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Abstract Objective The present study aimed to adapt the Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire and analyze its psychometric properties for the Brazilian population. Method The adaptation was conducted in six stages: translation, synthesis, back translation, expert analysis, evaluation by the target population, and a pilot study. A total of 441 adults (M = 35.36; SD = 11.08 years) were interviewed, with 301 classified as healthy, 105 as having anxiety, and 35 as having depression. Results The Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire results demonstrated evidence of content validity, exhibiting high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.975 and McDonald’s omega = 0.976). Moreover, the questionnaire showed evidence of criterion validity by effectively distinguishing between groups with and without anxiety (F(2.438) = 22.647; p < 0.01), as well as convergent validity with the structured clinical interview for DSM-5 (ρ = 0.70, p < 0.01), and correlations with anxiety (ρ = 0.62, p < 0.01), depression (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.01), and stress (ρ = 0.70, p < 0.01) scores from another instrument. Conclusion The Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire is valid and reliable for use by healthcare professionals in the Brazilian population.

In 1961, the Eichmann trial opened in Jerusalem, and its worldwide resonance through media coverage questioned the collective conscience about responsibility for Nazi crimes. German philosopher Hannah Arendt attended the process as a special correspondent for the U.S. magazine The New Yorker. Her Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (1963) caused a great scandal: the author advanced the brazen idea of collective co-responsibility for Nazi crimes, reporting the identikit of a standard bureaucrat, a seemingly ordinary man, just like any one of us. Almost sixty years after its publication, this study adopts a primarily psycho(patho)logical perspective to reflect once again on the considerations Arendt shared in the Banality of Evil. In showing the multiple facets of banality, the research investigates recent results in the analysis of the criminal mind in order to shed light on the etiology of evil.

Without an active principle, the placebo or nocebo -from the Latin "I would please"- causes a beneficial or harmful effect through psychological, psychopathological, and psychophysiological mechanisms. Numerous American, Canadian, and European studies over the last twenty years have revived the question of placebo and its effects, particularly in the field of analgesia. Research has also shown that when the subject knows that he or she is being given a placebo, the effects continue to work, thus demonstrating that incorporation, introjection, and relationship are decisive in the therapeutic effect. The relationship between doctor and patient is necessary for its own curative virtues, like any other therapeutic lever. This is exactly what the placebo and its effects show us, which should rightly be taught as any other tool and therapeutic lever in a pain clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of pathological gambling is an area of interest for psychopathology, around which more and more research is developing worldwide, given the rise of the phenomenon both in the real environment, as well as in the virtual one - with an expected annual increase of 10.1%.2 This study aimed to assess the incidence of anxiety in correlation with the severity of addiction on a group of 115 people in Romania.

Psychotherapies are the "armed arm" of psychopathology, that is to say what structures an action to evaluate and intervene with a person in suffering. If four large families are well known (psychoanalysis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, systemic therapy, humanistic and existential approach), there are dozens of other more confidential practices, simply less ancient, or less studied. These psychotherapies say something about the socio-cultural environment in which they were born, while at the same time evolving with it. It is this "shifting structure" that we look at in this article. From the ambiguities inherent to the very nature of psychotherapy, to the current modifications around processes such as trance. These ambiguities and the issues they raise impose a little more evaluation of the practices which do not only concern the researchers, but also any psychotherapist who wants to correctly carry out the mandate that his patient entrusts to him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological assessment is essential before spinal cord stimulation and is a requirement of the French recommendations. The "Neuromodulation and Psychology" working group, which is part of the professional commission of psychologists of the French Society for the Study and Treatment of Pain, has carried out a literature review. He proposes a several recommendations concerning the psychological and psychopathological aspects of implanted neurostimulation with a three-stage approach: pre-implantation, after the trial phase and before the final implantation, and postimplantation. It also endeavored to propose specific clinical interview methods to grasp the representation of the equipment, the implantation, the body image, the bodily experience of pain, the functions of pain in the patient's psychic economy, the perceptions of the technique by the relatives, the impact of relief, possible cognitive disorders, the personality, thymic disorders, and personal and family history. The recommendations in this article intend to give reference points for psychological and psychopathological assessment and to promote more appropriate studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, public health policies in psychiatry aim to social inclusion and the implementation of projects for patients suffering from psychotic disorders. The possibility to enroll in projects depends on the ability to invest in psychic temporality. Investing chronometric time, can be related to a subjective and affected representation of time. Nevertheless, in psychotic patients, binding abilities appear particularly undermined by the processes of unbinding. Thus, we wonder about the nature of the investment of time in these patients. We first offer an overview of the psychoanalytic and psychiatric literature on the concept of psychic temporality. The literature shows that while some inhibited patients have a frozen representation of time, other patients invest a confused or disorganized representation of temporality. In order to illustrate our point, we study the investment of temporality in the Rorschach protocol and TAT of Elise, a schizophrenic patient. The use of primary processes seems to allow her to invest a dynamic and lively temporality. On the one hand, they organize a rhythmicity between the organization and the disorganization of thought. On the other hand, they allow her to alternate between a the past, linked to melancholic affects, and the future, marked by manic movements. Finally, the primary processes seem to have allowed the inscription in memory of a delusional idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 10 years, psychiatry, psychology and artificial intelligence (AI) have opened a fruitful dialogue. In the field of social interactions and social signal processing, many multidisciplinary works have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of certain psychological phenomena and to the progress of human-machine interfaces. They allow the computational consideration of the dyadic dimension, the possibility to take into account the multimodal nature of turn taking and the development of specific tools to accurately and automatically extract the social signals of partners. We propose here a brief survey of our work illustrating the interest of not only associating AI and psychopathology to explore certain specific contexts (effect of oxytocin, early maternal neglect, developmental robotics) and certain psychopathologies (autism, borderline states) but also to design therapeutic applications such as serious games or intelligent companion robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed to verify the mean difference of the 24 character strengths considering the level of each character strength in relation to the Dark Triad of personality. A total of 284 people participated in the study, responding to the Character Strength Scale and to the Short Dark Triad. Among them, 71.5% were female, with a mean age of 29.06 years (SD = 9.73). For Machiavellianism and psychopathy, specific strengths are characterized by their underuse, while for narcissism, apart from modesty, character strengths are overused. Accordingly, we conclude that the underuse and overuse of character strengths can result in negative outcomes in addition to the socially valued positive aspects.

Defining fatigue is difficult even though it is one of the most frequent symptoms of consultation in adults. In pain clinics, it has even become one of the primary reasons for consultation. From "normal" to "pathological" fatigue, from the symptoms of numerous medical and/or psychopathological entities to chronic fatigue syndrome, how can we think about fatigue in the pain clinic? Talking about fatigue also means talking about the "fatigue" complaints, especially since, over the years, fatigue has become a common marker for the somatic, the psychic, and the social. Thus, fatigue speaks to us of resistance and desire in the face of an environment that is difficult to understand, where everything is accelerating at a time when we are struggling to find representations to think and live in today's world. Just as in the pain clinic, it is no doubt advisable to stop trying to separate real fatigue from false fatigue, what belongs to the body itself from what belongs to the imaginary body, in order to apprehend the realities of the subject and to allow efficient clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of analysis is new opportunities in the study of self-awareness, which became possible through the use of an interdisciplinary approach. This approach allows to solve number of conceptual and methodological problems in psychology and psychiatry. The general development of psychiatry in the 20th and early 21st centuries was to improve diagnosis and therapy based on objectively measured indicators. There is a very superficial development of the phenomenology of self-awareness disorders as a result. The interdisciplinary point of view may be the beginning of new theoretical studies of self-awareness in philosophy, as well as provoke pragmatic conclusions for psychological and psychiatric science. Authors claim that the delimitation of the methodological tools of various sciences in the study of self-awareness is unnecessary in principle. interdisciplinary view should be formed by philosophers. The phenomenology of Karl Jaspers and his concept of self-awareness in this sense are heuristically attractive. The authors propose a working model of self-awareness, based on the phenomenological approach of Jaspers, on the ideas of his followers, and also abandoning the disciplinary view of the subject. In this model self-awareness is described through its specific functions. That may be pragmatically useful for mental health professionals: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists and it may be interesting to philosophers using phenomenological analysis.

