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Patents and scientific papers provide an essential source for measuring science and technology output, to be used as a basis for the most varied scientometric analyzes. Authors' and inventors' names are the key identifiers to carry out these analyses, which however, run up against the issue of disambiguation. By extension identifying inventors who are also academic authors is a non-trivial challenge. We propose a method using the International Patent Classification (IPC) and the IPCCAT API to assess the degree of similarity of patents and papers abstracts of a given inventor, in order to match both types of documents. The method is developed and manually qualified based on three corpora of patents extracted from the international EPO database Espacenet. Among a set of 4679 patents and 7720 inventors, we obtain 2501 authors. The proposed algorithm solves the general problem of disambiguation with an error rate lower than 5%., Comment: in French language

Growing awareness of the environmental impact of digital technologies has led to several isolated initiatives to promote sustainable practices. However, despite these efforts, the environmental footprint of generative AI, particularly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption, remains considerable. This contribution first presents the components of this environmental footprint, highlighting the massive CO2 emissions and water consumption associated with training large language models, thus underlining the need to rethink learning and inference methods. The paper also explores the factors and characteristics of models that have an influence on their environmental footprint and demonstrates the existence of solutions to reduce it, such as using more efficient processors or optimising the energy performance of data centres. The potentially harmful effects of AI on the planet and its ecosystem have made environmental protection one of the founding principles of AI ethics at international and European levels. However, this recognition has not yet translated into concrete measures to address it.To address this issue, our contribution puts forward twelve pragmatic recommendations for public action to promote sustainable generative AI, in particular by building a long-term strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for AI models, encouraging international cooperation to set common standards, supporting scientific research and developing appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks.This paper seeks to inform the members of the Interministerial Committee on Generative AI about the environmental challenges of this technology by providing a brief review of the scientific literature on the subject and proposing concrete recommendations of public policy actions to reconcile technological innovation with the need to protect our environment., Comment: in French language

Energy consumption remains the main limiting factors in many promising IoT applications. In particular, micro-controllers consume far too much power. In order to overcome this problem, new circuit designs have been proposed and the use of spiking neurons and analog computing has emerged as it allows a very significant consumption reduction. However, working in the analog domain brings difficulty to handle the sequential processing of incoming signals as is needed in many use cases.In this paper, we propose to use a bio-inspired phenomenon called Interacting Synapses to produce a time filter. We propose a model of synapses that makes the neuron fire for a specific range of delays between two incoming spikes, but not react when this Inter-Spike Timing is not in that range. We study the parameters of the model to understand how to adapt the Inter-Spike Timing. The originality of the paper is to propose a new way, in the analog domain, to deal with temporal sequences., Comment: in French language

This research documents the results of the piloting of an innovative technology with a limited-water fortification parboiling method developed by the University of Arkansas with eleven women rice parboiling cooperatives in Burkina Faso. The technology is easily adaptable to the parboiling method currently used in Burkina Faso (with some modifications), reduces water use and cost of fortificants contributing to food and nutritional security—particularly for women and children—and promotes economic empowerment of women in Burkina Faso. The paper also synthesizes two research papers on consumer preferences and willingness to pay for fortified rice products in Burkina Faso., The results suggest that it is technically feasible to produce fortified rice using the limited-water method and brown rice as a feedstock, particularly for iron and zinc, for which the concentration levels were close to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). From the sensory analysis, although there is nothing particularly wrong with fortified rice, urban and rural consumers preferred conventional and modified parboiled rice; and of all three rice products, consumers were more likely to buy the two rice alternatives rather than fortified rice., The results from the experimental auctions show that most consumers were willing to pay the same price for fortified rice as for the conventional parboiled rice currently available on the market. Results showed that creating awareness on the benefits of fortified rice had a positive impact on consumers’ willingness to pay for it, and this was seen across all income levels. These results highlight the importance of designing an appropriate marketing campaign/awareness-raising to promote the nutritional benefits of fortified rice to increase the consumers’ willingness to pay for it., This study is unique in that, to our knowledge, fortified rice is not available in Burkina Faso, and therefore there is no information about its technical and market feasibility. The results can be used by the government and private and public sector actors to develop strategies for the adoption of fortified rice as another potentially relevant tool to fight malnutrition in Burkina Faso.

