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The term reverted is well known to the multiracial community in Malaysia. They are a minority group that should be given priority in the country's preaching agenda by celebrating all cultural differences and spoken languages. The limited preaching efforts coupled with the careless attitude of the majority of the existing Muslim community, who deliberately underestimate the duty of preaching to the non-Muslim community in particular, is very worrying. Therefore, this study investigates the concept of Ebit Lew's thoughts and struggles in preaching the revert in our country. His prominence in the preaching of the reverted is known for sure and investigated despite the various challenges faced when carrying out preaching. The study employs a qualitative method of analyzing primer and seconder data descriptively. The finding shows that his efforts in preaching are of assistance to religious people and scholars. In a strict sense, his preaching movement towards the revert should be emulated and considered a realistic preaching revolution to be continuously developed in a pluralistic society in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harun Nasution is one of the prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectuals who has played an influential role in rebuilding the traditional style of Islamic education thinking into rational thinking within the Islamic Higher Education environment in Indonesia. This study aspires to analyze Harun Nasution’s style of Islamic educational thought. The method used in this study is qualitative, which focuses on carrying out systematic presentations related to research questions to be analyzed in order to get results as conclusions. At the same time, this research uses a document analysis study approach. The study results show that Harun Nasution’s style of Islamic education is religious and rational. In this style of Islamic educational thought, there are several considerations, for instance, rational Islamic educational thinking, integrationist Islamic educational thinking, Islamic educational goals, Islamic educational materials, and Islamic educational methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of religious extremism is not new in people’s lives. The development of technology in the world of chemo indirectly seeks to affect the lives of Malay Muslims, especially in writing on social media. Extremist groups make social media one of the platforms to spread their ideology. This borderless medium caused extremist groups to spread information freely and easily, causing the Muslim Malay community to become deceived by extreme ideology. Various extremist writings are loose and scattered in society such as writings that are unquestioned and filled with slander, untrue news that is censored, writings that worsened the past scholars and writings that doubted their validity without using the right methods. This study aims to determine the parameters of writing wasatiyyah preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists. This study was obtained using qualitative methodology, namely through the method of interviewing with 4 informants and through round table discussion consisting of 5 panels. The selection of informants is determined by purposive sampling. The data obtained is analyzed descriptively using Atlas. ti software. The results of this study found that among the parameters of wasatiyyah thought of preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists is the proof of valid and precise method (manhaj) of proof according to members of the sunnah wal jamaah, sources of reference that are muktabar and recognize the scholarly scholarship of the past. The implications of this measurement can be used as a guide to preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Irādah’ means the will of Allah SWT, while ‘amr’ is the command of Allah SWT who only commands good things and forbids bad things. Jalaluddin al-Rumi (1207-1273) used his own method in collecting debates on the commands and wills of Allah SWT in a layered way through the prose of verses in Mathnawi. The philosophy of occasionalism brings the understanding that everything is moved by God, to prove the existence of God through God’s intervention in every matter. Although the understanding of the concept of ‘irādah and amr’ of Allah SWT between the Sufi perspective of Jalaluddin al-Rumi and the philosophy of occasionalism has common points in acknowledging the existence and will of God, there are differences when involving God’s commands in the ‘moral’ debate, i.e. good and bad. The difference between the two perspectives should be clearly and carefully understood in order to avoid confusion that Western and Islamic occasionalism are the same. This article examines and focuses on the concept of will and command of Allah SWT according to Jalaluddin al-Rumi, as well as making a comparison with Western philosophy of occasionalism. This writing uses qualitative research methodology through content analysis and comparative methods. The implications of this article show the difference between the beliefs believed by Western thought and the beliefs Muslims should believe in as outlined in Islam itself. In fact, this article also explains the importance of obeying the ‘will and command’ of Allah SWT without exception of one of them. The results of the study show that the concept of the will of Allah SWT brought by Jalaluddin al-Rumi has a close resemblance to the Western philosophy of occasionalism. It appears as an idea that defends God’s intervention in human life while rejecting secularism. Meanwhile, the concept of the command of Allah SWT highlights its specialness compared to Western philosophy of occasionalism because the belief in Allah SWT displayed by Jalaluddin al-Rumi does not completely set aside His command which is always a life obligation for a Muslim believer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patience is a trait that is praised by religion because it is one of the great virtues of prophethood. However, the community environment destroys the order of the community that fails to control angry emotions resulting in immoral in the neighborhood community. There are many cases of arguments due to anger involving behavior of communities that are very worrying. Therefore, the patient approach should be emulated based on the practice shown by the Prophet PBUH. The implementation of patience reflects the moral ethics of Muslim society. This article uses literature review through several primary and secondary sources. This article also uses deductive and thematic methods. The results of the study found that patience is part of the value of human moral development. The component of patience needs to be practiced in dealings involving the legacy of social life in the neighboring lifestyle community. Therefore, elements such as language reservation in the neighboring community encourage honoring neighbors, maintaining neighborly harmony, and avoiding bad neighbors need to be tempered with patience. Therefore, the relevance of patience should be nurtured from a young age. In addition, it should be applied in social interaction oriented to a prophetic approach to create harmony among community members, especially neighbors in continuing struggle of challenging life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History records that intermarriage between Datu from the Sulu Island with Idahan women has occurred since the 17th century. The result of intermarriage between the two had given birth to heirs known as Kedatuan-Idahan. This paper discusses the history of Kedatuan and intermarriage in Sabah, which contributed to the strengthening of Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. This study involves data collection using qualitative methods based on textual content analysis and in-depth interviews with selected key informants in several villages of the Idahan community in Lahad Datu. The study results show that the intermarriage between a Datu from the Sulu Island and an Idahan woman has produced an heir with a kinship relationship with the Sulu sultanate. This kinship relationship strengthens the dominance of the bird's nest economic activity, which is in high demand from Chinese traders. The findings of the study also show that carrying the title of Datu and Dayang at the base of the heir's name to the Kedatuan further strengthens the Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. The study also found that the Kedatuan-Idahan intermarriage impacted the Idahan community's political position in the Darvel Bay area and contributed