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Es hat sich viel getan in der Welt der Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie, weshalb eine vollwertige Uberarbeitung des Positionspapiers „Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie“ erforderlich wurde. In der aktuellen neuartigen Version finden sich nicht nur alle verfugbaren Studien, Literaturstellen und Updates zu Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik- und Therapieempfehlungen, sondern auch Ausblicke auf neue Entwicklungen und zukunftige Forschungserkenntnisse. Dieses uberarbeitete Positionspapier gibt Empfehlungen fur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit kardiovaskularen Erkrankungen mit schlafassoziierten Atmungsstorungen und erteilt daruber hinaus einen fundierten Uberblick uber verfugbare Therapien und Evidenzen, gibt aber ebenso Ratschlage wie mit Komorbiditaten umzugehen ist. Insbesondere enthalt dieses uberarbeitete Positionspapier aktualisierte Stellungnahmen zu schlafassoziierten Atmungsstorungen bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung, Herzinsuffizienz, arterieller Hypertonie, aber auch fur Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern. Daruber hinaus finden sich erstmals Empfehlungen zur Telemedizin als eigenes, neues Kapitel. Dieses Positionspapier bietet Kardiologen sowie Arzten in der Behandlung von kardiovaskularen Patienten die Moglichkeit einer evidenzbasierten Behandlung der wachsend bedeutsamen und mit zunehmender Aufmerksamkeit behafteten Komorbiditat schlafassoziierter Atmungsstorungen. Und nicht zuletzt besteht mit diesem neuen Positionspapier eine enge Verknupfung mit dem neuen Curriculum Schlafmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kardiologie, weshalb dieses Positionspapier eine Orientierung fur die erworbenen Fahigkeiten des Curriculums im Umgang von kardiovaskularen Patienten mit schlafassoziierten Atmungsstorungen darstellt.

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen ist für die Rheumatologie eine ebenso große Herausforderung wie für andere medizinische Fachgebiete. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie e. V. (DGRh) will diesen Prozess aktiv gestalten und davon profitieren. Mit der Gründung der Kommission Digitale Rheumatologie hat sie ein Gremium geschaffen, das die damit verbundenen Aufgaben bearbeitet, die DGRh zu Fragestellungen berät und sich positioniert. Für die DGRh berührt dies verschiedenste Bereiche der Digitalisierung in Medizin und Rheumatologie. Dieses Positionspapier legt die aktuell von der Kommission bearbeiteten Themengebiete, Entwicklungen und identifizierten Aufgaben dar.

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) ist eine multifaktorielle entzündliche Erkrankung der nasalen und paranasalen Schleimhaut, der oftmals eine Typ-2-Inflammation zugrunde liegt. Durch die Entwicklung von Biologika, die in diese Entzündungsmechanismen eingreifen können, steht eine neuartige Therapiemöglichkeit zur Verfügung.Methoden Auf Grundlage des aktuellen Wissensstandes zur Immunologie der CRSwNP und der Wirkung von Biologika sowie deren mögliche unerwünschte Wirkungen werden Empfehlungen für die Patienteninformation entwickelt.Ergebnisse Basierend auf der internationalen Literatur und bisherigen Erfahrungen hat ein Expertengremium Empfehlungen für die Patienteninformation und -aufklärung zur Anwendung von Biologika bei CRSwNP entwickelt und auf dieser Grundlage einen Aufklärungsbogen erstellt.Schlussfolgerung Die Information und Einwilligung des Patienten ist vor der Verordnung bzw. Verabreichung von Biologika erforderlich. Das vorliegende Positionspapier enthält wichtige Informationen hierzu und einen Vorschlag für eine Patienteninformation.

Terminal lucidity is a term used in the medical literature to determine the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, even among patients with serious and long-term disorders. In 19th century, cases of mind clarity recovery shortly before death, were often recognized by doctors and interpreted as a sign of an impending death. In 20th century, the interest in this phenomenon decreased and then, virtually disappear. In recent years, on the wave of publications concerning near death experiences and related events such as the end of life experiences, papers about the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, exponentially grew and got a new name, terminal lucidity. In this paper, an overview of the available literature is presented to outline the historical, phenomenological and clinical picture of this phenomenon and its possible implications for medical care and future studies.

The objective of the study was to assess the level of patients' need for information about the planned gynecologic surgery. Material and Methods. The number of 173 patients preparing to undergo planned gynecological procedure were qualified for the study. The participation in the survey was entirely voluntary. Each patient was asked to fulfill the survey conducted using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale- APAIS that enables the estimation of the patient’s need for surgery-related information. Furthermore patients’ clinical and demographic data was collected. Results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools: the Shapiro-Wilk W-test (for distribution of the studied parameters) and the Mann-Whitney U-test (for comparing two independent groups). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. It was shown that premenopausal women have a greater need for information about the planned surgery than postmenopausal patients (p0.05). Conclusions. The high level of the need for information about the planned surgery characterizes premenopausal patients and those operated for the first time.

Introduction: In the last decades, researchers' attention has been focused on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Numerous studies indicate the existence of neurodegenerative deficits in schizophrenia including, but not limited to, motor functions, learning and memory, executive functions, attention, language, spatial skills and general intelligence. Method: A review of available literature on the topic of the past two decades, available in the Pubmed, EBSCO, SCOPUS databases has been made using the keywords: schizophrenia, cognition, early intervention. Results: Cognitive dysfunction is an important feature of the prodromal phase and the first episode of schizophrenia. Researchers have thus proposed to initiate early therapeutic interventions for people with so-called risky mental conditions. The article includes the reference to research on neurocognitive disorders essence in schizophrenia, the definition and review of methods used to identify specific cognitive deficits and issues related to risk of developing psychosis and early therapeutic intervention in high-risk states. Conclusions: Researchers report the importance of detecting cognitive disorders in the early stages of schizophrenia. This broadens the range of therapeutic interventions and enables early intervention in the increased risk of psychosis.

Background Clinical efficacy of pollen allergen immunotherapy has been broadly documented in randomized controlled trials. The underlying clinical endpoints are analysed in seasonal time periods pre-defined on the basis of the background pollen concentration. However, any validated or generally accepted definition from academia or regulatory authorities for this relevant pollen-exposure intensity or period of time (season) is currently not available. Therefore, this Task Force initiative of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) aimed to propose definitions based on expert-consensus. Methods A Task Force of the Immunotherapy and Aerobiology and Pollution Interest Groups of the EAACI reviewed the literature on pollen-exposure in the context of defining relevant time intervals for evaluation of efficacy in allergen immunotherapy trials. Underlying principles in measuring pollen exposure and associated methodological problems and limitations were considered in order to achieve a consensus. Results The Task Force achieved a comprehensive position in defining pollen exposure times for different pollen types. Definitions are presented for ‘pollen season’, ‘high pollen season’ (or ‘Peak pollen period’) and ‘high pollen days’. Conclusion This EAACI position paper provides definitions of pollen exposures for different pollen types for use in Allergen Immunotherapy trials. Their validity as standards remains to be tested in future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

In diesem gemeinsamen Konsensuspapier der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft und der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kardiologie werden der MR-physikalische und elektrophysiologische Hintergrund sowie das prozedurale Management fur MR-Untersuchungen von Patienten mit Herzschrittmachern und implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillatoren dargestellt. Es werden detaillierte Handlungsanweisungen bezuglich Indikationsstellung, den spezifischen Untersuchungsbedingungen mit Umprogrammierung des SM/ICD- Systems, Modifikation der MR-Sequenzen und Monitoring gegeben sowie die Verantwortlichkeiten und Aufklarungsnotwendigkeiten zwischen Radiologie und Kardiologie definiert. Ziel ist es, ein Maximum an Patientensicherheit zu gewahrleisten sowie Rechtssicherheit fur die beteiligten Arzte herzustellen, um insgesamt den Zugang von Patienten mit aktiven kardialen Implantaten zu notwendigen MR-Untersuchungen zu verbessern. Die Kernaussagen dieses Konsensus-Papiers sind wie folgt: 1. Konventionelle SM- und ICD-Systeme sind nicht mehr als eine absolute, sondern als eine relative Kontraindikation fur die Durchfuhrung einer MR-Untersuchung anzusehen. Entscheidend bei Indikationsstellung und Untersuchungsdurchfuhrung sind die Abschatzung des individuellen Nutzen/Risiko-Verhaltnisses, eine umfassende Aufklarung uber „off-label use“ und spezifische Risiken, dezidierte SM-/ICD-bezogene und MR-bezogene Sicherheitsmasnahmen zur weitestgehenden Reduzierung dieser Risiken sowie adaquate Monitortechniken wahrend der MR-Untersuchung. 2. Bedingt MR-sichere („MR conditional“) SM- und ICD-Systeme sind fur eine MR-Untersuchung unter dezidierten Rahmenbedingungen getestet und zugelassen. Entscheidend fur die Patientensicherheit sind hier die genaue Kenntnis und die Einhaltung der fur das jeweilige SM/ICD-System spezifischen Nutzungsbedingungen. 3. Das Risiko eines ICD-Patienten wahrend einer MR-Untersuchung ist aufgrund der hoheren elektrophysiologischen Vulnerabilitat des per se strukturell geschadigten Myokards sowie des hoheren Risikos irreversibler Funktionsstorungen konventioneller ICD-Systeme im Vergleich zu SM-Patienten als deutlich hoher einzuschatzen. Die Indikationsstellung zu einer MR-Untersuchung eines ICD-Patienten sollte somit strenger erfolgen und kritisch hinterfragt werden, ob der zu erwartende Nutzen der MR-Untersuchung in einem adaquaten Verhaltnis zum Risiko steht. 4. Die komplexe Thematik erfordert eine enge und abgestimmte Kooperation zwischen Radiologie und Kardiologie.

Background Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) with or without asthma. It is important to note that due to the complex interaction between patient, allergy triggers, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT, some patients do not respond optimally to the treatment. Furthermore, there are no validated or generally accepted candidate biomarkers that are predictive of the clinical response to AIT. Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomised controlled trials for drug development could be enhanced by predictive biomarkers. Method The EAACI taskforce reviewed all candidate biomarkers used in clinical trials of AR patients with/without asthma in a literature review. Biomarkers were grouped into seven domains: (i) IgE (total IgE, specific IgE and sIgE/Total IgE ratio), (ii) IgG-subclasses (sIgG1, sIgG4 including SIgE/IgG4 ratio), (iii) Serum inhibitory activity for IgE (IgE-FAB and IgE-BF), (iv) Basophil activation, (v) Cytokines and Chemokines, (vi) Cellular markers (T regulatory cells, B regulatory cells and dendritic cells) and (vii) In vivo biomarkers (including provocation tests?). Results All biomarkers were reviewed in the light of their potential advantages as well as their respective drawbacks. Unmet needs and specific recommendations on all seven domains were addressed. Conclusions It is recommended to explore the use of allergen-specific IgG4 as a biomarker for compliance. sIgE/tIgE and IgE-FAB are considered as potential surrogate candidate biomarkers. Cytokine/chemokines and cellular reponses provided insight into the mechanisms of AIT. More studies for confirmation and interpretation of the possible association with the clinical response to AIT are needed.

Arzneimittelüberempfindlichkeit – Hautmanifestationen – Klassifikation – Nomenklatur – Anaphylaxie – Exanthem – Positionspapier

Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and ATP-dependent potassium channel opener which exerts sustained hemodynamic, symptomatic and organ-protective effects. It is registered for the treatment of acute heart failure, and when inotropic support is considered appropriate. In the past fifteen years, levosimendan has been widely used in clinical practice, and has also been tested in clinical trials to stabilize at-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Recently, three randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies (LICORN, CHEETAH and LEVO-CTS) have been published reporting on the peri-operative use of levosimendan in patients with compromised cardiac ventricular function. Taken together, many smaller trials conducted in the past suggested beneficial outcomes with levosimendan in peri-operative settings. In contrast, the latest three studies were neutral or inconclusive. In order to understand the reasons for such dissimilarity, a group of experts from Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Russia, including investigators from the three most recent studies, met to discuss the study results in the light of both the previous literature and current clinical practice. Despite the fact that the null hypothesis could not be ruled out in the recent multicenter trials, we conclude that levosimendan can still be viewed as a safe and effective inodilator in cardiac surgery.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Background The aim of the study was to check the validity of the electronic patient records for hospital-acquired pneumonia and to estimate their reliability. Patients and methods On reviewing 23,356 inpatients with admission from 1st April 2005 and discharge up to the 30th September 2005, we identified 211 cases with hospital-acquired pneumonia in the electronic patient records whereby 70 cases taken at random were included in the calculation of the positive predictive value. A second random sample of 130 cases under risk was used to calculate its sensitivity. Positive predictive value and sensitivity were combined to estimate the true rate of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Results In 64.3 % of the cases hospital-acquired pneumonia was confirmed in the paper-based patient records (45 cases, 95 % confidence interval 51.9 - 75.4 %). Sensitivity was calculated as 42.9 % and specificity as 99.0 %. Estimation for the University Clinics Essen revealed a true rate of hospital-acquired pneumonia of 1.32 %. The estimated true rate was higher than the measured rate of 0.90 % which is covered, nevertheless, by the 95 % confidence interval. Conclusions Results from electronic and paper-based patient records are similar for hospital-acquired pneumonia, in spite of relevant differences on the level of the individual cases. However, data quality is not sufficient for special claims of supervision, clinical hygiene and prevention, for which a further optimisation is required.

