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National audience; Interactive paper technologies offer new opportunities for supporting the highly individual practices of creative artists, such as contemporary music composers, who express and explore their ideas on both paper and the computer. We introduce PaperComposer, a graphical interface builder that allows users to create a personalized interactive paper interface that they can connect to their own computer-based musical data. We also present an API that facilitates the development of interactive paper components for PaperComposer. We describe one public demonstration of a novel musical interface designed for children and our collaborations with composers to create two novel interactive music interfaces that reflected their individual composition styles.

La biomasse est une source d’énergie renouvelable qui peut contribuer de manière significative à la réduction de la consommation de combustibles fossiles. L’utilisation de déchets agricoles ou agro-industriels tels que les grignons d’olives est particulièrement pertinente. La gazéification est une technique prometteuse de valorisation énergétique des déchets pour ce type de résidus lignocellulosiques. La technologie est cependant adaptée à un panel relativement limité de combustibles solides ayant des spécifications définies, qui doivent donc être caractérisées correctement. Le but de cette étude était d’analyser et de comparer des grignons d’olives de 3 origines différentes par des techniques complémentaires telles que la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformer de Fourier, la thermogravimétrie couplée à l’analyse calorimétrique différentielle et la pyrolyse suivie d’une chromatographie en phase gazeuse / spectrométrie de masse (Py-CG/SM). Les résultats soulignent la nature complexe des grignons qui sont principalement organiques. En plus des principaux composés organiques (cellulose, hémicelluloses et lignine), la présence de plusieurs constituants organiques mineurs a été montrée. La Py-CG/SM a montré que le gaz produit par pyrolyse contient plusieurs produits de dégradation de la matière lignocellulosique et de l’huile d’olive. L’influence du procédé d’extraction de l’huile d’olive (à deux phases ou à trois phases) a également été mise en évidence. La dégradation thermochimique des grignons suit un mécanisme complexe mais la composition des grignons répond à la plupart des spécifications requises par la gazéification., Biomass is a renewable energy source that can make a significant contribution to reducing fossil fuels consumption. The use of agricultural or agro-industrial waste such as olive mill solid residues is particularly relevant. Gasification is a promising waste-to-energy technique for this type of lignocellulosic residues. The technology however is adapted to a relatively limited panel of solid waste fuels of defined specifications, which must therefore be characterized properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare olive mill solid residues from 3 different origins by complementary techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry and analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-CG/SM). The results underlined the complex nature of the residues, which are mainly organic. In addition to the major compounds (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin), the presence of several minor organic constituents was shown. Py-CG/SM showed that the gas produced by pyrolysis contains several degradation products of lignocellulosic material and olive oil. The influence of the olive oil extraction process (two-phase or three-phase) was also highlighted. The thermochemical degradation of olive mill residues follows a complex pathway but the composition of the residues meets most of the requirements parameters for gasification.

International audience; This short paper compares two approaches of the state of the art, to implement Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems. By com- paring the two approaches, we aim to show that combining them could lead to an improvement of the offered response of the system. It shows that it could be interesting to develop a proof-of-concept system from a combination of these approaches, as it would improve the state of the art in AAL systems.

National audience; Les salles de classes sont de plus en plus équipées de dispositifs informatiques qui permettent aux enseignants de diffuser des ressources multimédia pendant les cours. Nous avons donc d'une part des enseignants encouragés à diffuser des ressources numériques et d'autre part des élèves qui continuent principalement à prendre des notes sur des cahiers papier traditionnels. Cet article présente un prototype de logiciel de prise de notes augmentée (appelé U-Note) qui s'appuie sur la technologie des sty-los numérique Anoto pour tenter de concilier ces deux types de supports.

"This article explores the roots of the American art music tradition in the aesthetics of John Sullivan Dwight (1813-1893), the most influential writer on music in 19th century America. As a Brook Farmer and a former Unitarian minister, Dwight articulated a conception of music simultaneously endowed with deep spiritual content and social import. Steeped in the literary and musical traditions of German Romanticism, especially the works of Schiller and Beethoven, Dwight's musical Transcendentalism echoed many of Emerson's themes and contributed to fashioning the key notions that nurtured the aesthetic tradition in which Charles Ives was raised. His utopian musical anthropology turned music into a form of spiritual experience reorienting our relation to the world and thus foreshadowing the refounding of society."

Summary — Consequences of the inclusion of sugar beet pulp in diets for early weaned and growing pigs. The effect of extrusion of wheat and of the inclusion of 6% of sugar beet pulp in a pelleted starter on the performance of the weaned piglet has been studied in two experiments. In the first experiment, 80 crossbred castrated male and female piglets weaned at 21 days of age raised individually y were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to compare their performance between weaning and 25 kg g live weight. Average feed intake was similar between treatments, but extrusion of wheat had no significant effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio. The association of normal wheat with sugar beet pulp improved significantly growth rate (P < 0.02) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.06), in particular during the period following immediatly weaning, ie, 193 vs 156 g/day and 193 vs 2.32, respectively. In the second experiment, 32 crossbred castrated piglets were used to evaluate faecal, then ileal digestibilities of dietary components. Extrusion did not improve digestibility. Ileal digestibility but not faecal digestibility of dry matter and energy was reduced (P < 0.001 ) by the inclusion of sugar beet pulp in the diet. Post-ileal digestibility of all dietary components was higher in animals fed fibrous diet. During the growing-finishing period between 25 and 100 kg live weight, the inclusion of a similar level of 6% of sugar beet pulp in a normal wheat based diet was tested. Piglets of the first experiment were randomly affected to one of the two diets taking into account their previous diet, sex and weight. The average daily gain for the whole period was slighly but not significantly reduced and feed conversion ratio was unchanged in animals receiving sugar beet pulp. However, feed conversion ratio expressed as digeatible energy per kg of body weight gain was reduced in animals receiving beet pulp in their diet. At slaughter, the percentage of lean meat was improved from 52.8 to 54.0% (P < 0.05) as a consequence of a linear decrease in the backfat thickness (P < 0.05) of carcasses of animals receiving sugar beet pulp. No difference in the weight of lean cuts was observed but the use of sugar beet pulp decreased significantly the weight of fat cuts (P < 0.01 It was suggested that for a similar nitrogen retention a reduction in the digestible energy intake reduces the deposition of fatty tissues but the total amount of lean meat in the carcass was not affected by the inclusion of sugar beet in the diet.