The educational escape game integrates the codes of serious games into the development of nursing students' skills. Used within the framework of the psychopathological processes teaching unit, this method enables learners to appropriate their knowledge, thanks to the development of pedagogical objectives that blend with the mechanics of the game. The escape game is appreciated by students and encourages their commitment to the course., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

By way of an "argumentative" introduction to this dossier on "psychomotor practices in child and adolescent psychiatry", it seemed essential to us to present the psychomotor paradigm and its value in the field of child psychiatry as well as current psychopathology. The stakes of the psychomotor identity "corporatist" (historical and epistemological), of the psychomotor knotting (during life and between body and psyche), of the singularity of the psychomotor development and of the complex model which it proposes, of diversity finally and of the specificity of psychomotor therapies and number of bodily mediated praxis available to mental health teams and prescribing child psychiatrists. These few reminders demonstrating the value of this psychomotor issue in child psychiatry? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This article aims to understand the hyperphagic experience in the obesity of patients in the French and Brazilian contexts. Using the critical phenomenological method, twenty subjects were interviewed in health services in Paris and in Fortaleza. We note an objectification and expropriation of the body often experienced in the hyperphagic experience in obesity. We highlight the emphasis on health in the French context and on form and aesthetics in the Brazilian context. In Fortaleza, there seems to be a more evidenced discrimination in relation to obesity and a pathological discourse, whereas in Paris this pathologization is viewed from a critical position regarding the treatments. We conclude that the hyperphagic experience in obesity reveals a subject who is often lost in his/her way of being and having a body, and that clinical work must involve the re-appropriation of this body and the recovery of the condition of the autonomous subject.

For several decades, hyperactivity and attention disorders in children, has been the subject of unfortunate controversy. Whatever the possible genetic predispositions and other neural, biological and cognitive factors to take into account when looking at the origin of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) we cannot ignore the quest to find a meaning in the symptoms in relation to the mental functioning of the young patient and his or her family and social environment. This quest also puts the disorder back within the history of the subject, what he or she has experienced subjectively. But the establishment of contact with such patients and the therapeutic choices depend on the practitioner's training as well as his or her conscious and unconscious prejudices and possible conflicts of interest. A truly scientific approach calls for undogmatic therapeutic indications, which do not rule out either treatment by medication or by individual or family therapies, or institutional care if necessary, with a view to an individually adapted complementarity, unique to each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Like any medication, ketamine has a sensory and psychic impact on any subject. What do patients under ketamine experience and report to us about their sensations and more generally about their sensoriality under ketamine? The aim of this article is to question what happens to our patients who consume ketamine in the management of chronic pain and to put it into perspective with the psychopathological clinic for trauma and chronic pain. We need to ask ourselves what function the demand for ketamine has for the patient and what function the proposal of such a treatment has for the prescriber when it runs the risk of freezing the work of appropriating a body that is alive and capable of acting on the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatrist Daniel Zagury discusses his journey, his joys, his disappointments, his questions in this interview for Perspectives Psy. This meeting is the opportunity to come back more extensively to the perspective that this great clinician has on psychiatry, its development and on his passion for this discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents the impact of the periods of lockdown and the lifting of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic on the symptomatology of an obsessional patient having received several years of psychoanalytic therapy. The paradoxical improvement under the constraints of lockdown is highlighted. The resumption of the therapeutic process after several months of lockdown during which it was carried on remotely for an indefinite period, allowed for existential and liberating issues to be addressed. The gradual recovery of the patient from the disorders linked to his twinhood is finally a possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a rereading of the "Rat Man" (Freud, 1915), to provide the clinician with a deeper understanding of the symptomatology of obsessional neurosis. Nowadays, obsessional neurosis has been set aside as a diagnostic and nosographic category, overshadowed by attention to personality disorders, borderline states, narcissistic perversion and, especially, psychopathology that is understood from the point of view of the DSM. However, it is nevertheless very present in our clinical practice. Its tortuous and complex symptomatology, with its infernal alternation between contradictory impulses, rumination, obsessions, omnipresent doubt, undoing, and the inability to reach a compromise can be confusing to the therapist. In their relentless attempt to reconcile the irreconcilable, these patients may quickly lose the clinician in the maze of their defences. By retracing the complex and sometimes opaque twists and turns of the Rat Man case history step by step, this article seeks to help the