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This article reports the findings of a diachronic study of acknowledgement practices in 300 randomly collected research papers published during three different periods (1998, 2004 and 2012) in the most prestigious American and European astrophysics journals written in English. In order to investigate the influence of these practices on authorship patterns, we analyzed the distribution over time of a series of quantitative variables (number, length and types of acknowledgements, mean number of words/number of acknowledgements per research paper and mean number of acknowledgements/number of authors per research paper, number of named and unnamed acknowledgees, number of identified and anonymous referees, and number of emotionally charged-words). Comparisons between periods were carried out and Student’s t-tests were applied to the quantitative results. Our main findings show that acknowledgements are very common in astrophysics since they are present in 96% of the whole corpus. Financial, mainly public, and instrumental supports are the most frequently acknowledged categories. The number and length of acknowledgements and the mean number of words/number of acknowledgements per research paper grow over time. Financial, instrumental and conceptual assistance, unnamed individuals and anonymous referees increase over time, whereas moral, editorial and unclassified supports, named individuals and identified referees, and emotionally-charged words decline. If we focus on each journal publication context, we can observe that the research papers published in the American journals include more and longer acknowledgements, with a higher mean number of acknowledgements per author, more financial and instrumental supports, and a lower percentage of emotionally-charged words, whereas the European journals contain more conceptual and editorial supports. All these data can be understood in the frame of growing scientific professionalism, while a detailed cross-journal analysis may occasionally suggest honorary/guest/gift authorship.

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) and other interventions are rapidly evolving as a class of technologically driven interventional approaches in which many surgical specialties visualize fluorescent molecular tracers or biomarkers through associated cameras or oculars to guide clinical decisions on pathological lesion detection and excision/ablation. The technology has been commercialized for some specific applications, but also presents technical challenges unique to optical imaging that could confound the utility of some interventional procedures where real-time decisions must be made. Accordingly, the AAPM has initiated the publication of this Blue Paper of The Emerging Technology Working Group (TETAWG) and the creation of a Task Group from the Therapy Physics Committee within the Treatment Delivery Subcommittee. In describing the relevant issues, this document outlines the key parameters, stakeholders, impacts, and outcomes of clinical FGS technology and its applications. The presentation is not intended to be conclusive, but rather to inform the field of medical physics and stimulate the discussions needed in the field with respect to a seemingly low-risk imaging technology that has high potential for significant therapeutic impact. This AAPM Task Group is working toward consensus around guidelines and standards for advancing the field safely and effectively.

This paper presents a rhetorical analysis of the Introductions of Computer Science (CS) research articles from a specialized corpus with reference to “Announcement of Principal Findings” and “Statement of Value” steps within the framework of the “Create A Research Space” (CARS) model (Swales, 2004), conducted through corpus-based techniques. The results show that discoursal practices in CS are result-oriented and in various ways highlight the writers’ contribution. The results are explicitly described with embedded “value” statements in the elaborate explanations of the nature of the present research. The common linguistic indicators used for this purpose are “contribution”, “efficient” and “novel”. The discussion concludes with the suggestion to amend the CARS model for CS writers.

Writing is perceived as a difficult activity as it requires different competencies and abilities. Writing in a foreign language context is considered to be more difficult and needs special instruction. Considering today’s students’ interests and competence in information and communication (ICT) technologies, it becomes obvious that traditional writing instruction needs to be modified. This study suggests a new process writing model which is comprised of stages such as surfing, organizing, composing, revising, recomposing, and publishing. It is recommended that various online and offline tools, software, application and web sites can be integrated in the process. The primary aim with this technology-enhanced learning environment is to involve students in the writing process in an active way by making them use various digital tools in and out of the class and thus making them love writing. The study concludes that traditional pen-and-paper foreign language classrooms can be transformed into digital writing classes through integrating some digital tools into the suggested stages of the process. It is thought that this new digital writing process will help digital natives improve their writing skills as well as breaking down their prejudices towards foreign language writing.