In this paper, we propose a method for coarse camera pose computation which is robust to viewing conditions and does not require a detailed model of the scene. This method meets the growing need of easy deployment of robotics or augmented reality applications in any environments, especially those for which no accurate 3D model nor huge amount of ground truth data are available. It exploits the ability of deep learning techniques to reliably detect objects regardless of viewing conditions. Previous works have also shown that abstracting the geometry of a scene of objects by an ellipsoid cloud allows to compute the camera pose accurately enough for various application needs. Though promising, these approaches use the ellipses fitted to the detection bounding boxes as an approximation of the imaged objects. In this paper, we go one step further and propose a learning-based method which detects improved elliptic approximations of objects which are coherent with the 3D ellipsoid in terms of perspective projection. Experiments prove that the accuracy of the computed pose significantly increases thanks to our method and is more robust to the variability of the boundaries of the detection boxes. This is achieved with very little effort in terms of training data acquisition -- a few hundred calibrated images of which only three need manual object annotation. Code and models are released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization., Comment: Presented at 3DV 2020. Code and models released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization

International audience; Objectives: This paper aims to provide physicians with knowledge about the motivational processes surrounding exercise and diet for patients with type 2 diabetes and to offer patient support measures to favor self-management. To respond to this objective, the links between two kind of motivators (i.e., promotion and prevention foci), the Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) self-management strategy, and adherence to exercise and diet of patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated for the first time in the literature.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 French volunteer participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for at least 3 months (Age = 61.66 ± 9.63; BMI = 29.8 ± 5.9). Participants completed an online self-report survey measuring SOC strategy, promotion and prevention foci, and adherence to exercise and diet.Results: The main results of path and bootstrapping analysis demonstrated that promotion focus was positively related with SOC strategy (β = .69, p < .001) whereas prevention focus was not (β = −.01, ns.). On the other hand, SOC strategy was positively related with exercise (β = .20, p < .05), general diet (β = .49, p < .001), fruit and vegetable consumption (β = .27, p < .001), and spacing of carbohydrates (β = .40, p < .001), and mediated the positive link between promotion focus and these behaviors (bootstrapped 95% CI: [.11; .40], [.52; .81], [.22; .54], [.37; .70], respectively).Conclusion: This paper addresses a gap in previous research by evidencing a motivator that promotes self-management for exercise and diet among patients with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that physicians should privilege an interaction with patients oriented toward promotional motivation so as to favor their patients’ self-management regarding exercise and diet.

This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, we investigate whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth. In estimating the impact of ICT on economic growth, we use a wide range of ICT indicators, including mobile and fixed telephone penetration rates and the cost of local calls. We address any endogeneity issues by using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator. Financial inclusion is captured by variables measuring access to financial services, such as the number of deposits or loans per head, compiled by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Martinez Peria (2007) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP, 2009). The results confirm that ICT, including mobile phone development, contribute significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion. At the same time, the development of mobile phones consolidates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, especially in countries where mobile financial services take hold.

PurposeCompanies today observe an increase in the complexity and vulnerability of their supply chains (SCs) as a result of global scale networks and a turbulent environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore knowledge management (KM) as a potential way of reducing SC vulnerability and answer the following question: how does inter-organisational KM influence efforts to reduce SC vulnerability?Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the resource-based view and the knowledge-based view (KBV), a single case study in the energy industry is conducted by collecting various data through interviews, observations and internal documents.FindingsThis edifying case study indicates that a lack of KM hinders any attempt to mitigate SC vulnerability.Research limitations/implicationsThis research shows several limitations such as data privacy, generalisation and the decision to study an atypical SC.Practical implicationsThe paper points out in a dedicated section the key actions a company should take in order to develop the required characteristics of knowledge expressed in the KBV.Originality/valueThis is the first qualitative research that investigates the relationships between SC vulnerability and KM, and more particularly in a recycling context where a strong research gap exists.

The modular model of geared systems presented in this paper makes it possible to simultaneously account for the contact conditions in gears and rolling element bearings. Gears are modeled as two rigid cylinders connected by distributed mesh stiffnesses while ball and roller bearings contribute to the equations of motion as time-varying, non-linear external forces. Solutions are obtained by combining a Newmark time-step integration scheme, a Newton-Raphson method for ball bearing non-linearity and a normal contact algorithm that deals with the contact problem between the teeth. It is found that the static gear-bearing couplings are generally more important than the dynamic couplings with a significant influence of the gear on the bearing response. Finally, it is shown that, in certain conditions, bearings can generate non-linear parametric excitations of the same orders of magnitude as those associated with the meshing of helical gears.Copyright © 2003 by ASME

Because of deflections under load, contacts on tooth flanks can occur outside the theoretical plane of action between nonconjugated profiles especially when tooth modifications are not appropriate. The main objective of the present paper is to introduce an original model of the dynamic behavior of spur gears when submitted to these particular meshing conditions. The pinion and the gear of a pair are modeled as two rigid cylinders linked by stiffnesses and dampers whose amplitudes and orientations vary in order to simulate the evolutions of the meshing conditions. For the sake of simplicity, only three torsional degrees-of-freedom on the pinion, the gear and the motor are considered. The results show that the contacts between non-conjugated flanks lead to a particular dynamic behavior characterized by i) an actual contact ratio larger than the theoretical one, ii) the possibility of impacts at engagement whose amplitudes depend on transmitted loads and speeds.