to the early settlement of the Muslim community on the east coast of Sabah. The role of Kedatuan also explains the importance of their position as Muslim religious leaders in the Lahad Datu district and their involvement in the Cobbold Commission until the formation of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world was shaken by the emergence of the novel coronavirus or simply known as Covid-19 in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Day by day, the number of those diagnosed with novel coronavirus is increasing. It has spread rapidly worldwide, even causing millions of patients and even deaths. In dealing with that epidemic, indeed many Muslims particularly and human beings generally are quite panicked, confused, angry and worried which it certainly threatens the harmony of themselves and society. Thus, this article attempts to explore and study the nature of patience according to Imam al-Ghazali and the importance of its experience to Muslims in particularly facing the challenges and effects of Covid-19. This article uses the method of literature review by referring to books, journal articles, chapters in books, newspapers and other materials related to that title. The results of the study found that the patient is practiced by Muslims especially in the face of challenges and threats Covid-19 is capable to produce a calm, peaceful, strong and contented nature with various tests that befall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diplomacy of the Great Powers in the Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict of 1875-1878 led the Ottoman government to sign The Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The Treaty of Berlin gave the Austria-Hungary empire a mandate to occupy and administer Bosnia-Herzegovina. It has initiated a migration process in Bosnia-Herzegovina among its population, especially the Muslims. This article will examine issues that led to the migration of Muslims from Bosnia-Herzegovina to other territories in the Ottoman Turkish empire before the outbreak of World War 1. Analysis on these issues used primary data from the British records from its embassy in Bosnia- Herzegovina. The study found that the issue of religion was the dominant factor in the migration process that took place among the Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The migration process increased after Bosnia-Herzegovina was officially announced under the Austro-Hungarian administration in 1908. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of waqf is vital in the development of the entire Muslim community. The waqf system at the Perbadanan Wakaf Selangor (PWS) has expanded in various ways or methods to include cash waqf, general waqf and special waqf, therefore providing Muslims with the opportunity to perform worship in a collective manner in order to enhance the Muslim community’s socio-economic status. This study was conducted to understand the concept of land purchase using cash waqf in the state of Selangor. The objective of this study is to ascertain the current status of waqf for the purchase of land through the cash waqf mechanism, along with issues in implementing it. This study used both the library study method and a field study to collect qualitative data. Data for this study was also obtained from semi-structural interviews with PWS officers and those involved in the management of waqf property. The findings show that waqf for land purchase within the state of Selangor has achieved its objective, despite challenges faced. The constraints regarding the waqf system are that the waqf fund collection had not achieved its target in addition to the short contract durations, which had caused the development of the planned waqf property to not run smoothly. Several recommendations and policy implications are suggested to ease future purchases of land through the cash waqf scheme so that it will become a valuable asset used for Muslims’ economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabah's multi-ethnic population with different backgrounds and cultures encourages them to borrow languages from other ethnicities as a sign of national unity. This language borrowing is not limited to one ethnicity but across religious beliefs. The word astaga is one example of the language-borrowing practices that have been used by various ethnic groups in Sabah regardless of religion; Islam or non-Islam. The expression is considered to be derived from the Arabic abbreviation astaghfirullah which means to ask for forgiveness from Allah. There is a perception among the Muslim community that the use of astaga will affect the faith because the incomplete phrase astaghfirullah or istighfar will affect the true meaning of the expression. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the perceptions and thoughts of the Muslim community in Sabah about the use of astaga in their daily expressions. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches in the form of percentages for the purpose of data analysis, while questionnaires are used for the purpose of data collection. The study found that expression of astaga does not come from Arabic summarized thus said to undermine the faith, but refers to the expression of Bahasa Melayu Sabah (BMS) that have been used in everyday conversation with a specific function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-religious interactions are often overshadowed by a tendency to negative perceptions among multi-ethnic and religious communities. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the perception of religious practice among the Chinese in a residential area at Terengganu. The data obtained through the qualitative method of interviews over the fifteen community members residing in the Padang Midin, Kuala Terengganu. The result showed that information that related to Islamic teaching was found to be obtained through a life dialogue that occurred among non-Muslim Chinese communities with the Malay Muslim community. The results of the study found that the perception for the practice of religious harmony consist of positive and negative perception. The Chinese community gives a positive perception towards the religious practices of the Muslim community, such as Muslim people are honest, helpful, and like to give souvenirs. While, in a negative aspect there a few practices that interrupt the process of religious harmony such as nuisance and the emphasis was done by Malay Muslim teenagers that live in a residential area. Religious harmony can be achieved through dialogue of life because the Chinese community gets a lot of knowledge regarding to Islamic religion at a certain extent of correcting their negative perceptions towards Islam. The results of this study are important to expose the actual challenges faced in ensuring the sustainability of a peaceful life and pillars in the residential area that have various ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zakat instrument plays an important role as a component in the economic system to build a more prosperous socio-economy for Muslims in Malaysia, in addition to the existing tax system. The total collection of zakat on income increases every year in each state. This is caused by various factors, including the possibility of zakat payers who pay zakat on income in excess of the zakat obligatory rate. However, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence zakat payers to pay zakat on income in excess of the zakat obligatory rate. This study is significant because the zakat institution needs to focus on these factors so that the amount of zakat collection of income will continue to increase at a larger rate, which will ultimately increase the benefits of zakat distribution to asnaf. This study examined the factors that influence the Muslim community to pay zakat on income in excess of the prescribed rates. It also analyzed the community’s perception of the implementation of the zakat and tax systems in Malaysia. Descriptive analysis of mean score test, Alpha Cronbach analysis, and values of difference in GAP mean were applied to respondents at Jabatan Agama Islam Melaka (JAIM). The findings show that the ratio of income zakat payment to the obligatory zakat exceeded by 0.4, which is capable of constituting 21 percent of total zakat collection of Melaka. Interestingly, the study finds that this behaviour is driven by religious factors and that the altruism factor significantly affects the behaviour of paying income zakat in excess. Next, the results of the study show that the majority of respondents are more satisfied with the zakat information and system