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Rural credit is a type of financing aimed at individual producers, associations and cooperatives, and is intended to promote agricultural production. Through it, it is possible to make financial investments, expand operations and fund the production and sale of goods, and thus obtain greater profits. It is made available by public and private credit entities and its main objective is to contribute to the rural production development policy in the country. With the financing, producers get money to invest in technology, improving their infrastructure and increasing productivity. This article seeks to identify the role of rural credit in the economic growth of Brazil during the period 1974 to 2018, considering the importance of access to agricultural credit for the development of the rural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims discuss banking reforms of the 1990s, which consolidated the Chinese state and the architecture of its financial system, establishing a circuit based on the finance-investment-saving-funding logic. This circuit provides an increase in the volume of financing, conditioning the growth of the industry and the formation of large state business conglomerates, including the financial sector. The financial system, through voluminous financial resources, mainly via credit, directed the level of expenditure of agents and the real variables of the economy such as product and employment. The result of this process is a clear movement of interest from this market in the search for a share of the large profit presented. In this way, it managed to overcome its development delay, demonstrating that it is possible to accelerate and improve the quality of economic growth through the development and centralization of financial intermediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the path of the profit rate and its components in Brazil between 1950 and 2020. The high growth in developmentalism, 1950-1980, in contrast to the great stagnation in neoliberalism, 1980-2020, is interpreted based on the rate of profit and its components: the profit share, the productivity of capital and the level of capacity utilization. The fall in the rate of profit due to the decline in capital productivity resulted in a slowdown in the rate of capital accumulation and economic growth. In the 1980-2020 period there was a structural break in the relationship between productive investment and profits with the adoption of neoliberalism, the same profit rate resulted in lower capital accumulation. The great stagnation is explained by the fall in the profit rate and the adoption of neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of modal infrastructure in economic growth is under constant debate among policymakers. This work aims to evaluate the effect of road concessions on the economic growth of Santa Catarina from 2007 to 2018. To achieve this goal, the model of differences in differences was used in its traditional and spatial version. In general, in the fixed effect estimates, the results showed that there is a positive effect of concessions on the GDP per capita of the municipalities and that there is a positive spillover effect mainly in the period from 2014 to 2016. These results may indicate that the improvement in infrastructure reduces the cost of transport, which facilitates labor mobility, generating agglomeration economies in more developed cities, given that the municipalities that received the concessional stretches are in regions with higher GDP per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the dynamic effects generated by public investments on private investments in machinery and equipment in Brazil, between 1996 and 2018. Theories based on the principle of effective demand support the hypothesis formulated about the complementarity between public and private investments. We have developed an analytical scheme that identifies the induction channels for public investments for private ones, through demand and supply sides of the economy. From an empirical point of view, the work uses the specification of the econometric model of Autoregressive Vectors (VAR) that allows treating public investments as exogenous to the system. The results show that an increase in public investments boosts private investments during the analyzed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of Brazilian urbanization in recent decades has pointed to a spatial deconcentration in the sense that medium-sized cities have grown more than the large metropolises. In this context, the study sought to identify these growth patterns, using models of spatial econometrics and tested the hypothesis of conditional convergence of these cities in Northeast Brazil. Estimates were made considering two periods: 1991-2000 and 1991-2016. The robustness of the tests pointed to the need to incorporate the neighborhood effect in econometric models. Thus, spatial error models (SEM) and spatial lag model (SLM) were estimated. The tests indicated the SEM model as more appropriate. Thus, the conditional convergence hypothesis was accepted. That is, smaller medium-sized cities grow faster than larger ones and all in the direction of long-term equilibrium. Better infrastructure, health and per capita income act to increase economic growth, whereas illiteracy and income concentration have the opposite effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To think the regional question is to understand that there is a need to overcome certain disparities reproduced in the territory. The study in question aims to adopt a set of methods of quantitative analysis with the objective of investigating the economic growth of the municipalities of the state of Ceará in terms of productive structure. In order to reach the proposed objective, methodologically, five determinants were extracted through factor analysis, namely: economic structure (F1), agricultural structure (F2), livestock structure (F3), planting structure (F4) and extractive structure (F5). Municipal GDP was regressed against these five factors as explanatory variables, controlling for spatial effects. The results show that the most appropriate model is the spatial Durbin model (SDM), revealing that a high GDP in the municipality (i) has a positive impact on the economic growth of the neighboring municipality (j). In addition, municipalities with more advanced productive structures have similar characteristics and are spatially concentrated, especially near the coastal strip of the state. All factors had a direct positive impact on GDP, but in relation to F3, F4 and F5, these present negative spatial spillovers in the economic growth of the neighboring municipality. Finally, the spatial effects were relevant to analyze the economic growth and spatial distribution of the productive activities of the municipalities of Ceará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the focus in entrepreneurship studies may be associated with the process of creating and developing new businesses and their impact in economic growth. Many scholars and policymakers agree that entrepreneurship is significantly relevant to any society due to its positive effects on economic and technological development and in the creation of new jobs. From the perspective that entrepreneurship is part of the alternatives for directing one's career, this article aimed at verifying the influence of a graduate program on the student's decision to undertake as a career option. To achieve the proposed objective, an exploratory and qualitative research was carried out through a case study in a professional master's course in business administration in the city of São Paulo. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. As main results, it is highlighted that infrastructure, faculty, mentoring, partnerships and exchanges of knowledge and ideas among students, as well as support and offer of contents focused on financial aspects and risk analysis, contribute positively, not only in the creation of a new business, but also in the establishment of a better structured company with strategic planning based on consistent analysis and methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to incorporate explicitly the twin deficits theory in a stock-flow consistent model to analyze the impact of fiscal policy and public debt dynamics in a post- Keynesian model, investigating the effects and limitations. Even rejecting many neoclassical hypotheses, fiscal policy has limitation to stimulate permanently economic growth because if it’s incompatible with balance of payment equilibrium, net external debt would rise and become unsustainable. Finally, this hypothesis is tested empirically and it is verified that the dynamics of the fiscal policy and external position are associated when specified according to Godley and Cripps (1983) and modified by Pérez Caldentey (2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic literature has highlighted that infrastructure investment shows positive externalities which foster the economic growth. Based upon the Post-Keynesian perspective, the aims of this article are twofold: i) to explain the interactions among infrastructure, conventions, expectations and aggregate private investment, summarized in what Keynes called technically social investment; ii) to show in theoretical terms that discontinuities of infrastructure investments reduce the sensitivities of private aggregate investment in relation to its determinants, with economic policy implications. In the Post- Keynesian view, private investment is volatile and sensitive to changes in conventions and expectations. We show that infrastructure spending stimulates private investments because it reduces uncertainty and coordinates the emergence of private conventions and expectations that foster private investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to highlight the efficiency of transport infrastructure as an important vector of regional development. In addition, despite the lack of data for the preparation of diagnoses and more accurate exercises of prospection it seeks to briefly contextualize the present situation of the infrastructure of Paraná, especially the road transport and also project the growth of the physical volume of local production in the coming years in order to subsidize future government actions. Synthetically, it appears that even in scenarios of moderate expansion of GDP, given the of the maturity level of the economy of Paraná, there would be reasonable additional pressures on the logistics infrastructure of the State, justifying investments in expansion/modernization of the whole transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present text analyzes the economic growth of Paraná under a long-term view and with the subsequent intention of pointing out possibilities of future trajectory. The task begins with dimensioning some key parameters derived from the history of recent decades and proceeds using it in prospective exercises. Given the declining pace of expansion of the available labor force expected for the years ahead and the productivity status of the Paraná economy, these exercises explore possibilities for the expansion of income and per capita income. Given the average pattern of per capita income advancement recorded in recent decades, it is concluded that a consistent long-term growth above historic trend should call for reasonable increases in the savings rate and especially in the productivity rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the financial sector has always been an important factor, not only for economic development, as Levine (2005) points out, but also for human development, according to Pompeu and Lima (2021). And that is why a range of studies in economics are dedicated to trying to understand the correlations between money and well-being, such as the famous text by Adam Smith (2010). In this sense, this article seeks to present a very contemporary theme in the list of finance