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Social media analytics is the art and science of extracting valuable hidden information from large amounts of semi-structured and structured social media data. Algorithms based on social network analytics, natural language processing, complex event processing, and data mining techniques are commonly used by social media analytics software using various specific tools. In positioning a social media analytics program as part of an organization's business intelligence practice or intelligence for an information service, BI can be conceptualized as both a process and a product.

Python is a multi-paradigm programming language that pursues a simpler, less cluttered syntax and grammar while giving developers a choice in their coding methodology. In most situations, it is recommended to allocate memory from the Python heap, since the latter is under the control of the Python memory manager. Even when the requested memory is used purely for internal, very specific purposes, delegating all memory requests to the Python memory manager gives the interpreter a more accurate picture of its overall memory footprint. For learning the Python programming language, it is easy to work with memory images in a very specific format.

In principle, any node within a blockchain network can propose adding new information to the blockchain. To validate that this addition of information (eg a transaction record) is legitimate, the nodes must reach some form of agreement. This is where a "consensus mechanism" comes into play. In short, a consensus mechanism is a predefined specific (cryptographic) validation method that ensures correct sequencing of transactions on the blockchain. In the case of cryptocurrencies, such sequencing is necessary to address the problem of "double spending" (ie the problem that the same payment instrument or asset can be transferred multiple times if the transfers are not centrally recorded and controlled.

Descriptivist theories attempted to eliminate certain logical contradictions if names were considered definite descriptions. Kripke rejected the validity of these descriptivist theories by arguing that there is no need for a unique description of identity, identifying descriptions can be used even if the referent has not been correctly identified, and a description (as opposed to a name) cannot function as a rigid signifier. Later, descriptivist theories extended this idea of defined description to a set of descriptions or a weighted average of these descriptions.

The use of Big Data presents significant legal issues, especially from the point of view of data protection. The existing legal framework of the European Union, based in particular on Directive no. 46/95/EC and the General Regulation on the protection of personal data, provide adequate protection. But Big Data requires a comprehensive and global strategy. The evolution over time has been from the right to exclude others to the right to control one's own data and, currently, to rethinking the right to (digital) identity.

Review: Imre Lakatos, The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, Philosophical papers, volume I, edited by John Worrall and Gregory Currie, Cambridge University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-521-28031-1, paperback The Methodology of Scientific Research Programs is a collection of papers published over time, in which Imre Lakatos expresses a radical revision of Popper's criterion of demarcation between science and non-science, leading to a new theory of scientific rationality.

Socrates practiced dialectic to obtain knowledge, through the method of oral dialogue, what he called the art of "birth of souls". In Plato, dialectic was a type of knowledge with an ontological and metaphysical role, which is reached by confronting several positions in order to overcome opinion (doxa), a movement from the world of appearances (or the "sensible") to intellectual knowledge (or " the intelligible") to the first principles. For a description, statement, or assertion to be knowledge, it must be a belief, be true, and be justified. A statement of faith is an expression of belief in someone or something. Belief must be true to be knowledge. The definition of knowledge as justified true belief was widely accepted until 1960, when the American philosopher Edmund Gettier provoked major widespread discussion. Scientific knowledge is based on the collection of observable and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning and experimentation. Despite criticisms of Karl Popper's theory of falsifiability for the demarcation between science and non-science, mainly pseudoscience, this criterion is still very useful, and perfectly valid after its refinement by Popper and his followers. Imre Lakatos' Methodology of Scientific Research Programs is a radical revision of Popper's criterion of demarcation between science and non-science, leading to a new theory of scientific knowledge. In the paper I present my proposal to extend Lakatos' methodology with two new terms, bifurcated programs and unifying programs, with their specific characteristics.

In intelligence, epistemology is the study of threat knowledge and how threat is understood in the field of intelligence analysis. Most definitions of intelligence activity do not take into account the fact that the epistemic normative status of the analyzed information is knowledge and not an inferior alternative. The counter-arguments to the epistemological status of intelligence activity are their action-oriented purpose, and their future-oriented content.

Data mining involves six common classes of tasks: anomaly detection, association rule learning, clustering, classification, regression, and summarization. While the term "data mining" itself has no ethical implications, it is often associated with mining information about human behavior (ethical and otherwise). Copyright holders are directly interested in data mining issues.