Die Anforderungen an Schalldampfer, die als sekundarer Schallschutz in Luftleitungen eingesetzt werden, sind in industriellen Anlagen (z. B. Papier- und Mineralfaserproduktion, Lackieranlagen) sowie Kraftwerken und Heizkraftwerken besonders hoch. Dies liegt zum einen an der Belastung der Abgasstrome mit Reststoffen, die sich an den Oberflachen der Schalldampfer absetzen und so deren Wirkung vermindern oder gar aufheben. Hohe Stromungsgeschwindigkeiten, Temperaturen und Feuchtigkeit sind weitere Einflusse, die sich negativ auf die Standzeiten der Schalldampfer auswirken. Zusatzlich sind gerade bei tiefen Frequenzen hohe Dampfungen zu erzielen, da die Schallerzeuger (Ventilatoren, Verdichter, Turbinen und Motoren) dort ihre Anteile aufweisen. Konventionelle Schalldampfer fuhren unter diesen Randbedingungen zu unwirtschaftlichen Losungen. Diese Problematik wird beleuchtet sowie robuste und auf den jeweiligen Bedarf und Frequenzbereich abstimmbare Schalldampferentwicklungen vorgestellt. Das Wirkprinzip und die Konstruktion der Schalldampfer, die aus Platten-, Hohlraum- und aktiven Resonatoren bestehen, werden dargestellt. Ihr Platz und Geld sparender Einsatz wird anhand konkreter, in der Praxis umgesetzter Beispiele gezeigt. Diese umfassen den Einsatz der als “Eckiger Innenzug” und “Reinigbarer Rohr-Schalldampfer” bezeichneten Resonator-Schalldampfer in Anlagen zur Papier- und Stromproduktion. Anhand von Heizungsanlagen wird der Einsatz aktiver Resonatoren vorgestellt. Neue Entwicklungen von resistenten Absorbermaterialien und dauerhaften, akustisch reagierenden Abdeckungen geben einen Ausblick auf innovative Losungsmoglichkeiten. Durable and tunable silencers in the exhaust air of manufacturing and heating systems. The requirements for silencers, which are used as secondary noise control devices in exhaust ducts, are particularly high in industrial plants (e. g. paper and mineral fiber production, painting plants) as well as power stations and combined heat and power stations. This is caused by the load of the exhaust gas flow with residual substances, which clog the surfaces of the silencers and reduce their efficiency. High flow rates, temperatures and humidity are further influences, which may affect the service live of the silencers. Additionally, high attenuation at low frequencies is required, as the sound sources (fans, compressors, turbines and engines) exhibit high contributions in this range. Conventional silencers lead to uneconomic solutions under these conditions. This problem is treated here and silencer developments are presented that are durable and tunable with respect to the specific need and frequency range. The operating principle and the construction of the silencers, which consist of panel, cavity and active resonators, are described. Its space and money saving employment are demonstrated with examples realized already in practice. These include the employment of the so-called Angular Stack Silencer and Cleanable Reactive Silencer as resonators in plants for the paper production and power stations. The employment of active resonators is demonstrated in heating systems. New developments of resistant absorber materials and durable acoustically reacting covers give a survey of innovative solutions.

In September 2004 Lonza (Visp, Switzerland) started operations in a new state of the art facility for cGMP manufacture of injectable grade microbially derived biopharmaceuticals. Both intracellular and secreted products can be processed in the new production line, which delivers bulk drug substances. cGMP conformity, including clean room classification, was cross-checked during the design phase with the Swiss regulatory authorities. The layout of the highly automated multi-product line is based on a high performance 1000 l bioreactor suitable for high cell density fermentation. Besides standard chromatography and ultrafiltration, the ex-proof design in upstream and downstream areas allows for solvent feeds in fermentation and for implementation of HPLC purification steps in protein and peptide purification.

The current global political, economic, and social challenges urge the need to cultivate global citizenship among students in their learning process. This paper presents the role of Collaboration Online International Learning (COIL) using theProject-Based Learning (PBL) approach in cultivating global citizenship among university students. The paper explains the different implementation challenges of a COIL course on the different levels and core design elements of the COIL-PBL model to overcome such challenges. Empirically, this paper presents a primary case study of the Great Debates course that was implemented in different forms by three partner universities, which are the University of Washington Bothell (UWB), the University of North Carolina Asheville (UNCA) in the USA, and the Future University in Egypt (FUE). The implementation showed a positive impact on cultivating global citizenship among participating students, which isclear from developments in students’ skills in the areas of cross-cultural communication and negotiation, cultural sensitivity and tolerance, teamwork and coordination across virtual global teams, analytical skills, and perception toward other cultures and society. Notably, the COIL-PBL model has started to gain further popularity after the COVID-19pandemic as an alternative for physical mobility, which encourages future research in this area using other implemented courses using the COIL-PBL model.

Especially relevant at the present time is the study of the impact of the global crisis – a pandemic caused by the infection COVID-19 on the countries and the world's sustainable development. The consequences of the popular trend of globalization, a certain closedness of the principles of capitalization, and, of course, the impact of the global crisis caused by COVID-19 were investigated in the scientific work. The study aims to confirm the transformation of sustainable development trends and the transition from worldwide globalization to national capitalization of the agricultural entrepreneurship potential in the modern conditions of the global crisis of Covid-19. The goal will be achieved by tasks through accounting and analytical support and mathematical analysis of the quadratic correlation and regression dependence of the integrated indicator of sustainable development. Research methodology consist of analysis and collection of economic, environmental, and social data of agriculture in European countries. At this stage, the most significant indicators of six countries were selected: Ukraine, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland and Belarus. Index analysis was used for formation of an integral indicator – a sustainable development index. Also Microsoft Excel tools were used. An index analysis of the main indicators of sustainable development is provided in the paper. On the basis of the integrated index of sustainable development of agriculture, a trend line was built and a forecast of the vector of globalization/capitalization was made. An upward forecast of the integrated index of agriculture sustainable development, which indicates a continuous process of globalization was proved in the paper. This pattern corresponds to Belarus and Romania and was proved by the basis of imperial studies. The calculation and forecast of the transition from global globalization to national capitalization as a result of the impact of the pandemic and quarantine were presented in the scientific work too. This pattern is inherent in Hungary, Germany, Poland and Ukraine.

The paper covers a range of issues related to the specifics of Russian language mastering by Indian students studying in English and Russian. The research is based on an integrative methodological platform that combines approaches to multilingualism formation from the standpoint of psychological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, the theory of language contacts, discourse and communication science. The research involves the techniques of psychological and semantic analyses and verbal associations, the methods of contextual analysis and comparison. The material of the paper is the data obtained from online surveys of Indian students who have been studying at universities in North Ossetia-Alania for six years (elementary and pre-intermediate levels of Russian language proficiency). The study is aimed at identifying perception channels that represent the features of foreign students cognitive style in the Russian natural environment, descripting level-by-level interfering influence of native languages and weak interference of English. Based on text fragments and lexical units, vectors and methods of interlingual interference were demonstrated, its leading types were determined, that are phonetic, phonemic, graphemic, phonemic-graphemic, morphological and lexical. The role of English as a communicative mediator is defined. The analysis done confirmed complex application of auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels at the information input, and revealed the dominance of the auditory perception channel at the information output while learning the Russian language by Indian students. The Indian students cognitive style tends to be simplified through contamination of written and oral speech, compression, abbreviations usage, intensification of associative and semantic links. Strategies for using Internet translation, imitation of mastering the Russian language, literal translation from English into Russian, strategies for the implementation of graphic, phonetic-graphic principles of writing, phonemic and grammatical reduction were identified as the basic communication strategies of Indian students learning Russian.

The aim of this paper is to present a part of an ongoing research into the roles food plays in the present-day communication. It provides an interdisciplinary insight into those aspects of intercultural communication that occupy significant role in the changing relationship between public and private spheres. These spheres represent spaces where the aspects of gender become more visible if combined with the elements of food. The author tries to argue that women and food act as ones of the most intriguing features in the ‘Circuit of Culture’ and their participation in intercultural communication is very complex and worth more detailed investigation. The concept of code-switching is often viewed as the one applied in the situations where multilingual communication takes place. The discussion in this paper focuses on those cultural communication contexts in which the cultural code-switching is used as a response to various gender facets in both public and private spheres. Food, that has become one of the most visible parts of both public and private domains of the human existence in the 21st century enters all aspects of the intercultural communication that is performed in smaller and larger social groups and its existence, production, distribution, consumption and representation are directly linked with gender perspectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic, or better known as the coronavirus pandemic, brought many challenges in education, and one of them was the transition to online teaching, that is. use of information and communication technologies in teaching. Information technology is a term that describes parts (hardware) and programs (software) that allow access to download, organize, manipulate and present information electronically, and communication technology (CT) is a term that describes telecommunications equipment that can send, receive information, search and access them. This research aimed to examine the subjective experience of teachers about personal competencies in the use of information and communication technology in teaching. The population of this research consists of primary school teachers in the area of Tuzla Canton, and the total sample consists of 138 respondents. An anonymous internet survey was used, which is distributed with the help of social networks “Facebook” and a Facebook group called “Prosvjeta TK”, which brings together educators from the Tuzla Canton area. In this paper, we assume that teachers assess their information and communication competencies as positive and they consider themselves competent in their use in the teaching process. It also explores aspects of teachers’ digital competencies as essential competencies for 21st-century education. The paper will provide insight into the personal perception of teachers regarding ICT competence, which is included in the fund of previous knowledge and theoretical knowledge. The results of this research could help understand and analyze further practices, decide on further steps to build teachers’ ICT competencies in and for the future of the school.

This paper follows the already existing literature to address three main pressing concerns that Romania is currently facing with respect to sustainable development and economic growth, which has likely been impeded as a direct consequence of the ongoing sanitary crisis. The research questions of this paper were asked with the consideration of finding possible solutions to the current developments. These questions were “How will the global health crisis project on Romania’s GDP growth in 2021 and going forward?”, “To what extent can Romania face its current challenges with respect to the budgetary pressures?”. The research itself was conducted using the R programming language with quantitative data, namely quarterly GDP starting from 2005 Q1 onwards and its main objective is to simulate Romania’s GDP to answer the aforementioned questions. Therefore, this research is empirical in the sense that it derives the simulated data from real data which was taken from Eurostat. The main findings of this research were that Romania’s GDP could grow by a mean 3.2% in 2021, which is more conservative than the existing institutional forecasts made by the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and the Romanian National Commission for Strategy and Forecasting, implying that the majority of the simulated outcomes have been in that respective range of values. Moreover, this research also finds that consumption is expected to increase by approximately 4.2% and that the budget deficit relative to GDP could go as low as to negative 7.8%. This paper creates value for future policymaking as it proposes solutions which could help Romania going forward. Thus, this paper creates value for not only the policymakers but the society as a whole.

This paper points out the importance of a sociological approach to the study of journalism and media. The focus is on the sociological view of the news production process. How do organizational and professional requirements shape and limit journalistic work in news production? Some of the main concepts and interests of the sociological approach are presented, such as gatekeeping, personal characteristics of journalists, social control in newsrooms, relations between journalists and their sources, the issue of journalistic paraideology, and then these issues are discussed in the context of current journalism and media in BiH. The findings of this paper suggest that the meaning of the concept of gatekeeping in light of the dominance of Internet platforms needs to be explored; that we still don’t have a good enough picture of the people who produce the news in BiH; that the issue of social control in newsrooms should be reconsidered in the light of newsroom cutbacks. In addition, research is needed on the nature of the links between journalists and their sources, and the issue of journalistic paraideology in BiH should be examined in the context of reducing the gap between professional journalism and other forms of content production, but also through examination of inherited forms of patriotic journalism.

Social work, in the theoretical discourse, is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary occupation. This fact has been confirmed throughout the history of the development of social work and has inevitably been reflected in practice. Social workers need to collaborate and coordinate, in everyday practice, with different services, agencies, institutions, and organizations. There is a legal framework for a multi-sector approach, namely for the participation of stakeholders from the governmental, non-governmental, civil, and private sectors, but also from the ranks of religious communities and individuals. The focus of this paper is to analyze the role of collaboration and coordination through the scope of theory and practice, in different areas of professional practice of social work. Collaboration is important on many different levels, as well as coordination of agendas designed by different stakeholders. Perceived as connective elements, collaboration and coordination make way for more efficient social activities, optimal use of resources, and timely social reaction to different issues and social needs of a specific local community. In a wider context, this also leads to raising the level of efficiency, which is a significant issue in contemporary social work practice. Furthermore, this paper will also shed a light on possibilities and limitations, causes, and reasons for collaboration, as well as on different kinds of collaboration and problems in the process of establishing and maintaining the collaboration. The paper also includes legal background and research focused on collaboration and coordination in social work.

Uncertainty, unfolding in the most extreme forms in the period of one of the greatest global challenges– a threat to the health and wellbeing of people, caused by the pandemic, is gaining a form difficult to conceive in temporal and conceptual terms. In the perception of students, the young people on the brink of the first employment, the uncertainty primarily reflects in the estimate of possibilities of finding a job and opportunities to construct a professional identity. This paper examines the potential role of personal branding in the improvement of student opportunities to find the desired job, as well as the importance of higher education institutions as strategic partners in the process. This paper, among others, also emphasizes the importance of empowering students towards the recognition of the role of their knowledge and competencies acquired during the studies; the role which does not correspond to banal, oversimplified reduction of the role of education as means to meet the labour market needs.

Generation Z falls into the internet generation because it is the first generation born after the popularisation of the internet. Even though scientists don’t agree on when this generation starts and when it ends, after all, it is believed that the generation Z is made of people that are born in the nineties until today. Their parents belong to the millennial generation that is born in the eighties. Generation Z is the first generation that was raised as a part of the trend of being in the publics' eye, always posting about their lives on social networks. This potentially makes them an egocentric generation and a generation that does not have enough empathy. Although empathy is one of the key characteristics for happiness, generation Z finds happiness in their personal appearance and they care a lot about the opinions of others, that is, they care about the number of likes and the number of followers on social networks. Even though empathy is a key trait of happiness, generation Z finds happiness in physical appearance, and in others' opinion, that is they care about how many likes and how many followers on social networks they have. The purpose of this paper is to examine emotional empathy with the generation that is born in the late nineties, until generations 2006-2007, on a sample of 200 primary and high school students with an assumption that later generations are more empathic and that there is a difference between male and female subjects, that is that females are more empathic. Also, the paper provides case reports that represent the clinical population and not the average representatives of this generation and whose psychological problems may be associated with excessive use of the Internet and social networks. The results of the research indicate that the feeling of insecurity and lack of empathy in this generation is a risk factor for the development of low self-esteem and self-confidence, and ultimately more severe mental disorders, which can be reduced and prevented by a different approach to this generation.