rather than with the tax system. Some suggestions and policy implications were also discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the pessimistic criticism on church priests in Sayyid Qutub’s travelogue entitled Amrika Allati Raytu or its English translation, The America I Have Seen: In the Scale of Human Values. Sayyid Qutb was a modern Arab traveler and a great Islamic thinker. His ideology of thoughts has always been used as reference to help resurrect the spirit of the 20th century Muslim communities that have been colonized by Western powers. Sayyid Qutb spent his life by constantly producing writings for the use of Muslims. Each of his writings contains implicit meanings that need to be further explored, especially his travelogue which receives less attention than his other writings. Uniquely, this travelogue tells a lot about the negative side of American society from a religious point of view focusing on the personality and role of the priest in church. Therefore, this study will analyze the pessimistic criticism by using the theory of othering. This study is qualitative in nature using content analysis and documentation methods. It is hoped that this study can provide a new perspective in Arabic literature and Islamic travel literature especially from the aspect of religious criticism. The findings prove that Sayyid Qutb’s pessimistic criticism of 20th century church priests in the United States have implicit meanings as effort to defend Egyptian society from continuing to drift in blind admiration for Western ideology that was widespread at the time. With his status as an Islamic fighter in Egypt, the effort is seen as a fuel for the Islamic spirit for his countrymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This writing addresses the origin and development of Muslim philosophy of history developed from a framework of Muslim historiography. The focus is to assess the genesis of Muslim philosophy of history and its process of becoming a sub-field in Muslim historiography. Using historical chronology and document analysis approaches, this writing delves into the epistemology of Muslim historiography being expanded on the school of narrative intended to record the history by using the method of writing isnad, hawliyyah, khabar, dynasty, tabaqat and geneology which later changes and transformed into the method of historical analysis as was pioneered by Ibn Khaldun. To sum up, the coming into being of Ibn Khaldun in the 14th century has changed the paradigm of methodology dealing with Muslim historiography from narrative to analysis basis as he introduces a methodology and a framework of analysis used to understand the history and construct a comprehensive framework of Islamic civilization. The basis of Ibn Khaldun’s epistemology of history can be interpreted as the origin of Muslim philosophy of history discipline which later shapes the historical epistemology of Muslim philosophers of history post Ibn Khaldun, such as Malek Bennabi, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and Nayef al-Rodhan respectively representing distinguished ideas of history in the Muslim World in 20th and 21st centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam encourages harmonious family interaction between a mualaf with his non-Muslim family, provided it does not contradict any Islamic teachings. Muslims are prohibited from celebrating religious ceremonious of other religions, because it could affect their belief in Islam. Muslim converts occasionally encounter this difficult situation as they still have to interact with their non-Muslim family. The difference in religious belief leads them to change their interaction practices in order to adhere to the Islamic concept of faith (Tawhid). Thus, this study analyses Indian mualaf interaction with their non-Muslim family during the celebration of Hindu religious celebration. This is a qualitative research using content analysis and semi-structured interview. 20 respondents were selected through purposive sampling among mualaf Indian men and women, who were Hindus, attending classes at Kompleks Darul Hidayan (KDH) Kuala Lumpur and have converted to Islam for at least a year. Data collected were analysed descriptively and thematically. Research results find that some of the Indian mualaf visited their non-Muslim family members during the Hindu religious celebration day but did not participate in any Hindu religious ceremony. Some of them did not even contact or visit their non-Muslim family members. The research implication shows that the Indian mualaf at KDH understand the proper Islamic method of interaction with their non-Muslim family during Hindu religious celebration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay culture and Islam are strongly integrated, whereby Islam has, since its arrival, influenced the Malay way of thinking, morality, behavior, belief and faith. However, daily practices, which did not conform to true Islamic teachings, caused the Malay community to regress. This study analyzed the issue of regression faced by the Malay Muslim community in the mid-20th century, while identifying the role of Qalam, an Islamic magazine, in shaping the minds of the Malay community to prepare them for modernization before independence. A qualitative historical analysis and interpretation was conducted on the contents of Qalam magazine as the main reference and various other sources from the National Archives of Malaysia and the University of Malaya Library. Qalam had undoubtedly raised the voice of modernization and change among the Malays to move forward in line with increasing rapid development. Qalam had not only built a sense of social awareness and responsibility in the Malay community but also clarified the importance of changing their mindset towards the beliefs and traditional practices such as blind acceptance of predestination and superstitions which hinder the progress of the Malays. Qalam advocated the role of the ulama in leading and molding the minds of the Malay community to realistically and diligently face the challenges of modernity. Hence, the Malays must be aware of their own weaknesses, particularly, on the importance of reasoning, in order for them to overcome the state of stagnation and backwardness of knowledge and strive towards building excellence in the true Islamic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the women's fashion generally and Muslim women particularly struck impressively to community in Malaysia. Additionally, the appearance of fashion designers serving a variety of styles, colors, fashion clothes and jewels that attract of the women. In this phenomenon, ethics of Islamic clothing and tabarruj are deliberately or accidentally marginalized by some Muslims because of their passion in pursuing 'up-to-date' fashion. This means that the aspects of Shariah-compliant and tabarruj issues are considered to be quite trivial and less important to the Muslim community. However, this issue should not be limited to the general discussion because it actually related to the Muslim affairs, which not only focuses the aspects of clothing and personality, but also includes the behavior and dignity of women which has a tremendous impact on community values. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the latest phenomenon of Muslim women in Malaysia and tabarruj issues scientifically and critically. In addition, the ethics of Islamic clothing is recommended to the Muslim women. This study uses literature study only by analyzing books, magazines and others. The findings show that the clothing of Muslim women in modern times is no longer a requirement to cover aurat only, but also more on fashion. The fashion and design of Muslimah clothes and jewelry, sometimes putting them to the noncompliance of the Syariat's dressing of ethics and at the same time, they fall into tabarruj way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah is a well-known tariqa in the Muslim World. It is been associated to Sayyid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad b. Idris al-Hasani al-Araishi Al-Fasi (1757-1837). This article aims to expose the emergence of the tariqa and its influence in Malaysia. To achieve the objectives, this article employs a qualitative research method. Data collection is done by two methods, namely library research and document analysis. The obtained data were then analysed using historical analysis. The result of this study shows that Tariqa Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah was originally a spiritual base reform movement. After the demise of Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris, his