Maintaining or repairing satellites in orbit is a delicate task that requires expert skills. The planning, training and analysis of on-orbit servicing (OOS) missions performed by astronauts or through remote operation using a robot is often time consuming and costly. Virtual Reality (VR) enables simulation and training in a flexible and safe environment. This paper describes an interactive real-time environment that supports a number of OOS tasks within an immersive VR environment. The system simulates the dynamic and kinematic behaviour of satellite components and provides photo-realistic visualization of satellite parts and the space environment. It integrates user interaction with haptic force feedback through a bi-manual haptic human machine interface, as well as simulates and interfaces to a humanoid robot for tele-operation.In order to provide a realistic experience at interactive frame rates, we propose a distributed system architecture, where the load of computing the physics simulation, haptic feedback and visualization of the complex scene is transferred to dedicated machines. The modular architecture is designed to allow the inclusion of further simulation processes. Several mechanisms for reducing the communication traffic have been implemented. This paper gives an overview of the system architecture, outlines the software implementation and documents an evaluation of the real-time performance of our system in detail. We describe how system performance was measured in terms of simulation timings and distribution load, as well as report on latencies at several stages. Results show that our distributed system is capable of providing visual and haptic feedback at high frame rates required for user interaction with end-to-end latencies of less than 8 ms and 3 ms, respectively.

By extending Andersen’s (2003) propositions, the current paper formalizes Luhmann’s four fundamental analytical frameworks and proposes a model that delineates the relations among them. That is, with the form analysis as the base framework, observation analysis is considered the social extension of form analysis as it involves the distinction observer / observed or ego / alter. Differentiation analysis is described as the factual extension of form as it distinguishes a system (this) and everything else (in its environment). Finally, semantic analysis is considered the temporal extension of form analysis as it focuses on the condensation of meaning over time. In addition, to overcome the abstractness of descriptions in the existing literature, this paper suggests the workable definitions that operationalize the analytical frames. Rich research examples are also presented to demonstrate the broad applicability of the four frameworks in communication research and their analytical gains. These theory-driven analytical frameworks are expected to provide meaningful connections between empirical data and theories, thereby enriching the field of communication research. In turn, more empirical applications will contribute to Luhmann’s systems theory by bringing in productive insights.

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyses a new type of wordforming element in Serbian, known as a splinter, used in the formation of lexical blends. The aims of the present research are: (a) to identify the most frequent splinters in Serbian blends, (b) to investigate which words or parts of words they tend to combine with and how, (c) to identify the meanings of these splinters, and (d) to explore whether the splinters show the potential to develop into new combining forms. The research is corpus-based. The examples of 172 lexical blends containing the 14 most frequent splinters are collected from several sources, including the studies and papers on blends in Serbian, the Serbian Web Corpus, and various other Internet and print sources. The analysis indicates that the vast majority of the splinters, which are segmented from nouns whose meanings they retain, combine also with nouns. Some of the splinters show the potential to become well-established bound morphemes, i.e. combining forms, through regularity in use or semantic generalisation and specialisation.

This paper aims at identifying interrelationship between a semantic feature of stativity with verbal aspectual opposition progressive/non-progressive in English. Beside telicity and duration, stativity is one of the three distinctive semantic features and expresses the existance of some quality in time without investing any energy, therefore it represents situations without dynamic segments. The procedure of creating aspectual verbal possibilities in English is based both on semantic and syntactic grounds so this paper also applies selectional restrictions that stative verbs impose when choosing aspectual form. Therefore, this paper establishes and analyses the correlation between stativity and aspectual verbal opposition on the corpus excerpted from the modern English novel.

The paper presents research results emerging from the analysis of Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPA) log data. Based on the assump­tion that media and data, as part of practice, are produced and used cooperatively, the paper discusses how IPA log data can be used to analyze (1) how the IPA systems operate through their connection to platforms and infrastructures, (2) how the dialog systems are de­signed today and (3) how users integrate them into their everyday social interaction. It also asks in which everyday practical contexts the IPA are placed on the system side and on the user side, and how privacy issues in particular are negotiated. It is argued that, in order to be able to investigate these questions, the technical-institutional and the cultural-theoretical perspective on media, which is common in German media linguistics, has to be complemented by a more fun­damental, i.e. social-theoretical and interactionist perspective.

The paper investigates two related questions that concern the realization of plural morphology on nouns across languages. The first question is whether markedness in the sense of complexity in form goes hand in hand with complexity in meaning. In other words, since plural nouns are formally more complex than singular nouns, does that mean that they differ in interpretation? On the basis of experimental and theoretical investigations the claim is supported that plurals, although morphologically more complex than singulars, are semantically unmarked across languages. The second question is what regulates the presence of plural morphology in numeral-noun constructions across languages, in light of the proposal that plural appears on nouns in such constructions only if it is semantically unmarked. The paper offers an explanation of this distribution by adopting a dual system of agreement, which distinguishes between CONCORD and INDEX features. By looking at these two questions, the paper makes a contribution to the discussion of the relationship between semantic and morphological markedness.