This paper is meant as an introduction to a special issue on circulating mathematics via journals, from ca 1850 to 1950. It intends to study the practices, actors, places and institutions involved in mathematical circulation. Journals constitute one of the main carriers of mathematical knowledge and hence the main vehicle for its circulation. The focus of the paper is on ‘mathematical’ (understood very broadly) journals and the various forms of interplay between them. In order to understand and analyse the processes of circulation that are an important feature of mathematical production, the interactions that take place between journals are considered across different scales, from local practices and representations to more global appraisals. We shall use the notion of circulation space in order to break down the representations of the mathematical world in terms of the centres and peripheries suggested by the geographical area, with its massive publishing centres at different times – Paris, London, Berlin, Leipzig, New York, etc. Besides the geographical dimensions, the focus is on connections between journals, polarisations, competition, rivalries, etc.

This article argues that a fragment from a lost treatise by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925) is preserved in theBook on Morphology Kitāb al-Taṣrīf) by Ps-Ǧābir ibn Ḥayyān. Paul Kraus reached the conclusion that the collection to which this book belongs was written between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth century AD. This fragment represents the first attempt – to our knowledge – to analyze the logical structure of sign-based inference in Arabic, which is known asistidlāl bi-al-šāhid ʿalā al-ġāʾibamong theologians and philosophers. The author distinguishes between sign-inferences based on homogeneity (al-muǧānasa), course of habit (maǧrā al-ʿāda) and traces (āṯār). After providing a translation of the fragment, the first part of this paper argues that its author is Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. My argument is based on a comparison between this text and a passage from theDoubts About Galen, which is also by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. I hypothesize that at least two other fragments from the same work or from different works by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī are preserved in the corpus attributed to Ps-Ǧābir. The second part of the paper aims to reconstruct Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference. In so doing, I show the historical influence that Hellenistic debates on sign-inference might have had on al-Rāzī, and I situate al-Rāzī’s theory in the context of the prominent use that the theologians of thekalāmmade of theistidlāl bi-al-šāhid ʿalā al-ġāʾib. To offer a more comprehensive reconstruction of al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference, this article compares the critical approach presented in the newly identified fragment with the epistemological framework outlined in theDoubts About Galen.Finally, this article shows that Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference had a strong influence on al-Fārābī’s logical developments especially in hisEpitome of the Prior Analytics, even if he does not acknowledge this intellectual debt.

Public health research differs from clinical epidemiological research in that its focus is primarily on the population level social and structural determinants of individual health and the interventions that might ameliorate them, rather than having a primary focus on individual-level risks. It is typically concerned with the proximal and distal causes of health problems, and their location within complex systems, more than with single exposures. Thus, epidemiological terms and concepts may have very different implications when used in the context of population health. This paper considers some key differences in relation to terms like 'population', 'baseline', 'control group' 'outcome' and 'adverse effects'. Even the concept of an 'intervention' often needs careful handling. The paper concludes that there is a need for an expanded, and more realistic use of these terms in the population health intervention research context.

International audience; This paper aims to contribute to the literature on "institutional maintenance work". Focusing on the institutional disruption resulting from a regulatory project of market rationalisation, it enriches the description and analysis of the specific institutional maintenance work performed by powerful actors who engage in resistance against what they perceive as a threat to their discretion. Built on an in-depth qualitative study, our case concerns an attempt to change the form of over-the-counter markets as part of a recent financial reform. The paper contributes to the expanding literature on the maintenance of institutions by suggesting, in particular, that the creation of incommensurables should be added to the list of strategies available to powerful incumbents seeking to resist institutional change. Bridging the gap between the literatures on institutional maintenance and commensuration, it also demonstrates that specific institutional changes can usefully be understood as changes in commensuration systems. This innovatively suggests the existence of degrees of commensuration and calls for a finer-grained understanding of the institutional work required to maintain institutions in a context where the degree of commensuration experienced by a field or a market threatens to increase under coercive pressure.

This paper explores the gap between the singing career of Edith Piaf, a national star of international fame in the 1950s, and the thinness of her career in movies. The hypothesis to explain this shift in popular cinema, where links between film and song are many, is that there is no more room in the French cinema of the time for a “chanteuse realiste,” unlike what can be observed in the 1930s. To test this hypothesis, the paper analyzes the imperfect matching of roles and performance of Piaf, between her star persona and her image as “chanteuse realiste” in seven films between 1946 and 1958, focusing on the movies where she is headlining—Etoile sans lumiere (Marcel Blistene, 1946)—and those where she is guest-star—Boum sur Paris (Maurice de Canonge 1953) or French Cancan (Jean Renoir, 1955).

Given the evolution of wireless technologies, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) have appeared as an emerging low-cost solution to ensure last-mile connectivity to the Internet network. However, providing real-time and streaming applications, such as VoIP (Voice over IP) and VoD (Video on Demand), with a satisfying QoS level is considered as an important challenge within these networks. In this paper, we propose a QoS based routing protocol, called Hybrid QoS Mesh Routing (HQMR), jointly with a clustering algorithm to improve the scalability of mesh networks. HQMR is composed of two routing sub- protocols: a reactive QoS based routing protocol for intra-mesh infrastructure communications and a proactive QoS based multi- tree routing protocol for communications with external networks. We analyze in this paper the simulation results of different scenarios conducted on the network simulator ns-3 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the reactive routing sub-protocol while forwarding real-time applications with a QoS guarantee.