studies, digital banks, which in most studies are related to a possible positive relationship with economic growth and social well-being. We seek to contextualize the subject and expose possible theoretical approaches that can be used as a basis for modeling digital banks in scientific studies of economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to bring a different perspective from that presented in previous works on the “development process” in Furtado’s thought. In line with his methodological writings, we argue that Furtado extrapolated, in his formulation of the “development process”, the limits of economic science, thus diverging from conventional economic growth models. Furthermore, we emphasize that the referred author managed to combine, in a creative manner, different aspects of the previous formulations on economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to empirically analyze the economic growth regimes in Brazil from 2000 to 2015. In theoretical terms, we follow the augmented neo-Kaleckian model proposed by Palley (2016). Therefore, we incorporate in the analysis the role of the personal and functional distribution of income. In empirical terms, we use a vector autoregressive model. The results suggest that the growth regime of the Brazilian economy was wage-led. This means that capital accumulation and aggregate demand were favored by policies to reduce inequality in the labor market and personal income. Based on the results, we discussed the Brazilian model, arguing in favor of adopting a growth model that can reconcile income distribution and export incentive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electricity consumption was used to test the hypothesis of convergence for the municipalities of Paraná from 2002 to 2016. Static and dynamic convergence was estimated in absolute and conditional forms. Data panel and dynamic panel were used for estimation. The data confirmed the existence of static and dynamic convergence, absolute and conditional in the consumption of electricity in the municipalities of Paraná. Conditional convergence was relatively stronger than absolute convergence in all specifications. Although convergence in electricity consumption was discovered, the convergence speed was relatively low, generating a very high half-life time. Thus, it is suggested that electricity control policies may not yet be efficient in the State of Paraná, since municipalities still need to increase consumption to ensure economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper used the Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) model, with crosssection and panel data and spatial controls, to analyze the influence of spatial phenomena on inequality and economic growth in Brazilian municipalities between 1980-2010. The results indicated that reducing spatial heterogeneity (e.g.: differences in culture, preferences and natural resources) helps to combat inequalities, while the absence of spatial spillovers (from trade, technological diffusion and migration, for instance) tends to worsen it. Ignoring these spatial effects would result in underestimations of the rate of income convergence and overestimates about the returns on physical capital and human capital. Finally, being close to a "central place", as in the case of state capitals, seems to facilitate the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy (EC) is seen as a key process to promote the dissociation between high resource consumption and economic growth. It has numerous benefits, but there are still gaps between its theory and the implementation process. This article aims to analyze and highlight the advantages and benefits of applying the circular economy, as well as identifying important points to face barriers and reach opportunities in the manufacturing sector. The research strategy adopted was exploratory research carried out through interviews, with people from the company involved in the subject in question. The result showed that the development of partnerships is fundamental in the circular economy. In the researched company, the partnerships, to optimize the reverse logistics, allowed to reduce the customer costs by up to 30% and increase the collection time by 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the intersection of race, gender and class in the production of inequalities experienced by domestic workers in Brazil and how these inequalities are accentuated in the context of a pandemic crisis. Based on an analysis of the data issued by the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (Pnad-Contínua) and on interviews with domestic workers in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, we examine the inequalities in the relationship between work and family, considering aspects related to working conditions, the use of time and domestic arrangements. The results indicate that the pandemic, preceded and intensified by a harsh context of economic recession and expansion of policies for the flexibilization of labor rights, has amplified historically structural inequalities in the occupation. These elements affect the everyday lives of domestic workers, reorganizing domestic arrangements and their temporal experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a theoretical model that explains the relationship between credit constraints and economic growth in the context of a three-sector economy, including an "extractive" sector. The model belongs in the structuralist tradition and it is inspired by the Colombian economy. In contrast to neoclassic development economics models, we prove that: 1) relaxing the credit crunch would foster formal sector growth but it may nevertheless not imply formal employment growth; and 2) the economy can converge to a pattern where the extractive sector increases while the formal one shrinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vale S.A. mining company is a transnational company, present in 30 countries, and one of the largest mining companies in