropriate and targeted tactics of psychotherapeutic interventions.

The paper presents a review of foreign studies on social and psychopathological consequences of self-objectification. The chief provisions of self-objectification theory, which is briefly discussed in the paper, includes the subject’s disposition to regard one’s body from the point of view of an external spectator, when one’s value is defined solely by one’s physical attractiveness in the eyes of others (B. Fredrickson, T. Roberts). Social networks are considered the ever-growing source of objectification and self-objectification due to the high popularity of sexualized content and the wide spread of selfie posting, which urges girls and women to regard their bodies from the point of view of the outside observer. The paper describes the consequences of self-objectification for mental health. Self-objectification is closely linked to body image disturbances, body shame, guilt, low self-esteem, appearance-related worry and emotional problems. It also has an impact on the emergence and persistence of eating disorders, depression, and suicidal and self-injurious behaviors. Self-objectification is more pronounced in women due to sexualizing beliefs about female bodies that are highly prevalent in modern society. Women start to evaluate their bodies and their attractiveness in the eyes of others early in their lives, and it often happens to the detriment of their own experiences and needs.

The training of specialists in artistic higher education institutions should be conducted using modern methods, technologies, and developments and be oriented towards a modern audience, but at the same time, training should be based on established principles and views that have been tested by time. Les Kurbas is a personality whose views and principles of acting and directing can be a guide for contemporary artists, and therefore they should be used in the professional training of students of theatre and film education. The purpose of this paper was to cover the aspects of training future specialists in higher education institutions based on Les Kurbas’s directing craft. To fulfil this purpose, the following research methods were used: biographical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison, method of abstraction, method of analogy, methods of deduction and induction. The paper covered the foundations of Les Kurbas’s directing craft and its influence on the development of modern theatre and directing, compared his principles and views with those of contemporary artists. The paper revealed the role of Les Kurbas and his work in preserving the identity of Ukrainian theatre and cinema and in the development of Ukrainian culture. A parallel was drawn between modern approaches to training future specialists and the foundations of Les Kurbas’s directing craft. The conclusion was made on the expediency of using the basics of Les Kurbas’s directing craft in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The paper described the specific features of using the basics of Les Kurbas’s directing craft in the preparation of future specialists for professional activity and provided recommendations for their implementation in the educational process. The results of this paper can be used by teachers of artistic higher education institutions when developing lecture materials and special courses, as well as by students for self-improvement and work on themselves and their professional skills, which underlies the successful development of Ukrainian theatre and cinema.

Why traditional games and how to transform them into powerful psycho-social and holistic instruments in Positive Group Therapy? The paper aims at looking at the space that Positive Transcultural Psychotherapy [PPT after N. Peseschkian, since 1977]TM can provide for the Positum MGS approach in utilizing traditional and transcultural games with a psycho-social aim in groups. Pandemics, wars and natural disasters such as earthquakes – among many other traumatic events – can result in forced displacement and migration for masses of populations, including children, and have severe consequences in the holistic health of affected people. The paper looks at the foundations of Positive Group Therapy, its interaction with the Positum MGS approach within it, and the value they can create for healing trauma in groups when integrating such tools as traditional games. The paper analised the research and practice in the field, demonstrating the great value of traditional and transcultural games in strengthening the identity and sense of belonging, as key resources for building resilience for individuals in groups and through group work sparked by traditional games transformed into psycho-social ones. The features, principles and strategies of the Positum MGS approach within the framework of PPT are further explained, and cases of practical application from recent years are discussed in the light of theoretical concepts of Positum MGS and PPT.

This study considers TED talks as an effective authentic resource for mastering English. The purpose of the article is to outline a methodology for using TED talks in teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) at the university level. To achieve this goal, we set the following objectives: to introduce and describe the steps of utilizing TED talks, as well as provide examples to each step. We applied a number of methods which helped to fulfil the task of the paper. They include establishing the cognitive and educational value of ESP and its place in the system of university education; defining the tasks and its content of the discipline; developing methodical means and organizational forms of training according to these tasks and content. TED talks are informative presentations delivered by experts in their fields. They provide a great opportunity for language teachers to incorporate authentic listening and speaking tasks in their teaching methods. A welldesigned lesson plan that utilizes TED talks as a teaching tool can benefit ESP students in various ways. The methodology of incorporating TED talks in the teaching process should involve a series of steps that aim to maximize effective learning outcomes. These steps include selecting the theme of the talk, searching the TED talk, delivering the speech, designing pre-listening and post-listening activities. The article presents examples of exercises that can be done at each step with reference to specific TED talks from the site https:// ed.ted.com. The first step ensures that the chosen TED talks are suitable and engaging. Teachers can provide students with choices and allow them to vote. The aim of the second step is to support students’ understanding of the TED talk. The third step develops listening comprehension skills. The fourth step engages and promotes students’ active listening skills. The fifth step helps to develop skills of discourse analysis. The video content that the teacher chooses for the lesson should correspond to the professional interests of students. In such a way this video will be able to increase the motivation to study not only a foreign language but also specialized disciplines. The work with TED talks, however, differs from ordinary academic lectures and presentations. Thus, it requires special training of both the teacher and students. Firstly, students` level of English is an important factor defining the choice of a lecture. The teacher considers the level of listening skills, knowledge of the topic, and terminology. Secondly, it is important to take into account the duration of the presentation. If students are not familiar with the topic, they can have some difficulties with comprehension. Therefore, they will need to listen to the lecture twice. So, the preferable length of the video should be about 5-6 minutes. Incorporating TED talks as a teaching tool in English for Specific Purposes can be a highly effective way of promoting active learning in the classroom. TED talks are a source of authentic and relevant topics for students to engage in while providing a more enjoyable and efficient way of learning. The methodology of using videos from the resource has clear benefits. They include improving comprehension skills, vocabulary acquisition, note-taking, and speaking skills. By following the steps mentioned in this paper, lecturers can deliver enriching, pedagogical sessions that will provide students with a foundation to become successful professionals in their respective fields.