This review paper offers a definition and explanation of the self-care concept as one of the basic ways of developing and nurturing professional and personal capacities and maintaining healthy boundaries between the professional and personal life of helpers. The paper also emphasizes the ethical components of self-care as an imperative for helpers to take care of their own mental and physical health. Challenges for the development and maintenance of skills and conditions for the sustainability of self-care in the helping professions are described and analyzed from the perspective of personal responsibility and the institution’s obligation to ensure healthy working conditions and professional growth and development. Introduction to the self-care concept and comparative analysis is presented through the presentation of various, mostly foreign studies that have monitored the effects of self-care on the overall health of helpers and their professional effects. The paper also describes the adverse consequences of the lack of self-care skills and activities that encourage it. It also emphasizes the negative effects on the health of the helpers and their work potential. In conclusion, guidelines are defined for the development and maintenance of the helper's self-care, important both for his satisfaction in personal life and especially in professional success and self-actualization.

This paper introduces two courses making use of performing arts at university level. The first course, taught by Prof. Simon Henein and his colleagues, called Improgineering, aims to teach collective creation through improvisation to master’s degree students in engineering at the EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland). The second course, taught by Prof. Laure Kloetzer and her colleagues, aims to introduce the Psychology of Migration via a sociocultural approach to bachelor’s degree students in psychology and education at the University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland). After briefly introducing the topic of performing arts in higher education (section 1), the paper offers a description of the two courses (sections 2 and 3). These are complemented by teachers’ and students’ impressions of the course, as analyzed from individual interviews, focus groups and students’ learning diary entries (section 4). The conclusion presents some reflections on the convergences of the pedagogical designs of the courses, drafting a pedagogical model for using performing arts within higher education (section 5).

The article introduces collaborative comic creation (CCC) as a methodological tool. The central question it addresses is how marginalised imaginations of futures can be made visible in the context of the planned Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia-Transport (LAPSSET) in Kenya. The question assumes that infrastructure projects such as the LAPSSET corridor inscribe not only particular ways of moving into a landscape but also one specific temporality that marginalises other future-making practices. The paper participates in the ongoing debate about how imagined futures and future-making practices can be appreciated and analysed methodologically. It thus contributes to the literature on geographies of the future by drawing together conceptual insights from anthropology, infrastructure studies, and critical cartography. Based on these different approaches, the paper proposes to regard future-making practices not only in relation to contentious timelines but also in terms of lines made by moving and drawing on landscapes and surfaces. Using a review of existing social foresight methods as a basis, we describe the practical implementation of CCC. Subsequently, the analysis of one collaboratively produced comic illustrates how the method can help to visualise ambivalent and uncertain imaginations of different futures that oppose the unitary vision of modernity produced by dominant infrastructural visions of a single future. We conclude by reflecting on possible ways of developing the method further.

In 2020 the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the American poet and essayist Louise Glück. Glück was recognized “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”. Born in 1943 in New York, Louise Glück belongs to the poetic generation of the late 1960s – 1970s with their balancing between describing personal experience and an exact reproduction of the external world. The paper includes the analysis of the imagery in Glück’s poetry: it considers the ways mythological characters and archetypes transmit ‘universal’ through ‘individual’. The paper mentions the most representative poems and essays by Louise Glück, outlines the peculiarities of her work and her creative evolution, demonstrates the connection of her poetry with the language of psychoanalysis. Louise Glück’s most notable poetry collections are The Triumph of Achilles (1985), The Wild Iris (1992), Averno (2006), she is the author of two books of essays (Proofs and Theories: Essays on Poetry, 1994; American Originality: Essays on Poetry, 2017). Louise Glück is also Professor (Adjunct) of English, Rosenkranz Writer-in-Residence at Yale University and has previously won the Pulitzer prize (1993), Bollingen Prize (2001), National Book Award (2014) and National Humanities Medal (2015), among others. The essay presents the new Nobel laureate to the readers and traces the poetic manner of the author.

In this article, it has been discussed on the place and importance of the art of writing and painting, which transforms soul to image and image to soul, in Alawi-Bektashi method. These works had been produced by the Babagan (Mucerret) branch of Bektashi order, which was distributed in 1826. They had been entered private collections and museums in 1925 and majority of this works had been falsified. In this paper, it has been clarified that it does not emerge from the Hurūfīsm effect; they are not pictograms or good writing calligraphy, but a manifestation of pantheism. Although the art of writing and painting produced by the Alawi and Bektashi method has been called Hurūfīsm because of writing in letters, it has been explained in the article that it is not a product of Hurūfīsm, but rather a reflection of the pantheism. It has been discussed why with a symmetrical understanding realized writing-paintings are preferred, which has been known as a type of writing in calligraphy as musannā (dual) mirrored writing. The relation of the pantheism to the art of writing-painting, which has a symbolic reference to the apparent (outer) and abdominal (inner) images of being, has been explained. This paper also tackles with the plastic values of the works made in the form of human, which have an important place in the text and pictures, how to be a human in the Alawi-Bektashi way, and how to transform the human image into a soul. It evaluates how the names of Allah-Muhammad-Ali images in human form have been transformed from invisible to visible. Besides, the information have been given about why the prostration to Man has been done since the day of prostration to Adam and what it meant in the Alawi-Bektashi way. Keywords: Alawi, Bektashi, pantheism, writing-painting art, human.

Safe Museums, Safe Collections. A Selection of Articles by Piotr Ogrodzki is a publication discussing the contemporary problems of crimes against heritage objects. The essays written over the period of 20 years were systematically published in the ‘Cenne, Bezcenne/Utracone’ journal, the only periodical dedicated to the recovery and restitutions of the lost national heritage. The publication is composed of 18 papers characterizing selected threats to museums and collections. All the presented texts oscillate within the semantic concepts related to crime and theft in museums and sacral facilities. The essays aptly juxtapose legal aspects with the practices of the protection of national heritage, while the described examples of security measures have been and will remain applicable also in the future. The additional value of the publication of Piotr Ogrodzki’s texts is their translation into English. Although many of the described thefts of art works have taken place in Poland, the Author also points to similar circumstances of such crimes in Europe. Enriched with Piotr Ogrodzki’s short biography and bibliography, the book begins with the papers by Piotr Majewski, Paulina Florjanowicz, Kamil Zeidler, and Jacek Rulewicz. It concludes with the message of Chief Inspector Adam Grajewski of the Polish Police Headquarters under a meaningful title In Lieu of an Afterword. Museum Collection Safety. The publisher of the book, the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections, NIMOZ, should be acknowledge for the noble idea of publishing this book, thus commemorating the outstanding individual that Piotr Ogrodzki was.

Introduction: Workaholism as a psychological and social phenomenon is the object of only a few empirical studies. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of addiction to work was not specified in the ICD-10 or DSM-5 Classifications, the authors of this paper have decided that it is worth considering its preconditions. Materials and method: Based on the review of the available literature, the topic of work addiction was discussed and the main determinants of workaholism and the so-called workaholic personality were presented. Results: The paper presents the author’s theoretical proposition of workaholism notion which postulates the existence of a form of addiction to work, which has its source in personality and motivation. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, workaholism is addictive, but only obsessive-compulsive components may not be sufficient to determine its nature. Workaholism adopts a three-dimensional structure including behavioral, cognitive and affective aspects. Further research on this issue is needed.

The objective of this paper is to gain insight into the importance of English in conducting business efficiently in the banking sector. Also, the conclusions have been made after consideration of relevant research as well as its comparison with research conducted in certain banks in Serbia. The conclusions address the level of usage of the English language in this sector and the opinions that employees have regarding it. Due to the development of e-commerce and daily use of the Internet, the English language has become lingua franca in the banking sector. Also, in order to operate effectively and communicate between banks of different countries, it is important to begin with English language learning in a timely manner. In this paper, the emphasis is primarily placed on written correspondence since it is highly present in banking operations. Employees who perform a more complex type of business and who use English every day should improve their writing skills by gaining greater familiarity with, and putting into use more frequently, certain banking terms and initials/acronyms in the English language.

Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Board of directors are responsible for the governance of a Nigerian company. However, the shareholders of a Nigeria company have power of oversight over the board. This power is exercised by a majority of shareholders. It is this separation of ownership and control that makes good corporate governance imperative to protect shareholders against corporate board misbehaviour, as well as to protect minority shareholders against the opportunism of corporate insiders (board of directors and majority shareholders). Even though corporate law is the primary legislation that regulates the corporation, corporate governance codes have become important corporate governance standards that helps to guide the board and promote effective managerial engagement with shareholders to promote corporate accountability. The Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) issued two corporate governance codes in two years - the National Code of Corporate Governance 2016 and the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance 2018. This shows a clear intention to promote good corporate governance in the country. This essay identifies the peculiar corporate governance challenges in Nigeria, and reviews the two corporate governance codes to show how they address the peculiar challenges. The paper undertakes a criticism of the 2018 and compares to the 2016 Code and corporate governance regulations in other regulations. This criticism highlights the weaknesses in the code and the need for a review. The essay thus suggests a review of the 2018 to provide for Independent Non-Executive Directors dedicated to the interest of minority shareholders as an important first step towards providing access to corporate boards for minority shareholders, as a strategy for promoting corporate accountability. The paper concludes that since the very essence of a corporate governance code is to promote good corporate governance and accountability, any corporate governance Code for Nigeria must address the peculiarity of the Nigerian corporate environment for it to be able to achieve this purpose.

The paper deals with the history of art censorship in the Russian Empire, which started with the reform of 1865 and lasted until the Revolution of 1905 when the restrictive measure was officially abolished. The paper summarizes the legislative measures that were taken by the government to control the distribution and display of the works of fine art. The authors point out that the censorship disapproved images that represented the Russian monarchy in an unfavourable way, that glorified nationalist and revolutionary movements as well as those considered as threatening to the Orthodox Church or public morality. The authors come to the conclusion that the government attempted to implement a system of screening all the paintings, lithographs, and photographs before they were published or displayed. However, it achieved only limited success.

Modern performance measurement systems include customer satisfaction as an important performance indicator. From the standpoint of the Higher Education Institution (hereinafter HEI) in Serbia, key performance indicators are quality indicators used to assess the current situation; to identify service failures and to take on service recovery; to improve total quality of the institution and to determine the future development of the institution. In increasingly competitive and dynamic educational environment, the management of a HEI is aware of the importance of student satisfaction in the context of student motivation and retention, recommendations to potential freshmen, recruiting efforts and funding, as well as performance management. There are numerous direct and indirect indicators of student satisfaction. The main objective of this paper is to identify the parameters of educational process and non-teaching support that have the greatest impact on student satisfaction. Data analysis, conducted in this paper, provide information on the degree of student satisfaction and possible improvements in this area. This study uses standard and hierarchical regression to examine possible causes of student satisfaction. It is based on answers of 1541 students of the College of Professional Studies – Belgrade Polytechnic, collected during a four-year research.

The empirical literature on credit risk is mainly based on modelling the probability of default, omitting the modelling of the loss given default. This paper is aimed to predict recovery rates on the rarely applied nonparametric method of Bayesian Model Averaging and Quantile Regression, developed on the basis of individual prudential monthly panel data in the 2007–2018. The models were created on financial and behavioural data that present the history of the credit relationship of the enterprise with financial institutions. Two approaches are presented in the paper: Point in Time (PIT) and Through-the-Cycle (TTC). A comparison of the Quantile Regression which get a comprehensive view on the entire probability distribution of losses with alternatives reveals advantages when evaluating downturn and expected credit losses. A correct estimation of LGD parameter affects the appropriate amounts of held reserves, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the bank and not exposing itself to the risk of insolvency if such losses occur.

Despite a large number of available techniques around Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP), no holistic framework exists which supports researchers and practitioners to organise knowledge when designing, comparing and evaluating NLP applications. This paper addresses this lack of a holistic framework by developing a taxonomy for Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing. Based on a systematic literature review as proposed by Webster and Watson [1] and vom Brocke et al. [2] and the iterative taxonomy development process of Nickerson et al. [3] we derived five novel dimensions and 38 characteristics based on a sample of 205 papers. Our research suggests, that a Deep Learning NLP approach can be distinguished by five dimensions which were partly derived from the CRISP-DM methodology: application understanding, data preparation, modeling, learning technique and evaluation. We, therefore, hope to provide guidance and support for researchers and practitioners when using Deep Learning for NLP to design, compare and evaluate NLP applications.

In Studien mit Sekundärdaten wie Abrechnungsdaten von Krankenkassen wird man häufig vor methodische Herausforderungen gestellt, die v. a. durch die Zeitabhängigkeit, aber auch durch ungemessenes Confounding entstehen. In diesem Paper stellen wir Strategien vor, um verschiedene Biasquellen zu vermeiden und um den durch ungemessenes Confounding entstehenden Bias abzuschätzen. Wir illustrieren das Prinzip der Targets Trials, marginale Strukturmodelle und instrumentelle Variablen anhand von Studien mit der GePaRD Datenbank. Abschließend werden die Chancen und Limitationen von Record Linkage diskutiert, um fehlende Information in den Daten zu ergänzen. Studies using secondary data such as health care claims data are often faced with methodological challenges due to the time-dependence of key quantities or unmeasured confounding. In the present paper, we discuss approaches to avoid or suitably address various sources of potential bias. In particular, we illustrate the target trial principle, marginal structural models, and instrumental variables with examples from the “GePaRD” database. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of record linkage which can sometimes be used to supply missing information.