Artificial intelligence has progressed to the point where it is an essential component in almost every sector of today's modern economy, with a significant impact on our private, social and political lives. It was founded on the assumption that human intelligence can be described so accurately that a machine can be made to simulate it. This raises philosophical arguments about the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence. Artificial intelligences are a source of a whole new set of problems of explainability, accountability and trust.

Artificial intelligence has created unprecedented opportunities, but also new risks. The exponential increase in the capabilities of artificial intelligence models enables previously unattainable levels of value and generalization. However, the opacity of these models has also increased, and their black-box nature makes it difficult, even for experts, to explain the rationale behind their conclusions. This may represent a technological and social critical point, as the risk is real, as evidenced by recent episodes, of training systems being compromised by discrimination biases that have learned from training data. It is therefore possible that learning from digital traces of past decisions can lead to existing invisible biases being incorporated into the resulting patterns, perpetuating them.

Tableau is a data analysis and visualization tool that can connect with many data sources, creating interactive dashboards. Tableau uses application integration innovations such as JavaScript APIs and single sign-on to consistently embed Tableau analytics into core business applications. Tableau queries relational databases, online analytics cubes, cloud databases, and spreadsheets to generate graphical data visualizations. The software can also extract, store, and retrieve data from an in-memory data engine.

Business process discovery related to process mining is a set of techniques that automatically build a representation of an organization's current business processes and major process variations. These techniques use evidence found in existing technology systems that run business processes within an organization.

David Singer states that the threat is currently the primary focus of intelligence agencies. Intelligence activity can be thought of as the process by which certain types of information are requested, collected, analyzed, and disseminated, and how certain types of covert actions are designed and carried out. The intelligence cycle is a set of processes used to provide useful information in decision making. The cycle consists of several processes. The related field of counterintelligence is charged with thwarting the informational efforts of others.

Algorithms based on social network analytics, natural language processing, complex event processing, and data mining techniques are commonly used by social media analytics software to provide a wide range of analytics capabilities and actionable metrics by managers to obtain critical business information and facilitate effective decision making

PHP defines a wide range of functions as reusable blocks of statements in the core language, and many are also available in various extensions. These functions are well documented in the online PHP documentation. Custom functions can be defined by the developer. A function will not run automatically when a page loads, it can be called from anywhere and anytime within the program. PHP supports type declarations on function parameters, which are applied at runtime.

With widespread use, a number of common practices and conventions have evolved to help avoid errors in C programming. These are both a demonstration of applying good software engineering principles to a language, and an indication of C’s limitations. Although few are universally used and some are controversial, each enjoys wide use.

Specific simulators and tests are used to accurately measure 5G performance. Originally, the term was associated with the International Telecommunication Union's IMT-2020 standard, which required a theoretical maximum download speed of 20 gigabits per second and 10 gigabits per second upload speed, along with other requirements. Then, the 3GPP industry standards group chose the 5G NR (New Radio) standard together with LTE as a proposal for transmission to the IMT-2020 standard.

Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for discovering interesting relationships between variables in large databases. It is intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some measures of interest. Based on the concept of strong rules, association rules were introduced to discover regularities between products in large-scale transaction data recorded by supermarket point-of-sale systems. Such information may be used as a basis for decisions regarding marketing activities, such as, for example, promotional pricing or product placements. In addition to the above example from market basket analysis, association rules are used in many fields today, including web mining, intrusion detection, continuous manufacturing, and bioinformatics.

Paul Ricoeur examined a number of different forms of extended discourse, beginning with metaphorical discourse. Narrative discourse is one of the investigated forms, configuring heterogeneous concepts that identify actions at a time when one thing happens not only after something else, but also because of something else in a story or history that can be followed. It recasts physical events as narrative events, which make sense because they tell what happens in a story or history. Narratives are always a synthesis of the heterogeneous concepts that configure the episodes of the story.

From a methodological point of view, both Newton and Einstein, and later Dirac, unreservedly supported the principle of mathematical simplicity in the discovery of new physical laws of nature. They were joined by Poincaré and Weyl. Eduard Prugovecki states that quantum gravity has forced the consideration of some fundamental epistemological questions, which can be identified in philosophy with the mind-body problem and the problem of free will. These questions influenced the epistemology of quantum mechanics in the form of von Neumann's "psycho-physical parallelism" and Wigner's subsequent analysis of the thesis that the "collapse of the wave packet" takes place in the mind of the "observer".