National audience; Research contributions to improve interactive systems reliability as, for now, mainly focused towards fault occurrence prevention by removing software bugs at development time. However, Interactive Systems complexity is so high that whatever efforts are deployed at development time, faults and failures occur at operation time. Root causes of such failures may be due to transient hardware faults or (when systems are used in high atmosphere) may be so called "natural faults" triggered by alpha particles in processors or neutrons from cosmic radiations. This paper proposes an exhaustive identification of faults to be handled in order to improve interactive systems reliability. As currently no research has been carried out in the field of interactive systems to detect and remove natural faults, this paper proposes a software architecture providing fault-tolerant mechanisms dedicated to interactive systems. More precisely, the paper how such architecture addresses the various component of interactive applications namely widgets, user application and window manager. These concepts are demonstrated through a case study from the domain of interactive cockpits of large civil aircrafts. \; La recherche pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs s’est, pour l’instant, principalement dirigée vers la prévention d’introduction de fautes par la suppression des bugs lors du développement. Cependant, la complexité des systèmes interactifs est telle que, quels que soient ces efforts, des défaillances apparaissent lors de leur utilisation. Les causes de telles défaillances peuvent être dues à des pannes matérielles intermittentes ou (quand ces systèmes sont utilisés en haute altitude (avions, véhicules spatiaux …) être déclenchées par des fautes naturelles dues aux particules alpha dans les processeurs ou aux neutrons issus des radiations cosmiques. Cet article propose l’identification exhaustive des problématiques se posant pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs en prenant en compte à la fois les erreurs faites dans les phases de développement et les fautes qui peuvent se produire lors de leur utilisation. Du fait qu’aucune recherche n’a été menée à ce jour pour détecter et éliminer les fautes naturelles, l’article propose aussi une architecture logicielle pour intégrer des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes interactifs. L’article présente en particulier comment cette architecture couvre les différents composants d’un système interactif incluant les widgets, le gestionnaire de fenêtres et l’application interactive. Ces concepts sont mis en œuvre sur une application interactive de cockpits d’avions civils.

This paper presents a study on the usability of a new prototype system for managing personal information on the Internet (PIMI). The objectives are to assess its ease of use, and assess user modification as an evaluation technique. Thirty users participated in the experiment: the first part was a classical usability test (TUC) and a second part was a usability test with user modifications (TUM). A total of 51 usability problems were diagnosed. Among them, 32 with TUC, and 19 with TUM. Part of the latter (11) adds to those identified with TUC, and those previously diagnosed during a usability inspection (IU with Ergonomic Criteria). The active participation of users through customization scenarios seems to provide additional clues for evaluating usability and for design (new generic usability recommendations)., Cet article présente une étude sur l'utilisabilité d'un nouveau prototype de système de gestion des informations personnelles sur Internet (PIMI). Les objectifs sont d'évaluer sa facilité d'utilisation, et d'évaluer la modification utilisateur comme technique d'évaluation. Trente utilisateurs ont participé à l'expérience : une première partie consistait en un test utilisateur classique (TUC) et une seconde partie était un test d'utilisabilité avec modifications utilisateur (TUM). Un total de 51 problèmes d'utilisabilité a été diagnostiqué. Parmi eux, 32 ont été identifiés avec TUC, et 19 avec TUM. Une partie de ces derniers (11) s'ajoute à ceux identifiés avec TUC, et à ceux diagnostiqués précédemment lors d'une inspection de l'utilisabilité (IU avec Critères Ergonomiques). La participation active des utilisateurs au travers de scénarios de personnalisation semble fournir des indices supplémentaires pour l'évaluation de l'utilisabilité et pour la conception (nouvelles recommandations génériques d'utilisabilité). Mots clés : Utilisabilité ; méthodes d'évaluation ; modifications utilisateur ; e-gov. ; informations personnelles. Abstract: This paper presents a study on the usability of a new prototype system for managing personal information on the Internet (PIMI). The objectives are to assess its ease of use, and assess user modification as an evaluation technique. Thirty users participated in the experiment: the first part was a classical usability test (TUC) and a second part was a usability test with user modifications (TUM). A total of 51 usability problems were diagnosed. Among them, 32 with TUC, and 19 with TUM. Part of the latter (11) adds to those identified with TUC, and those previously diagnosed during a usability inspection (IU with Ergonomic Criteria). The active participation of users through customization scenarios seems to provide additional clues for evaluating usability and for design (new generic usability recommendations).

International audience; The importance of short-term financial decisions to a company’s value is considered in this paper by testing whether an extra euro invested in cash or in net working capital is valued at less than one euro. By running panel data regressions, the presented evidence proves that shareholders undervalue cash holdings and net working capital. The results of this paper alert management not to underestimate the importance of cash holdings and working capital management; moreover, the results encourage investors to follow a company’s actions in this area to maximise their returns on investment.

International audience; In this paper, we present a medical image integrity verification system to detect and approximate local malevolent image alterations (e.g. removal or addition of lesions) as well as identifying the nature of a global processing an image may have undergone (e.g. lossy compression, filtering ...). The proposed integrity analysis process is based on non significant region watermarking with signatures extracted from different pixel blocks of interest and which are compared with the recomputed ones at the verification stage. A set of three signatures is proposed. The two firsts devoted to detection and modification location are cryptographic hashes and checksums, while the last one is issued from the image moment theory. In this paper, we first show how geometric moments can be used to approximate any local modification by its nearest generalized 2D Gaussian. We then demonstrate how ratios between original and recomputed geometric moments can be used as image features in a classifier based strategy in order to determine the nature of a global image processing. Experimental results considering both local and global modifications in MRI and retina images illustrate the overall performances of our approach. With a pixel block signature of about 200 bit long, it is possible to detect, to roughly localize and to get an idea about the image tamper.

National audience; Real-time adaptive production control in the flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) is a complex issue that needs to be addressed to realize good performance and high productivity. In this paper, we have considered a support vector machine (SVM)-based simulation approach to resolve a production control problem in an FMC that operates in a dynamic environment. A SVM-based simulation approach chooses the most relevant scheduling rule out of several predefined ones on the basis of the current states of the system. This paper examines and compares the performance of the SVM-based simulation approach with the competent scheduling rules under two different operational environments which are characterized by the uncertainty of demand. We have also developed a Visual Basic-based simulation approach for scheduling of component parts in the context of FMC under different situations. The SVM methodology to control the production offers better performance than the single-rule-based production control system.