clinician grappling with transference, associations, and symptoms that are both typical and confusing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dominic Interactive for Adolescents-Revised (DIA-R) is a multimedia self-report screen for depression, several other internalizing or externalizing problems, borderline personality traits, and suicidality. The comorbidity between different mental health problems can also be verified. The DIA-R evaluates symptoms or criteria defined by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM-5). This article aims to present the content, the reliability, the validity and the utility of the DIA-R in a prevention perspective. Psychometric properties were examined in a study including 447 Frenchand English-speaking adolescents aged 12 to 15 years recruited from schools and clinical settings in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). Reliability coefficients (internal consistency, test-retest reliability) were excellent or moderate. The analysis of criterion validity clearly demonstrated the ability of the DIA-R to predict depression, suicidality or other psychopathological conditions assessed by measures used as external validation criteria. The identification of depression, suicidality or other forms of psychopathology, at the beginning of adolescence, remains a major challenge for clinicians and researchers. The DIA-R could be useful in the continuum of youth mental services (schools, youth centres, psychiatric clinics) to propose appropriate interventions and contribute to prevent the aggravation of mental health problems and ultimately completed suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the label psychiatry of the elderly is now set by the title of the option on the interns' training path, its identity is still disputed, with variable geometry and recognition. Hence the interest in questioning the paths leading to its autonomy, in making a critical historical analysis of it and in delimiting its areas of influence. To whom is it intended, who are the actors and what are its missions? The notion of identity makes it possible to outline psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care for the elderly by taking into account the psychic reality of the patient but also his institutional and social representations. The quality of care depends on the resources provided by a mental health policy in which the integration of ageing, mental handicap and dependence has not yet been achieved. The future of this subspecialty also depends on scientific, trade union and political orientations that go beyond an operational consensus in order to draw up an identity-based strategy of rupture and refounding. Its challenge is to have its originality and necessity recognized, to develop its professional attractiveness and to respond to the psychological and psychiatric care needs of a growing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, as in other countries, more and more women are affected by alcoholism. Progress needs to be made in the early detection and management of their physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, as well as their psychopathological comorbidities., (Copyright © 2023. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The author highlights the vital contributions of adolescent sexuality, recalls the dangers of its repression as the risk of such excess to pay the subject in the perverts confinement and destructiveness rather than promoting personal creativity the game.: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The borderline pathology is considered as organized around the psychotraumatisme. Indeed, next to recent traumatic factors in the history of these teenagers, the semiology is most of the time post-traumatic since the childhood, like a continuity of the relational and identity instability at the parents. The hypothesis of a traumatic complex reports this transgenerational construction of the borderline functioning, also the link with the traumatic recurrences. She describes how the psychotraumatisme is always inside the thought, powerfully activated in the puberty by the sexual maturing which is going to cause the most exteriorized clinical signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé But de l’étude Depuis plus de deux ans, les équipes de la Maison des adolescents et du service de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg sont confrontées à la problématique de la radicalisation. Cet article a pour objectif de préciser les vulnérabilités psychiques préexistantes, ainsi que les mécanismes psychopathologiques à l’œuvre dans le processus de radicalisation. Méthodes et patients Nous nous appuyons sur le matériel clinique issu d’entretiens pédopsychiatriques individuels ou familiaux auprès de 25 adolescents radicalisés ou à risque de radicalisation. Résultats Nos observations cliniques confortent l’idée que l’engagement radical peut initialement être un moyen d’apaisement d’une souffrance psychique. Ainsi, au-delà de la collusion entre le processus adolescent et une offre radicale, nous avons repéré des fragilités dépressives et narcissiques, mais également des symptomatologies conversives et post-traumatiques et des troubles psychotiques. Les facteurs de risques sont divers, tant au niveau des dynamiques familiales qu’au niveau individuel (antécédents psychotraumatiques, trouble déficitaire de l’attention, épisode dépressif…). La réactivation traumatique et l’utilisation des mécanismes défensifs projectifs par les recruteurs permettent d’expliquer l’activation de mécanismes paranoïaques, pouvant aboutir à des passages à l’acte chez certains adolescents. Conclusion La multiplicité des facteurs de vulnérabilité, ainsi que la complexité des mécanismes psychopathologiques en jeu aux différents stades de la radicalisation, justifieraient une évaluation pédopsychiatrique. Davantage de recherches sur l’ensemble des vulnérabilités et sur les mécanismes psychopathologiques en jeu, ainsi que sur l’efficacité des accompagnements thérapeutiques sont nécessaires. Background For over two years, in Strasbourg (France) the teams of the University