teachings have been spread through the medium of various tariqa instituitions by his students. The Tariqa Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah in Malaysia has been introduced into Malaysia around the middle of the 19th century from Mecca through the followers of Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris' students. Since its introduction to Malaysia, it has become an influence tariqa in several states of Malaysia especially in Negeri Sembilan and Kelantan. Recent development of the Tariqa Ahmadiyya Idrisiyya shows the role and dominance of role of the Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris descendents from Sudan in spreading the tariqa influence within the Muslim community in Malaysia. After nearly two centuries, the practiced of the Tariqa in Malaysia has been sustained through the chain of teacher-student relationship at the international level using the tariqa institutional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic economic development is a task incumbent upon a good Muslim community. Indonesia has, in recent years, accelerated its economic development -especially in the area of infrastructure development -thereby requiring additional funding sources to aid this development. Thus, the government has issued Project Based Sukuk (PBS), which aims to finance the development of the country’s infrastructure. PBS is a Shariah-based financing instrument that is an alternative for Muslim communities which are interested in building a country’s economy without elements of ribā. This instrument has a main contract in the form of ijārah and supporting contracts, one of which is al-bay‘. However, the application of these contracts can only be said to be valid from a Sharā‘ perspective if all rules and conditions are throughly fulfilled. This study focuses on analyzing the application of the al-bay‘ contract on PBS. It uses a data collection method by interview and review of literature, which was then analyzed inductively to draw conclusions from the specific to the general. The study found that the majority application of the al-bay‘ contract to PBS is in line with the principles of Shariah, although there are still some issues still to be rectified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ṣukūk emerged in the last two decades as a noteworthy contender for conventional bonds. Their wider appeal for Muslim populations around the world led to more issuers preferring to issuing ̋ukūk over conventional bonds. This is the case for most countries in the Islamic World, but not Kuwait, despite it being a world-renowned pioneer and hub for innovation and creativity in Islamic Finance and Shariah-compliant capital markets. This study examines the legal and regulatory framework for ̋ukūk in the State of Kuwait after giving a brief history of its development. Through qualitative analysis of news sources, country reports, and academic papers, this study attempts to identify the major challenges and hurdles facing the development of ̋ukūk despite the illustrious track record of the Islamic Finance industry in Kuwait. As per the study, the most notable challenges and hurdles are in relation to the benchmark yield curve, public awareness, and listing of ̋ukūk. The study concludes by suggesting possible solutions which all require a higher level of coordination between government entities and relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surin Pitsuwan (1949-2017) is a respected Thai Muslim political figure at local, regional and international levels. Surin’s political leadership excellence in Thailand and Southeast Asia highlighted his reformative ideas of building the progress of Muslims society at the global stage. Surin used political and educational platforms to promote and implement his ideas of reform in building a respected Muslim community in Thailand. This study reveals Surin’s biography, elaborates Surin’s major ideas of community reform and examines Surin’s contributions and its implication to socio-political and economic development of the Muslim community in Thailand and Southeast Asia. This study uses document analysis, observation and interviews that are field-based qualitative methods as a means of data collection. The study summarizes the ideas of Surin’s reform in the context of elevating the position of Thailand Muslims focusing on the development of values and equality policies in administration and culture. It also emphasizes the importance of positive and harmonious process of acceptance and change adaptation of the current Islamic societies, especially in Thailand, in facing the challenges of today’s civilization. As well as the demand for building a strong, open and integrated educational institution in order to produce a competitive Muslims. Surin’s contributions in the socio-political and economic development of Muslim community in Thailand are significant and meaningful. Despite the struggle in building a respected Thai Muslim community, his life achievement in education and political career became inspiration for young Thailand Muslims to pursue self-development in all aspects of life in today’s challenging world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takmir studies in mosques are a form of lifelong learning (PSH) which has been implemented by Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) since 1985. It has contributed towards understanding the religion continuously among the Muslim community. Therefore, this research is to identify respondents’ acceptance towards the materials and teaching methodology of takmir studies in mosque institutions. This study used a quantitative research design. A total of 30 mosques were selected using cluster sampling in the state of Selangor. A total of 400 respondents were selected to participate in three district zones mosque in Selangor. Data were mainly collected through questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential based on the values of frequency, percentage, mean value and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results found that respondents’ acceptance of mawduk in akidah learning was at high mean value (mean = 3.90), the acceptance of mawduk in ibadah learning was at high mean value of 4.03, the acceptance of mawduk in akhlak learning was at moderate mean value (mean = 3.98), the acceptance of mawduk in hadith and tafsir learning was at moderate mean value (mean = 3.69), and the acceptance of mawduk in sirah learning was at the moderate mean value (mean = 3.69). In addition, this study found that the respondents’ acceptance towards the educators’ teaching methodology was at moderate mean value (mean = 3.58). This study also has found that there was a significant difference of frequency of respondents joining the mosque’s takmir studies with the materials provided (P = 0.007, P<0.05) and the teaching methodology (P = 0.035, P<0.05). The research implications showed that the mosque’s takmir studies was accepted well among Muslim community for providing them with important values towards lifelong learning (PSH) to strengthen their religious life. Thus, takmir studies in mosques should be organized systematically towards aspects related to the curriculum, teaching and learning materials and teacher training, in order to instill positive impact towards Muslims communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approach to non-Muslims among the da'wah movement in Malaysia has brought different approaches especially in relation to political relations with non-Muslims. This matter has implications in the selection and understanding by the dakwah movement of the hadiths that deal with non-Muslim approaches. This article discusses the hadiths relating to non-Muslims approach to the Dakwah Movement in Malaysia. The da'wah movement which is the focus of the study in looking at these hadiths is the two NGOs in Malaysia namely the Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (ISMA) and the Ikram Malaysia Organization (IKRAM). The studied Hadiths include the aspects of reconstruction and understanding of the approach to Non-Muslims among the Da'wah Movement. The findings show that the hadiths used by both da'wah movements have become similar and differentiated in the understanding of the approach towards non-Muslims in Malaysia. Equality is related to the understanding of the issue of al-Insaniah or the virtues of humanity towards non- Muslims. While the issue of difference is the aspect of political relations with non-Muslims where ISMA looks at the political situation in Malaysia with a view to disagree with the approaches in non-Muslim co-political (tahaluf siyasi) arrangements besides bringing the traditions that lead to the ban. While IKRAM is more concerned with building a non-Muslim political relationship and looking at good governance in government as well as the opportunity to convey dakwah and Islamic voices to non-Muslims. The implications of this study provide an understanding that the discussion of these hadiths is ijtihadi by both da'wah movements and each view has its own justification and argument in an effort to safeguard the welfare of Islam in Malaysia and the continuity of da'wah in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halal logo is an important symbol of the Muslim community in Malaysia especially and around the world. This logo is the standard for consumers in determining the legitimacy of a food. From a consumer perspective, it is one of the instruments for choosing food and restaurant premises as a dining destination. Although the existence of this logo is a positive development for Muslims in Malaysia, this scenario has caused the Muslim community to put their full reliance on this logo in the selection of restaurants. The level of knowledge in determining halal is low among the people. The community lacks the ability to determine the legitimacy of a food because of the high degree of dependence on the logo. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the concept of halal logo use, identifying consumer awareness of the use of halal logo and assessing the level of dependence of Muslim users on the halal logo. The design of the study was the observation-based survey. Participation observation is conducted to critically examine, view and review situations or events based on the objectives established. Unstructured observations are performed without reference to a specific set of activities or aspects. Observations were made on food premises located at one of the major shopping malls in the Klang Valley. The findings are expected to assess the extent to which consumers have been exposed to the use of halal logos in food establishments in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremism is not a new character in the social system of Muslims. This understanding is deeply rooted and often comes through misleading representations that make it difficult for the public to determine its true principles. The dispersion of some of them is extensive, well-planned and organized. The rapid changes in technology and the diversified media dissemination are among the factors this belief continues to penetrate the world and influence all social levels including professionals. Continuous efforts should be carried out to curb this belief from interfering with the unity of religion. In order to do so, this article will elaborate on the findings of the study to determine the level of knowledge and understanding of extremism among Muslims in Malaysia and the extent to which they react to extremism. Cross sectional survey design was used as the research method. The data were obtained through a set of questionnaires from 1459 samples of Muslim civil servants selected randomly from all over Malaysia. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0. The results show that the level of knowledge of Islamic extremism concept is high at min=4.06, sp=0.51, level of understanding of Islamic society on extremism is also high, min=4.30, sp=0.45 and their prevention reaction to extremism activity is also high, min=4.19, sp=0.42. It is crystal clear that overall findings of the study show that the Muslim community in Malaysia has matured into extremism affairs and has taken proactive approach in dealing with issues related to extremism. This finding also shows that the movement is still under control but should be monitored to maintain the religious harmony among the Muslim community in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of Syariah criminal law enforcement in Malaysia often invites negative comments and polemic among the Muslim society. Shariah criminal law must be treated with prudence, caution and carefull so as not to provoke criticism and slander from the public and to ensure that its enforcers emphasize the principles of justice. One of the issues that makes Syariah criminal law unsuccessful is that practitioners potray diffrences in interpreting existing legal provisions. The interpretation of the provision is necessary because the provisions stated are general, do not explain the actual meaning and the elements that constitute the offense. In addition, the need for interpretation is due to different backgrounds among the legal practitioners involved likes Religious Enforcement Officers, Syariah Prosecutors and Syariah Judges. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the interpretation of cohabitation offences under the Syariah Offences Enactment (Melaka state) 1991. This study is a qualitative study using a document analysis approach and semi-structured interviews in data collection. The data were analyzed thematically and descriptively. The results of this study are able to ilustrate in detail the meanings and elements of the provision of cohabitation. This study can assist the authorities, legal practitioners and Syariah Courts in enforcing Shariah criminal law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the absence of the father, the obligation to support an orphan financially was charged upon the heirs of the orphan's father according to fiqh and Islamic Family Law in Malaysia. However, Muslims in Malaysia may not clearly understand this as cases reported and filed on heirs in bearing orphans is quite rare and uncommon. This study identifies obligation of heirs in financing the orphan according to fiqh as well as Islamic Family Law in Malaysia, and to analyse the level of understanding and practices among Malaysians relating to this obligation. This study adopts a mixed mode design which consists of content analysis, careful surveys, and in-depth interviews with selected judges and orphanage managers in Klang Valley. For surveys, 400 respondents were randomly selected to represent Muslim society in Klang Valley and the findings were subject to descriptive statistics. The results found that society's level of understanding concerning the obligation of heirs in supporting the orphan is high in terms of fiqh or Islamic Family Law. Despite of this, in practice, the support received by orphans from their heirs after being orphanage is exceedingly discouraging. Meanwhile, cases filed on the heirs regarding their obligation to supporting and bearing the orphan are rarely reported. This study suggests the need for a body that can act to advise and assist the mother and guardian of orphans to file claim for the maintenance of orphans to heirs. Public awareness campaigns, particularly implication of negligence by the assignee from the perspective of the law and penalties that may be imposed by the authorities should be disseminated to the Muslim community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of contemporary Salafi school in the mainstream Muslims is intended to make the Ahl al-Salaf as the primary models of faith and to return the related problems of faith according to the path taken by the companions and tabi'in, which had been quoted only from the al-Quran and al-Sunnah. These stances left great influences on their method of interpretations upon the Quranic verses including the Ayat al-Sifat (verses on Divine Attributes) and condemning others out of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. Therefore this research is intended to identify responses of Muslim figures and scholars against the Contemporary Salafi School's stances and their method of interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat. In addition, this research is also intended to explain the views of the majority of scholars on the conceptual and methods of interpretation of Ayat al-Sifat adopted by the Ahl al- Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. The paper is produced with the synthesization of content analysis that focuses on published works by selected Contemporary Salafi school figures and other muslim scholars and also relevant contemporary researchers in relation to these issues of Ayat al-Sifat and its methods of interpretations. The results of this research found that most scholars do not accept the method of literal interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat proclaimed by Contemporary Salafi School due to the existence of two catogeries of the Quranic verses, which are known as Wadih Jalli and Khafi Mutashabih or Mutashabih al-Sifat. In certain cases, the method of 'ta'wil' is