the world. In the Brazilian Amazon, it has operated for more than three decades, mainly with the Grande Carajás Program and recently with the S11D Project, a project to expand iron ore extraction activities in the Serra de Carajás, in the state of Pará. Through Discourse and Enunciation Analysis (VERÓN, 2004), this research examines how the discourses produced on the mining company's website are constructed in the page entitled "S11D Eliezer Batista Complex", based on the development ideals disclosed by the company. The S11D is considered by critics in the mining sector to be the continuation of the PGC, now with the prospect of doubled profits. The analysis considered that the mining company contributes to the construction of ideals on development in the Amazon, based on the idea of economic growth, ignoring the discourses that represent the territories and social subjects of the region where it operates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro and small enterprises have a large share in the participation of the national business market, promoting economic growth with generation of jobs and income. Despite the relevant importance of these companies, they face an environment of great threat and challenges. In this context, an innovation appears as an alternative to gain and stay in the market, showing as one of the main strategies of sustainability and market positioning. Given this importance, the present work aims to measure, consolidate and discuss the degree of innovation of the truck bodywork enterprises of the municipality of Itabaiana / SE, considered a national truck capital. Methodologically, the work is supported by a quantitative and descriptive approach. A survey was conducted in which the managers answered the Innovation Radar questionnaire, a model developed by Sawhney, Wolcott and Arroniz (2006) and adapted by Bachmann and Destefani (2008). The results of the research show that the innovation processes in the bodywork factories in the municipality of Itabaiana are still in an initial stage, showing a weakness in the management process and justifying the participation of external agents to foster innovative initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A characterization of Paraná's labor market is presented here based on the workforce's functional competencies and skills. The complexity and competitiveness of regional productivity is evaluated against the degree of sophistication of the occupations involved in the production processes. The main results show that the regions with the highest degree of workforce sophistication are also the ones with the most pronounced economic growth, which improves their already high competitiveness. On the other hand, regions of less sophisticated workforce are those showing less intense growth and, therefore, the less competitive ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the effects of pro-poor growth in Brazil considering the states' heterogeneity. For this, the panel data regression model with information from the Continuous PNAD from 2012 to 2019 was estimated. The variables analyzed were: average income (proxy to economic growth), income inequality, average schooling of people aged 25 and over, and the informality rate in the labor market. It is also intended to assess the relative importance of each of these variables in determining poverty in the country. The results showed that education and economic growth were pro-poor, while high income inequality and informality are factors that hinder poverty reduction. Schooling had the greatest impact on poverty reduction followed by a drop in income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the economic relations between China and Latin America from the perspective of the world capitalist political economy, applying Polanyi's interpretation of the great transformation in world history. The contemporary evolution of capitalism has been characterized by the extraordinary and rapid economic growth of China, whose economic relations with the region are characterized by a paradoxically harmonious exchange, as each part exports to the other those products in which it has specialized (technology intensive goods versus primary goods and commodities). This relationship has resulted in a core-periphery economic structure and has led Latin America to a new stage of productive specialization in primary exports. After demonstrating the existence of this core-periphery relationship, based on the analysis of statistical data and recent research, the text offers an explanation and interpretation of this core-periphery morphology and presents a diagnosis on the evolution and perspectives of these bilateral relations, presenting seven arguments that describe a complex and difficult economic scenario for Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of a documentary survey conducted about on employment policies in Brazil and Chile in the period 2005-2017. The result of this research is that the employment and income policy is subject to a common logic, since they follow parameters proposed by the multilateral agencies and are subordinated to the dynamics of economic growth. Therefore, they are seen as palliative measures, maintaining poverty and social inequality as a striking feature of our social formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of public debt on economic growth is the subject of several studies in the economic literature. However, there is a gap in relation to cross-country analyzes on the subject, especially at the level of States that have been poorly studied and are the ones in the worst situation among federative entities, with their deteriorated revenues and accumulated debts to the Federal Government. This paper sought to verify the effect of public indebtedness on the economic growth of the Brazilian states. The regression econometric model with SystemGMM panel data was used for the 27 federative units of Brazil, comprising the period between 2000 and 2014. The results of the study pointed to