Department for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and from the “Maison des adolescents” have been facing the issue of radicalization in their daily work. The aim of this paper is to specify the psychological vulnerabilities and the psychopathological mechanisms underlying indoctrination processes in today's teenagers. Methods We used clinical observations of about twenty-five long-term follow-ups of adolescents who were already radicalized or supposedly at risk of radicalization. All underwent individual or familial therapy with child and adolescent psychiatrists between December 2014 and November 2016 in Strasbourg, either at the University Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry or at the “Maison des adolescents”, which is a primary care center for any adolescent issues. Results Our analyses support the hypothesis that radical engagement often soothes at first a preexisting psychological distress. The radicalization is more than a sociopolitical issue and more than the encounter of the adolescence process with a radical offer. Hence, in our group of adolescents, we have observed psychotic disorders, conversive and posttraumatic stress disorders and mainly depressive and narcissistic vulnerabilities. Our work reveals a variety of risk factors that are related to either family dynamics (fragility of inner family relationships, dysfunction of parental figures, parental depression or personality disorder…), or to individual fragilities (traumatic events during childhood, undiagnosed ADHD, depression, conduct disorder, etc.). Struggling against melancholic threats, the initial relief caused by the radicalization frequently contains paranoid mechanisms, which may lead to a violent acting out for some of these adolescents. Conclusion The majority of radicalization processes in adolescence, understood as a new symptom in teenagers, justify a psychiatric evaluation including a broad assessment of childhood psychological vulnerabilities, in order to design a targeted personalized care program. More studies are required in order to further characterize the personal and parental vulnerabilities and underlying psychopathological mechanisms of radicalization processes in adolescence and to evaluate the efficiency of targeted care programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from phenomenological psychopathology, in particular from studies on the "delusional atmosphere" (Wahnstimmung) by K. Schneider and B. Callieri, and from Husserl's phenomenology, the author discusses the difficulty of change in psychotherapy due to the need of patient to find himself again in his own world. This condition can hinder a change in the world view, while a particular experience intervenes, comparable with "the end of the world experience" (Weltuntergangserlebins) and comparable to that of psychotic onset, however reversing the terms. The psychotherapeutic change for phenomenological studies occurs when the type of meeting (Begegnung) is realized, which, taking into account the experience and the vision of the other's world, manages to stem the experience of anxiety for the change that one intends to start. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We would like to use this article to reconsider some of the work issues involved in psychotic disorders, paying particular attention to the question of the benefits of work. Our first task will be to examine the critical role which may be played by the carrying out of a professional activity in stimulating the process of "everydayness ", which is often impaired in psychotic disorders. We will also be reconsidering other potential benefits of work, especially its role as mediator on an interpersonal level as well as its function as an anchor to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author proposes in this paper to question the impact on personality of the main evolutions of social organization during the last centuries. Starting from the postulate that the social organization determines the structure of the subjectivity, the author underlines, according to the work of Marcel Gauchet, the gradual transition from a "traditional personality", immersed in the community, to a "contemporary personality" who ignores his inscription in the community. This lack of enrollment in the community could determine the emergence of some kind of psychiatric disorders (identity disorders, borderline states, depression, behavioral disorders in children), related to the greatest narcissistic vulnerability of subjects, more delivered to themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif La détection et la prise en charge socio-judiciaire et psychothérapeutique des victimes de violences conjugales s’avèrent être au quotidien une action difficile tant pour les victimes que pour les intervenants. Nous avons analysé un protocole d’action original qui prend en charge les cas des victimes se signalant tout en refusant de déposer plainte. Via ce protocole des premiers signalements, nous avons cherché à déterminer des typologies tant des victimes que des auteurs et des moyens d’accès à ces publics vulnérables. Méthode et Matériel Notre recherche est effectuée avec la collaboration du service d’aide aux victimes et la gendarmerie du département d’Indre-et-Loire (37). À partir des 34 questionnaires-victimes issues du protocole et des échanges réalisées entre les victimes et les institutions, nous avons réalisé des analyses quantitatives (i) et qualitatives (ii). (i) Nos analyses statistiques fréquentielles interrogent tant le portrait générique des victimes et des auteurs que le portrait typologique des victimisations auxquelles ces victimes sont confrontées (aspects de socio-démographie, de vulnérabilité, de mode opératoire, et d’emprise physique, psychique et sociale). (ii) Nos résultats qualitatifs approfondissent l’approche quantitative issue des questionnaires en les joignant aux constats du gendarme référent et aux entretiens réalisés avec l’ADAVIP37. À travers l’étude des discours des victimes, nous présentons six dimensions victimologiques au sein des premiers signalements. Résultats Nos analyses