highly needed to clarify the meaning of Ayat al-Sifat so easily understood by human intellect and at the same time to purify Allah the almighty from signs of weaknesses and resemblance. The extreme acts from Contemporary Salafi School in defending their methods of interpretations make them an 'exclusive' school which separated themselves from other muslims, and limit the diversity of the methods of interpretations enabled by the majority of mufassirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, Friday sermons have been utilized by Slates' religious authorities and goyernmenl to Influence the opinion of majority Muslim Nevertheless, the extent of the khutba as a medium to increase the level of acceptance of Sharia law in Malaysia has yet lobe discussed by any researcher. Thus, this article will discuss on how far khutba has spread and promoted hudud law in Malaysia, a motion that contradicted to the government's stand, despites so many initiatives June been launched to curb the influence of Islamlsm in mosques This research analysed khutba texts that had been delivered in 201 i until 2016 in several Malaysian States which transcriptions were accessible on the official website of the state religious department. All texts were analysed using filvtvo II software by thematic approach. This study found that religious bureaucrats in state level have been playing significant roles in shaping the society s understanding and support for the prospect of hudud law. Even though it is considered as rhetoric, the hudud law has been depicted in khutba as a divine law that should not be criticized and believe to offer a solution to decrease the criminal rale in the society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the Muslim population ofMalaysia corresponds with the growth of the general population. Implicitly, projection of the value of unclaimed Muslim inheritance estate which has reached more than RM60 billion will be more critical if the increase in the Muslim population is not balanced with more comprehensive awareness and understanding of Islamic inheritance laws including the mechanism of takharuj in resolving distribution issues of Islamic inheritance laws. Given that Islamic inheritance laws must be complied with in distribution of inheritance estate, it must nevertheless be implemented in a realistic and practicable manner so that the objectives of the laws are achieved. Hence, the objective of this article is to discuss the relevance of applying the takharuj mechanism as a means of resolving distribution issues of inheritance within the framework of the Constitution and the socio-economy of the Muslim community in Malaysia. This qualitative research is based on primary and secondary sources using document analysis and is descriptively presented. Research results conclude that the takharuj approach is a significant and relevant aspect in the aspect of overcoming legal constraints in the context of Muslim inheritance distribution within the framework of the Constitution which constrains heirs from obtaining their rights, in dealing with extreme fragmentation ofproperty size and avoiding delay in managing of inheritance distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, the immovable inheritance assets which have not been claimed by Muslims have been increased yearly. The value of unclaimed inheritance assets was estimated worth RM60 billion in 2016 compared to RM40 billion in 2007. Late application to distribute the assets cause the process of distribution becomes complicated especially if it involves few generations of inheritors' death. This will also give impact on the management of inheritance asset distribution. Besides that, the existence of uneconomic idle lands and unpaid tax arrears also affects the country's economy. Thus, the objective of this article to observe the factors that cause the late application of immovable assets distribution and its solution. A qualitative study was used by analyzing the literature and partially structured interview. The result implicates two main problems in unclaimed Muslim immovable assets management which are the restriction of law and community social problems. Therefore, a practical solution is needed to overcome the matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Quran is deemed to be the first text or charter which recognizes the existence of other religions in addition to asserting the truth of Islam and expose incoherent and the faults of otherwise. The facts set forth in the al-Quran, al-Kafirun 109: 1-6. Similarly, there are many verses in the Quran that deal with religions, whether samawi or wadha`i religions. In presenting religions, the Quran highlight various methods of criticism such [i] method of comparison such as comparing the truth and falsehood or comparing between monotheism and polytheism, [ii] presents the falsehood faith based on historical method, [iii] method of arguing by demanding supported evidence, creed or faith from its believer. The diversity critical method of al-Quran is a guide for scholars and Muslim intellectuals in dealing with propaganda of religions other than Islam through their works. The works Izhar al-Haq has written by Syeikh Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (1818-1891) is subjected in this article. Discussion of this article focuses on al-Kairanawi's adaptation on the Quranic approach in criticizing the Bible; equation issues in Izhar al-Haq and the Quran; critical method by arguing and demanding textual evidences that are believed by the defendant. The methodology adopted in this study is content analysis and comparison between the approaches of the Izhar al-Haq and the Quran. Finally, the article concludes that al-Kairanawi approach in his Izhar al-Haq is accordance with the approach of the Quran in criticizing the Bible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contentious issues among the beneiciaries in resolving the division of inheritance is often made headlines. Obliged to accept the resolution of faraid without understanding and tolerance among heirs to cause the cases of inheritance being dificult to be resolved. No wonder more than RM42 billion of valuation of Malay propertyship not be claimed. All of these problems would not exist if the Muslim community in Malaysia especially heirs are aware of Islamic law of inheritance holistically encompasses the takharuj. Takharuj mean withdrawing from receiving the inheritance, whether in part or in total by giving its share to the other heirs either by consideration or without consideration. This concept is allowed in Islam, provided all beneiciaries involved agree and consent. Takharuj actually give space to the heirs divide the property in the best way. Takharuj is part of law of faraid itself because any rejection and withdrawal made by beneiciaries within the limits of right and rate prescribed by law. The objective of this study is to identify the views of Muslim scholars regarding the concept of takharuj. Next, to review the application of takharuj in the cases of small heirloom estate in Kuala Terengganu. And then, to identify methods of solution applied as to takharuj in Kuala Terengganu either in accordance with the concept of Islam or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the horoscope, which is one branch of beliefs involving prediction and fortune-looking based on star which became a phenomenon in the life of society nowadays. This belief that has existed since the time of Prophet Ibrahim AS continues to grow and remains to the day. The main objective of this study is to identify the factor or factors that leading the students to involve in the horoscope. In fact, the study is intended to provide awareness to the Muslim community to be more aware of and sensitive to this activity that seems normal but is able to undermine and demolish faith institutions. Result shows that the mass media is the main factor in students' involvement in their horoscope and it assumes the horoscope is for entertainment only, unaware of the consequences that would damage the faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of dakwah to the matured people deinitely is not similar to the youngster . Especially, if the man or woman coming from related or family ancestors. The article discusses the method used by the messenger of Ibrahim toward his father (Azar). The reason for the selection of this story because in the Quran, Allah has made commendation for Ibrahim as a messenger in moral aspects. One of these commendations is about his relationship with his father who was known in history as unbeliever until his last life. The purpose of this