Despite a large number of available techniques around Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP), no holistic framework exists which supports researchers and practitioners to organise knowledge when designing, comparing and evaluating NLP applications. This paper addresses this lack of a holistic framework by developing a taxonomy for Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing. Based on a systematic literature review as proposed by Webster and Watson [1] and vom Brocke et al. [2] and the iterative taxonomy development process of Nickerson et al. [3] we derived five novel dimensions and 38 characteristics based on a sample of 205 papers. Our research suggests, that a Deep Learning NLP approach can be distinguished by five dimensions which were partly derived from the CRISP-DM methodology: application understanding, data preparation, modeling, learning technique and evaluation. We, therefore, hope to provide guidance and support for researchers and practitioners when using Deep Learning for NLP to design, compare and evaluate NLP applications.

In Studien mit Sekundärdaten wie Abrechnungsdaten von Krankenkassen wird man häufig vor methodische Herausforderungen gestellt, die v. a. durch die Zeitabhängigkeit, aber auch durch ungemessenes Confounding entstehen. In diesem Paper stellen wir Strategien vor, um verschiedene Biasquellen zu vermeiden und um den durch ungemessenes Confounding entstehenden Bias abzuschätzen. Wir illustrieren das Prinzip der Targets Trials, marginale Strukturmodelle und instrumentelle Variablen anhand von Studien mit der GePaRD Datenbank. Abschließend werden die Chancen und Limitationen von Record Linkage diskutiert, um fehlende Information in den Daten zu ergänzen. Studies using secondary data such as health care claims data are often faced with methodological challenges due to the time-dependence of key quantities or unmeasured confounding. In the present paper, we discuss approaches to avoid or suitably address various sources of potential bias. In particular, we illustrate the target trial principle, marginal structural models, and instrumental variables with examples from the “GePaRD” database. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of record linkage which can sometimes be used to supply missing information.

This demo paper presents an infrastructure to enable real- time monitoring of process events (i.e., telemetry). The infrastructure relies on the MQTT protocol which ensures minimum logging overhead. The paper presents a Java library for producing (i.e., logging) and con- suming events, built on top of HiveMQ. Additionally, a prototype dash- board to display basic statistics is reported and described.

This paper adds to the growing field of conversation analytical research on smartphone-use in face-to-face interactions. Whenever smartphones are used in mobile-supported sharing activities – e.g. to show a picture to co-present others – the smartphone user needs to search for and find the "searchable object" in the World Wide Web, an App or on the device's local memory. Analyzing audio-recordings of naturally-occurring conversations, this paper identifies two types of practices of speech that explicitly orient to ongoing smartphone-supported searches: Collaborative search (cf. Brown/McGregor/McMillan 2015) and search-accompanying commentary by the smartphone-user. Both practices verbally provide for the accountability of the otherwise opaque device use. They differ in the way they produce opportunities for co-present others to substantively contribute to the progression of the search as well as the degree to which they produce the search as an interactionally public event., Journal für Medienlinguistik, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2019): Special Issue: Mobile Medienpraktiken im Spannungsfeld von Öffentlichkeit, Privatheit und Anonymität