a negative relation of debt in relation to economic growth, when considered the immediate temporal aspect. However, a positive relation was verified when confirming its effect on the lag, confirming the initial hypothesis that debt has positive effects on economic growth, showing that it is plausible to use debt to cover expenditures in productive areas, which would not be possible with the collection, given the level of commitment of the budget with current expenditures. Therefore, this work brings contributions related to the formulation and evaluation of public policies, considering that it offers conclusions that indicate that the strategic use of indebtedness, when directed to productive sectors, can stimulate the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the New Silk Road as a Chinese tool for maximizing its power resources on the international stage. This research applies concepts from Mearshemier's offensive realism and crosses quantitative data with the qualitative analysis of Chinese practices in the countries affected by the New Silk Road. In order to present economic growth as a growth factor for power resources, the main results obtained in this research point to: i. a real Chinese race to secure and maximize power resources; ii. arising from diversification and less dependence on the powers established in its trade balance; iii. which would result in economic and security conflicts with these powers, reinforcing the diversification cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary ecological crisis has been contributing to reinvigorate the academic debate on the concept of capitalism and its relation to ecology. In this essay we will frame and explain what capitalism is and present different positions that seek answers to the question of whether or not it is compatible with the ecological sustainability of the planet. The question of economic growth as a requirement of capitalism will be addressed. We will define four groups in which the main positions can be grouped: sustainable growth, stationary economy, marxist ecology and degrowth. We will argue that overcoming the ecological crisis is not in the transition towards a supposed "green" capitalism. It is necessary to work on the construction of an ecosocialist system, promoting the transformation of the relation between human beings and between them and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to analyze the impact of tax installments granted by the Brazilian government on education spending. Therefore, information on the tax installments of the Federal Government of Brazil and the expenses with the education function between 2008 and 2017 were analyzed. The results show that around 2000 companies joined three or more tax installments. These companies are responsible for approximately 70% of the amount due to the Federal Government. With regard to spending on education, it is observed that during the analysis period, spending on education was less than 2% (different from the goal stipulated by the National Education Plan (PNE)). Evidence points out that the amounts not received and intended for tax installments can contribute to the gain in human capital by the population. In this way, these values can stimulate economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to analyze, from the input-output matrix, sectoral interconnection level indicators of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) economy and demand impacts on employment and income. This general equilibrium model allows to generate employment and income policies, necessary for the development of the State based on a proposal directed to the Society, the Environment and Sustainable Regional Development. Thus, the sectors that impact the most were identified as follows: Trade and Services, Pulp and Paper Products, Mining and Quarrying, Clothing Items and Accessories, Leather Goods. The results presented provide guidance for the development and rational planning of public and private policies to stimulate the State's economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cities of Araguaína / TO, Imperatriz / MA and Marabá / PA are part of the Legal Amazon, are characterized as medium-sized cities and are designated as regional capitals C by IBGE. Each of them is a reference in their respective intermediate and bordering geographic regions. The objective of the work is to demonstrate which the three locations, despite presenting strong economic and demographic growth, suffer from social and structural problems that reduce the quality of life of their population. For this purpose, secondary data from IBGE sources - Cities, Atlas of Human Development, Instituto Brazil, IPEADATA and Comex Stat were used, referring to demographic growth, exports, HDI, GDP, homicides, Cadastro Único, Bolsa Família, access to water, sewage collection and treatment. As a result, it is perceived that there is a demographic growth for the Amazon; therefore sanitation, homicides, and population data on the single registry present that the economical aspects have not been converted into social welfare. Thus, it can be conclude that the data induce the understanding even considering that economic growth, instrumental and substantive freedoms are still relegated and that one of the possibilities for overcoming lies in a more integrated perspective of the three cities in geographical and administrative terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What can we say about structural inequalities in Brazil when we look at them through the lens of young people's occupational trajectories? In contexts of economic growth and expansion of rights, what factors are relevant to make unequal the destinies of young Brazilians? In this article, we seek to answer these questions based on longitudinal data from a retrospective survey conducted in 2013 with a representative sample of 3,288 young people in 160 Brazilian municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to estimate a Ceará Productive Structure Index (IEPC) and identify the main factors that explain the characteristics of the state's productive structure. Methodologically, the multivariate statistical technique of factor analysis was used, by the principal component method. The data are of secondary origin from RAIS, IBGE and MDIC, for the years 2007 and 2017. It was found important modifications in productive structure, observering an enlargement from one to four in the number of micro-regions with a high degree of economic growth in the period, namely: Fortaleza, Litoral de Camocim and Acaraú, Sobral and Cariri. The IEPC identified that there was a process of interiorization and growth of the productive structures of the micro-regions, although disparities still exist between the interior and the coastal of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relation between composition of exports and economic growth for a large set of countries, between 2000 and 2010 - a period characterized by a steep rise in commodity prices in international markets. The paper builds an index of exports quality, based on the classification by technological intensity proposed by Lall (2000). Taking into account the existence of spatial correlation among the variables, we estimate the relation between quality of exports and economic growth by using spatial panel data models. The results suggest that - despite the boom in commodities demand and prices during most of the decade - countries with export structures with higher technological content showed higher growth rates during the period of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on the relationship between the human activity and environmental pressure has been expanding. One of the most recent approaches is the one which stablishes a relationship between economic growth and the ecological intensity of human well-being (EIWB). The EIWB is measured through the ratio between a variable of environmental pressure and a variable of well-being. This article investigates the effects of economic growths in Brasil and its regions in the 2002-2014 period. In order to achieve that, it has been used a Prais-Winsten Time-series cross-section (TSCS) regression model. The results point out that que economic growth is associated with an increase in the EIWB in Brazil as a whole for the period in question. As for the regional results, it has been found that North, Northeast and Centre-West regions replicate the same effect. South and Southeast regions do not confirm such a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes to show a study on the territorial dynamics caused by the arrival of a traveling business marketplace, in the district of Aprazível, in Sobral (CE). Such activity triggered a reorganization process of its territory, both physical with the construction of buildings, houses, roads, sewage systems, etc., and in the way of life of the local population. However, the changes occurred over decades, since the first marketplace, according to reports from the oldest residents of the district, date from the mid-1960s as will be described in the context below, although the most significant changes have occurred with the present-day clothing marketplace. For the development of this work, it is necessary to use procedures to support the data collection, such as conducting a bibliographic and documentary survey, observing through field activities, applying questionnaires, and conducting informal interviews. The flows generated by the marketplace in the district, over the past sixty years, show the dynamics existing among the various actors involved, for example, marketers, buyers, the Association and the residents of the district, given the recurrent transformations of the spatial relations favored in the face of such activity. Thus, the marketplace establishes several changes, which, it seems, will continue over the years, thanks to the contributions it offers for the economic and structural growth of the Aprazível district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its beginning the 1980s, the globalized model of economic development in Mexico has generated paradoxical results. On the positive side, Mexico attained a privileged position among the mayor economies of the world by becoming the 13th largest exporter and the 12th main importer, while simultaneously turning into a high-ranking recipient of foreign direct investment. These positive results deeply diverge with the mediocre performance in economic growth and the high levels of unemployment, informality and poverty. In this paper we argue that these paradoxical results are the consequence of structural disequilibrium caused by the reorientation of production towards export-based global value chains, which did not contribute to the development of an integrated industrial sector with forward and backward linkages between foreign and local firms. The flows of trade and investment that were stimulated by the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) did not promote economic growth in Mexico because of structural weaknesses that derived from an exporting sector where foreign firms limited the value-added produced by local firms, and created an inelastic supply of imported inputs. Hence, the export-led model became a development strategy that weakened the capacity for the consolidation of a strong and dynamic internal market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work makes an analysis on the importance of human capital for economic growth, and reflects on theories that explain how the investment in human capital drives development. It is a qualitative research and literature review, which is based on a study of the topic discussed. In conclusion the study constanta that investment in human capital has the power to change an entire society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present elements for a discussion on the extent to which hydroelectric power plants (HPP) promote development in the regions where they are installed. The study has as its spatio-temporal