Background: Vaccinations against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are intended to induce an immune response in the sense of protection against infection/disease. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is also thought to induce a (different) immune response in the sense of tolerance to allergens. There is uncertainty among patients and physicians regarding the use of vaccination and AIT in temporal relation, which this position paper aims to clarify. The four vaccines currently approved in Germany for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 are described and possible immunological interactions with AIT are highlighted, as well as practical recommendations for action. Methods: Based on the current internationally published literature, this position paper provides specific recommendations for action regarding the use of AIT in temporal relation to a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Results: The present recommendations for action relate to the following conditions for which AIT is used i) allergic rhinitis, ii) allergic bronchial asthma, iii) insect venom allergy, iiii) food allergy (peanut). Conclusions: If vaccination is imminent, initiation of subcutaneous (SCIT), sublingual (SLIT), or oral (OIT) AIT should be delayed until 1 week after the 2nd vaccination date. Thus, there should generally be an interval of approximately 1 week between SCIT and -COVID-19 vaccination. For the continuation of an ongoing AIT, we recommend an interval of 1 week before and after vaccination for SCIT. For SLIT and OIT, we recommend taking them up to the day before vaccination and taking a break from SLIT and OIT for 2 - 7 days after vaccination.

The Divine Child was introduced by Carl Gustav Jung as an archetype closely linked to the process of individuation. Beyond the realm of analytical psychology, this peculiar child figure has been observed in myths and folklore and eventually evolved into a literary archetype known alternatively as das fremde Kind (the strange/alien child). Numerous child figures have since been regarded as representations of this archetype, with the titular character of Michael Ende’s novel Momo (1973) being one of them. While her initial appearance is evocative of the Divine Child, over the course of the story Momo has to accept her fate as the chosen one in a battle against a mysterious foe, ultimately finding herself in the role of the hero of the story. This paper examines the traits of both the archetype of the Divine Child, as well as that of the Hero – including a variation specific to child characters – with the goal of reconsidering if Momo is truly exemplary of the archetype of the Divine Child. This is done with particular regard to Christopher Vogler’s observation that literary archetypes are character functions, rather than fixed types, and as such this paper will discuss how Ende’s protagonist is ultimately an example of this fluidity of functions.

Owing to its widespread accessibility, the online press influences the opinions of its readers to a considerable extent; this also applies to creating the image of the religion teacher. It is noticeable that a key role in the presentation of issues related to this profession is played by certain specific values to which the authors of press comments on the Internet refer and which they recognise. This study analyses the contents of online editions of selected Catholic (“Gośc Niedzielny”, “Niedziela”), right-wing (“Do Rzeczy”, “Sieci”) and left-wing (“Gazeta Wyborcza”, “Polityka”) newspapers and weeklies of the past five years, i.e. from 2015 to the latest issue (November 2019). The analysis revealed both similarities and differences in the presentation of the subject matter in question between these groups of papers. One-sidedness and subjectivity of opinions is a striking feature of opinions presented in the leftist press. According to the study author, these papers wrongly bring up such issues as poor professional qualifications of religion teachers, a waste of the two hours a week for teaching religion; at the same time, they disregard the educational role of religion teachers and their commitment to students’ holistic development. This image is probably largely affected by the negative attitude to the Catholic Church and to teaching religion in Polish schools, resulting from the journalists’ viewpoint. On the other hand, the Catholic press presents a positive attitude and its journalists make efforts to provide reliable information, e.g. by emphasising the professional qualifications and various educational activities of religion teachers and by appreciating their role in the school educational mission. The right-wing press did not publish articles on a religion teacher.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of political modalization, which is an integral feature of the modern media discourse and can be defined as an ideological interpretation of facts and events reported in the media. The relevance of this paper is due to the interest of scientists to the political function of language, the study of which inevitably raises the problem of the relationship between language and politics. The aim of the work is to describe the linguistic means involved in the implementation of political modalization in the English media discourse. This goal is achieved by applying the methods of seme, contextual and linguistic stylistic analysis, as well as the method of critical discourse analysis. The research is based on British and American media 2014–2018. The paper claims that the basis of political modalization is the ideological assessment influenced by the factor of acceptance or rejection of a particular phenomenon. The author analyzes such means of political modalization as manipulation of nominations, evaluative vocabulary, ideologemes, antonymic oppositions, contrast, conceptual metaphors, irony, morphological means, means of expressive syntax. This analysis expands the understanding of both the mechanisms of political modalization and the linguistic creativity of English-speaking journalists who use various modal units to represent the political reality that meets the interests of certain political forces and contributes to the spread of their ideology. These results are relevant for the development of discursive and political linguistics, as well as pragmalinguistics and linguistic stylistics as they identify effective ways of English-speaking journalists’ influence on a mass audience. The article can be useful for linguists, journalists and politicians in both theoretical and applied aspects.

The aim of this paper is to show that "traditional" and "resolute" interpretations have not freed the "Tractatus" from the apparent paradoxical self-defeat. I argue that these readings only give it new clothing. Hacker's "traditional" reading ends up ascribing a metaphysical conspiracy to the "Tractatus", which is incompatible with the aims of the book. The "resolute" reading of Diamond and Conant ascribes an authorial conspiracy to Wittgenstein, which contradicts his views on authorship and method. Grounded in the difficulties found in both sides of the current debate, I conclude this paper by proposing several requirements that the correct interpretation of the "Tractatus" should fulfill. RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que as interpretações "tradicional" e "resoluta" não livraram o "Tractatus" da aparente autoderrota paradoxal. Argumento que essas leituras apresentam apenas uma nova roupagem ao paradoxo. A leitura "tradicional" de Hacker acaba atribuindo uma conspiração metafísica ao "Tractatus", o que é incompatível com os objetivos do livro. A leitura "resoluta" de Diamond e Conant atribui a Wittgenstein uma conspiração autoral, o que contradiz suas opiniões sobre autoria e método. Com base nas dificuldades encontradas em ambos os lados do debate atual, concluo este artigo propondo vários requisitos que a correta interpretação do "Tractatus" deve preencher.

The paper is the first part of S. Barbantani’s contribution Lyric for the Rulers, Lyric for the People: The Transformation of Some Lyric Subgenres in Hellenistic Poetry, in E. Sistakou (ed.), Hellenistic Lyricism: Traditions and Transformations of a Literary Mode (Trends in Classics 9, 2), Berlin - Boston 2017, 339-399 (which discusses encomiastic lyric, epinikion in Callimachus, Posidippus and inscriptional epigram, literary epithalamia, threnoi and epikedeia, poems in stichic lyric meters, Carmina popularia, anthologies for symposiastic use and mimes). This contribution analyses how some of the main lyric genres, developed in archaic and classical Greek poetry, underwent transformation in the Hellenistic period, following social, political and cultural changes. The paper specifically explores lyric poetry produced ‘for the gods’ (hymns, esp. paeans, preserved on stone and on papyrus).

In the last decade, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been more and more established for the screening and detection of diseases and pathologies, as well as for describing interactions between measures where classical methods are too complex or fail. The purpose of this paper is to model the measured postoperative position of an intraocular lens implant after cataract surgery, based on preoperatively assessed biometric effect sizes using techniques of machine learning.In this study, we enrolled 249 eyes of patients who underwent elective cataract surgery at Augenklinik Castrop-Rauxel. Eyes were measured preoperatively with the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec), as well as preoperatively and postoperatively with the Casia 2 OCT (Tomey). Based on preoperative effect sizes axial length, corneal thickness, internal anterior chamber depth, thickness of the crystalline lens, mean corneal radius and corneal diameter a selection of 17 machine learning algorithms were tested for prediction performance for calculation of internal anterior chamber depth (AQD_post) and axial position of equatorial plane of the lens in the pseudophakic eye (LEQ_post).The 17 machine learning algorithms (out of 4 families) varied in root mean squared/mean absolute prediction error between 0.187/0.139 mm and 0.255/0.204 mm (AQD_post) and 0.183/0.135 mm and 0.253/0.206 mm (LEQ_post), using 5-fold cross validation techniques. The Gaussian Process Regression Model using an exponential kernel showed the best performance in terms of root mean squared error for prediction of AQDpost and LEQpost. If the entire dataset is used (without splitting for training and validation data), comparison of a simple multivariate linear regression model vs. the algorithm with the best performance showed a root mean squared prediction error for AQD_post/LEQ_post with 0.188/0.187 mm vs. the best performance Gaussian Process Regression Model with 0.166/0.159 mm.In this paper we wanted to show the principles of supervised machine learning applied to prediction of the measured physical postoperative axial position of the intraocular lenses. Based on our limited data pool and the algorithms used in our setting, the benefit of machine learning algorithms seems to be limited compared to a standard multivariate regression model.In den vergangenen Jahren wurden zunehmend Systeme der künstlichen Intelligenz in der Medizin etabliert, die Pathologien oder Erkrankungen erkennen und schwer zu erfassende Zusammenhänge zwischen Eingangsgrößen beschreiben sollen. Ziel der Studie ist es, anhand von biometrischen Messgrößen vor der Kataraktoperation die physikalische Position der Intraokularlinse nach der Operation mit Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens vorherzusagen.249 Augen von Patienten, die sich zur elektiven Kataraktoperation an der Augenklinik Castrop-Rauxel vorstellten, wurden mit dem IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec) und vor sowie nach der Operation mit dem Casia 2 (Tomey) untersucht. Aus den Effektgrößen Augenlänge, Hornhautdicke, interne Vorderkammertiefe, Linsendicke, mittlerer Hornhautradius und Hornhautdurchmesser wurde eine Auswahl von 17 Algorithmen des Maschinenlernens auf ihre Vorhersagequalität hin getestet für die Bestimmung der postoperativen internen Vorderkammertiefe (AQD_post) und der Lage des Linsenäquators relativ zum Hornhautscheitel (LEQ_post).Die 17 Modelle (4 Algorithmusfamilien) variierten im mittleren quadratischen/mittleren absoluten Vorhersagefehler zwischen 0,187/0,139 mm und 0,255/0,204 mm (AQD_post) und 0,183/0,135 mm und 0,253/0,206 mm (LEQ_post) bei einer Kreuzvalidierung (5-fold cross validation). Der Algorithmus mit der besten Performance war bei beiden Vorhersagen ein Gaussian Process Regression Model mit einem exponentiellen Kernel. Prüft man am gesamten Datensatz (ohne Aufteilung in Trainings- und Validierungsdaten) ein einfaches multiples lineares Regressionsmodell gegen den Algorithmus mit der besten Performance, so ergibt sich bei der Vorhersage von AQD_post/LEQ_post ein mittlerer quadratischer Vorhersagefehler von 0,188/0,187 mm gegenüber dem Gaussian Process Regression Model mit 0,166/0,159 mm.In der Arbeit soll das Prinzip des überwachten Maschinenlernens in der Anwendung auf die Nachbildung der physikalisch gemessenen postoperativen axialen Position von Intraokularlinsen gezeigt werden. Bei den vorliegenden Daten ist der Gewinn durch die Verwendung von Algorithmen des maschinellen Lernens (bei den hier verwendeten Algorithmen) gegenüber einem multiplen linearen Regressionsansatz gering.

Hygienic Domestication of Urban Fish and the Wild Life in the Water Pipes. Home Aquaria and the City in the Nineteenth Century. The paper focuses on the interrelations between the domestic aquarium and its urban environment in the second half of the nineteenth century. It argues that the city plays a crucial role in the invention and history of the aquarium. Not only is the material culture of the aquarium a product of urban technologies and infrastructure; the aquarium's early definition as a confined and closed, self-contained and purified space can be seen as a response to increasing environmental problems, particularly urban water and air pollution. The paper describes how the aquarium and the city together form a laboratory for the exploration of new sanitary and climatic techniques in terms of ventilation and water supply. Furthermore, the paper stresses the crucial role that early amateur aquarium-keeping plays in the practical construction and regulation of artificial environments as well as in the historical and theoretical reformulation of fundamental notions such as dynamic balance and models of circulation. Getting more and more intertwined on a material and discursive level, the aquarium and its urban environment not only provide specific habitats where the living conditions of humans and animals can be studied. In fact, both become objects and simultaneously media of sanitarian programmes in the name of public health.