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami anglų kalbos diskurso žymikliai kind of ir sort of ir jų lietuviški atitikmenys. Šie anglų kalbos žymikliai pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais sulaukė nemažai tyrėjų dėmesio, tačiau kontrastyviniu aspektu jie beveik netirti: lygintos tik anglų ir čekų kalbos (Janebovà, Martinkovà 2017), o jų atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje visai nenagrinėti. Tyrimas remiasi tekstynų inspiruota kiekybine ir kokybine metodologija – empirinė medžiaga yra paimta iš dvikrypčio lygiagrečiojo tekstyno ParaCorpEN→LT→EN, sudaryto iš grožinės literatūros tekstų ir jų vertimų. Straipsnio tikslas – aprašyti šių žymiklių vartosenos kiekybinius ir kokybinius parametrus, nustatyti jų vertimo atitikmenų bei funkcijų (tekstinių ir tarpasmeninių) koreliaciją lietuvių kalboje.Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad kind of ir sort of dažniausiai vartojami daiktavardinėse konstrukcijose, tačiau, be pirminės propozicinės reikšmės žymėti rūšį ir tipą, šiose konstrukcijose jie dažnai funkcionuoja kaip diskurso žymikliai. Rečiau vartojami nedaiktavardinėse konstrukcijose, tačiau tada jie visada funkcionuoja tik kaip diskurso žymikliai. Atlikta šių anglų kalbos žymiklių kokybinė-funkcinė analizė parodė, kad jie yra įvairialypiai: gali atlikti ir diskurso struktūravimo (tekstines), ir tarpasmenines funkcijas. Didelė kind of ir sort of atitikmenų įvairovė vertimuose ir originaliuose tekstuose parodo, kad lietuvių kalboje nėra tiesioginių šių žymiklių ekvivalentų ir diskurso funkcijoms žymėti pasirenkamos kitos raiškos priemonės. Labai retai propoziciškai pavartoti kind of ir sort of verčiami tiesioginiais atitikmenimis (rūšis, kategorija, tipas); dažniausi atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje yra nurodomieji įvardžiai tie / šie ir toks / šitoks. Kai kind of ir sort of vartojami kaip diskurso žymikliai, dažniausi jų atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje (ir verstiniuose, ir originaliuose tekstuose) buvo nežymimieji įvardžiai kažkas / kažkoks, kažin koks / kokia ir dalelytės tartum / tarsi / lyg (ir), rodantys kalbėtojo abejonę, švelninantys propoziciją ir vartojami mandagumo sumetimais, siekiant išsaugoti kalbėtojo ir pašnekovo veidą (angl. face saving) ar nurodant į bendrąsias žinias. Reikia pažymėti, kad nemažai atvejų sudarė nulinė atitiktis. Tai rodo menką leksinį kalbamų junginių svorį, kai perteikti jų reikšmę vertimo kalboje nebūtina, multifunkcionalumą ir vartosenos priklausomybę nuo konteksto. The present paper reports on the English type nouns kind of and sort of and their Lithuanian correspondences in a contrastive perspective. This paper aims to describe the quantitative and qualitative distribution of the English kind of andsort of, to determine their translational correspondences in Lithuanian as well as to reveal how Lithuanian correspondences correlate with the functions (textual and interpersonal) that kind of and sort of perform in original and translated fiction texts. The research method is a quantitative and qualitative contrastive analysis based on data extracted from the self-compiled bidirectional corpus ParaCorpEN→LT→EN comprising fiction texts. The results show that kind of and sort of are prone to be used NP-internally; however, even in this construction they can feature as DMs. Kind of and sort of function as unambiguous DMs when they completely lose their nominality, i.e. are used NP-externally. The functional and semantic potential of the type nouns is fully reflected by their TCs. Very rarelykind of and sort of denoting a type are translated congruently into a Lithuanian type noun; they usually correspond to demonstrative pronouns. As discourse markers, kind of and sort of are realised by different Lithuanian correspondences which may help establish the common ground between the speaker and the hearer or refer to the previous context, may indicate epistemic imprecision, approximation or downtone a proposition. The high number of zero correspondence shows that the Lithuanian type nouns have not advanced on the grammaticalization path the way the English type nouns have and due to the multifunctionalilty, non-propositionality and context-dependence there is no one-to-one correspondence of the markers under scrutiny.

This paper investigates algorithmic decision-making and data-driven profiling as particular ways of producing truth by which "(wo)men govern themselves and others." It starts with problematizing some of the fundamental assumptions on which algorithmic decision-making relies. It then conceptualizes profiling as a "spectrogenic process" in which abstractions are produced that haunt the world, thereby generating material effects of sorting people in/out from a distance. In the final section, the paper discusses emerging forms of governance and the modes of subjectification associated with the current condition of multiple profiling machines. Paradoxically, in the context of post-truth, these forms produce a hyper-facticity that governs by circumventing reflexivity, grounding government in computational truth, and substituting ethico-political decisions by calculations.