research is to investigate his method towards his father as mentioned in the Quran. In the interest of validity and reliability of data, the study therefore uses document analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imam al-Ash'ari was the founder and leading figure of the Asha'irah sect of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. His approach is often used as a main reference by Muslims since the time of its appearance until now concerning questions of faith. Some other schools of thought try to claim that the holding of Imam al-Ash'ari doctrine coincides with their beliefs. Imam al-Ash'ari is said to go through three stages of thought before he returned to the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah at the end of his life to follow Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal the leadership of Salaf. Therefore, anyone who does not abide by the final stand of Imam al-Ash'ari, they are not considered as Asha'irah followers for conflicting Imam al-Ash'ari and Salaf scholars as recognized the best of generations. To assure the issues, this article is put forward to reexamine of the truth of the allegations either Imam al-Ash'ari has gone through three stages of thought or otherwise. Through document analysis method based on the works of Imam al-Ash'ari and his followers, the study found that Imam al-Ash'ari only used two stages of thought; Mu'tazilah initially and Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah in the end. Imam al-Ash'ari also used the tafwid Salaf and Khalaf interpretation methods especially in interacting with mutashabihat texts throughout his stay with the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. The study also identified that the disagreements among Asha'irah when determining the thoughts of Imam al-Ash'ari is due to their uncertainty about the exact date of his works written. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, a comprehensif and practical guide on muamalat procedures in banking transaction is still limited. This article attempts to discuss the intrinsic construct of the bank choice determinants according to the ideal Muslim. A group of experts who are among the religious figures, practitioners, consultants and academicians were interviewed. Comments were recorded, collated and themes extracted using grounded theory. Four themes emerged, namely halal and haram deliberation, quality consumption, return of maslahah and capability-based consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religionswissenschaft or The Science of Comparative Religion is a field of knowledge and initiated by Islamic scholars and Muslims community. This fact is not strange because Qur'an and Sunnah promoting such idea. Tradition and legacy of the Qur'an and the Sunnah in exposing the incoherence of the other religions than Islam has been propagated by the Islamic scholars and Muslim intellectuals. Among the notable works and the most influential on Religionswissenschaft, especially in Muslim-Christian debate and dialogue is Izhar al-Haqq, authored by Sheikh Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (d. 1308H). This article will focus on the following issues that is the critical approach of Syeikh Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi in Izhar al-Haqq; his criticisms on the Bible, and the discussion on the doctrine of Trinity. The methodology has been applied in this study is the content analysis and comparison of beliefs. Finally, this article concludes that Syeikh Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi's critical approach in exposing the contradictions and confusion existed in Christianity, particularly in the Bible, is unique in Religionswissenschaft's discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the issue of Muslim imitation of non-Muslims, particularly in respect of the celebrations of the multicultural society in Malaysia. Recently, arguments have emerged pertaining to the issue of Muslim practices of imitation of non-Muslim celebrations, such as participating in celebration in the temples or churches and wearing the special symbol of a particular religion. In accordance with this, the imitation phenomenon has raised jurisprudential implications for Muslims. This article attempts to analyse this kind of social phenomenon by referring to the traditions of the Prophet PBUH that strictly prohibited this practice. Moreover, this study discusses the patterns of imitation that are permitted and prohibited according to Islamic jurisprudence. The results of this study show there are prohibited imitations being practiced by Muslims in Malaysia, especially in respect of festivals and celebrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book of Furū' al-Masā'il by Sheikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Faṭanī (1131-1265H/1718-1847M), an Islamic religous work written in jawi, was considered a masterpiece in the field of Islamic jurisprudence at the time of his appearance in the nineteenth-century. This book contains almost all the titles in the field of Islamic jurisprudence including fiqh al-mu'āmalat or Islamic transactions. One of the titles covered in fiqh al-mu'āmalat, which is no less important, is the title of khiyār or option. Therefore, this article attempts to analyse the concept of khiyār as discussed by Sheikh Daud in this book. In analysing the corpus study, this article applies the content analysis methods through a thematic approach that is grouped under six subtitles: definition of khiyār, classification of khiyār, khiyār majlis or option during the meeting, khiyār syart or option of condition, khiyār 'ayb or option of defect, and arsy or rebate. In addition, the approach draws a comparison with the views of major Shāfi'ī jurists. This article identifies the view of Syeikh Daud al-Faṭānī concerning the concept of khiyār, which is within the scope of discussion Shafi'i school of jurisprudence. This clearly indicates that the school of thought of Sheikh Daud al-Faṭānī was a continuation of a series of traditional Islamic sciences that draws on the family cluster and network of genealogy of jurisprudence references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay Muslims are regarded as loyal adherents of Shafi'i madhhab since they embraced Islam centuries ago. The strict adherence to the madhhab, however, sometimes leads them to some difficulties when some Shāfi'ī standpoints do not suit certain circumstances or needs. Hence, they start to look for viewpoints from other madhhabs, which are considered as more adaptable to their situation and need. However, this step is considered as a last resort when no acceptable answer is found in the madhhab. This move should also be differentiated from the idea of borderless fiqh propounded by the reformists to free the Malays from holding to a specific madhhab. Whilst occasionally adopting the views of other madhhabs is permissible by the majority of Malay ulamas, being free from holding to a certain madhhab is seen as tantamount to heresy, and, therefore, should not be allowed. There is a thin line between both situations and this could lead one to confusion if it is not properly understood. This paper attempts to analyse the issues based on the perspectives of the Islamic traditionalism and reformism. Although the conflicting thoughts of both parties on this particular issue are hard to reconcile, there are some common standpoints that can lead to positive collaboration between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse the zakat payment method implemented by the Pusat Pungutan Zakat - Wilayah Persekutuan (PPZ-MAIWP). Based on data from 2003 to 2009, PPZ-MAIWP has recorded a positive trend of total annual zakat collection. This increasing trend was driven by the PPZ-MAIWP initiative to implement a variety of payment mechanisms in line with the needs and technological change. Thus, their initiatives can become a model to other charity institutions. Furthermore, it will also provide opportunities and facilitate Muslims in Malaysia fulfilling the Islamic pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public confidence concerning the permissibility of a particular product or whether it is halal, particularly for Muslims, is secured through the display or label confirming halal certification issued by an authorized or recognized organization. To the producers, halal certification can be considered as a marketing tool. In Malaysia, several regulations have been put in place relating to halal certification or labelling. The main complaint pertaining to halal certification in Malaysia concerns the existence of several halal certification bodies, which has created confusion among the Muslim consumers. The aim of this article is to analyse the reasons for this confusion and to offer some practical solutions from the legal point of view. Data are collected through library research and interviews with relevant government officials. Descriptive and content analysis of the reading materials and relevant law statutes is used in the discussion. The findings from the analysis of the data collected suggest that the existing legal provisions, especially Trade Description Rules 1972, are not equipped to deal with the current issues and challenges of halal certification, especially concerning the control over halal certification bodies that offer the service of halal certification to the public. This article, to a limited extent, attempts to highlight several important developments, especially the introduction of the new Trade Descriptions Act 2011, which was not available at the time this article was written. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conditional hibah (bequest) in favour has become a popular product in Malaysia with a market that is growing in tandem with the rapid development of the nation's Muslim estate planning industry. Such products with the underlying conditional hibah principle need to be viewed in terms of the law, type of contract and impact on the contracting parties. However, written laws of conditional hibah in favour are still lacking in Malaysia in contrast with those provided under the Civil Law of Jordan. Therefore, this article aims to examine the views of the Islamic jurists on the conditional hibah in favour and the relevant provisions in the Civil Law of Jordan. Specific written laws for hibah are essential for regulating hibah transactions in the emerging markets so that they are consistent with the sharia principles and meet the demand of the Islamic community in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatwa of a companion, as one of the disputed sources of Islamic law, has its role in explaining law derived from Ijtihad that is formulated by the companion. The two main functions of this Ijtihad are to reinterpret law that is available in the legal text and to explicate something new without going against the Islamic law. This article aims to elucidate its definition and the opinion of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence scholars on matters relating thereto. The discussion is also centred on the specific cases on farā'id, which is well-known for its particular name and calculation that made it famous. Four cases have been chosen as samples - al-musharrakah case, al-kharqa' case, al-akdariyyah case and al-hamziyyah. Generally, the authority for deriving Ijtihad focuses more on the individuals who were frequently referred to in issuing a fatwa. In addition, the role of Ijtihad of a companion in elaborating a law is very important even though it has already been detailed in legal text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Parliament of Malaysia passed the Islamic Banking Act 1983 (Act 276), it has been shown that the scope of Islamic law implemented in Malaysia is no longer limited to the scope specified in List II of the Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution. Pursuant to List II, the scope of Islamic law is limited to personal law and religious offences only. The Islamic Banking Act 1983 (Act 276) in governing the Islamic banking and finance system has widened the scope of Islamic law. The implementation of an Islamic banking and financial system also has implications for the administrative aspects of Islamic law. The scope of Islamic law, as specified in List II, remains under the State's jurisdiction. Meanwhile, the Federal's jurisdiction has the power in governing and regulating Islamic banking and financial matters. This phenomenon also shows the impact of the judicial jurisdiction of the Syariah court and civil court over the scope of Islamic law in Malaysia. In this regard, the Syariah court retains its jurisdiction over the scope of Islamic law enunciated under List II. However, matters pertaining to Islamic banking and finance are subject to the jurisdiction of civil courts. Henceforth, this article seeks to analyze the implications that arise in respect of the administration of Islamic law under the Federal and State Legislature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the Islamic and scientific approaches in determining water quality classifications. It elaborates on the water classes, index ranges and parameters stipulated in the Water Quality Index-Department of the Environment (WQI-DOE) in the context of its strategies for controlling water pollution from point sources and provides a comparative analysiSWTh the tahārah-najāsah standards that are embedded in Islamic Hygienical Jurisprudence. Based on these research findings, the approach of Islamic Law is still relevant and applicable because of its universal and dynamic values. There is also compliance between the Islamic Law (conventional measurement) and WQI-DOE (scientific measurement) in standardizing and gauging water quality. The similarities can be clearly seen in both water quality parameters, especially concerning the aspects of acceptability (taste, odour and appearance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past, Malay Muslims contributed by enriching the collection of writings. Among them is Shaykh 'Abdul Qadīrbin 'Abdul Rahīm Bukit Bayas. His book, entitled Risalah Fi Bayan Ḥukm Al-Bay' Wa Al-Ribā is an essential reference, particularly in discussing Fiqh al- Mu'āmalāt. This study will attempt to highlight the author's biodata and the history of the book, how the manuscript is tracked, as well as analysing the content of his book. The data were collected from library research, documentation method and interviews. Then, they were analysed by analysis content method. The study found that Shaykh is one of the Malay scholars who played a role in delivering the Fiqh al-Mu'āmalāt in the local mould. In conclusion, the author is considered to be an influential scholar in Terengganu although he is not so famous. The book should be consulted in order to gain benefit therefrom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Andalus region was famous for its agriculture. Although the Andalus is widely known as an area that receives less rain, but its ability to develop irrigation system has triumphed to gambol the development and growth in this field. This paper discusses one of agriculture products, namely flora. Discussion concentrates on how the flora used and benefited by the community of Andalus. However, the scope of the debate confined to the flora found in the Kitab al-Nabat written by al-Dinawari. It aims to reveal the function of floral diversity that benefits the community in Andalus. This study uses content analysis method to examine the content of the book of al-Nabat in order to elucidate exactly how the flora had given the benefit to the lives of people all day in Andalus. The result of the study found that the flora which existed in Andalus can provide benefits in various aspects to the Muslim community in Andalus such as in the aspects of industrial food, grease oil, electrical power sources, clothing, perfume, timber industry and medicine. Nonetheless, this study focuses only on its utility in the food industry, clothing and perfume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dealing with modern Islamic financial engineering, Shariah provides us with considerable flexibility to invent new contracts, as long as we do not contravene the basic principles of Islamic law. In addition, we found that Shariah scholars in their classical works on Islamic law paid great attention to the nominate contracts; the contracts that historically have specific names with specific features. Through our research on the classical works of Islamic law, all these nominate contracts play a vital role as a basis for any new invention in financial contracts. This research, however, found that the specific names, such as syarikah, ijārah, wakālah, etc., are meaningless in Islamic law except to differentiate between the characteristics of each contract. Hence, the justification to refer new contracts to classical nominate contracts is to ensure that the legal impact of the new contracts does not lead to any prohibited contract or any wrong combination of two or more contracts that contradict each other, as well as to verify that the contracts will not oppose the general objectives (maqāṣid 'āmmah) of Sharīah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]