quantitatives établissent plusieurs typologies (de victimes, d’auteurs et de victimisations). D’un point de vue victimologique, les victimes sont essentiellement des femmes, mères, de 35 à 44 ans, vivant avec leur partenaire au moment des faits. Elles déclarent subir des violences verbales associées à d’autres formes de violence (psychologiques, économiques, physiques, sexuelles), tout en estimant ne pas être vulnérables, et sans recours à un soutien médical, social, civil ou judiciaire. Les analyses qualitatives élaborent six dimensions victimologiques relevant de problématiques spécifiques. Les trois dimensions victimologiques perceptibles par les services d’accompagnement présentent les vignettes cliniques d’un cas prototypique de femme violentée, ne signalant que des gifles et refusant toute action (i), d’un cas d’emprise psychologique refusant la plainte mais envisageant la séparation (ii), et d’un cas de victimisations multiples subies pendant et après la séparation et désirant porter plainte (iii). Ces trois cas illustrent des profils de victimes au sein du long parcours menant à la plainte judiciaire. Les trois dimensions victimologiques davantage problématiques pour l’intervenant concernent un cas de légitimation des violences par la victime et refusant donc toute poursuite du conjoint (i), d’un cas particulier du genre et d’une victime masculine (ii), et d’un cas de révélation des victimisations sexuelles après un second signalement (iii). Conclusion Ayant affaire à un public vulnérable réticent à signaler les faits, les acteurs de terrain trouveront dans nos analyses des indicateurs pour faciliter la détection et la prise en charge des premiers signalements de violence conjugale. Objective The detection and socio-judicial or psychotherapeutic care for victims of domestic violence appears to be a difficult daily work for both victims and professionals. We analyzed an experimental protocol that presents the case of victims reporting first but refusing afterwards to file a complaint. Via the records of the first reports, we sought to determine the types of the demand of both victims and perpetrators and to find out how to help these vulnerable groups. Method and Materials Our research is conducted in collaboration with the service for victims and the police in the French department Indre and Loire. The 34 questionnaires submitted to the victims of the protocol and the different interviews with victims and institutions have been analyzed with quantitative (i) and qualitative clinical (ii) methods. (i) The statistical frequency analysis questions the generic portrait of victims and perpetrators on the one hand and the typological portrait of victimization process that these victims face (aspects of socio-demographic vulnerability process and physical, psychological and social influence) on the other. (ii) The qualitative results deepen the quantitative approach based on questionnaires by referring to the findings of the police and interviews with ADAVIP37. A discourse analysis allowed differentiation of six dimensions of victimization within the first reports. Results Quantitative statistical analyzes establish several types (of victims, perpetrators and victimization). From a typological point of view, victims are mostly mothers or women, 35 to 44 years old, living with their partner at the time. They report having experienced verbal abuse associated with other forms of violence (psychological, economic, physical, sexual), but felt not to be vulnerable and had no recourse to medical, social, civil or judicial help. The qualitative analyzes develop six dimensions with specific issues. The three portraits of victims perceived by the support services are clinical vignettes of a prototypical case of battered woman, reporting only slaps and refusing any action (i), a case of psychological hold denying the complaint but considering separation (ii), and a case of multiple victimization suffered during and after separation and wishing complaint (iii). These three cases illustrate profiles of victims in the long path leading to the legal complaint. Three other dimensions are more problematic for the intervener and concern: a case of legitimized violence by the victim who refuses than any further spouse (i), a particular gender case with an example of a male victim (ii), and a case of sexual victimization revealed only in a second time or report (iii). Conclusion Confronted with a vulnerable public who hesitates to report suffered violence, professionals will find in these analyses some indicators to facilitate the detection and adapt the treatment after the first reports of domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epistemology in psychopathology has evolved and consisted into currents, supported by more or less specific notions and engaging different approaches, according to three theoretical principles. These three principles are: the etiological principle, the clinical principle and the holistic principle, that, by combining their different criteria, would result in quite various psychopathological currents. Among these currents there are: biological psychiatry, characterology, psychoanalysis, clinical psychology, family psychoanalysis, systemic family therapy, clinical family characterology, cultural psychopathology and contextual psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Cet article vise à explorer les enjeux qui sous-tendent la pédopornographie en ligne et le fonctionnement psychique de ces sujets « téléchargeurs », comme ils sont communément dénommés. Qu’est-ce qui pousse certains à visionner des images sans jamais passer à l’acte alors que d’autres vont avoir un usage mixte ou que d’autres vont directement agresser des enfants sans passer par des visionnages d’images ou vidéos ? C’est une question essentielle tant sur le plan de la prévention que de la prise en charge des personnes présentant un trouble pédophilique. Patients et méthode Dans une perspective exploratoire, nous avons choisi de présenter le cadre juridique, historique et psychopathologique en lien avec le téléchargement de matériel pédopornographique. Les récits cliniques de