Hardening is the process of configuring IT systems to ensure the security of the systems' components and data they process or store. The complexity of contemporary IT infrastructures, however, renders manual security hardening and maintenance a daunting task. In many organizations, security-configuration guides expressed in the SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) are used as a basis for hardening, but these guides by themselves provide no means for automatically implementing the required configurations. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. In many organizations, security-configuration guides expressed in the SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) are used as a basis for hardening, but these guides by themselves provide no means for automatically implementing the required configurations. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides.

Most of the error correction research has focused on whether teachers should correct errors in student writing, how they should do it and how deep it should be. Recent research, thus, has mostly focused on pedagogical merits of error correction and its possible benefits for student learning. However, in some particular contexts where graders make multiple scorings on the same paper, not much has been investigated to see if those corrections manipulate other graders or whether the writing teachers’ corrections on students’ papers have a positive or negative impact on the reliability of the scores when raters see the corrections of the other graders on the papers they mark. This study intended to explore whether corrections made by the graders affect the scores of colleagues who are scoring the same papers second time to gain more accurate results and to ensure the rating reliability. To do that, 12 writing teachers graded 20 student essays written by intermediate level English learners. The participants were first asked to grade 10 papers without doing error correction and those papers were re-scored after 3 weeks by the same graders, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability computations were carried out for this set of papers to see the actual reliability levels of the raters under normal circumstances. In the second stage, the graders were asked to score the other 10 papers, but this time they also made error corrections on the papers and after 3 weeks, the same teachers graded the same papers that were corrected by their pair graders. The scores assigned each time to these papers by the same raters, were compared statistically and the effect of error correction was investigated on their scores. In conclusion, the results revealed that error marking and grader comment on writing papers may have a negative effect on raters’ intra-rater reliability levels whereas it could have a positive effect on raters’ inter-rater reliability levels when a pool of raters grade the same papers.

Both in the academic literature as well in everyday life, the concepts “authenticity” and “norm” are used, but seldom explicitly defined. What is more, at first sight they might not even be regarded as linked. Synoptically considering the findings of three studies on various aspects of authenticity in relation to German Sign Language (Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS), the paper explores how both concepts are connected. It will be shown that there are a number of linguistic and para-linguistic features that are perceived as indexical of authentic signing by deaf DGS signers. Drawing on the conceptual distinction between “standard language” (Standardsprache) and “high language” (Hochsprache) introduced by Gloy (1993), it will be argued that whilst these DGS features can be ascribed normative character corresponding to “high language”, these are not to be confused with “standard DGS”. Apart from newly introducing the concept of “norms of authenticity” (Authentizitätsnormen) in DGS, the paper offers new perspectives in that it will be demonstrated on the basis of sign language data that “standard language” and “high language” may – but in no way necessarily have to – correspond to the same linguistic realizations.

This paper explores the use of fuzzy difference methods in order to understand the differences between forest classes. The context for this work is provided by REDD+, which seeks to reduce the net emissions of greenhouse gases by rewarding the conservation of forests in developing countries. REDD+ requires that local inventories of forest are undertaken and payments are made on the basis of the amount of forest (and associated carbon storage). At the most basic level this involves classifying land into forest and non-forest. However, the critical issues affecting the uptake, buy-in and ultimately the success of REDD+ are the lack of universally agreed definition of forest to support REDD+ mapping activities, and where such a definition is imposed, the marginalization of local community voices and local landscape conceptualizations. This tension is at the heart of REDD+. This paper addresses these issues by linking methods to quantify changes in fuzzy land cover to the concept of data primitives, which have been previously proposed as a suitable approach to move between land cover classes with different semantics. These are applied to case study that quantifies the difference in areas for two definitions of forest derived from the GLC and FAO definitions of forest. The results show how data primitives allow divergent concepts of forest to be represented and mapped from the same data and how the fuzzy sets approach can be used to quantify the differences and non-intersections of different concepts of forest. Together these methods provide for transparent translations between alternative conceptualizations of forest, allowing for plural notions of forest to be mapped and quantified. In particular, they allow for moving from an object-based notion of forest (and land cover in general) to a field-based one, entirely avoiding the need for forest boundaries.