The data must be processed with advanced collection and analysis tools, based on predetermined algorithms, in order to obtain relevant information. Algorithms must also take into account aspects invisible to direct perceptions. Big Data in government processes increase cost efficiency, productivity and innovation. Civil registries are a source for Big Data. The processed data helps in critical development areas such as health care, employment, economic productivity, crime, security and natural disaster and resource management.

As social media channels move from personal to professional life and permeate daily corporate routines and business workflows, organizations are faced with the need to formulate and implement measurement techniques to help them gain insights from social media interactions and evaluate the success of their own social media initiatives. Social media analytics (social media analytics) is a new and emerging field poised to enable companies to improve their performance management initiatives across various business functions. Whether it's to measure the effectiveness of promotional campaigns, gather information about customer needs and preferences, discern brand perceptions, get feedback on product performance, or to capture data on market trends, social media analytics has the potential to provide useful insights. different lines of business such as marketing and sales, customer relations, public relations and product development.

Ontology engineering, together with Semantic Web technologies, enable the semantic modeling and development of operational flow required for TB design. The most widely used blockchain modeling system by abstractly representing, describing and defining structure, processes, information and resources is enterprise modeling. Enterprise modeling uses domain ontologies using model representation languages. Bitcoin is the leading peer-to-peer payment system and digital currency that uses blockchain technology.

On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact in Moscow, according to which the USSR claimed Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia. In September 1939 Poland is invaded by Germany. In this context, the Crown Council decided, on September 6, 1939, to proclaim Romania's neutrality, securing the borders and avoiding military confrontation by activating the "Balkan Bloc of Neutrals", the Balkan Agreement of 1934 and by attempting to conclude a non-aggression pact with the USSR . On March 29, 1940, V. M. Molotov spoke about "the existence of an unresolved litigious issue, that of Bessarabia, whose annexation by Romania was never recognized by the Soviet Union, although it never raised the question of the return of Bessarabia by military means". Through the Hitler-Stalin treaty, the Treaty of Craiova and the Second Vienna Arbitration (Vienna Dictatorship) Romania loses over a third of its territory and over a quarter of its population), including the Herța Land which was neither part of Bucovina nor from Bessarabia and had not been originally claimed by the USSR. Part of Bessarabia is attached to Ukraine, and the other part forms the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic,

General relativity spawned various early philosophical interpretations. His followers highlighted the "relativization of inertia" and the concept of simultaneity, the Kantians and neo-Kantians emphasized the approach of certain synthetic "intellectual forms" (especially the principle of general covariance), and the logical empiricists emphasized the methodological philosophical significance of the theory. Reichenbach approached the general relativity through the prism of the "relativity of geometry" thesis, attempting a "constructive axiomatization" of the theory of relativity based on "elementary factual problems" (Elementaratbestande) regarding the observable behavior of light rays, rods and clocks.

Newton supported the idea of ​​absolute time, unlike Leibniz for whom time is only a relation between events and cannot be expressed independently, consistent statement but the relativity of space-time. Eternism holds that the past and the future exist in a real sense, going as far as the idea that time is a dimension similar to spatial dimensions, that future and past events are "present" on the time axis, but this view is disputed. The most famous example of the impossibility of time travel is the grandfather paradox or the self-infanticide argument: a person who travels back in time and kills his own grandfather, thus preventing the existence of one of his parents, and therefore his own existence.

The term eugenics, as a practice and field of study, was coined by Francis Galton in 1883, based on the work of his cousin Charles Darwin, Mendelian genetics, and the theories of August Weismann (germ plasm theory, according to which hereditary information is transmitted only by germ cells from gonads (ovaries and testes), not somatic cells). Galton defined eugenics as "the study of all agents under human control which may improve or impair the racial quality of future generations." Eugenics was later described as a social movement to improve the human species through the use of technology. The term has a strong negative connotation due to its historical connotations related to the selective breeding programs, concentration camps, and medical experiments and mass extermination promoted by the Nazi regime of Germany in World War II.

After the end of the Cold War, governments and intelligence agencies continued to use the conventional model to assess state threats. But concepts of security have moved away from a highly militarized confrontation between known adversaries, and concern over harder-to-identify non-state threats has grown. Non-state actors became strategic threats, with the concept of "strategic terrorism" being developed immediately after the September 2001 attacks. There had been terrorist actions in the past, but bin Laden was the first to use strategic terrorism on a large scale against a superpower.