The issue of the relationships between anxiety and aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been dealt with in this article. The relevance of the chosen topic is beyond doubt, since social problems based on psychological factors are especially relevant during the war. It is substantiated that a change in the usual living conditions leads to a significant increase in anxiety and aggressiveness among women. In this paper, the attention is paid specifically to the study of anxiety and manifestation of aggressiveness by women who are in war conditions. It is worth noting that currently in the psychological and social literature, the number of publications about the problem of anxiety is increasing, since anxiety occupies a special place, as it often leads to a decrease in work capacity, productivity, difficulties in communication, etc. It has been found out that the level of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive women’s behaviour in the war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. The results of the analysis and generalization of scientific sources are presented in this paper. It has been identified that the problem of anxiety and aggressiveness is one of the topical issues of modern psychology. The need for timely identification and work with the anxiety, anxious behaviour and aggressiveness of women in war conditions and after military aggression has been emphasized. The analysis of the questionnaire conducted among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been carried out, and the degree of their influence on women’s daily lives and life activities in war time has been determined. The purpose of this work is theoretical substantiation and empirical study of the specific of the relationships between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressive behaviour of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The object of this study is the anxiety of Ukrainian women in war conditions, whereas the subject of this study is the character of the relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The conceptual hypothesis of this research lies in the assumption of the presence of significant relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions, and it has been fully confirmed. Considering the influence of war conditions on the anxiety and aggressiveness of Ukrainian women, the relationship between the mentioned psychological categories has been claimed. It has been revealed that the state of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive behaviour of women in war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. According to the results of this study, there have been identified those significant relationships between indicators of anxiety and certain forms of aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions. It is substantiated that the high level of manifestation of anxiety is caused by certain psychological features. It has been found out that the increase in the level of anxiety, indicators of family anxiety and anxious behaviour is associated with an increase in the level of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used by employees of psychological services, practical psychologists during counselling at various stages of psychotherapeutic work with women in war conditions.

Despite the fact that the development and course of various types of eating disorders, and therefore their treatment, largely depend on the typological characteristics of patients, this aspect has been understudied. The purpose of the study is to review the problem of providing psychological assistance to eating disorder patients with various typological features. Using methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison, the paper emphasises the importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in providing psychotherapeutic care. Patients with certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, the need for control, and impulsivity, have been found to be prone to eating disorders, while these typological personality traits, along with many others, have been shown to help build treatment strategies for anorexia nervosa, compulsive overeating, and bulimia nervosa. The analysis showed that there are traits specific to certain eating disorders that can be reinforced in overcoming food addiction. The influence of personal characteristics on the choice of psychotherapy strategy and the possibility of forming psychotherapeutic relationships are covered. The importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in the provision of psychotherapeutic care is revealed. To enhance the effectiveness of selecting a psychotherapeutic care strategy and establishing psychotherapeutic relationships, this paper summarises the primary personal characteristics associated with different types of eating disorders. Attention is paid to typical behavioural manifestations in the presence of one of the types of eating disorders. The main prerequisites for the development of a personality prone to dependent behaviour are substantiated. The central perspective on the role of the family in the development of an eating disorder is established. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the findings to expand the understanding of the typological features of patients with food addiction to provide effective psychotherapeutic care.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the transience of changes in the social surrounding requires dynamism and competitiveness from a person, which forces the individual to actively transform the emotional regulation of behaviour, in particular in communication and relationships. However, the adaptive capabilities of a person who is characterised by increased sensitivity to frustration and persistent distrust of others can be considerably limited, and therefore maintaining the mental health of people at risk has become an urgent issue. The purpose of the study is to determine the basis on which character anomalies are formed, to uncover the cause-and-effect relationships in the issue of the development of mental disorders, and to identify possible ways to overcome complications in relationships with the surroundings caused by disturbances in mental activity. At the core of the theoretical and methodological approach lies the combination of methods involving structural-functional analysis of the issue of forming a paranoid personality type and an analytical investigation of the psychological support methods for neuro-mental disorders that affect individual behavioural self-regulation. The empirical basis of the study is questionnaires and diagnostics of the mental states of people prone to personality disorders. The paper clarifies the causes and features of the development of paranoid mental anomalies and the possibilities of prevention and correction of such mental disorders. The presented results reflect the problem of the adaptive capabilities of people with congenital or acquired pathological conditions of the psyche. The paper covers the issues of interaction with the paranoid personality type socially. The most popular concepts of providing psychological assistance are considered. The correctness of the assumption that it is much more difficult for people with a paranoid personality type to cope with frustration and adapt to society is analysed. The results obtained are of practical value for social workers who are engaged in identifying mental health disorders of people at risk and predicting deviant behavioural responses, for practical psychologists who support people with a paranoid personality type, in particular through psychotherapy.