The primacy of sunlight over shade is a relatively recent historical phenomenon in Australian architecture. In this paper, it is argued that shade was a priority for northern Australian settlers in the state of Queensland and evident in their architecture until the 1920s when ideas about thermal comfort, race and climate elevated the desirability of sun exposure. This paper considers the cross-cultural exchange of colonial shade and the increasing avoidance of sun exposure linked to European beliefs about human health, derived from the field of tropical medicine and evidenced by northern Australian clothing styles and the Queensland house. Later sections consider the social and cultural underpinnings of a Modernist shift in architecture prioritizing sun exposure over deep shade. Finally, the paper will consider a refocus on shade provision since the 1990s, linked to rising rates of preventable skin cancer. Historisch betrachtet ist die Vorrangstellung des Sonnenlichts vor dem Schatten eine relativ neue Erscheinung in der Architektur Australiens. Der Artikel erläutert, dass für Siedler im nordaustralischen Bundesstaat Queensland der Schatten eine Priorität darstellte, die ihrer Architektur deutlich anzusehen ist, bis in den 1920er Jahren neue Vorstellungen von behaglichen Temperaturen, Ethnie und Klima den Wunsch nach Kontakt mit Sonnenlicht verstärkten. Der Artikel untersucht den interkulturellen Austausch zwischen kolonialem Schatten und der zunehmenden Vermeidung von Sonneneinstrahlung aufgrund europäischer Annahmen über die menschliche Gesundheit, welche aus dem Bereich der Tropenmedizin stammten und an nordaustralischen Kleidungsstilen und am Hausbau in Queensland offenkundig werden. Die folgenden Abschnitte betrachten die sozialen und kulturellen Bedingungen für den architektonischen Prioritätenwechsel der Moderne von tiefer Verschattung hin zu mehr Sonnenlicht. Abschließend wendet sich der Artikel der seit den 1990er Jahren erneut im Vordergrund stehenden Abschattung zu, die sich aus den steigenden Raten von vermeidbarem Hautkrebs erklärt. Cambio de orientación: la sombra en la arquitectura del norte de Australia y las implantaciones coloniales antes del 1920. La prevalencia de la luz sobre la sombra es un fenómeno relativamente reciente en la historia de la arquitectura australiana. Hasta los años 1920 era una prioridad para los colones del norte de Australia, que se ha inscrito en la arquitectura del estado de Queensland, antes que las consideraciones raciales, climáticas, y de confort, que no incitaban a exponerse más ampliamente al sol. Este articulo trata del choque cultural del periodo colonial, y de la aversión creciente por el sol, resultado de las teorías europeas en materia de la salud y de la medicina tropical, puestas en evidencia por las costumbres vestimentarias y el hábitat de Queensland. Nos interesamos después a los cambios sociales y culturales, al origen del cambio modernista en la arquitectura, valorizando la luz y la exposición al sol, antes de abordar el aumento de interés por la sombra desde los años 1990, ligada a la prevención del cáncer de la piel. La primauté de la lumière sur l'ombre est un phénomène relativement récent dans l’histoire de l'architecture australienne. Jusqu’aux années 1920, l’ombre était une priorité pour les colons du nord de l’Australie et s’est inscrite dans l’architecture de l'État du Queensland, avant que des considérations raciales, climatiques, et de confort, n’incitent à s’exposer plus largement au soleil. Cet article traite du choc culturel de la période coloniale, et de l’aversion croissante pour le soleil résultant des théories européennes en matière de santé et de médecine tropicale, mises en évidence par les habitudes vestimentaires et l’habitat du Queensland. On s’intéresse ensuite aux changements sociaux et culturels à l’origine du tournant moderniste dans l’architecture valorisant la lumière et l’exposition au soleil, avant d’aborder le regain d’intérêt pour l’ombre depuis les années 1990, lié à la prévention des cancers de la peau. Nella storia dell’architettura australiana, la preminenza della luce sull’ombra è un fenomeno relativamente recente. Come testimonia l’architettura dello Stato del Queensland, per i coloni dell’Australia settentrionale l’ombra è stata una priorità fino agli anni Venti, quando le considerazioni sul comfort termico, la razza e il clima hanno condotto a una rivalutazione dell’esposizione solare. Questo articolo prende in esame gli scambi interculturali dell’ombra coloniale e la crescente avversione nei confronti dell’esposizione solare, legata alle credenze europee in materia di salute derivate dalla medicina tropicale e dimostrata dagli stili di abbigliamento dell’Australia settentrionale e dall’edilizia abitativa del Queensland. L’articolo si concentra quindi sulle origini socioculturali della svolta modernista dell’architettura, che ha restituito importanza all’esposizione solare, per poi interessarsi al ritorno in auge dell’ombra a partire dagli anni Novanta, in seguito a un aumento dell’incidenza dei tumori della pelle prevenibili.

The aim of the paper is to present a by now underestimated fact in the history of Polish codicology: the nineteenth-century studies in the manuscripts of Annals by Jan Dlugosz (1415-80). A large number of codices as well as eminent position of Dlugosz in Polish medieval literature has for long drawn attention of both general and professional opinion to this textual heritage. In the paper four periods of intensive inquiry into copies of Annals were identified. The first one, of the second half of 18th century, was marked by biographical and bibliographical studies of Jan D. Janocki. He came across the manuscripts of Annals in Zaluscian Library in Warsaw, where he was prefect (librarian). He described them, along with other copies from outside of this library. In the second period, when literary history was also a basis of research, the number of known copies was expanded by Michal Wiszniewski, who scrupulously collected information about manuscripts discovered during the first four decades of the 19th century, as well as those which had been known earlier. A new research trend was launched during the years 1840-1850 by Aleksander Batowski and Jozef Muczkowski. Their work belongs to the third period of Annals studies. Batowski described codices form the libraries of Galicia (Lemberg, Cracow, and Sieniawa); Muczkowski also collected information about them, and in addition about copies deposited at other Polish territories and abroad. Due to the professional background of both scholars profound codicological findings are the feature of this period. It was inspiring the last, fourth one, marked by the labour of publishing Dlugosz's Opera omnia, including Annals. A 1858 announcement of the intended publication aroused unprecedented commitment, which led to collecting information on nearly 100 manuscript versions. This was used by Aleksander Przeździecki, who took up an initiative to publish Dlugosz's works, and who discovered the autograph of Annals, and a little later by Henryk Zeissberg in his textbook on Polish medieval historiography. At the early seventies of the nineteenth century explres the period of intensive research and study of Annals. Later some separate discoveries were made, but they were not linked to the systematic study of Dlugosz's work. Author attempted also to reveal methods of an eighteenth and nineteenth century manuscript student in Poland, their origin and early stage of development.

The main purpose of my Ph.D. project is to describe and understand the way television-programmes and video-films are being used by the very youngest viewers, and how they interpret and interact with especially television (and video) narratives. This particular audience-group has been vastly neglected in both Nordic and European media studies, even though several programmes and concepts over the last decade have been aimed directly at the youngest viewers and despite the fact that they represent a considerable consumer-segment. I have as a main thesis that children are constituted as television viewers during early childhood and that they, at this early age, develop preferences for specific genres, programs or concepts. Also, this age period is characterized by huge developments; cognitive, linguistic, bodily and socially, in which television texts plays an important role in providing narratives and other forms of raw-material. In the presentation of my paper I will include some of the very first findings from the empirical part of my study and discuss initial problems and challenges regarding design.My paper will emphasize the methodological challenges of the project, in trying to grasp children’s meaning-making (which is usually what traditional reception analysis does) by using methods originated in media ethnography. Mixing the two hitherto separated research traditions is partly determined by necessity, but also provides new insights, which will be discussed in my paper.

The primary goal of this paper is to examine the coverage of the 2008-2009 economic crisis in the Lithuanian online media as well as its relationship to the actual economic situation and perception of media consumers. The theoretical basis for this research is made up of the theories of agenda-setting and framing. The coverage of the media is assessed on the basis of the corpus of economic reporting in 2006–2014 in two Lithuanian media sources, the news agency BNS and DELFI news website, by analysing the volume and the tone of the reports. The coverage in the media is then compared to some statistical economic indicators.The main findings of the paper are the following:1. The coverage of the crisis in the media reflected rather accurately the actual situation: the fluctuations of the volume of the reports largely followed the timeline of the main events of the crisis. The correlation between the reporting tone and industrial production index as a gauge of the economic situation was rather high, which supports the adequacy of the coverage. The relationship between the reporting and economic indicators was found to be stronger in the case of the BNS than in DELFI.2. Negative reports were found to be dominating over positive ones. It is partially inevitable due to the context of the crisis, but the effect of the general media negativity bias cannot be ruled out either.3. During the year of the worst economic situation, the number of the reports of both highly negative and highly positive tone increased, but the volume of the two extremes decreased with the improvement of the economic situation. This might suggest that the media was aiming to counterweight the flow of very negative news during the crisis.4. On average, the tone of the BNS news agency coverage was more positive than that of DELFI. The factors behind this trend could be the linguistic features of the reporting style (usage of intensifying modal words as well as negatively or positively image-evoking lexis) and the intention to attract attention from the audience.5. Certain asymmetry was noticed in the public reaction to the coverage of the crisis in the media as media consumers reacted more rapidly and for a longer time period to the deterioration in the reporting tone than to its improvement.6. The correlation to media coverage was stronger in the case of the consumer sentiment indicator rather than in the case of the indicator for consumer behaviour (retail trade turnover index).It should be noted that the analysis was limited to only two media channels, so the inclusion of other media channels, especially television, could make such research more informative. Further research could include an additional corpus of reports with such keywords as “recession”, “recovery”, “growth”, “unemployment” and similar items. An analysis of the effects of linguistic factors alone on the reporting tone could also provide some interesting insights. Research on the coverage tone in relation to different subjects (economy, companies and political events) could be another valuable addition to the study.

Citation: Denisova-Schmidt E. (2020) The End of the Academic Profession in Russia? Mir Rossii, vol. 29, no 3, pp. 86–95. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-3-86-95 This article discusses the attractiveness of the academic profession in Russia today. Unnecessary administrative workloads, “unteachable students”, restrictions on academic freedom, diminishing monetary incentives all contribute negatively to the intellectual, creative and teaching activities of faculty members, especially at mass universities. The article is a reflection on the open letter from Vera Afanasieva, a professor of philosophy at Saratov State University, to Olga Vasilyeva the then Russian Minister of Education and Science (2017). This letter, in which the author highlights several major problems of Russian higher education − “total poverty; paper paranoia and clerical schizophrenia; pathological lies − pseudology and mythomania; the devaluation of knowledge; mental illness” − led to a public discussion in the Russian academic community and a number of visits by law enforcement agencies. The paper argues that some of the symptoms might be common and even prevalent in other academic systems, but stresses the magnitude of these phenomena in Russia, including the possible personal responsibilities of faculty members for students’ “extracurricular activities” such as participating in protests.

The theory of foregrounding, developed by St. Petersburg scholar Irina Vladimirovna Arnold in the middle of the 20th century, was rather revolutionary for its time as it aimed to establish connection between formal levels of the language and textual meanings that allowed the reader to decode the author’s message. Arnold identifies four principal elements of foregrounding that disclose conceptual textual meaning: the strong position of a text, repetitions on different levels of language, the convergence of stylistic devices and defeated expectancy. The professor states that these elements of the text are always intentional and, thus, give a key to understanding the author’s message and position. This theory, being universal and easy to apply, has been widely used by Russian scholars working in the domain of textual linguistics and stylistics until nowadays. Such an approach increases the objectivity of the scientific findings in this area and enriches the overall text analysis with extra details and more meanings disclosed. The paper gives an overview of the theory of foregrounding, emphasizing the role it plays in text analysis and stylistics of decoding, and illustrates its principles with examples of practical analysis of the text conducted by the author of the paper.

The idea of this paper arose in a reading group of several colleagues at the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University after a discussion of a review article published by the editors of Language Teaching. Titled ‘Replication studies in language learning and teaching’ (2008), the paper focuses on replication studies and argues that they should be promoted and valued no less than original research. The participants of the reading group agreed that replication studies, understood here primarily as replications of quantitative research, are indeed an important issue that could be of interest to the broader community of applied linguists in Lithuania. The present paper argues that attempts to replicate earlier studies, which are very scarce or non-existent in Lithuania, deserve more attention both from novice and mature researchers. Replications are particularly valuable in developmental studies where replicating a study over a period of time allows the researcher to obtain data for continued analysis. Furthermore, a replication of a published study that deals with data collected in one country offers an opportunity to verify its findings in a different context and this way consolidates our understanding of phenomena under study. Finally, replication is an invaluable learning method to a novice linguist, be it a senior undergraduate or postgraduate student. Thus the authors of this paper would like to promote the idea of replication research in our community as well as encourage everyone interested make use of the increasingly growing amount of open access data available on the internet.

Immunotherapy represents an effective therapeutic approach for many malignant diseases that were previously difficult to treat. However, since immunotherapy can lead to atypical therapy response patterns in the form of pseudo-progression or mixed responses and comprise an altered spectrum of adverse reactions, they present a new challenge for oncologic imaging. Detailed knowledge in this area is essential for oncologic clinical radiologists, since the radiological report is a cornerstone of response assessment, and increasingly influences therapy regimens and coverage by health insurances. This white paper is based on an expert meeting in Frankfurt am Main and subsequent discussions between the authors. Based on the iRECIST criteria, it is intended to provide orientation for a response assessment of oncologic patients undergoing immunotherapy that can be applied in the clinical routine. Radiological therapy monitoring outside clinical studies is subject to inherent limitations, but should be performed based on iRECIST criteria, according to the opinion of the expert panel. It should be taken into account that immunotherapies can in principle lead to pseudo-progression and autoimmunological side effects. Since radiological follow-up is currently the only method to accurately distinguish real progressive disease from pseudo-progression, clinically stable patients with disease progression under immunotherapy should undergo additional short-term follow-up imaging according to the suspected diagnosis. Biopsy should be used cautiously and predominately in curative settings. For response assessment of immunotherapy in clinical studies, the new iRECIST criteria were published in 2017. Outside studies, the application of iRECIST criteria in the clinical routine is subject to several limitations. The recommendations implied in these criteria can, however, be used in conjunction with the current literature as a guideline in clinical practice and outside studies. · Novel immunotherapies can cause atypical response patterns like pseudo-progression. · Compared to real progressive disease, pseudo-progression occurs rather rarely, yet can influence therapy. · Short-term follow-up according to iRECIST can help to distinguish pseudo-progression from real progression. · Hence, radiological follow-up outside clinical studies should be oriented towards iRECIST criteria.· Lennartz S, Diederich S, Doehn C et al. Radiological Monitoring of Modern Immunotherapy: A Novel Challenge for Interdisciplinary Patient Care. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 235 - 244. Immuntherapeutika stellen einen wirkungsvollen Therapieansatz für viele vormals schwer therapeutisch zugängliche Tumorentitäten dar. Durch atypische Therapieansprechmuster in Form von Pseudoprogressionen oder Mixed Response sowie ein verändertes Nebenwirkungsspektrum stellen sie die onkologische Bildgebung vor neue Herausforderungen. Dedizierte Kenntnisse hierüber sind für onkologisch tätige Radiologen essenziell, da der radiologische Befund einen wichtigen klinischen Parameter zur Response-Beurteilung darstellt, was wiederum maßgeblich zur Entscheidung über Therapiefortführung und ggf. Kostenübernahme durch die Krankenkassen beiträgt. Dieses White-Paper basiert auf einem Experten-Meeting in Frankfurt am Main sowie anschließenden Beratungen unter den Autoren und soll auf Grundlage der iRECIST Kriterien eine Orientierung zur in der klinischen Routine praktisch umsetzbaren Response-Beurteilung für onkologische Patienten unter Immuntherapie vermitteln. Das radiologische Therapiemonitoring außerhalb von Studien unterliegt inhärenten Limitationen, sollte jedoch nach Meinung des Expertengremiums dennoch in Anlehnung an die iRECIST-Kriterien erfolgen. Hierbei sollte bedacht werden, dass es unter Immuntherapeutika prinzipiell zu Pseudoprogressionen und autoimmunologischen Nebenwirkungen kommen kann. Da die radiologische Bildgebung im Verlauf bis dato die einzige Methode ist, um einen echten Progress von einem Pseudoprogress zu unterscheiden, sollte bei klinisch stabilen Patienten mit einem Progress unter Immuntherapie eine kurzfristige Verlaufskontrolle in Orientierung an der bestehenden Verdachtsdiagnose erfolgen; die Biopsie zur Differenzierung sollte zurückhaltend und vor allem im kurativen Setting genutzt werden. Für die Response-Beurteilung im Studiensetting wurden 2017 die neuen iRECIST-Kriterien für Immuntherapien publiziert. Außerhalb von Studien ist die Verwendung von iRECIST in der klinischen Routinebefundung nur mit Limitationen möglich. Die in iRECIST implizierten Empfehlungen können jedoch in Zusammenschau mit der aktuellen Literatur als Richtschnur in der klinischen Praxis und außerhalb von Studien dienen. · Unter den neuen Immuntherapien kann es zu Pseudoprogressionen kommen.. · Diese sind verglichen mit echten Krankheitsprogressionen selten, können jedoch den Therapieverlauf beeinflussen.. · Kurzfristige Verlaufskontrollen in Anlehnung an iRECIST können helfen, Pseudoprogress und echten Progress unterscheiden.. · Daher sollte die radiologische Response-Beurteilung außerhalb klinischer Studien in Anlehnung an iRECIST erfolgen..· Lennartz S, Diederich S, Doehn C et al. Radiological Monitoring of Modern Immunotherapy: A Novel Challenge for Interdisciplinary Patient Care. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 235 – 245.