patients, téléchargeurs de matériel pédopornographique, donnent des premières pistes de réflexion sur les enjeux sous-jacents à cette pratique. Résultats Les données cliniques rendent compte de l’importance de la dimension groupale de cette pratique. Ces liens, sans avoir d’influence univoque, vont probablement avoir un impact sur le sujet qui brise sa solitude et échange avec des personnes « comme (lui) ». Le sujet est aussi confronté à des images aux contenus variés qui se rapprochent ou pas de ses fantasmes. Les images-scènes proposées peuvent devenir un support pour fantasmer, notamment dans le cadre d’un défaut de fantasmatisation où l’accrochage à l’image va servir de support. Pour d’autres téléchargeurs, l’image va être prise comme porteuse d’une vérité : les enfants peuvent consentir à avoir des actes sexuels avec des adultes. Conclusions Pratiquer ainsi le visionnage de matériel pédopornographique n’est pas un garant de non-passage à l’acte directement auprès d’enfant, ni de son contraire. En effet, trop de facteurs entrent en compte et la complexité rend, comme souvent, cette prise de position binaire peu pertinente. Objectives This article aims to explore the issues that underlie online child pornography and the psychic functioning of these “downloader” topics as they are commonly referred to. This phenomenon, resolutely new, comforts technophobes in their demonization of virtual worlds. The virtual pharmakon-poison is at work : the virtual worlds promote disinhibition and create new pedophiles? Does watching videos of a child pornography make it easier to acting out directly with children? What drives some to view images without ever acting out while others will have a mixed use or others will directly attack children without viewing images or videos? This is an essential question both in terms of prevention and the care of people with a pedophilic disorder. Patients and methods From an exploratory perspective, we have chosen to present the legal, historical and psychopathological framework related to the downloading of child pornography material in order to lay the foundations for a study of this phenomenon without falling into the pitfalls of fascination - repulsion it awakens especially by the pedophile and virtual association. The clinical stories of patient, downloaders of child pornography provide initial insights into the issues underlying this practice. Results Recalling the specific legal framework that frames these practices allows the clinician to have benchmarks of what the law provides to face this relatively new phenomenon. The historical framework allows nuancing this impression of radical novelty and pointing out the new aspects and those which are in continuity and which can benefit from our classical clinical references. The psychopathological framework, like the previous point, supports the clinician in his ability to rely on his clinical training, while providing nuances on the specificities of this phenomenon. The clinical data attest of the importance of the group dimension of this practice: an unprecedented groupality is established in these virtual spaces of sharing. These links, without having an unambiguous influence, are likely to have an impact on the subject that breaks his loneliness and exchanges with people “as (him)”. The subject is also confronted with images with varied contents that come close or not to his fantasies. The images scenes proposed could become a medium to fantasize, especially in the context of a defect of fantasizing where the attachment to the image will serve as a support. Computer-assisted fantasies can then in some cases allow a discharge being accompanied by a liberating masturbation on the drive plane. For other downloaders, the image will be taken as a carrier of truth: children can consent to having sex with adults. They search in their eyes, gestures or words for signs that could betray a pleasure in the child and so encourage themselves to act. Practice the viewing of child pornography is not a guarantee of non-acting directly with children, or of its opposite. On the other hand, the fact that a person is arrested and sheltered from harm as a result of this online practice may allow the establishment of psychological and psychiatric care on this disorder. Conclusions The title of this article, deliberately provocative, comes to take against the current representations of a virtual that would be at the origin of the pedophile acting out. However, it is difficult to support the idea of a cathartic use of this type of material because our clinical observations do not go in this direction either. Indeed, too many factors are taken into account and the complexity makes, as often, this binary position not very relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Les usages d’Internet sont parfois sources de fascination comme d’effroi pour certains parents. Comme nouvel espace d’expérimentation, Internet séduit, voir happe les adolescents. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai que leurs parents en ont fréquemment un usage plus restreint ou, tout au moins, moins varié. Source d’exaltations, de connaissances, de satisfactions immédiates ou plus construites, Internet et les réseaux sociaux peuvent aussi générer conflits, souffrances ou harcèlements. Qu’est-ce que le cyberharcèlement ? Comment agir dans ces situations ? Comment le prévenir ? Plus en amont, nous poserons quelques hypothèses favorisant ces usages concernant les caractéristiques du virtuel, les mouvements psychiques des adolescents. Ainsi nous rendrons les rencontres avec « ses amis » sur les réseaux moins malheureuses et plus structurantes. The uses (practices) of Internet are sometimes sources of fascination as dismay for certain parents (relatives). As new space of experiment, Internet seduces and snatches the teenagers. This is true all the more as their parents have frequently a more restricted custom of it or at least less varied. Internet and the social networks are source of ecstasies, knowledge, more constructed or immediate satisfactions. The social networks can also generate conflicts, sufferings. What is cyber bullying? How