Introduction. This paper addresses health issues of the modern young generation and introduces new experimental designs to examine the relationship between health and the most preferred coping strategies of young people, which can enable a broader study of the issue of health protection through the development of conscious and rational behaviors, including in stressful situations. The paper presents an analysis of the concept of health from the interdisciplinary perspective. The focus is on the necessity of considering a single sociopsychological aspect of health, including its somatic, social, and personal levels. Stress affects human health and stress resistance helps maintain mental and physical health. Methods. The experimental study aimed to identify the characteristics of coping behaviors of young men and women with different health levels. The study sample comprised male and female students of Bunin Yelets State University (N = 540, mean age of 20 ± 2.3 years). The study used (a) the questionnaire to identify the level of health and (b) the Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus modified by T. L. Kryukova, E. V. Kuftyak, and M. S. Zamyshlyaeva. The statistical analysis of the results was carried out using descriptive statistics (frequency analysis, analysis of ingroup mean values and standard deviations), Pearson’s chi-square test, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The results of the study indicated that young men and women with different health levels use different coping forms. Young women with health problems use productive coping more often than young men. The higher the level of health of young men, the more likely they are to use productive coping. Discussion. The study shows that the negative experiences of young women associated with the symptoms of chronic diseases enabled female respondents to adapt better to stressful situations associated with health losses. At the same time, health losses as stress factors affect the level of constructiveness in choosing models of behavior for young men and women.

BACKGROUND: The aging of the worlds population leads to an increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, including cognitive impairment. At the stage of dementia, therapeutic interventions become usually ineffective. Therefore, researchers and clinical practitioners today are looking for methods that allow for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, including techniques that are based on the use of biological markers. AIM: The aim of this literature review is to delve into scientific papers that are centered on modern laboratory tests for Alzheimers disease, including tests for biological markers at the early stages of cognitive impairment. METHODS: The authors have carried out a descriptive review of scientific papers published from 2015 to 2023. Studies that are included in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was used to summarized the gleaned information. RESULTS: Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their use, are reviewed. The most promising neurotrophic, neuroinflammatory, and genetic markers, including polygenic risk models, are also discussed. CONCLUSION: The use of biomarkers in clinical practice will contribute to the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimers disease. Genetic screening tests can improve the detection threshold of preclinical abnormalities in the absence of obvious symptoms of cognitive decline. The active use of biomarkers in clinical practice, in combination with genetic screening for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Alzheimers disease, can improve the timeliness and effectiveness of medical interventions.

The article presents an overview of researches on the impact of risk and protection factors on the professional resilience of specialists in the helping professions which were published over the last five years. In the analysis of the international literature, several main trends in the study of the phenomenon of professional resilience of specialists in the helping professions (SHP) are presented. In particular, the consequences of the pandemic are considered as risk factor for the SHP resilience. It is noted that most of the research papers on professional resilience are devoted to SHP in the field of social work and medicine (nurses, doctors), less - to psychologists and psychotherapists. A number of the papers concern the peculiarities of the formation of professional resilience among students studying these specialties. The protection factors and some components of professional resilience, in particular, "spirituality", are presented in more details. Among risk factors, the phenomenon of compassion fatigue is analyzed, as specific for SHP. Among the protection factors the phenomenon of warmth and competence is parsed. The article briefly describes several tests designed to measure professional resilience, as well as programs aimed at improving the SHP resilience.

The paper discusses the results of an empirical study of the motivation and self-control characteristics in cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs university at different stages of training. The theoretical basis of the paper is research analysis of different works made by different authors, confirming the polymotivation and dynamism of motivational characteristics in the process of carrying out educational and professional activities. The study involved 118 cadets of The Vladimir Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at all stages of training (aged from 17 to 22 years). To collect empirical data, the following methods were used: “Scale of academic motivation” (authors T.O. Gordeeva, O.A. Sychev, E.N. Osin); questionnaire of volitional self-control (authors A.G. Zverkov, E.V. Eidman). The results of the study showed statistically significant differences in the intensity of educational and professional motivation and self-control at different stages of training. The results obtained can be used to optimize the process and quality of training of future law enforcement officers.

Our focus in this paper is the discussion of the body as an object of research in the theory of social representations, which determines the aim of the theoretical and analytical study. The body is an inherently complex and polymorphous object that lies at the intersection of a number of diverse dimensions (biological-social; body-mind; individual-social etc.). The proposed analysis of empirical facts concerning the social representations of the body obtained within the framework of social representation theory gives us grounds to draw a rather paradoxical conclusion: the social representation theory postulates importance of the body as an object of social representations, privileges this topic for the theory of social representations, specificity of the body as an object of social representations. On the other hand, there are relatively few studies devoted to the study of social perceptions of the body, with such elements as health and beauty turning out to be the key elements around which they crystallize. The paper outlines the lines of further analysis of social perceptions, taking into account the phenomenon of the “mute zone” of social representations.