Hardening is the process of configuring IT systems to ensure the security of the systems' components and data they process or store. The complexity of contemporary IT infrastructures, however, renders manual security hardening and maintenance a daunting task. In many organizations, security-configuration guides expressed in the SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) are used as a basis for hardening, but these guides by themselves provide no means for automatically implementing the required configurations. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. In many organizations, security-configuration guides expressed in the SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) are used as a basis for hardening, but these guides by themselves provide no means for automatically implementing the required configurations. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides.

What brings about cooperation in social dilemmas? The literature has proposed motivational and strategic solutions to social dilemmas. In motivational solutions, actors cooperate because they care about fairness. In strategic solutions actors cooperate because their chances to exploit others are reduced. This paper argues that actors also cooperate in order to gain prestige. The effect of prestige on cooperation is examined relying on a unique set of network and covariate data on art organizations (museums, independent art spaces, galleries and art foundations) in Bogota, the capital of Colombia. Bogota is a not a very likely environment for cooperation, since distrust is still widespread after a long civil war. The temporal exponential random graph models predict dyadic cooperation (i.e., between two actors) based on past and present cooperation in the network as well as of the organizations’ characteristics. The analysis thus controls for the effect of actors’ past and present interaction on the present cooperation dilemma. The paper shows that prestige affects cooperation in social dilemmas independent of past and present interactions.

This paper provides a systematic literature review and a future research agenda on the topic of purchasing of business services (BuSe). BuSe purchasing has increasingly gained in importance during the past years. It has established itself as a relevant sub-discipline in purchasing and supply management. This “state of research” paper identifies the main authors, relevant topics and practical implications as well as upcoming developments. For this purpose, 118 publications were collected and analyzed. While early research on BuSe purchasing was strongly influenced by the American marketing literature, more recent papers are also published by European authors and institutions coming from the core of the purchasing and supply management discipline. In general, the literature lacks in theoretical foundation and longitudinal methods while assuming high generalizability. Based on the analyses and additional discussions within the research team, directions for future research are identified at a political, economic, social and technological (PEST) level. The following trends for service purchasing were elaborated: (i) «Glocalisation» and near-shoring, (2) sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR), (iii) internal and external collaboration, (iv) value-driven contract and payment systems, (v) hybrid products and servitization, and (vi) big data analytics, artificial intelligence and process automation.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages gehen wir der Frage nach, inwiefern Crowdsourcing von Betrieben, bei denen ein Teil der Arbeitstatigkeiten einer Wertschopfungskette uber digitale Plattformen ausgelagert wird, Anderungen im Ungleichheitsgefuge des Beschaftigungssystems mit sich bringt. Bei Crowdsourcing scheint die Vermittlung und Gestaltung durch Plattformen eine betriebliche Strukturierung der Arbeitsbedingungen von Crowdworkern und Crowdworkerinnen zu ersetzen. Dies ist jedoch nur teilweise der Fall. Auf Basis der Theorie relationaler Ungleichheiten in Arbeitsorganisationen hebt dieser Beitrag hervor, dass die Gestaltung von Crowdsourcing und Crowdworking Teil betrieblicher Aushandlungsprozesse ist, welche, in Abhangigkeit von betrieblichen Ungleichheitsregimen, unterschiedliche Konsequenzen fur regular Beschaftigte und Crowdworkende mit sich bringen. Dies betrifft zum einen, inwiefern Beschaftigte innerhalb von Betrieben durch Crowdsourcing substituiert und in ihren Gratifikationschancen bedroht werden oder Crowdwork als Unterstutzung bestehender betrieblicher Ablaufe erfahren. Zum anderen, inwiefern Crowdworkerinnen und Crowdworker durch Betriebe ausgebeutet werden oder Crowdwork eine weitere Alternative von Beschaftigung darstellt, die zu bestimmten Lebensphasen und -entwurfen passt. Schlagworter: Crowdwork, Crowdsourcing, Plattformokonomie, Betriebe, soziale Ungleichheit ----- Crowdwork: Applying a relational inequality theory Abstract In this paper, we examine to what extent crowdsourcing by work organizations as a form of outsourcing of work activities via digital platforms implicates changes in the inequality structure of the employment system. The mediation and organization via platforms seems to replace a workplace specific structuring of crowdworkers’ working conditions. However, this is only partially the case. Based on relational inequality theory this paper emphasizes that the design of crowdsourcing and crowdworking is part of negotiation processes within work organizations with specific inequality regimes which comprise different consequences for regular employees as well as crowdworkers. On the one hand, this applies to the question whether employees within work organizations are substituted or threatened in their work gratifications by crowdsourcing, or whether crowdwork supports existing processes in the work organization. On the other hand, it concerns whether crowdworkers are exploited by work organizations, or whether crowdwork is an alternative form of employment that fits to certain life stages and patterns. Keywords: crowdwork, crowdsourcing, platform economy, work organizations, social inequality. JEL: L2, O15, J2, J4 ----- Bibliographie: Abendroth, Anja-Kristin/Reimann, Mareike/Diewald, Martin/Lukemann, Laura: Arbeiten in der Crowd: Perspektiven der Theorie relationaler Ungleichheiten in Arbeitsorganisationen, Industrielle Beziehungen. Zeitschrift fur Arbeit, Organisation und Management, 2-2020, S. 160-178. https://doi.org/10.3224/indbez.v27i2.04

After regaining independence in 1991 Estonia, like other Baltic states, went through a transition period which can be described as a return to the West, i.e. Europe. By now, Estonia has joined European community and is successfully integrated with Europe. However, in regard to the country’s cultural and political identity, the process of self-determination continues, particularly on the level of regional identity: whether the newly independent Baltic countries belong to Eastern or Northern Europe? Estonia tends to position itself among Nordic countries, primarily by reason of close historical ties and linguistic kinship with Finland. In the light of current identity processes the cultural interaction between Estonia and Finland deserves attention. This paper examines only one aspect: the reception of contemporary Finnish dramaturgy in the 21st century Estonian theatre. Finnish dramas had been staged in Estonian theatres since the end of the 19th century. However, it is noticeable that their number has significantly increased since the 2000s, and the repertoire of the major Estonian theatres contains far more new, contemporary Finnish plays than well-known classics. Plays by Leea Klemola, Sirkku Peltola, Juha Jokela, Mika Myllyaho, Pipsa Lonka and others enjoy great popularity among Estonian audiences. How do these plays represent Finnish society? How were they interpreted and received in Estonian theatre? How do stage productions of Finnish plays contribute to the construction of shared Nordic identity? The paper looks for answers to these questions.

This paper investigates transfer in the use of English intensifiers by Croatian students of English. Since transfer is an important factor in second language acquisition and is very common in different areas of language use, it has been the subject of various studies. In this paper, we focus on lexical transfer investigating its effects on the use of intensifiers among first-year undergraduate university students of English at Zadar University, Croatia. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine whether there is a connection between the use of intensifiers in L2 and L1, i.e. whether the knowledge of intensifiers in L1 Croatian influences learners' use or knowledge of intensifiers in L2 English. Intensity is a basic human cognitive category and has an important function in communication. Specifically, the speaker expresses emotions or an attitude towards a topic using intensifiers. Furthermore, intensifiers are used in different collocations modifying adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. However, this study focuses only on intensifiers that appear in adverb-adjective collocations, and their use is observed in a relatively large group of language learners at a single point in time. Relevant data are collected using questionnaires as well as cloze-tests and translation tasks which focus on semantics and collocation.

The paper describes a somewhat forgotten book collection of the outstanding Wrocław editor Jan Kuglin, in terms of the editions on print aesthetics contained therein. The collection, which is a reflection of Kuglin’s scientific passions, contains many valuable books in German, English, Polish, Russian and Czech in the field of book and printing history, editing, book design, typography, writing, graphic techniques, polygraphy, paper industry, bookbinding, etc. In the book collection of Kuglin one can find editions being examples of a perfect typography. Thus, the collection stored in the Library of the Institute of Information and Library Science of the University of Wrocław is an excellent source for research on the aesthetics of printing in the 20th century.

The present paper develops the study design of a linguistic analysis of digital communication practices among German-speaking expats in China using WeChat. Within digital communication in China, the messenger application WeChat is the most widely used means of communication, boasting roughly one billion users. There has not been relevant linguistic research on communication making use of this application to date. We especially lack studies addressing the communication practices with WeChat by native speakers of German, who form a relatively large group of expatriates in China (20,000+ Germans alone), mostly working in the automobile industry. After a short introduction (1.) which addresses the relevant research question to be tackled, the previous research on WeChat is summarized (2.). The attention WeChat has received in the media of the German language area becomes visible, but we can also see that there is no systematic scholarly discourse focusing on the application just yet. This is followed by a section on the communicative features and functionality of WeChat (3.): here it is pointed out that WeChat has multiple functions which go significantly further than messaging applications such as WhatsApp provide their users. These features comprise e.g. online payment, GPS tracking and navigation, money transfers, and monetary gifts. Furthermore, WeChat combines features of WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter. A thorough description of these features provides the basis for laying out the study design of the online survey (4.). The online survey comprises more than twenty questions on the use of WeChat with special regard to the expatriate setting in China. The paper ends with a section on the expected results (5.).

Airport Security is a complex and important task directly affecting airports’ operational performances and passenger comfort. As part of the EU Horizon 2020 project PASSME, passenger centric airport and airplane interiors were redesigned in order to meet passengers’ needs and reducing door-to-door travel time. This paper will describe how simulation was used to provide early feedback as part of the security design process and for evaluating the outcome while avoiding high implementation cost and without disturbing operational processes. We will also describe the new developed security design concept as well as the simulation approach with Anylogic software. The simulation output – effects of the new design concept – will be discussed at the end of the paper along with an outlook on further research opportunities.

This paper presents the outcomes of the project HYMENSO – Hybrid Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) and Photovoltaic (PV) plants for MENA Region –which had the main goal to investigate the optimal configuration of solar power plants for selected sites in Jordan, Tunisia and Algeria. This technology hybridization is becoming popular since it can harvest the advantages of both systems: easy installation and low LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) for PV, versatility and dispatchability of CSP. Additionally, fossil back-up with natural gas is also analyzed. The project HYMENSO was funded by the participants’ countries in the framework of ERANETMED. This paper presents results with focus on the simulation of the hybrid CSP-PV systems, due to its innovative character and current relevance. It has been demonstrated that there are many configuration options for hybridizing CSP and PV systems, therefore requiring the definition of further boundary conditions to determine an optimum, such as limitation of CO2 emissions in case that fossil back-up is used, expected satisfaction of the electricity demand, available land or water limitations. Important to notice is that for countries with a high fossil fuel price, the hybridization with natural gas reduces the overall LCOE only until a share of the generated energy of about 20%, higher use of fossil fuel is for such sites rich in solar irradiation not of noticeable advance.

The long and winding road is a metaphor for a journey, often used to describe life journeys and the challenges encountered. The metaphor was used for the title of my keynote to refer both to the journey towards the current position of virtual exchange in education policy – but also the long road ahead. This paper aims to explore the emergence of virtual exchange in educational policy and how it has been adopted by non-profit organisations, educational institutions, and policy makers to address geo- and socio-political tensions. Though still a relatively new field, in recent years there have been some important developments in terms of policy statements and public investments in virtual exchange. The paper starts by looking at the current state-of-the-art in terms of virtual exchange in education policy and initiatives in Europe. Then, using an approach based on ‘episode studies’ from the policy literature, the paper explores the main virtual exchange schemes and initiatives that have drawn the attention of European policy makers. The paper closes by looking at some of the lessons we have learnt from research on the practice of virtual exchange, and how this can inform us as we face the long road ahead of us. The focus of this paper is on the European context not because I assume it to be the most important or influential, but rather because it is the one I know best, since it is the context in which I have been working.