International audience; This paper borrows its title from one narrator’s comment in Toby Olson’s third novel, in order to try and define the experience of being “touched” by storytelling, and by writing : or, what sort of “touch” may occur on the unstable, evasive limit between body and meaning ? The article discusses the many narrative mediations and obstacles presiding over this story of subjected and liberated bodies, and analyses the radical dissociation established by Olson between seeing and understanding. This serves an exploration of the somehow fabulous power to challenge, mobilize, and displace knowledge and meaning which is granted to the miniature animal bodies accompanying the affected human bodies throughout the novel. The paper then offers some remarks on reading as discontinuous tensions between meaning effects and presence effects, or else as pensive “leaps” inherent in aesthetic experience.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the presence of royalties in a number of retail contracts, recognising that some distribution networks do not use this monetary provision.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the theory of contracts. It provides an econometric analysis of recent French data using the main theoretical explanation concerning the presence of royalties in distribution contractual relationships.FindingsThe evidence suggests that the presence of royalties in distribution contracts depends on the management by the producer of the brand value: the transmission of concepts and know‐how to retailers and advertising and promotional campaigns.Research limitations/implicationsAs a result of data availability, the paper focuses on the presence or the absence of royalties in distribution contracts. Future research should aim to explain the level of royalty rate, i.e. the share of the retailers' turnover accruing to the producers.Practical implicationsThis paper offers an understanding of the presence of royalties in the contractual relationships between producers and retailers, providing practitioners with a better basis for making decisions in designing distribution contracts.Originality/valueThis paper enlarges the empirical evidence concerning the monetary provisions for several kinds of distribution networks based on a brand name and considers different types of producer involvement in the network.

International audience; Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques have recently become an important research field for enhancing the performance of in-home Power Line Communication (PLC) systems by exploiting the additional Protective Earth wire. The development of such systems requires an accurate description of the channel noise. In this paper we have presented a model for PLC background noise based on an extensive set of measurements. We have adopted the framework of multivariate time series to model the PLC background noise.This paper employs the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) modeling technique to extract noise model parameters from the measured noise. We have verified the accuracy of the noise model by comparing time and frequency domain correlation of measured and modeled noises.

International audience; This paper reports an experience feedback about a Master-2 and Engineering-School level training in HCI based on the transfer of knowledge and technology from research and industry. We emphasize the importance of training students to promising research areas such as user interface plasticity and to recent technologies for developing mobile media and MS surface table applications. The whole training enhances user-centered methodsto encourage students to focus on the use of applications.; Cet article présente un retour d'expérience sur une formation en IHM de niveau Master 2 et École d'ingénieurs reposant sur le transfert de savoirs et de technologies issus de la recherche et de l'industrie. Nous mettons l'accent sur l'importance de former les étudiants à des domaines de recherche prometteurs tels que la plasticité des IHM et à des technologies récentes permettant le développement d'applications sur supports mobiles et table MS Surface. L'ensemble de la formation valorise les méthodes centrées utilisateurs afin d'inciter les étudiants à privilégier l'usage des applications. ABSTRACT This paper reports an experience feedback about a Master-2 and Engineering-School level training in HCI based on the transfer of knowledge and technology from research and industry. We emphasize the importance of training students to promising research areas such as user interface plasticity and to recent technologies for developing mobile media and MS surface table applications. The whole training enhances user-centered methods to encourage students to focus on the use of applications.

International audience; Several separate displays are used by Air Traffic Controllers, such as radar view, flight lists view or paper strips. In order to link the information between these views and keep focus on a subset of flights, controllers are required to do visual operations (eye gaze, analysis of visual properties etc.). This process can be disruptive when traffic increases and when visualizations display large amounts of objects. In this paper we propose the use of animated transitions to replace the visual paths controllers take. We discuss this technique and show results of a predictive evaluation that suggests an improvement in users' performance.

International audience; This paper addresses the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as a remote sensing tool for oceanographic applications. In this paper we use the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected off the sea surface along with a coastal receiver to perform detection and tracking of a near sea surface mobile target. Because these signals have a very low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in a non stationary medium, a matched filter is required. A filter based on the Extended Kalman process is presented here.

International audience; In this paper, the authors describe a modeling and design method for a permanent magnet drive used in a power train for Hybrid Electric Heavy Vehicle, based on a Series-Parallel architecture. The hybrid powertrain structure enables high requirements for boost mode of acceleration and full electric mode. A 'Ravigneaux' train was integrated in this hybrid powertrain structure in order to split energy among the vehicle wheels, the thermal engine, the electrical motor and the alternator. To compare the classical simple epicyclic train used in series-parallel Toyota hybrid structure, this 'Ravigneaux' train developed by Nexter group presents a better adaptation to high mechanical constraints (high power and torque) because of its double stages compound structure. Several operation modes of vehicle were analyzed by assuming that the two electrical machines were identical and reversible (they can both operate as a motor or an alternator). In this paper, a simple drive is considered: it deals with a Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (SMPMSM) and a two level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). An analytical modeling based on three working points: boost working point, nominal working point and maximal rotation speed working point has been elaborated. The analytical modeling makes it possible to model the physical behavior of different components. It enables to analyze quickly the relationship between the different parameters. A numerical modeling using 2D finite elements is also presented in this paper. The aim of 2D finite elements analysis (2DFEA) is to validate the machine performances obtained by analytical modeling. It enables to model some physical phenomena with a better accuracy, such as magnetic saturation. Generally, the results given by 2DFEA will be closer to experimental results. The control law of the electrical machine was investigated by the way of a single-phased electromechanical modeling. With this model, the flux weakening analysis has been taken into account in order to adapt the motor winding according to the rotation speeds defined in the specifications. The flux weakening was realized by considering mechanical and electrical characteristics linked with power, torque, rotation speed, DC-link voltage, feeding voltage of electrical machine, Id and Iq currents, cyclic inductance, winding resistance, back-electromotive force, phase difference between back electromotive force and phase current... The electrical machine losses have been calculated by neglecting the mechanical losses and PM losses. The machine losses calculation includes the copper losses and the iron losses (eddy currents losses and hysteresis losses). The flux density in the stator yoke and the teeth was evaluated by taking into account the magnetic flux created by permanent magnet and the one created by armature reaction (stator current). The inverter losses were calculated too, by considering the commutation and conduction losses of both diodes and IGBT transistors. Thus, the total losses and the global efficiencies of motor and inverter were evaluated and the best working points can be deduced from those calculations. The previous models enable to evaluate global energy performances of electrical machines and inverters by respecting the constraints defined in the specifications. This methodology is general and can be a first step of a complete power train optimal design, including the electrical drive, the gear, the energy storage units and possibly the internal combustion engine.