The professional activity of a specialist in modern society is primarily determined by their ability to make competent information interactions. Definitely, information is one of the main resources for the scientific, technical and socio-economic development of society. It plays an important role in the process of educational space modernization where the formation of the ability to find, analyse and process this information takes on special importance, requiring the development of innovative approaches to the research competence shaping future Ph.Ds. in their postgraduate studies. The article is aimed at substantiation of methodological approaches to solving the problem of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy during postgraduate studies. The objectives of the paper are to define the meaning of the basic component of the article – “approach”, to analyse the fundamental approaches that provide building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy as well as to substantiate the expediency of their use. Complex methods for solving the problems of a scientific paper have been used, including theoretical analysis and synthesis of ideas, results, theoretical statements (explained in scientific literature), generalization and systematization of the results of available investigations of the highlighted issue. Study results. The modern educational system focuses on building future specialists’ competence as a result of their readiness and ability to solve educational problems and carry out research activities. The present paper is devoted to the problem of training future Doctors of Philosophy during postgraduate studies because the transmission to new educational standards significantly increased the relevance of the problem of building research competence that determines a lecturer’s ability to investigate, plan and organize his /her work effectively to achieve the predicted result. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical studies established the conceptual core of methodological approaches to building future specialist’s competence during postgraduate studies. In order to have the holistic view of research competence, its structure and meaning, as well as the laws of its development in relation to future Doctors of Philosophy, fundamental methodological approaches have been systematized, namely acmeological, systemic, cluster, personality-oriented, technological, axiological, competence-based, praxiological, facilitative, participatory, synergistic, meta-subject, and hermeneutic ones. Taking into account the development of new standards and the features of educational paradigms that provide the effectiveness of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy, the above mentioned complex approaches have been considered as basic and optimal ones. The analysis of best practices clearly shows that there is no common vision of the principles of combining methodological approaches in solving the issue of building research competence. The article presents the experience of combining methodological approaches in solving the issue of building research competence based on the principle of mean full dominants. The author has found out that the use of these approaches will provide the successful process of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy, their ability to create fundamental scientific developments focused on the shaping of educational space that will develop and improve the personality qualities of future Doctors of Philosophy for successful self-realization.

The paper at issue presents the social functioning of Polish female forms of occupational names (feminativa), as well as their role in the process of sex education, also in relation to perpetration of gender stereotypes. In the first part of the paper, a summary of the historical changes in the usage of feminativa is provided. Next, the usage of feminativa is described in relation to the theoretical basis of sex education, including the development of behavioral patterns. The analysis of linguistic, psychological and psychosexual factors enabled the Authors to show the impact of language on the perception of reality and of the subject’s place within the surrounding environment. Moreover, the Authors conducted the analysis of the role of feminativa in identity construction and in gender discrimination prevention. The paper at issue presents the cultural contexts of language use and its importance for the wellbeing of an individual. Additionally, the paper shows the basis of treating inclusive language as a form of support of the psychological and psychosexual development.

The reform of higher education has been giving its first results. Expected or not? Opinions of students, but also of teachers, are different. Have the planned changes of the way of studying, together with the new curriculum given the more efficient university studies? Numerous questions, posed even before the reform, are also important now. It seems that we can only be sure that both students and teachers have still been adapting to the new rules. The aim of this paper is to point out both positive and negative sides of the reform, from the point of view of students. In the paper, the results of survey done at the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad during the school year 2007/2008 are presented. A questionnaire has been used in order to obtain relevant data from the students of sociology and psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study. The paper is devoted to the study of the creative activity evaluating problem. The subject of the study is the evaluation criteria. At present, it seems obvious that there is a need to systematize and structure knowledge in the field of theory and methods of teaching fine arts. In particular, special attention should be paid to the problem of evaluating students’ works in the fine arts lesson. Despite the fact that the Federal State Standard of General Education sets requirements for the development of the basic educational program, the question of the correct assessment of the creative activity of students remains open for modern teachers. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to study the specifics of evaluating creative activity and its results in a fine art lesson at school. Results and discussion. The classical five–point assessment system is not fully sufficient in fine art lessons, therefore, an internal one–hundred-point assessment system should be included, which would clearly indicate strengths and weaknesses of each student. Conclusion. The assessment of students’ creative achievements is a multifaceted process that requires taking into account a number of students` characteristics and the clear and consistent understanding of the criteria apparatus.

The paper focuses on the urgent problems of linguadidactics caused by Covid-19 pandemic and the need to implement online learning at all Ukrainian institutions of higher learning. English for Specific Purposes online learning involves modern methods that are constantly being improved. They are aimed at effective interaction of all participants in the learning process. The Department of Foreign Languages in Lviv polytechnic national university analyzed the feedback from the teaching staff and students concerning methods applied in online classes which were held during the quarantine period in 2020–2021. Observations of teaching experience, as well as the positive feedback from students proved that online learning English for specific purposes can be as effective as the offline one. The study considers a number of important principles that should be followed in order to succeed in distance learning. English for Specific Purposes online tools involved both synchronous and asynchronous methods. The former methods included videoconferences held with the help of various applications, e.g. Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet etc. Asynchronous means consisted of using instant messengers, email, educational platforms, i.e. virtual learning environment of the university based on the Moodle platform. We conducted a survey among students of five groups of different technical specialties. The survey aimed at finding out their opinion concerning effectiveness of ESP online lessons. It helped to discover what kind of difficulties the students had faced. The survey also allowed us to understand which types of activities were better perceived during video conferences in comparison with lessons in the classroom (i.e. listening and watching video). The analysis of the results obtained brought us to a conclusion about the most efficient way of conducting online classes. Thus, a combination of asynchronous and synchronous methods appeared to be the most effective tool for online mastering of ESP. On the one hand, the asynchronous method can be effective to consolidate lexical and grammar material, as well as develop reading skills. On the other hand, synchronous method provides direct communication in the «student-teacher» format and is the most effective means of transmission and acquiring new knowledge in the discipline of English for Specific Purposes. It also develops speaking skills while involving students in work with breakout rooms. The paper also discusses the issue of students’ knowledge and skills assessment. The process of control has become automated and, thus, more convenient. Diagnostic and control works were performed in the form of current and final tests, hosted on the Moodle platform (virtual learning environment of Lviv Polytechnic National University). This greatly facilitates teacher’s work; as such tests contain a convenient option of automatic checking the correctness of students’ answers to the tests.