The FED method (Fixation, Elongation, Derotation) is a treatment method approach to Patients with scoliosis. The FED method is especially established in Spain and Poland, whereby in Germany it is less well-known. Nevertheless the FED method is within the scope of a research project (Project Number: 19200 BR/3). The purpose of the paper is to characterize the FED method and to highlight the specificities in contrast to the Schroth method, which is international established and especially in Germany.This systematic literature research was conducted in Nov 2017-Jan 2018. Therefore common medical and physiotherapeutic databases were used. Furthermore there was a hand search in selected scientific journals. Only a small number of relevant references were identified. That is why the respective authors were asked to provide the full-texts of their papers and to recommend further references.A total of 378 references were identified. After removing duplicates and the content-related selection, 19 references were deemed to be relevant. Based on the analysis of this relevant literature, the FED method was comprehensively characterized. First of all the general structure of the FED method and the scientific evidence for its effectiveness was described. And as a result of the literature research, the operating principles of the FED method were pointed out. Then these operating principles were discussed in comparison with the Schroth method. The Schroth method based on sensomotoric and kinesthetic principles and the correction of the pathologic posture was performed by selective muscle activation and breathing-pattern. Thus, the posture correction will be performed by the patients (auto correction). Compared to the Schroth method, the FED method implements the posture correction by the FED-device. This correction is influenced by mechanical forces with a comparatively high strength and intensity. The repetitive mechanical correction stimulates the sensomotoric system. And due to trophic/biochemical adaptations, the physiological bone growth will be stimulated.In total the authors want to clarify, that both treatment methods (Schroth method, FED method) supposed to be applied in consideration of the preconditions of the patients and the pursue of the different treatment goals. Thus, the implementation of treatment methods should be used according to the individual treatment demand and on different stages in the treatment process.Die FED-Methode (Fixation, Elongation, Derotation) wird vor allem in Spanien und Polen zur Behandlung von Skoliose eingesetzt. Die FED-Methode wird in einem aktuellem Forschungsprojekt (Förderkennzeichen: 19 200 BR/3) beforscht. Mit dem Ziel, die in Deutschland eher unbekannte FED-Methode zu charakterisieren und deren Besonderheiten zu verdeutlichen, wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt.Die systematische Literaturrecherche wurde von November 2017 bis Januar 2018 durchgeführt unter Verwendung gängiger Literaturdatenbanken und einer Handsuche. Da nur relevante Literaturstellen identifiziert wurden, wurden die beteiligten Autoren um die nicht zugänglichen Volltexte sowie um weitere Literaturempfehlungen gebeten.Insgesamt ergab die Literatursuche 378 Referenzen. Nach der Entfernung von Duplikaten und der inhaltlichen Selektion wurden insgesamt 19 relevante Literaturstellen identifiziert und der Volltextanalyse unterzogen. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit bietet eine ganzheitliche Charakteristik der FED-Methode. Neben dem allgemeinen Aufbau der Behandlungsmethode und der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz wurden auf Grundlage der Literaturanalyse die Wirkprinzipien der FED-Methode umfassend beschrieben und gegenüber der Schroth-Methode abgegrenzt. Die FED-Methode verfolgt im Unterschied zur Schroth-Methode eine mechanische Haltungskorrektur mit vergleichsweise hohen einwirkenden Kräften. Die repetitive Haltungskorrektur bewirkt beim Patienten eine Verbesserung der Sensomotorik und durch trophische Veränderungen die Stimulation des gesunden Knochenwachstums.Insgesamt ist zu verdeutlichen, dass die beiden Behandlungsmethoden unter Berücksichtigung der Grundvoraussetzungen der jeweiligen Patienten eingesetzt werden müssen. Aufgrund dessen und wegen ihrer verschiedenen Zielrichtungen können diese methodisch an unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten im Therapieverlauf bzw. entsprechend des Behandlungsbedarfs angewendet werden.

Airport Security is a complex and important task directly affecting airports’ operational performances and passenger comfort. As part of the EU Horizon 2020 project PASSME, passenger centric airport and airplane interiors were redesigned in order to meet passengers’ needs and reducing door-to-door travel time. This paper will describe how simulation was used to provide early feedback as part of the security design process and for evaluating the outcome while avoiding high implementation cost and without disturbing operational processes. We will also describe the new developed security design concept as well as the simulation approach with Anylogic software. The simulation output – effects of the new design concept – will be discussed at the end of the paper along with an outlook on further research opportunities.