This paper presents a multi-agent approach dedicated to power management in buildings. This approach, defines a multi-layer control mechanism: reactive and anticipative mechanisms. In a first part, the paper presents the power system and its problems. Then, it presents the agents modeling of the proposed system, called MAHAS. In the second part of this paper, we show how a multi-agent system, well adapted to solve problems spatially distributed and opened, can dynamically adapt the consumption of energy to various constraints by exploiting the flexibilities of the services provided by domestic devices (services shifting, energy accumulating).

Contrary to Asian countries, the agricultural sector in Africa had not benefited from the green revolution success. After a long time of disinterest in the agriculture sector in Africa, several voices arise now in favour of greater efforts towards this sector. Several studies tend to show the crucial role of agriculture in African countries' growth and highlight the huge need of increasing the productivity in this sector. If increase in agriculture productivity requires both an expansion of irrigated areas and the adoption of high yield varieties, those innovations and their high development could be the source of negative health (and environmental) effects. Using a mega-analysis, this paper highlights first the links between health, disease and development and then agricultural productivity. The literature review shows that the negative effect of bad health was not systematically checked, and that the intensity of this effect depends of the disease, but also of the work productivity and the existence or not of a coping process. The second part of the paper focused on the development of high intensive agriculture as a risk factor for farmers' and rural inhabitants' health. This survey shows that whether irrigation and fertilizer and pest intensive use could be considered as highly health (and environmental) risk factors, appropriate control measures (such as for examples systematic maintenance of irrigation canals, alternate wetting and drying of irrigated fields or integrated pest management) considerably reduce this risk, while at the same time, increase the agriculture productivity.

The constantly increasing market request of high quality vehicles ask the automotive manufacturers to perform lifetime testing in order to verify the reliability levels of new products. In this paper, we deal with two difficulties in reliability assessment for mechanical parts. On one hand, there is the small number of parts available for testing. On the other hand, there is the problem of wear. In the automotive applications, mechanical components subjected to relative motion of parts have to be designed against wear. In this paper, the Bayesian estimation of Wiener process parameters (usually used to define the degradation process) is studied to improve the estimation accuracy in incorporating the available knowledge on the product. In particular, the finite element results and expert knowledge are considered as “a priori”. For wear prediction by FEM, a model based on Archard law was developed for the brake disc wear.

The analyses presented in this paper are based on the first step of the research project concerning the links between Positive Organizational Potential (POP), Organizational Commitment (OC) and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). The survey was conducted in two samples and covered French and Polish firms. The results support a model adopted in the analysis and thus the importance of influence of POP, organizational culture and climate on employees’ behaviours and Organizational Development. The results also point out cultural differences between the French and Polish firms: one dimension of OC, the willingness to continue membership in the organization and the general compliance dimension of OCB are lower in the French sample. The present paper also presents the next, planned step of the research.

Conceptual model quality can be defined as a set of perceivable characteristics expressed with quantifiable parameters. The aim of the research described in this paper is to evaluate the quality of different conceptual model versions of the same universe of discourse by different Information Systems (IS) stakeholders. This paper describes: a) a set of quality factors (clarity, simplicity, expressiveness, minimality) applied to different versions of ER conceptual schemas, b) an approach enabling a comprehensive comparison of the conceptual schemas, c) an experimentation leading to the evaluation of the same schemas by IS stakeholders such as designers, end-users, and students, based on a sample of about 120 observations using different statistical methods. First results indicate that there exists a strong independence between the IS stakeholders and the quality factors used. A second result reveals a significant difference between groups of respondents in their ways to perceive conceptual schemas quality. Based on our experiment, we are able to identify quality factors relevant to different groups of stakeholders, depending on several dimensions, such as their professional experience, and/or their specialization degree.

International audience; Scattering of coherent light from a disordered material produces a complex distribution of intensity known as a speckle pattern. Speckle patterns are not as random as they appear at first glance. Their statistical properties exhibit universal features, as already recognized in the first paper on laser speckle. The existence of short-range and long-range spatial correlations in speckles has been shown to be fundamental in wave physics. It has also led to the emergence of novel approaches for imaging through scattering media.

This paper deals with the monolithic integration around vertical power devices. It presents the work carried out toward the integration of the gate driver within the power device, thanks to a N-MOS technology. It is based on modeling and analysis of correct functional operation of the lateral N-MOS devices thanks static curves. These devices are integrated within the power device thanks to a full share of technological steps between the two types of devices. Thanks to the analysis, a full gate driver is designed and integrated. At the end of the paper, the work is partially validated thanks to experimental results.

This paper deals with face gear design. The goal is to propose a simple formula for predicting the width of the wheel as a function of the main design parameters. A specific software was used to achieve this goal. This numerical tool is able to simulate the geometry and the quasistatic loaded behavior of a face gear. The statistical method used for analyzing the influence of data is described: The design of experiments leads to a simple regression model taking into account the influential parameters and their couplings. In the last part of this paper, the results of the formulas are compared to those of the software and an optimal design is proposed based on the regression model.