This paper explores the use of fuzzy difference methods in order to understand the differences between forest classes. The context for this work is provided by REDD+, which seeks to reduce the net emissions of greenhouse gases by rewarding the conservation of forests in developing countries. REDD+ requires that local inventories of forest are undertaken and payments are made on the basis of the amount of forest (and associated carbon storage). At the most basic level this involves classifying land into forest and non-forest. However, the critical issues affecting the uptake, buy-in and ultimately the success of REDD+ are the lack of universally agreed definition of forest to support REDD+ mapping activities, and where such a definition is imposed, the marginalization of local community voices and local landscape conceptualizations. This tension is at the heart of REDD+. This paper addresses these issues by linking methods to quantify changes in fuzzy land cover to the concept of data primitives, which have been previously proposed as a suitable approach to move between land cover classes with different semantics. These are applied to case study that quantifies the difference in areas for two definitions of forest derived from the GLC and FAO definitions of forest. The results show how data primitives allow divergent concepts of forest to be represented and mapped from the same data and how the fuzzy sets approach can be used to quantify the differences and non-intersections of different concepts of forest. Together these methods provide for transparent translations between alternative conceptualizations of forest, allowing for plural notions of forest to be mapped and quantified. In particular, they allow for moving from an object-based notion of forest (and land cover in general) to a field-based one, entirely avoiding the need for forest boundaries.

The choice of the name ‘The Theatre’ for the new purpose built structure in Shoreditch in 1576 was not an obvious one. This paper will speculate about why it was chosen, and what ideas and values that word would have communicated to its customers. I shall also very briefly glance at what we know of the basic structure of the building, and speculate about why that shape and not another was used. Possible links to early anatomy theatres will be suggested. How far the ideas contained in the structure and the name might have affected the reception of plays is worth at least some consideration, and I hope one day to develop the ideas of the paper into a fuller study of how early audiences watched as well as heard.

New achievements within structural and functional imaging of central nervous system offer a basis for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying many mental disorders. In everyday clinical practice, we encounter many difficulties in the therapy of eating disorders. They are caused by a complex psychopathological picture, varied grounds of the problems experienced by patients, often poor motivation for active participation in the treatment process, difficulties in communication between patients and therapeutic staff, and various biological conditions of eating disorders. In this paper, the latest reports on new concepts and methods of diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa have been analyzed. The selection of the analyzed publications was based on the criteria taking into account the time of publication, the size of research cohorts, as well as the experience of research teams in the field of nutritional disorders, confirmed by the number of works and their citations. The work aims to spread current information on anorexia nervosa neurobiology that would allow for determining the brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake, and consequently that may be a potential place where neurobiochemical processes responsible for eating disorders occur. In addition, using modern methods of structural imaging, the authors want to show some of the morphometric variations, particularly within white matter, occurring in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, as well as those evaluated with magnetoencephalography of processes associated with the neuronal processing of information related to food intake. For example as regards anorexia nervosa, it was possible to localize the areas associated with eating disorders and broaden our knowledge about the changes in these areas that cause and accompany the illness. The described in this paper research studies using diffusion MRI fiber tractography showed the presence of changes in the white matter pathways of the brain, especially in the corpus callosum, which indicate a reduced content of myelin. These changes probably reflect malnutrition, and directly represent the effect of lipid deficiency. This leads to a weakening of the structure, and even cell death. In addition, there are more and more reports that show the normal volume of brain cells in patients with long-term remission of anorexia. It was also shown that in patients in remission stage there are functional changes within the amygdala in response to a task not related symptomatologically with anorexia nervosa. The appearing in the scientific literature data stating that in patients with anorexia nervosa there is a reduced density of GFAP + cells of the hippocampus and increased expression of vimentin and nestin, is also worth noting.

This is a research paper on Public University Libraries (PULs) which are charged with the responsibility of providing the university community with information for the parent institutions’ core activities of teaching, learning, study and research. In carrying out this responsibility, PULs have to address issues of law as these relate to the provision of information services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the legal implications of providing information services in public university libraries in Kenya. The study applied the qualitative methodology but also used a limited application of quantitative approach with issues of statistical significance. Basing on a sample of 77 librarians from public universities libraries, data was collected and analyzed using the narrative method. The study established the actual and potential implications of laws that support information (UDHR, CK, FOI, IFLA and WSIS declarations) and those that put limits to information (Copyright law, penal code, Official Secrets Act). Although librarians were knowledgeable and had skills regarding their work, evidence from the study showed that they needed to extend their knowledge and understanding in the area of laws that have implications on the provision of information as a way of enhancing their work. In conclusion the paper notes that there is scope for librarians, using their wealth of knowledge and expertise, to seek interaction with policy makers and make relevant and useful contribution on law and information. These findings are significant in that they give general direction with regard to law and the provision of information services. The research highlights the importance for librarians to create links with policy makers in order to set up a relationship with mutual benefits.

The article is devoted to the study of comparison in modern women’s prose. The paper describes comparative constructions in Russian language. The authors research different approaches concerning this phenomena, and also specify the definition of term comparison according to the article’s objective. The examples of comparison on various grounds are thoroughly considered. This paper understands comparison as a syntactically divided language unit. It has comparative semantics and consists of an object, an image, and a basis for comparison. This unit is formalized by specific formal means expressing comparative meaning (lexical, derivative, morphological, and syntactic). The comparison is one of the figurative means of the language. They help to achieve a more complicated understanding of literature. The comparison is embodied through a variety of comparative constructions based on a logical model of comparison. The style of each author is reflected not only in the unique images of his comparisons, but also in their scope, construction, functioning. Comparisons can become one of the characteristic, recognizable features of a writer. The analysis of the artistic language of M.L. Stepnova shows she has a big variety of methods and techniques to express a comparison. The author uses zoonyms, anthroponyms, and phytonyms to bring out the comparison. The representatives of comparison are often people or objects, for example they may be proper names, the appearance of a person, nouns pointing to a person by a certain sign: social status, position held, profession, etc.

The paper addresses forms, paradigms, and trends characterizing the reception of American literature by Ukrainian academia over the past decades. The fateful socio-political shifts that transpired in early 1990s have radically changed both the mode and the nature of American literary studies in Ukraine. It is argued that after independence America’s diverse experiences in building workable relationships between an individual and the state informing its literature have been of special significance for Ukraine as potential models for a budding nation. This fact explains growing interest in American literature both for research and teaching purposes, as well as principal lines along which its study has proceeded. The paper looks at the institutional forms American literary studies have taken in Ukraine, major developments and seminal publications in the field, as well as current theoretical frameworks for approaching US literary phenomena

The paper presents the case of the pregnant woman discovered at the medieval necropolis of “Preko Slatine” in Omoljica, a village near Pančevo. The necropolis is dated to the period of the 12th-13th century AD. It deals with a woman aged 25-30 (probably around 28 years old) in the advanced stages of pregnancy, discovered in grave No. 13. This paper presents the possible conditions that led to the death of this woman, but also the problems faced by anthropologists when they attempt to resolve individual cases like this. In paleodemographic research, the mortality rate of pregnant woman is an important element of a population’s progress. Pregnant woman mortality is considered an adequate criterion for the social and sanitation conditions of a community and a sensitive indicator of health care and, sometimes, the skill level possessed by midwives or doctors. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 45005: Functional, functionalized and advanced nano materials, Grant no. 177007: Romanization, urbanization and transformation of urban centers of civil, military and residential character in Roman provinces on the territory of Serbia and Grant no. 177021: Urbanization processes and development of medieval society]

In this paper, I explore how Winckelmann, Riegl, Hamann, Spengler, and other authors regarded style as the characteristic form of the historical epochs or cultures they described. I argue that some of the key components of their Epochenstilgeschichte (e.g., the rejection of one continuing history and of the importance of historical reception, or the idea of radical ruptures between epochs and the emphasis on the conformities of the coexistent) can also be found in Foucault's The Order of Things. Resorting to his reception of Lamprecht, Spitzer, and Merleau-Ponty, I furthermore attempt to show how Foucault may have come in contact with the above-mentioned concepts, and how he uses them in his critique of the inherited philosophy of history. In this paper, I explore how Winckelmann, Riegl, Hamann, Spengler, and other authors regarded style as the characteristic form of the historical epochs or cultures they described. I argue that some of the key components of their Epochenstilgeschichte (e.g., the rejection of one continuing history and of the importance of historical reception, or the idea of radical ruptures between epochs and the emphasis on the conformities of the coexistent) can also be found in Foucault's The Order of Things. Resorting to his reception of Lamprecht, Spitzer, and Merleau-Ponty, I furthermore attempt to show how Foucault may have come in contact with the above-mentioned concepts, and how he uses them in his critique of the inherited philosophy of history.

Purpose Many researchers and practitioners suggest a contingent instead of a “one size fits all” approach in business process management (BPM). The purpose of this paper is to offer a contingency theory of BPM, which proposes contingency factors relevant to the successful management of business processes and that explains how and why these contingencies impact the relationships between process management and performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop the theory by drawing on organizational information processing theory (OIPT) and applying an information processing (IP) perspective to the process level. Findings The premise of the model is that the process management mechanisms such as documentation, standardization or monitoring must compensate for the uncertainty and equivocality of the nature of the process that has to be managed. In turn, managing through successful adaptation is a prerequisite for process performance. Research limitations/implications The theory provides a set of testable propositions that specify the relationship between process management mechanisms and process performance. The authors also discuss implications of the new theory for further theorizing and outline empirical research strategies that can be followed to enact, evaluate and extend the theory. Practical implications The theory developed in this paper allows an alternative way to describe organizational processes and supports the derivation of context-sensitive management approaches for process documentation, standardization, monitoring, execution and coordination. Originality/value The theoretical model is novel in that it provides a contextualized view on BPM that acknowledges different types of processes and suggests different mechanisms for managing these. The authors hope the paper serves as inspiration both for further theory development as well as to empirical studies that test, refute, support or otherwise augment the arguments.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the diffusion of the Internet on audience fragmentation in Germany. Fragmentation is defined in terms of a declining probability that an individual will find like-minded others who are concerned about the same issues as that individual. Accordingly, fragmentation increases if the number of issues the individual is concerned about (nominal issue diversity) declines and the entropy of issues at the level of society (issue entropy) increases. The paper provides a brief review of publications concerned with media, fragmentation, and issue entropy. It then picks up a recent study, which revealed no relevant changes in nominal issue diversity in Germany during the period of Internet diffusion. In a second step, survey data representative for the German population during the same time period is analyzed to test for an increase in issue entropy. The findings reveal a small but systematic trend of growing issue entropy. This trend could not be attributed to the diffusion of the Internet. First, it was not possible to do so because age groups that had different rates of Internet adoption demonstrated a lack of differences in issue entropy. Second, there are differences between the dynamics of issue entropy and the dynamics pertaining to the diffusion of the Internet as entropy decreased after 2000, whereas the diffusion of the Internet continued to increase rapidly. It is there- fore concluded that the diffusion of the Internet did not cause issue fragmentation during the sample period from 1994 to 2005.

The paper discusses a group of monumental crucifixes from the 13th-century East Adriatic and Italy, pained or executed in low relief, that display a verse inscriptions on the transverse limb of the cross. The main scope of the paper is to examine the provenance of the text inscribed in order to yield clearer insight into their function, use and original location in the church interiors. The paper specifically aims at analyzing three monumental crucifixes from the East-Adriatic city of Zadar which, although have already been the subject of a respectable number of studies, have not attracted attention as objects of devotion. My interest, therefore, is turned towards verse inscription as their distinctive feature and, as I shall argue, a key aspect in understanding their function. Examining the nature of the text displayed, iconography and materiality of these crucifixes, my main argument is to demonstrate how these objects provoked a multi-faced response from their audience, since were experienced by seeing, hearing and touching respectively.

Recent debate in human geography has challenged the problematic "alternative"/"conventional" duality that characterises contemporary food provision. Within this binary, alternative food networks and initiatives (AFIs and AFNs) are positioned in opposition to more conventional, agri-capitalist modes of food production and distribution. Framing food around materially, discursively and spatially distinct, albeit relational, geographies not only reinforces this binary but also reaffirms the hegemony of agri-capitalism that alternative provision seeks to undo. Focusing on examples of artisanal and industrial bread production in the UK and the USA, this paper challenges such ontological framings. Drawing from conceptual insights into diverse economies and alternative economic spaces (e.g. Gibson-Graham, 1996:2004; Lee and Leyshon, 2003) and adopting an integrative approach to practice (Shove and Pantzar, 2005; Hand and Shove, 2007), this paper examines the practices that constitute artisanal and industrial baking. Specifically, it focuses on the ways in which embodied practices constitute the spaces of production for such foods. While acknowledging the considerable distances between the geographies that circumscribe these alternative and conventional foods, this paper argues that practices of food production narrow these distances, thereby destabilising the alternative/conventional binary. The geographies of food may mobilise an array of places, materials and ideologies, which are suggestive of two opposing systems of food provision, but practices of food production reveal an array of marginal spaces that challenge this. By reorienting critical attention onto these marginal spaces, the differences between artisanal and conventional food become blurred – and the affinities produced through normalised discourses and materialities of food are contested, resisted and disrupted. I argue these spaces are insurgent and that they come together through affinitive practices, which result in the potential for radical change within food provision.

A group of university teachers have worked to organize and host an annual performance festival for 20 years. About a hundred students from several universities gather and perform a variety of oral activities every year. Students engage with everything from everyday events to long-standing global issues through drama, and thus this festival is a unique educational experience. Touching on the current status of EFL (English as Foreign Language) within Japanese Universities, this paper aims to discuss the significance of the festival through briefly describing some sample performances and their process of preparation. While the festival is not in any way competitive, both students and teachers attending are expected to provide some form of feedback to every performance viewed. Expressing themselves at the festival is especially meaningful in the context of EFL, where no immediate need to use the language in their daily life exists for the typical Japanese student. Additionally, participants are likely to gain a sense of achievement and confidence through the process and encouraging response at the festival. Finally, students learn to collaborate efficiently and build leadership skills. Challenges in terms of preparation and management of the festival are also discussed in this paper.