The paper addresses a vital issue of forming idioms with nominations of human body. Human body-related words nominating body parts, physiological and mental processes are used to form numerous English idioms. In given paper these idioms are referred to as human body-related. The paper aims at revealing the specifics of lexical and semantic constituents of the idioms with reference to their contexts. We collected 200 human body-related English idioms from academic books and dictionaries. The research comprised four stages. The thematic classification based on the lexical structure of the idioms revealed prevalence of the idioms comprising words head, eyes, heart, back, foot, and hand. The similarities found in the meanings of all the idioms under study provided semantic classification into five groups, namely, characteristics, action, state, causation, and ability. Next we focused on contextual and semantic specifics of the idioms. In particular, the idioms, containing the word head were studied in the texts of the British National Corpus. The contexts provided the following additional meanings of the idioms: higher position, achievements, location, expenses, and inability to do something. The revealed collocations follow AV+K type. The obtained results and developed algorithm may be applied to lexical and contextual studies of idioms and lexical groups.

Introduction. Meaning-in-life orientations and self-reflection are important indicators of the regulation of personal meanings. In a modern rapidly changing society, individuals do not fully manage their lives due to the influence of various uncertainty factors. The COVID-19 pandemic that began in early 2020 and swept across the world is considered a global factor of uncertainty. The increased uncertainty of life associated with the pandemic is an additional stressor. This paper represents a first effort in obtaining empirical data on gender characteristics of teachers’ meaning-based regulation in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. This paper reports the results of an empirical study of differences in meaning-in-life orientations and self-reflection among teachers before and during the pandemic as different conditions of information uncertainty in their lives. Methods. The study was conducted among female teachers of secondary schools in the Rostov region in March 2017 (n = 53) and in October 2020 (n = 43), i.e. before and during the pandemic, which can be considered different conditions of information uncertainty in their lives. We used the following psychological assessment tools: (a) the Meaning-in-Life Orientations test by D. A. Leont'ev and (b) the Self-reflection Questionnaire by I. A. Stetsenko. Results. We observed an increase in all means of both tests during the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic values. Differences in all parameters are statistically significant (according to the Mann–Whitney U test). Discussion. Our findings indicate that the pandemic represents a surmountable stressor for the homogeneous acmeological category of female teachers surveyed in this study. Information uncertainty contributes to constructive restructuring of the processes of meaning-based regulation and psychological adaptation, which leads to an increase in the level of meaningfulness of life orientations and self-reflection among the respondents.

Introduction. This paper brings new insights into the study of the sibling position of students to examine their socially important personal qualities in connection with this factor and to understand what short- and long-term individual and social consequences this may entail. This paper presents the results of a study of socially important personal qualities of students with different sibling positions, including empathy, personality orientation, altruism, life position, and the degree of adequacy of the view of life. According to these parameters, we carried out a comparative analysis of the data gathered from students – the only, the eldest, and the youngest children in the family. Methods. A sample of 150 students was randomly drawn and divided into three groups – the only children in the family, the eldest siblings, and the youngest siblings. The study used the following psychological assessment tools: (a) the questionnaire for Diagnosis of the Level of Polycommunicative Empathy Level by I. M. Yusupov, (b) the Bass Orientation Inventory, (c) Altruistic Orientation test, and (d) the Hardiness graphic technique, which assesses life positions and the degree of adequacy of views of life. Results. The findings of the study indicated that socially important personal qualities are more characteristic of students who are the only children in the family. There are more similarities than differences between first-born students who are the eldest and the only children in their families. However, students who are the only children in their families have more differences than similarities with those who are the youngest ones. In the group of students who are the youngest children in their families, the scores are lower compared to those in the other two student groups (except for altruism). Discussion. The data obtained in three student groups are interpreted and addressed to specialists in family counseling, psychotherapists, social service psychologists, curators of student groups, and inquisitive parents. The information about advantages and vulnerabilities of students’ sibling position can form a scientific basis for creating programs for the development of their socially important qualities in the educational process of the university.