reference the hydrographic basin of Uruguay, in the south of Brazil, in which the Itá HPP stands out as an object of analysis. Methodologically, the work comprises a systematization of quantitative data compiled with the competent bodies, which is complemented with qualitative analysis based on official documents and academic papers. The work is structured as follows: brief introduction; theoreticalmethodological framework highlighting the importance of the confluence of economic, socio-environmental and political elements for analysis; conception of development distinguishing territorial, regional and local notions; complexity of hydroelectric dams as large-scale projects; brief exercise with quantitative data on economic growth and human development; final considerations relativizing quantitative data from qualitative elements. Taken as a whole, the work argues that hydroelectric plants have the capacity to promote regional development insofar as economic, political and socio-environmental elements are considered in a balanced way since the project was conceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of economic development provides externalities in different ways, depending on the productive composition of each territory; in this context, regional differences can result in greater or lesser economic growth. The present article investigated the performance of the Centro-Oeste region between 2002-2015 and compared it with the national average using quantitative analysis. The indicators used for the analysis were GDP, Gini, Exports, Imports, and Degree of Commercial Openness (GAC, in the Portuguese acronym). The results showed that, in the Gini, the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, were above the national average, and Goiás, GO, below. The variable GDP followed the national average, while exports were above average, and, in imports, only MS was higher. The GAC of GO and MS was above the national average, and the one from MT, below. According to the literature, the present research confirms that the Centro-Oeste continues above the national average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the extraction of ores in Brazil has increased vertiginously, driven by the neodevelopmental program of the governments of the Workers' Party. In order to get a better view of the facts, state investments in the sector, from 2011 to 2016, were over US $ 66 billion. In 2014, only the state of Minas Gerais, which historically constitutes the country's most important mineral production center, produced a mineral balance of US $ 14 billion. This scenario, however, has been responsible for a set of contradictions to great extent, as it has been demonstrated in the case of Paracatu, a municipality of Minas Gerais. Our research sought to identify the social and environmental impacts that have been provoked by the mining industry in this municipality. In methodological terms, we set up the politicaleconomic conditions under which the mining activity gained centrality in Brazil. Then, based on the available literature, we identified some contradictions on the expansion of this economic activity in the municipality of Paracatu, manifested in the form of socioenvironmental conflicts. Finally, we presented the public health situation, based on the report given to us by a distinguished local scientist in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of development gains strength throughout the 20th century, the recurrent distinction between growth and economic development on the historical plane makes sense from the intertwining between the increase in production and per capita income and, at the same time, profound changes in society. The development theme, with a focus beyond economic growth, relating aspects of quality of life, environmental sustainability, and social and cultural equity, has been gaining prominence in discussions in the area of social sciences. The search for democratically qualified societies, acting inseparably from the collective's exclusive interests, signals the need to develop cooperation networks, based on mutual trust and collaboration. It is worth noting the existence of regional councils in order to exercise social control, but also the representative articulation and regional development. Universities, especially public ones, also have a social commitment to regional development; by the way, universities are vectors that induce regional development, connecting with the world while taking root regionally, with effects on the production and consumption of the economy, which have a multiplying effect on spatial structures, especially in cities where are located. In this sense, the study on screen aimed to carry out a survey of publications about the participation of universities in the regional development process, from 2008 to 2016, to analyze in which optics the university contribution to regional development has been studied. For that, we used the bibliometric analysis, performed from the data collection on Scopus and Redalyc platforms. The results show that, although the topic has gained some evidence in the last five years, there is still a lack of research that deeply discusses the relationship between universities and regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was written in 2003-04 and aims to investigate the two cycles of US economic expansion in the late of the 20th Century and the 2001 financial crisis. For this purpose, it starts an examination of the mutations of the capital since the 1970s. In the end, it analyzes the international context and the changes in the US hegemony nature at the beginnings of the 21st Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay challenges contemporary Portuguese policies aimed at promoting tourism growth and the development of large transport infrastructures that make continuous economic growth possible. It considers the new Lisbon airport as an example. It uses a hypothetic-deductive methodological approach based on the concept of immotility to