This paper presents a markup model for encoding non-SI units and measurements. Historical texts contain many examples of compound measurements, composed of sets of units and numerical components. Instead of using the element, which requires a single set of @unit and @quantity, we propose a newly defined set of tags for encoding idiosyncratic measurement semantics, namely (model.encodingDescPart), (model.global and contained by ), (model.measureLike), and a relevant attribute @factor (which shows factors of numerical values given in a referenced element). All of these elements and attributes will be included in the TEI P5 Guidelines, and they are especially useful when encoding units that are not based on the decimal system. Though this paper offers example encodings based on a Japanese historical source, the Engi-Shiki, this model is also applicable to the markup of units used for measurement within various cultural spheres other than Japan.

Robust flutter analysis described in this paper is based on the robust control theory framework. Therefore, a time-domain linear fractional transformation representation of the perturbed aeroelastic system is modeled. Then, the robust stability is analyzed by means of the structured singular value $$\mu$$ μ , which is defined as an alternative measure of robustness. Robust flutter analysis deals with aeroelastic (or aeroservoelastic) stability analysis taking structural dynamics, aerodynamics and/or unmodeled system dynamics uncertainties into account. Flutter is a well-known dynamic aeroelastic instability phenomenon caused by an interaction between structural vibrations and unsteady aerodynamic forces, whereby the level of vibration may trigger large amplitudes, eventually leading to catastrophic failure of the structure. The primary motivation of the robust flutter analysis is that this method allows the computation of the worst-case flutter velocity which can support, for example, the flight test program by a valuable robust flutter boundary. This paper addresses the issue of an approach for aeroelastic robust stability analysis with structural uncertainties with respect to physical symmetric and asymmetric stiffness perturbations on the wing structure by means of tuning beams.

This paper uses data from the Austrian Voting Advice Application (VAA) wahlkabine.at to locate parties in policy spaces for the 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2017 national elections. It formulates an approach that combines positional information from the VAA data with information about issue saliences that stems from the VAA itself as well as from manifestos coded by the regularly conducted Austrian National Election Study. The VAA-inherent and the external weights serve to calibrate party policy spaces that underlie the VAA data. The paper depicts the Austrian political party space by means of a two-dimensional multidimensional scaling (MDS) map, and furthermore assesses the usefulness of the two weighting procedures. The findings suggest that the use of the internal weights cannot make much of a difference in the present form. In contrast, the external weights not only alter the structure of the party space but also enhance the confidence in the results for substantial reasons., Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 47 Nr. 4 (2018): Offenes Heft

The particles schon and noch in German add an aspectual reading to events in different assertions. While schon tends to a perfective reading of an event, an imperfective reading appears with noch, hence both particles have a similar function on the event modification. Overtly, they are located unrestricted in the middle field of a German clause and can freely change their position towards temporal adverbs such as heute, jetzt, bald etc. It seems that syntax does not have an impact to order schon heute or heute schon. This variation is of main interest of the paper: Is there a linear restriction of adverbs and schon/noch, and does a change in the output cause a reinterpretation? The paper presents main assumptions on the word order of aspectual particles and temporal adverbs from the semantic and the syntactic perspective. An experimental study on prosodic factors will complete the overview and its preferences for the linearization of the sequences in question. The result is that common categorical grammar is not able to account for all possible outcomes with respect to contextual preferences. Therefore, a more flexible grammar concept is needed to build a usage-based concept on word order variation for these functional elements.

Purpose Many researchers and practitioners suggest a contingent instead of a “one size fits all” approach in business process management (BPM). The purpose of this paper is to offer a contingency theory of BPM, which proposes contingency factors relevant to the successful management of business processes and that explains how and why these contingencies impact the relationships between process management and performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop the theory by drawing on organizational information processing theory (OIPT) and applying an information processing (IP) perspective to the process level. Findings The premise of the model is that the process management mechanisms such as documentation, standardization or monitoring must compensate for the uncertainty and equivocality of the nature of the process that has to be managed. In turn, managing through successful adaptation is a prerequisite for process performance. Research limitations/implications The theory provides a set of testable propositions that specify the relationship between process management mechanisms and process performance. The authors also discuss implications of the new theory for further theorizing and outline empirical research strategies that can be followed to enact, evaluate and extend the theory. Practical implications The theory developed in this paper allows an alternative way to describe organizational processes and supports the derivation of context-sensitive management approaches for process documentation, standardization, monitoring, execution and coordination. Originality/value The theoretical model is novel in that it provides a contextualized view on BPM that acknowledges different types of processes and suggests different mechanisms for managing these. The authors hope the paper serves as inspiration both for further theory development as well as to empirical studies that test, refute, support or otherwise augment the arguments.