Introduction. This paper demonstrates the importance of studying adaptive potential in students during a pandemic and its parameters as a basis for mental health and psychological well-being. The authors describe the structure and key parameters of adaptive potential in their relation to hardiness. This study aimed to investigate associations of psychological flexibility as a predictor of adaptability with other manifestations of adaptation mechanisms. This paper brings new insights into the dynamics of adaptability at different stages of adolescence. Methods. The study sample comprised 67 students aged 18 to 24 years (Mean ± SD = 20.7 ± 1.8). Diagnostic instruments: (a) the Hardiness Survey by S. Muddy, (b) Young Schema Questionnaire, YSQ-S3R, (c) Ways of Coping Questionnaire, WCQ, by R. Lazarus, and (d) Clinical Questionnaire for Detection and Evaluation of Neurotic States by K. K. Yakhin and D. M. Mendelevich. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software. Methods of mathematical statistics: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, parametric Student’s t-test, and Mann–Whitney U-test for independent samples. Results and Discussion. Correlation analysis showed the existence of strong inverse correlations of hardiness with maladaptive schemas, including ‘vulnerability’, ‘distrust’, ‘submission’, ‘failure’, ‘rigid standards’, ‘dependence/helplessness’, and ‘defectiveness’, as well as neurotic states and coping strategies. Therefore, the authors identified two contradictory trends in adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic in different age groups. The scales of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and coping strategies have numerous positive correlations, except for the ‘decision planning’ strategy, which correlates negatively with certain schemas. The authors consider EMS as a manifestation of psychological rigidity, which reduces adaptive potential. The absence of pronounced maladaptive schemas increases adaptive potential. There is a positive age-related dynamics in the development of individual adaptation capabilities. The resistance indicator increases and the EMS manifestation decreases with age.

The article presents approaches to defining quality criteria for pedagogical experimental research. Particular attention is paid to the evidence-based approach in pedagogy. It is argued that pedagogical research today is an integral part of the educational process and dissertations on pedagogical sciences. However, it should be noted that there are problems with the quality of such studies, which constitute a significant share of the total number of defended dissertations, and this causes an urgent need to develop methodological principles and criteria for assessing their quality. But it is not every pedagogical research that is the subject of this paper: its focus is on the methodological foundations of experimental pedagogical research or simply experimental research in pedagogy, which often do not meet the requirements of the scientific method. The authors analyzed the main topics of pedagogical research in Russia and abroad. The key results and conclusions of the study are the complex requirements for dissertations as a scientific product and pedagogical research, which determine the algorithm for obtaining proven, reliable data used in science. It is concluded that experimental research in the field of pedagogy should be carried out in accordance with the requirements for all empirical research. In particular, special attention is paid to ethical issues of pedagogical research and procedures for implementing the experimental method.

Background. Calendars for schoolchildren are a type of extracurricular literature intended to form in students a complete picture of the world in accordance with ideological, scientific, moral and ethical concepts accepted in society. Pedagogical and educational material in calendar publications is placed in chronological order to serve as a source of information about the alternation of months and days of the week, significant dates and public holidays, as well as astronomical phenomena. In addition to the dates of the general calendar, school calendars include dates and events that are significant for children. These include children's holidays, anniversaries of children's writers, dates of the creation of children's and youth organizations, dates of life of young heroes, etc. Analysis of historical material allows to see the specifics of a successfully implemented calendar project and outline the prospects for its use in modern educational and pedagogical practices. Purpose – analysis of the history of the calendar project for schoolchildren of the XIX-XX centuries and prospects for its use in modern conditions. Materials and methods. Historical and genetic method based on the use of historical artifacts and their analytical study. Results. Studying the history of calendars for schoolchildren and high school students shows the role and significance of the calendar format in the system of domestic education and upbringing. The significance of the calendar for schoolchildren, presented today on various media (paper or electronic), is not limited to its history. The calendar remains an important form of systematization of knowledge about the world, based on the chronological principle. The continuation of the calendar project is moving in the direction of spiritual and historical education of schoolchildren and has good prospects for implementation.

Background. Internationalisation of education defines the route of modern universities. They need to solve problems related to attracting international students, maintaining the number of them and providing pedagogical support for their adaptation. Universities have to create effective pedagogical conditions that facilitate the adaptation of international students. The specialists study the factors influencing this process, and one of the factors is the university environment. Purpose. The purpose is to study the university environment as a factor in the adaptation of international students and identify its components from the adaptation barriers aspect. Materials and methods. At the theoretical stage, scientific papers have been analyzed, and at the practical stage, the methods of conversation and questioning have been used. Results. The university environment is a space where all participants in the educational process interact. It has powerful potential for the upbringing and development of personality. It is possible to consider the university environment as an external factor influencing the adaptation process of international students. The university environment should be understood as a system of barrier-forming components: biological, cultural, social, academic, organizational and managerial, financial and economic, linguistic, communicative and socio-psychological. Gradual acceptance of the components results in accepting the university environment as a whole.

Background. AI emergence and rapid development of the related technologies is significantly changing the economy and social sphere of Russia. The influence of AI technologies on education is quite complex and multifaceted: on the one hand, artificial intelligence contributes to the processes of digital transformation, and, therefore, to increased efficiency and technological effectiveness. On the other hand, it poses a number of complex ethical problems and makes the daily work of the teacher in monitoring students more complicated. Purpose. Analysis of the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence for generating individual teaching materials (using the example of the disciplines Programming and Foreign (English) language. Materials and methods. The main research method is experimental. ChatGPT-4o and queries in English are used to generate tasks, test questions of various types, information and reference materials (synopses). To analyze the received materials, standard algorithms for reviewing teaching aids are used. The article includes a content analysis of publications on the problems of using artificial intelligence in education, educational materials presented by generative AI development companies (Google, Microsoft). Results. Current stage of development of generative artificial intelligence facilitates to use it effectively to generate standard teaching materials: tasks, texts, examples, brief inquiries. The quality of the obtained materials depends on the accuracy of the queries (AI prompt) and is heterogeneous for different disciplines. The paper presents methodological recommendations for the generation of test materials for the disciplines “Foreign Language (English)” and “Programming”, as well as institutional conditions for the safe use of the obtained materials in the educational process of the university.