In this paper, the duality in differential form is developed between a 3D primal surface and its dual manifold formed by the surface's tangent planes, that is, each tangent plane of the primal surface is represented as a four-dimensional vector that constitutes a point on the dual manifold. The iterated dual theorem shows that each tangent plane of the dual manifold corresponds to a point on the original 3D surface, that is, the "dual" of the "dual" goes back to the "primal." This theorem can be directly used to reconstruct 3D surface from image edges by estimating the dual manifold from these edges. In this paper, we further develop the work in our original conference papers resulting in the robust differential dual operator. We argue that the operator makes good use of the information available in the image data by using both points of intensity discontinuity and their edge directions; we provide a simple physical interpretation of what the abstract algorithm is actually estimating and why it makes sense in terms of estimation accuracy; our algorithm operates on all edges in the images, including silhouette edges, self occlusion edges, and texture edges, without distinguishing their types (thus, resulting in improved accuracy and handling locally concave surface estimation if texture edges are present); the algorithm automatically handles various degeneracies; and the algorithm incorporates new methodologies for implementing the required operations such as appropriately relating edges in pairs of images, evaluating and using the algorithm's sensitivity to noise to determine the accuracy of an estimated 3D point. Experiments with both synthetic and real images demonstrate that the operator is accurate, robust to degeneracies and noise, and general for reconstructing free-form objects from occluding edges and texture edges detected in calibrated images or video sequences.

This paper introduces a new modeling method suitable for the simulation of shell fracture under impact. This method relies on an entirely meshless approach based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The paper also presents the SPH shell formulation being used as well as the different test cases used for its validation. A plasticity model of the global type throughout the thickness is also proposed and validated. Finally, in order to illustrate the capabilities of the method, fracture simulations using a simplified fracture criterion are presented.

4 pages, démonstrations; National audience; In this paper, we discuss a choice of props for a dedicated task: selecting a cutting line from a top map. We present GeoTUI, a tabletop and a Tangible User Interface intended to geosciences. Several props have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. We begin with an analysis of the advantages of addressing a specific domain in this kind of study.; Nous nous intéressons à la sélection d'une ligne de coupe dans un modèle 3D. Nous nous situons donc dans le pa-radigme des interfaces utilisateurs 3D (3DUI). Dans ce contexte, il est intéressant pour adresser un problème gé-néral d'expérimenter sur des applications métiers complexes porteuses de contraintes et d'exigences, ici les géosciences. Dans le cadre de l'interface proposée, table interactive et interface tangible, nous étudions les diffé-rentes métaphores d'interaction possibles et déterminons le meilleur interacteur pour la tâche ciblée. ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss a choice of props for a dedicated task: selecting a cutting line from a top map. We present GeoTUI, a tabletop and a Tangible User Interface intended to geosciences. Several props have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. We begin with an analysis of the advantages of addressing a specific domain in this kind of study.

This paper deals with systematically applying a modern principle of designing real-time simulators, namely the HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) concept, consisting in closed-loop connecting physical and software parts, in order to replicate in laboratory conditions the dynamic behaviour of an industrial process. The software part results from modelling the real system to be simulated, whereas the physical part is taken as it is from this system. Principles of HILS systems are first presented, then a systematic design procedure is proposed and illustrated by building a simulator dedicated to variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. The architecture and possibilities of this simulator are suggested by amply discussing the most relevant experimental results. Some concluding remarks finish this paper.

The main idea in this paper deals with the importance of smart machining improvement by introducing physical based understanding. The case of chip formation, in hard turning, is treated via the existence of a direct relationship between serrated-chip morphology simultaneously with force component signals(resulting from a high frequency acquisition) and with the width of facets detected on a workpiece machined surface. The forces component variations can reach several tens of Newton. The shear segmentation of the chip is a high frequency phenomenon. Because it can excites machine-tool, induces insert wear and affects surface integrity, this phenomenon has to be understood and controlled by the smart machining devices. The paper is a contribution by considering an experimental and a numerical approach.

An "open shop" approach characterized by shared resources comprising mobile agents (algorithms) was implemented, in a previous paper, to minimize the total makespan on the whole of the distributed equipment diagnostic processors in order to meet the maximum availability constraints of distributed system. An evaluation of the incidence of the inspection periods of these diagnosis tasks on the maintenance parameters in the case of a reparable wind system of energy production by Monte Carlo simulation is made now. The results show that a period of weaker inspection and a "window" of broader preventive replacement increase the availability of the system and the costs of preventive maintenance, but, on the other hand, the costs of corrective maintenance decrease, thus the need for a trade, Une approche du type « open shop » caractérisée par des ressources partagées constituées d'agents mobiles (les algorithmes) avait été précédemment mise en oeuvre de notre part pour minimiser le makespan total sur l'ensemble des processeurs de diagnostic d'équipements répartis en vue de répondre aux contraintes de disponibilité maximale du système distribué. Une évaluation est maintenant faite de l'incidence des périodes d'inspections de ces tâches de diagnostic sur les paramètres de maintenance dans le cas d'un système éolien réparable de production d'énergie par simulation Monte Carlo. Les résultats montrent qu'une période d'inspection plus faible et une « fenêtre » de remplacement préventif plus large augmentent la disponibilité du système et les coûts de maintenance préventive, mais, d'un autre côté, diminuent les coûts de maintenance corrective, d'où la nécessité d'un compromis. ABSTRACT. An "open shop" approach characterized by shared resources comprising mobile agents (algorithms) was implemented, in a previous paper, to minimize the total makespan on the whole of the distributed equipment diagnostic processors in order to meet the maximum availability constraints of distributed system. An evaluation of the incidence of the inspection periods of these diagnosis tasks on the maintenance parameters in the case of a reparable wind system of energy production by Monte Carlo simulation is made now. The results show that a period of weaker inspection and a "window" of broader preventive replacement increase the availability of the system and the costs of preventive maintenance, but, on the other hand, the costs of corrective maintenance decrease, thus the need for a trade.