This paper takes up the increasingly popular topic of drones — including Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), small unmanned aerial Systems (sUAS), Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and a vast panoply of commercial drones and copters — to argue that our analysis should lie not so much on drones as objects, but as assemblages of the vertical. Drones, I argue, constitute a socio-technical assemblage of the sky and vertical space, which means that our focus should be not (only) on their technological development and capacities (although this is certainly important) but on their wider effects and affects. The latter of these include increasing algorithmic data collection and circulation. In the second part of the paper, I examine what I call "algorithmic governance" inspired by the recent governing algorithms conference at NYU but also drawing from Foucault's work on governmentality. Algorithmic governance constitutes "conduct of conduct" to modulate how "data shadows" or Deleuzian "dividuals" can be created, sold, and passed forward. My particular concern is how this takes place in a geographic register.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of an empirical analysis of the use of non-alphabetic graphic signs (e.g. asterisks, slashes, plus signs etc.) in the context of repairs in Russian and German informal electronic communication. The data for the analysis were taken from the “Mobile Communication Database MoCoDa” (https://www.uni-due.de/~hg0263/SMSDB), which contains Russian and German private electronic communication via SMS, WhatsApp and other short message services, and the “Dortmunder Chat-Korpus” (http://www.chatkorpus.tu-dortmund.de/korpora.html). This paper describes the functions of various graphic resources in the context of repairs in both data collections and compares the occurrences of these functions in current Russian and German computer-mediated communication. It concludes that particular signs in both data sets share the same subset of functions, but they differ in terms of how frequently these resources occur in each form of communication., Journal für Medienlinguistik, Bd. 1 Nr. 1 (2018)

This paper presents an architecture for Automated Valet Parking (AVP) connected to cloud-based IoT services and mobile user interfaces. The goal is to enable AVP services for automatic vehicles. From the user perspective, automatic car drop-off and pick-up are activated via smart phone application, and the user will be able to continuously monitor the vehicle status together with additional services as cleaning or recharge during the parking phase. Further, the IoT platform allows the integration of live services that will interact with automatic driving and parking. As an example, the presented AVP setup includes the operation of service drones to automatically guide a vehicle to the best parking spot. The demonstration in this paper comprises a parking car and a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) connected in real-time through the IoT platform as well as the smart phone application where the car is controlled and supervised.

Dialect in Upper Silesian Urban SpaceThe paper presents ways in which linguistic messages are stylized to the local dialect in the space of Upper Silesian towns. The multitude of examples is a testimony to fashion for Silesian-ness, a turn towards locality and opposition to globalization. The phenomenon is related to quest for identity and the state and status of Silesian speech. The author discusses the role of towns in sociolinguistic research, and the notion of linguistic landscape. The paper presents inscriptions observed in Upper Silesia: place names, product names, official messages, posters and billboards (including political and advertisement ones), exhibitions, inscriptions on walls and on clothes.

To assess digital patient briefing as an alternative to conventional paper documentation. 502 patients with a planned computed tomography (CT) examination were selected for digital patient briefing using the E-ConsentPro software from Thieme Compliance on an iPad by Apple (Cupertino, California, USA). For the analysis, three age groups were formed. The time required for the patient briefing, the number of open questions as well as the time needed for discussion with physicians were determined. Student's t-test was performed to assess statistical significance. There was no significant difference between patient age and briefing time which was about 20 minutes on average. The number of open or unclear questions increased with patient age. While patients younger than 30 years of age had about 2 open questions, patients over 30 and 60 years had about 4 and 5 questions, respectively. The total time needed for discussion with physicians was less than 2 minutes on average. A significant difference in the time required for discussion with physicians could not be observed between the individual age groups. Tablet-based digital briefing allows the storage of patient documents with reasonable time and effort. Furthermore, it minimizes the risk of data loss. · Tablet-based digital patient briefing in computed tomography can be performed with reasonable time and effort.. · The time required for tablet-based patient briefing is independent of patient age.. · The cost-benefit analysis presents a significant improvement in digital patient briefing compared to the paper-based process..· Alikhani B, Hensen B, Grosser A et al. Initial Experience with Digital Patient Briefing in Computed Tomography. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 540 - 546.ZIEL: Die Möglichkeit der digitalen Aufklärung von Patienten wurde im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts evaluiert. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden 502 konsekutive Patienten ausgewählt, die in der Computertomografie (CT) untersucht werden sollten. Die digitale Aufklärung erfolgte mit der Software E-ConsentPro der Firma Thieme Compliance auf einem iPad. Die Patienten wurden in 3 Altersgruppen unterteilt. Die Auswertung beschränkte sich auf die Ermittlung der Gesamtdauer der Patientenaufklärung, der offenen oder unklaren Fragen sowie des Zeitaufwands für ein Aufklärungsgespräch mit dem Arzt. Zur Prüfung von signifikanten Unterschieden wurde der t-Test durchgeführt. Unabhängig vom Alter bearbeiteten die Patienten den digitalen Aufklärungsbogen im Mittel ca. 20 Minuten. Die Anzahl der offenen oder unklaren, noch mit dem aufklärenden Arzt zu besprechenden Fragen nahm nicht signifikant mit dem Patientenalter zu. Während Patienten unter 30 Jahren vor dem Arztgespräch ca. 2 offene Fragen hatten, hatten Patienten über 60 Jahre ca. 5 offene Fragen. Patienten zwischen 30 und 60 Jahren hatten noch ca. 4 Fragen, die mit dem Arzt besprochen werden sollten. Die Gesamtdauer eines Aufklärungsgesprächs mit dem Arzt betrug im Mittel unter 2 Minuten. Signifikante Unterschiede im Zeitaufwand für das ärztliche Aufklärungsgespräch konnten zwischen den einzelnen Altersgruppen nicht festgestellt werden. Die Tablet-basierte digitale Aufklärung ermöglicht unabhängig vom Patientenalter und der Anzahl der offenen Fragen vor dem Arztgespräch eine mit vertretbarem Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand zu realisierende rechtssichere Ablage der Dokumente, bei der das Risiko des Datenverlusts durch die Logistik und Archivierung von Patientenunterlagen reduziert werden kann. · Die digitale, Tablet-basierte Patientenaufklärung kann mit vertretbarem Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand durchgeführt werden.. · Die Tablet-basierte Aufklärungsdauer ist vom Alter der Patienten unabhängig.. · Die digitale Aufklärung leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsabläufe in der Radiologie..· Alikhani B, Hensen B, Grosser A et al. Initial Experience with Digital Patient Briefing in Computed Tomography. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 540 – 546.

This paper sheds light on the role of visualization methods within the design thinking process. It provides a conceptual framework showing illustrative examples of visualization for each phase indicating its functions and benefits. Based on a thorough understanding of the functions and benefits of knowledge visualization in general, this paper seeks to provide a first overview of the use of visualization in design thinking informing and supporting practitioners and researcher for more conscious selections of visualization methods in their design thinking efforts.

Der Beitrag stellt die Idee des postheroischen Managements im Kontext der Entwicklung organischer anstelle mechanischer Managementsysteme sowie der digitalen Transformation der modernen Buchdruckgesellschaft in eine „nächste“ Computergesellschaft vor und skizziert die Idee einer agilen Produktentwicklung in heterarchischen Netzwerkstrukturen organisationalen Handelns The paper discusses ideas of post-heroic management in the double context of a development of organic instead of mechanic management systems and a digital transformation of modern printing press society into a “next” computer society. The paper then looks into the idea of agile product development within heterarchic network structures of organisational action.

In this paper we focus on the comparative analysis between Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and its modern version, Anouilh’s Romeo and Jeannette . Anouilh is a representative of modern playwrights who evoke Shakespeare in their argument that a number of structures in our society are enemies of the authentic individual. What they adopt from Shakespeare is the capacity of man to relate with the world in a loving way. We argue that Anouilh’s Romeo and Jeannette fits the template of Shakespeare’s Tragic Equation – the mythical pattern present in all of the Bard’s works, the tragedy of the Lover devoid of love. These works evoke Shakespeare’s warning: that modern society is not conducive of love. On the contrary, the system is based on the suppression of genuine human affection; its re-emergence would subvert the dominant power-relations. In the introduction, we attempt to define the notion of romantic love by referring to the works of Bloom, Illouz, Vyvyan, etc. The following two segments of the paper deal with the analysis of the romantic relationship in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and its modern evocations in the work of Anouilh. In the conclusion, the destructive tendencies of the (modern) patriarchal society are yet again highlighted and linked to Shakespeare’s warning and desire to make his audience and readers perceive, judge and finally condemn them.

There are some significant differences between the health systems in German speaking Europe and Sweden: In Sweden, the number of hospitals is small, caregiving services in the hospital and ambulatory sector are integrated, health professionals with university degrees are granted extended competencies and rights incl. first line consultation and limited prescription. Education is designed to prepare for these functions and responsibilities. It started more than 30 years ago when Linköping implemented the OECD-model of Health Universities. Interprofessional teaching, common learning of the various tracks and training on real patients are constitutive elements of this novel approach. Karolinska University in Stockholm adopted the model in 1998 and gave way to a nationwide reform. A recommendation of the German Science Council regarding training of health professionals, published 2012, drew the attention of educators to this approach. The paper explains the circumstances of the consolidation of this concept. It is important to realize that overarching governance principles and measures deriving from health and education policy are of crucial importance. They evolve from evaluations of needs carried out by the regional health agencies which lead to conditional mandates and financial incentives to the education sector. Moreover, decisions taken by the national board for accreditation and quality assurance take also in account the goals set and the outcomes in education and caregiving. Outside Sweden they would be considered an inappropriate limitation of academic freedom.The paper ends with a reflection of impressions collected during a study trip and shows some lessons to be learnt from the Swedish education and practice.

The role of parents-in-law according to Erik Erikson’s theory, has been analyzed in this paper. Erikson claims that a man develops throughout his whole life, solving subsequently appearing crises. The proper solution of these crises enables the achievement of integration. The results of research, carried out by Menelaos Apostolou, regarding the influence of parents on the choice of a son or daughter-in-law have been presented in this paper. These results show that the marital choices of offspring most often lack their parents’ approval, and they often also lead parents to use manipulation techniques. Such regularity is often the basis of difficult spouse-parent-in-law relationships. The role of parents-in-law takes place in the period of middle adulthood in which an individual faces the productivity-stagnation process. It has been assumed that the role of parents-in-law is embedded in this crisis. According to Erikson, the crisis in the period of middle adulthood, as well as in any other period, is the friction of two opposing pursuits: progression and regression, where in case of middle adulthood, the progression stage is called productivity and regression – stagnation. Moreover, social and individual factors (including biological and psychological levels) activating regressive and progressive states in parents-in-law have been submitted for analysis. It is stressed, in this paper, that the parents’ virtue, which is care, is not limited only and exclusively to their own biological offspring – the process of upbringing should also include a broad understanding of the notion of providing welfare to future generations.

This paper provides a detailed system theoretical model of a plenoptic camera with the aim to provide in-depth understanding of the plenoptic data recording concept and its effects. Plenoptic cameras, also known as light field cameras, were firstly thought of in the beginning of the 20th century and became recently possible thanks to rapid development of processing hardware and the increase of camera sensor resolution. Despite being a new type of sensor, they are operated in the same way as conventional cameras, but offer several advantages. A plenoptic camera consists of a main lens and a lenslet array (microlens array) right in front of the detector. The microlens array causes not only the recording of the incident location of a light ray on the sensor, as it is done by a conventional camera, but also the incident direction. Such a record can be represented by a 4-D data set known as the light field. In fact, by inserting a microlens array any conventional camera can be transformed into a plenoptic camera. The plenoptic recording concept and the 4-D light field provide multiple advantages over conventional cameras. For example, a single recorded light field allows first, to reconstruct novel views with small changes in viewpoint, second, to create a depth map, and third, to refocus images after the data capture. Hence, the process of focusing is shifted from hardware to software. Last, but not least, plenoptic cameras allow an extended depth of field in comparison to a conventional camera and the use of a bigger camera aperture. Most of the mentioned advantages become particularly effective at close-range to an object. The German Aerospace Center performs research on plenoptic cameras for close-range imaging in space. Possible applications are for example robot vision with plenoptic cameras for robotic arm operations during on-orbit servicing missions or the use of plenoptic cameras on rovers in the course of exploration missions to other planets. Those application scenarios and the demanding conditions in space require thorough comprehension of plenoptic cameras. For this purpose, this paper shall provide a detailed model of plenoptic cameras, which allows to derive camera parameters and optimize them with particular attention to the user requirements and to generate synthetic data. The latter can be utilized to assess the evaluation algorithms, which are not mentioned in detail in this paper. The modeling of the plenoptic camera is mainly based on the theory of geometric optics expanded by elements of diffraction optics.

The main purpose of this paper is to present the modern model of integrated corporate communication. Beside this, the authors will describe the changes occurring in the corporate environment and importance of changing the model of corporate communication. This paper also discusses the importance of implementation of the suggested model, the use of new media and effects of these changes on corporations. The approach used in this paper is the literature review. The authors explore the importance of implementation of the suggested model and the new media in corporate communication, both internal and external, addressing all the stakeholders and communication contents. The paper recommends implementation of a modern model of integrated corporate communication as a response to constant development of the new media and generation changes taking place. Practical implications: the modern model of integrated corporate communication can be used as an upgrade of the conventional communication models. This modern model empowers companies to sustain and build up the existing relationships with stakeholders, and to find out and create new relationships with stakeholders who were previously inaccessible and invisible.

The paper presents a reading of "celestinesque literature" - texts surrounding Fernando de Rojas’ famous novel 'La Celestina' (1499) - in view of the question, to what extent the term "marranism" may serve as a philological rather than a biographical category. Dealing with Stephen Gilman’s exemplary studies, the paper shows how Rojas’ text subverts some of the most important metaphorical structures used by philologists to represent "marranism" and to read "marrano literature." Celestinesque novels, on the other hand, develop their own notion of "philology:" the "love" that they narrate also reflects the "desire of the logos" that works throughout their language.