The aim of the study was to identify the localization of fixation of the subject's gaze on the elements of appearance when constructing the age of an unfamiliar person in a situation of presenting portrait (zones "head, hair", "forehead", "left eye", "right eye", "bridge of the nose", "nose", "right cheek", "left cheek", "lips", "chin", "neck", "shoulders", "chest") and full-length images (including additionally the zones "pelvis", "legs"). Methods: 1) the method of oculography using a software and hardware complex, including the Gazepoint GP3 Eye Tracker and the standard Gazepoint Analysis UX Edition (v.6.8.0)x64 software, as well as specially developed software; 2) the procedure of "Photo-visual presentation of appearance" by T.A. Vorontsova (setNo. 1). The study sample included 20 women and 14 men aged 19 to 59 years (M=36.82) as objects of perception; 334 women and 74 men aged 18 to 71 years (M=24.07) as subjects of perception.Results: 1) the features of age construction in the perception of portrait photography are described: the subject of perception within the main scope of viewing portrait photography is fixed on the eye area (1st place), forehead (2nd place), nose (3rd place) (we named the "triangle of interest"); the upper part of the face (forehead, eye area), starting from the second fixation; after the 11th fixation, the gaze of the subject of perception is more focused (compared with previous fixations) on the zones of the lower part of the face, as well as the zones of the neck, shoulders, chest; 2) the features of age construction in the perception of growth photography are revealed: the gaze of the subjects of perception moves to the elements of the face from the second fixation; a third of all fixations takes the proportion of the upper part of the face (forehead and eye area); the maximum concentration of the views of the subjects of perception on the forehead and eye areas was found at the third and fourth fixation; the proportion of the "triangle of interest" is significantly higher than the proportion of the integral "body" area (shoulders, chest, pelvis, legs); the least interest of the subjects of perception in the features of the physique was found at the third fixation, after which attention to them increases to a maximum at the twelfth fixation. The paper concludes that the priority of the face of the object of perception over the body; the priority of the upper part of the face over the lower, the priority of the left half of the face over the right when solving the perceptual task of determining the age of an unfamiliar person. The results obtained are discussed in the context of domestic approaches to communication, appearance, and cognitive processes.

Mental imagery (secondary images, mental representations) is defined as the contents of consciousness that are phenomenologically close to sensory images but arise without external stimulation of the senses. The paper presents the results of validating the Russian version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire that measures the self-reported vividness of mental images pertaining to different sensory modalities. The sample consisted of 253 participants 17–50 years old. The original 7 scales (vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensation, and emotions) and the total image vividness scale were confirmed after excluding 3 items due to low factor loadings. The same factor structure was confirmed for the short version of the questionnaire. The total scales for the full and short versions had high internal and acceptable test-retest reliability; the reliability for the subscales varied. Convergent validity testing showed significant correlations between all the subscales of the Plymouth Questionnaire and visual imagery vividness, but most modality preference scales correlated with the emotion subscale. The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Scale can be used for research, although the stability of imagery across modalities needs further investigation.

Background. Technological innovations have become an important agent of social change, creating new socio-psychological meaning. In this context, G.M. Andreeva's idea that social psychology should help people adapt to changing environments remains relevant. Objectives. This paper aims to highlight the socio-psychological perspective on the role of innovative technologies in social change. We present two empirical studies that demonstrate emerging socio-psychological patterns in the context of open-source software development (study 1) and the use of virtual assistants (VA) for economic decision-making (study 2). Study Participants. Study (1): 900 posts from a collaborative development platform. Study (2): 200 users of the VA popular in Russia, residents of Russian cities with a population of more than 500,000 people. Methods. Study (1): Content analysis using large language models. Study (2): Quantitative online survey assessed users' perception of their VA and previously unknown VA across 15 characteristics, subjective trust levels, and economic trust through scenarios involving monetary transactions. Results. Study (1): A pre-configured GPT-4 turbo model with an instruction consisting of two examples achieved 56% accuracy in classification. Using a fine-tuned model of the previous generation, DeBERTa-v3-Small, increased the efficiency of classifying developer messages by up to 70%. This allowed the model to be used to encode developer interactions in order to identify the factors that contribute to effective collaboration. Study (2): Both forms of trust (declared and economic) are significantly related to components of social representations (SR) of VA. Individual components of these perceptions correlate with both declared and economic trust at the level of r > 0.3, p < 0.05. However, there is a difference in the strength of these relationships for familiar and unfamiliar VAs. An assumption can be made about the possible influence of the duration of use of VA on the strength of connections between SR and trust in VA. Thus, SR formed through interaction with VA contributes to a trusting attitude towards it and, accordingly, to decision-making processes involving its use. Conclusions. Socio-psychological knowledge about the changing socio-psychological meaning can form the foundation for the development of human-centered technologies. As a part of professional work, a developer can improve current tools for the creation, management, and optimization of collaborative activities. In everyday life, it is also important to establish a level of trust that is appropriate for the situation in which a Virtual Assistant is used.