deliver its argument. Immotility is defined as the possibility of not travelling as a common good to be endorsed by public policies. The essay begins by demonstrating that – even though they are associated with important economic benefits – policies aimed at promoting intensive tourism and mobility are problematic in terms of sustainability, well-being and resilience. After this, the essay argues that the Portuguese debate about tourism and mobility is undemocratic as possible alternatives are being excluded without the necessary collective reflection and approval. It is therefore considered urgent to open an inclusive large-scale debate about which future Portuguese society wants to pursue, while explicitly addressing which accessibilities, skills, symbolic meanings, and material conditions should be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze which components of public spending influenced the economic growth of the municipalities of Maranhão in the 2006-2016 period. For this, an analysis was performed disaggregated by economic category (current and capital expenditure) and functional category of municipal public expenditure (education, transportation, assistance, defense and investments). Current expenditures are positively correlated and statistically significant in relation to the economic growth of the municipalities of Maranhão, however with legal limit for its execution in accordance with the Fiscal Responsibility Law (LRF). The expenses with education and culture, health and sanitation, defense and investments have also proved productive and contribute to the economic growth of the municipalities of Maranhão. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology and innovation have become indispensible for economic success since they are basic variables within the country's growth and economic development process. The structure of Brazilian exports will be evaluated according to their technological and demand profile through Lall's technological taxonomy (2000), for 2007-2017. The Structuralist/Schumpeterian theoretical basis is employed, or rather, what every country produces and, consequently, exports, is relevant to attain technological dynamism, increase in productivity and income. Three indexes of international commerce are determined, namely Market-Share (MS), Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCAI) and Contribution to Surplus Index (CSI), whilst the Competitive Matrix developed by CEPAL was employed to examine the Brazilian export performance. Results of indexes demonstrate that the only sectors that have (1) market participation greater than Brazilian general average; (2) revealed comparative advantages; 3) contribution to surplus of positive commercial balance in all the years under analysis were Primary Products (PP) and Natural Resources Bases (RB1 and RB2). The commercial insertion of Brazil within the world market is still vulnerable since it is concentrated on primary products, only slightly complex, with low aggregate value and low innovatory content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation produces economic growth and development to nations, as well as introduces novelty and improvement in organizations. The success of an organization's innovation may depends on innovations in the external environment and on the relationships with the players in its innovation ecosystem. In this way, the research aimed to identify the main players in the innovation ecosystem of Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras), those who collaborate for the company's Research & Development activities. For this, it were used Petrobras' technology reports through an adaptation of the content analysis. Through the reports, it can be established that Petrobras leads its ecosystem and that most technological development projects come from the relationship with the academic comunity. It was identified that the main players in Petrobras' innovation ecosystem are: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Baker Hughes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present environmental licensing as a public state policy and an instrument capable of technically evaluating business activity in the face of the discourse of economic growth. In this context, after the Stockholm Convention, with the strong environmental sentiment instituted by the world and, consequently, with the issue of specific legislation in the environmental area of Brazil, companies had to subordinate their activities to the State. With this situation, we confront the Right to the ecologically balanced environment and economic development, both present in Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988, in contrast to the foundations of Foucault's theory of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work comprised the development of studies related to sustainable and ecological tourism, which contributed to subsidies for the promotion of tourist attractions and the progressive increase of tourists. Through effective tourism planning used to provide development and infrastructure within the tourist circuits of the waters. The approached methodology provided a bibliographic and local survey of Ilha das Couves in Ubatuba, which presented a data collection for the determination of factors and perspectives of public management in actions with the aim of minimizing the flow of tourists and better local quality of life. In this study, the object presented was a proposal for actions that assist in the process of sustainable planning in Ilha das Couves-Ubatuba, providing proposals to foster conscious tourism growth to minimize environmental impacts caused by human activities and thus contribute to the economic and social growth. The results of this research actions so that public managers can use and apply in a planned way and conclude that the preservation of these natural resources are fundamental for both the region and the tourist who will use it consciously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]