to act in these situations? How to warn him? We shall put some hypotheses favoring these uses concerning the characteristics of the virtual, the psychic movements of the adolescence. Which behavior makes augur a risk? Which are the practices which alert? So will make us the meetings with “his (her) friends” on networks less unfortunate and more structuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé En raison de la fréquence des comorbidités, les cliniciens ont besoin d’avoir une vue d’ensemble des troubles de leurs patients, mais les entretiens structurés permettant d’en faire l’inventaire sont chronophages et parfois fastidieux. Il serait donc utile de disposer d’un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation validé permettant l’inventaire complet de la plupart des manifestations des troubles psychopathologiques les plus courants. L’objectif de ce travail est de vérifier la structure factorielle et certaines qualités psychométriques de la traduction française de l’inventaire d’auto-description pour adultes ( adult self-report [ASR]) d’Achenbach et Rescorla (2003) qui évalue 120 problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux. Dans ce but, nous avons demandé à des étudiants d’une université à dominante littéraire et juridique de remplir l’ASR. Nous avons recueilli 905 protocoles valides remplis par des étudiants des deux sexes (699 femmes) et de différentes disciplines (669 étudiants en psychologie), dont 862 âgés de 18 à 35 ans. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont permis de retrouver la structure factorielle en huit échelles syndromiques de l’instrument original (RMSEA = 0,037 ; CFI = 0,931). La cohérence interne de la plupart des échelles est comparable à celle de la version originale et la fidélité test-retest à cinq semaines est satisfaisante. Les scores des sujets français, surtout ceux des hommes, sont légèrement supérieurs à ceux des sujets américains âgés de 18 à 35 ans. Dans l’échantillon français, les scores des hommes ne diffèrent de ceux des femmes qu’à l’échelle de comportement transgressif, mais les étudiants en psychologie, quel que soit leur sexe, ont des scores d’intériorisation et de troubles de l’attention supérieurs à ceux des autres étudiants. Malgré certaines limitations, dont la principale est que les participants sont tous étudiants d’une même université, ces résultats sont de nature à encourager l’utilisation de l’ASR dans la pratique comme dans la recherche clinique. Because of the frequent comorbidities, clinicians need to get a comprehensive picture of the behavioral and emotional problems presented by their patients, but structured interviews allowing for such a survey are time consuming and sometimes tedious, and no French language self-report questionnaire is currently available. The aim of the present study was to verify the factorial structure and some psychometric properties of the French version of the Achenbach and Rescorla's (2003) adult self-report (ASR), which is designed to assess 120 behavioral and emotional problems. We collected ASR forms completed by 905 students enrolled in a university having schools of humanities, social sciences, sports, laws and economics (699 women, 669 students in psychology, 862 aged 18–35 years). The confirmatory factor analyses yielded the expected eight-factor structure (RMSEA = .037; CFI = .931). The internal consistency was similar to the original, and the test-retest reliability was satisfactory. French subjects, especially men, scored higher than their American counterparts on several scales, but the effect sizes were small to medium. French women and men's scores differed only on the Rule-Breaking Behavior scale, with men scoring higher; however, students in psychology, whichever was their gender, scored higher than other students on scales measuring internalizing problems and attention problems. Despite some limitations, the main of which is that all participants were students from the same university, these results speak in favor of the use of the French adult self-report in both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Over the last twenty-five years, psychiatry has been influenced by three independent forces: advances in scientific knowledge, changes in the organisation of care, and the evolution of patients' expectations. Although it does not yet offer new treatments on an everyday basis, the progress of scientific knowledge has caused psychiatry to distance itself from psychopathology, and particularly from Freudian psychopathology, in favour of a more neurological conception of mental functioning. Changes in the organisation of care can be seen as an industrialisation of the health care system implemented by a Taylorisation of the intervention of health professionals who are under an obligation to produce increasingly standardised and limited services, the psychiatrist being moreover less and less called upon, except to deal with acute cases of disorder. Patients' demand for care shows a shift in the common representation of mental functioning: once understood as the result of an internal conflict, psychiatric disorders are now perceived as the consequence of maladjustment to the environment, or even of an assault by the environment. Paradoxically, these three forces have not brought about any major changes in psychiatric private practice which remains to a large extent what it was twenty-five years ago. Nevertheless, this practice, once considered completely academic, now tends to be marginalised among medical practices, even considered archaic by some, in a way that its transmittance is not guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to relativize the psychoanalytic criticisms addressed to the psychiatric field based on the conception of the unitary, absolute and undivided existence of something that would function as "the Psychiatry". By showing the tensions existing within psychiatric psychopathology by the emergence of the subject and his/her singularity, we seek to indicate ways of constructing a Psychiatry based on an ethics of the subject and of his/her desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]