Objective. The study and description of the specifics of the psychological well-being of Russian and Armenian students (on the example of students studying in Kostroma and Yerevan). Background. The problem of increasing the psychological well-being of students becomes especially relevant in the context of a decrease in resilience, vitality, adaptability, satisfaction with life and oneself among today’s youth. Research that is carried out in a cross-cultural approach is of particular importance. They make it possible to single out and describe universal and specific for certain ethno-cultural groups referents and features of students’ psychological well-being. Study design. The paper analyzes the features of the psychological well-being of Russian and Armenian students. We have established the relationship of the integral indicator of well-being with individual variables using correlation analysis. We also described the predictors of psychological well-being in Russian and Armenian students. Participants. The study sample consisted of 360 university students aged 17 to 28 years (M=19.9; SD=2.1), who were divided into two research groups according to the criterion of ethnic and cultural affiliation (Russians and Armenians). Measurements. The study was conducted using the “Scale of psychological well-being (RPWB)”; “Scales of subjective happiness”; “Scales of life satisfaction”; methods of color metaphors; self-assessment scales, “Innovative Competence”; test “Life-meaning orientations”. Results. The study established similarities and differences in the referents of psychological well-being among Russian and Armenian students. It is noted that the level of psychological well-being of students from different countries is below the normative values. This testifies to the general tendencies of a decrease in optimism among young people, faith in the future, in themselves and their capabilities. The paper also describes the specificity of correlations of psychological well-being referents in the Russian and Armenian samples. The psychological well-being of Armenian students is associated with the assessment of subjective well-being, the degree of independence from parents, health and life satisfaction; among Russian students — with a high assessment of the state of health, academic success, success in life and satisfaction with romantic relationships. In general, the meaningfulness of life is important in the perception of psychological well-being among students of different ethnic and cultural groups. At the same time, Armenian students have more pronounced life intentions and orientation, set clear goals for the future. Their focus is on self-development. The process of life appears to them filled with meaning and interest. Russian students are more satisfied with their lives in the present, although they are focused on raising their status and achieving success in the future. Conclusions. There are general cultural and cultural-specific trends in the psychological well-being of students studying in Russia and Armenia.

In the study of legal problems, their psychological aspects are of great importance. The paper presents the main areas of research on corruption. It is noted that in modern legal psychology, the prevention of unlawful behavior of young people in the field of economic crimes is still given little focus. The paper presents an analysis of the attitude of young people, as the most promising social group, to corruption offenses. The research was carried out using surveys among the students of higher education of Moscow. The data obtained were processed with content analysis, expert analysis as well as quantitative analysis of keywords and attitudes under topical areas chosen by the authors. The main results of the study can be summarized as follows: young people's perceptions of corruption are largely formed at the household level and do not reflect the specifics of macro-social processes in the society; students highlight the cultural and historical factors in the spread of corruption, which, in their opinion, act as a historically established social obstacle to overcoming the corruption situation in Russia; oftentimes students assess corruption not on legal grounds, but on psychological ones (on the principles of respect, politeness, mutual agreement, etc.), which does not always allow them to adequately identify corrupt behavior. With this approach to the problem, the research results require serious attention from psychologists, teachers and lawyers (in view of legal education of young people), which is a promising plan for future research.

This paper contains a description of the task methodology for assessing the level of development of emotional intelligence in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years MSCEIT–YRV (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test – Youth Research Version). The paper provides main data on the adaptation of the methodology to the Russian-speaking sample. Adaptation and psychometric testing of the methodology were carried out using data from 996 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years (430 boys and 566 girls, mean age 13,3 years). This methodology provides information on the general level of development of emotional intelligence, indicators of the Experiential and Strategic domains of emotional intelligence and scores for four abilities (identification of emotions, facilitation of thought, understanding emotions and emotion management). The main psychometric indicators of reliability and validity of MSCEIT-YRV meet the requirements of test standardization. The paper also describes gender and age differences in emotional intelligence, shows a comparison of normative samples for the English and Russian versions of the MSCEIT–YRV method.

This paper presents an analysis of current foreign trends in neurocognitive rehabilitation of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and neuropsychological rehabilitation of the most common form of vascular cognitive disorders (VCD) - aphasia. Two approaches to the restoration of higher mental functions (HMF), based on a different understanding of the neuroplasticity mechanisms, are described. The description presents non-invasive and functional methods of direct stimulation of HMF. Various methods of transcranial brain stimulation and Intensive Language-Action Therapy (ILAT) are reviewed and analyzed. The data of experimental studies present the application of these methods to the restoration of Broca's aphasia. The paper also considers an approach to neurorehabilitation based on the methodology of "workaround" recovery of HMF using sensory-enriched environment. The article describes and analyzes the theoretical foundations of Music Intonation Therapy (MIT), Thérapie mélodique est rythmée) (TMR), palliative MIT, Music Therapy (MT). The paper carries out an analytical review of the implementation of abovementioned methods in aphasics. Also, programs and neurocognitive correction methods in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are considered. The paper describes the possibilities of using active and passive MT, STAM-DEM Therapy, and Multimodal Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (MCET) in AD. The study presents the data of systematic and meta-analytical reviews on their use in MCI. The paper describes the methodology of "musical" neuropsychological diagnostics in dementia.