This paper reviews the empirical and theoretical literature on economic growth to examine how the four components of the climate change bill, namely mitigation, proactive (ex ante) adaptation, reactive (ex post) adaptation, and ultimate damages of climate change affect growth, especially in developing countries. The authors consider successively the Cass-Koopmans growth model and three major strands of the subsequent literature on growth: with multiple sectors, with rigidities, and with increasing returns. The paper finds that although the growth literature rarely addresses climate change per se, some issues discussed in the growth literature are directly relevant for climate change analysis. Notably, destruction of production factors, or decrease in factor productivity may strongly affect long-run equilibrium growth even in one-sector neoclassical growth models; climatic shocks have had large impacts on growth in developing countries because of rigidities; and the introducing increasing returns has a major impact on growth dynamics, in particular through induced technical change, poverty traps, or lock-ins. Among the most important gaps identified in the literature are lack of understanding of the channels by which shocks affect economic growth, lack of understanding of lock-ins, heavy reliance of numerical models assessing climate policies on neoclassical-type growth frameworks, and frequent use of an inappropriate

A semi-analytical method for the tridimensional thermal-elastic-plastic contact between two hemispherical asperities is proposed. This first part of the paper describes the algorithm used to deal with the normal contact, which can be either load-driven (ld) or displacement-driven (dd). Both formulations use the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method and the Discrete Convolution and Fast Fourier Transform (DC-FFT) technique. A validation of the code is made in the case of the displacement-driven formulation for an elastic-plastic body in contact with a rigid punch, simulating a nano-indentation test. For both formulations (ld and dd) a very good convergence rate is found. Another new feature is the treatment of the contact between two elastic-plastic bodies. The model is first validated through comparison with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The contact pressure distribution, the hydrostatic pressure and the equivalent plastic strain state below the contacting surfaces are also found to be strongly modified in comparison to the case of an elastic-plastic body in contact with a purely elastic body. An application to the tugging between two spherical asperities in simple sliding (dd formulation) is made in part II of the paper.© 2006 ASME

This paper is focused on real banking marketing problem. It is based on association rules mining which is one main problem in knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). However, current methods is limited to extract some particular information and to restore it. Several works were proposed to solve it thanks to user-driven process. In this kind of approach, the whole KDD process is tackled and not only the mining step. KDD design integrates the user at the heart of the process by playing a role of evolutionary heuristic. This paper focuses on the role of the expert and explains his help within the process. We highlight in our works the HCI preponderant significance. Indeed, it merges tacit and explicit knowledge and good results are produced in our application.

This paper presents a methodology called ASDImi for modeling and simulation of complex systems. This object-oriented methodology is related to an application domain and leads to the building of a software components library. It includes incremental and multi-modeling capabilities since first stages of the design, and provides an incremental user modeling process. One of its characteristics is to advocate for the building of a generic knowledge model of a domain and not of a system. This methodology is detailed in the paper, and its application to Urban Traffic Systems(UTS) is also presented.

National audience; In the last few years, many works have been done in order to ensure interoperability between applications. Enterprise applications integration and the opening of information systems towards integrated access have been the main motivation for the interest around systems interoperability. In this Paper, an MDA based approach for interoperability is proposed. The MDA is an approach for systems development, which increases the power of models in that work. It provides a means for using models for better understanding, designing, constructing, deploying, operating, maintaining and modifying systems. The three primary goals of MDA are portability, interoperability and reusability. In this paper we apply the MDA as a formal base that supports our approach for interoperability between different information systems

National audience; The paper starts with the wide variability of nonpoint water nitrogenous pollution generated by agriculture. This variability depends especially on climate, soil types and farming systems. Our interdisciplinary researches, carried out on two different sites in France, show that space and time heterogeneity influence farm practices to be implemented in order to reduce pollution at the standard level. Hence the most cost-effective farm practices are different from one place to another, depending on local characteristics. Therefore this result emphasises the potential efficiency of spatially targeted policies. Theoretically, such policies are considered optimal, since economic agents tune their efforts according to the sensitivity of the milieu where they operate. But, according to empirical analyses, this advantage is counteracted by a high cost of implementation, monitoring and enforcement. In order to maintain the advantage of site-specific policies versus uniform policies, the former have to be implemented at an optimal level of space. This level should at least allow for a trade-off between lower expenses due to an appropriate tuning to the local conditions and heavier costs of decentralised measures. This paper deals with this specific question regarding territorialized policies. It is based on a study of the efficiency of differentiating the way this pollution is regulated, focussed on assessing the importance of spatial variability in physical parameters and in site-specific policies' costs.; Le point de départ de cet article est la grande variabilité de la pollution nitrique diffuse de l'eau due à l'agriculture. Celle-ci dépend en particulier du climat, des types de sol et des systèmes de production agricole. Nos recherches réalisées de façon interdisciplinaire à partir de deux sites différents en France, montrent que cette hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle conditionne les pratiques agricoles mises en œuvre pour réduire la pollution au niveau de la norme admise. De ce fait, les pratiques les plus "coût-efficaces" diffèrent d'un territoire à l'autre, en fonction des caractéristiques locales. Ces résultats mettent donc en évidence une efficacité potentielle d'une territorialisation des politiques publiques. En théorie, de telles politiques sont considérées comme optimales par les économistes, car elles incitent les agents à moduler leurs efforts en fonction de la sensibilité du milieu. Mais, selon les études empiriques, cet avantage serait annulé par un coût élevé de mise en œuvre, de contrôle et de surveillance. Pour maintenir leur avantage sur des politiques uniformes, les politiques territorialisées devraient être mises en œuvre à un niveau spatial optimal. Un tel niveau devrait au minimum atteindre un compromis entre l'économie réalisée grâce à une modulation adaptée aux conditions locales et les sur-coûts dus à la décentralisation des solutions mises en œuvre. Cet article analyse la pertinence d'une prise en compte de ces spécificités par des politiques territorialisées. L'efficacité d'une régulation différenciée de la pollution nitrique est étudiée ici en évaluant l'importance de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres physiques et des coûts de la territorialisation.