Purpose Most state-of-the-art approaches for the analysis of the process of travel decision-making follow Woodworth’s neo-behaviouristic S–R (stimulus–response) or S–O–R (stimulus–organism–response) model. However, within this model, scholars primarily focus on the S–R relationship, investigating specific decisions by describing or explaining an outcome as the result of an input of several stimuli. There is a lack of investigation into the “O” dimension of the S–O–R model. This paper aims to contribute towards closing of this gap by conceptually and holistically expanding existing models with new perspectives and components. Design/methodology/approach The authors base the conceptual process on a subjective/interpretative research paradigm, by combining outcomes from different theories and concepts into a new, more holistic approach; and challenging this approach by seeking counterarguments as well as supportive arguments at three conferences and workshops. Findings The paper expands the body of literature by positing a generic conceptual operationalization model focusing on the organism (“O”) domain of decision-making. To achieve this, and further to operationalize the S–O–R model, the paper proposes to integrate an M–O–A (motivation–opportunity–ability) approach. Originality/value The analysis of the body literature reveals that there is still a lack of analytical and especially workable models/approaches for the analysis of the process of tourist decision-making. The paper contributes to that discussion by offering an alternative and generic operationalization of the tourist decision-making process by inducing a theoretical framework from the deductions gleaned from a number of existing theories.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of an empirical analysis of the use of non-alphabetic graphic signs (e.g. asterisks, slashes, plus signs etc.) in the context of repairs in Russian and German informal electronic communication. The data for the analysis were taken from the “Mobile Communication Database MoCoDa” (https://www.uni-due.de/~hg0263/SMSDB), which contains Russian and German private electronic communication via SMS, WhatsApp and other short message services, and the “Dortmunder Chat-Korpus” (http://www.chatkorpus.tu-dortmund.de/korpora.html). This paper describes the functions of various graphic resources in the context of repairs in both data collections and compares the occurrences of these functions in current Russian and German computer-mediated communication. It concludes that particular signs in both data sets share the same subset of functions, but they differ in terms of how frequently these resources occur in each form of communication., Journal für Medienlinguistik, Bd. 1 Nr. 1 (2018)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the diffusion of the Internet on audience fragmentation in Germany. Fragmentation is defined in terms of a declining probability that an individual will find like-minded others who are concerned about the same issues as that individual. Accordingly, fragmentation increases if the number of issues the individual is concerned about (nominal issue diversity) declines and the entropy of issues at the level of society (issue entropy) increases. The paper provides a brief review of publications concerned with media, fragmentation, and issue entropy. It then picks up a recent study, which revealed no relevant changes in nominal issue diversity in Germany during the period of Internet diffusion. In a second step, survey data representative for the German population during the same time period is analyzed to test for an increase in issue entropy. The findings reveal a small but systematic trend of growing issue entropy. This trend could not be attributed to the diffusion of the Internet. First, it was not possible to do so because age groups that had different rates of Internet adoption demonstrated a lack of differences in issue entropy. Second, there are differences between the dynamics of issue entropy and the dynamics pertaining to the diffusion of the Internet as entropy decreased after 2000, whereas the diffusion of the Internet continued to increase rapidly. It is there- fore concluded that the diffusion of the Internet did not cause issue fragmentation during the sample period from 1994 to 2005.

Summary Main aim of this paper is to compare the classification accuracies of glacier change detection by following classifiers: sub-pixel classification algorithm, indices based supervised classification and object based algorithm using Landsat imageries. It was observed that shadow effect was not removed in sub-pixel based classification which was removed by the indices method. Further the accuracy was improved by object based classification. Objective of the paper is to analyse different classification algorithms and interpret which one gives the best results in mountainous regions. The study showed that object based method was best in mountainous regions as optimum results were obtained in the shadowed covered regions.

In this paper, I propose a general model for the rational resolution of disputes about logic, and discuss a number of its features. These include its dispensing with a traditional notion of the a priori in logic, and some objections to which this might give rise. In this paper, I propose a general model for the rational resolution of disputes about logic, and discuss a number of its features. These include its dispensing with a traditional notion of the a priori in logic, and some objections to which this might give rise.