Let $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ be an algebraic closure of $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathbb{Q}^{tr}$ be the subfield of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ obtained by taking the union of all totally real number fields. For any prime $p\geq 3$, let $F_p/\mathbb{Q}$ be the Fermat curve of equation $x^p+y^p+z^p=0$. In 1996, Pop has shown that the field $\mathbb{Q}^{tr}$ is large. In particular, the set $F_p(\mathbb{Q}^{tr})$ of the points of $F_p$ rational over $\mathbb{Q}^{tr}$ is infinite. How to explicit non-trivial points $(xyz\neq 0$) in $F_p(\mathbb{Q}^{tr})$ ? If one has $p\geq 5$, it seems that the only points already known in $F_p(\mathbb{Q}^{tr})$ are those of $F_p(\mathbb{Q})$ and they are trivial. In this paper, we investigate this question in case $p=5$. There are no totally real fields whose degree over $\mathbb{Q}$ is at most $5$ over which $F_5$ has non-trivial points. We propose here to explicit infinitely many points of $F_5$ rational over totally real fields of degree $6$ over $\mathbb{Q}$., Comment: in French language

This paper presents the proof-of-concept of the first automatic voice assistant ever built in Wolof language, the main vehicular language spoken in Senegal. This voicebot is the result of a collaborative research project between Orange Innovation in France, Orange Senegal (aka Sonatel) and ADNCorp, a small IT company based in Dakar, Senegal. The purpose of the voicebot is to provide information to Orange customers about the Sargal loyalty program of Orange Senegal by using the most natural mean to communicate: speech. The voicebot receives in input the customer's oral request that is then processed by a SLU system to reply to the customer's request using audio recordings. The first results of this proof-of-concept are encouraging as we achieved 22\% of WER for the ASR task and 78\% of F1-score on the NLU task., Comment: in French language

The graph partitioning problem (GPP) is among the most challenging models in optimization. Because of its NP-hardness, the researchers directed their interest towards approximate methods such as the genetic algorithms (GA). The edge-based GA has shown promising results when solving GPP. However, for big dense instances, the size of the encoding representation becomes too huge and affects GA's efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the impact of modifying the size of the chromosomes on the edge based GA by reducing the GPP edge set. We study the GA performance with different levels of reductions, and we report the obtained results., Comment: This is a slightly modified exended version of a paper (in French) accepted in COSI'17 as a poster. The title of the originel paper is "Ali Chaouche and Menouar Boulif. Codage binaire avec seuil pour la resolution du probleme de partitionnement de graphes avec des algorithmes genetiques"

The objective of this paper is to study the Hausdorff measure, a fundamental concept in fractal geometry. We begin by defining the Hausdorff outer measure, which allows us to assign a measure to any subset of a metric space. We then present Caratheodory's theorem, which characterizes the outer measure in terms of coverings by open sets. We also study the construction of the Hausdorff measure from the outer measure. Next, we introduce the Hausdorff measure proper, which is an extension of the outer measure. We give a formal definition and discuss its properties, such as monotonicity and translation invariance. We also address the notion of Hausdorff dimension, which is a generalization of Euclidean dimension to non-regular sets. Finally, we present an application of the Hausdorff measure to the Cantor ternary set, which is a classic example of a fractal set. We calculate the Hausdorff dimension of this set and show how the Hausdorff measure can be used to quantify the geometric complexity of this object. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the Hausdorff measure, which is an essential concept for understanding fractal geometry and its applications in many scientific fields., Comment: in French language

As part of the Digital Working Group (GTnum) #Scol_IA "Renewal of digital practices and creative uses of digital and AI" we are pleased to present the white paper "Teaching and learning in the era of Artificial Intelligence, Acculturation, integration and creative uses of AI in education". The white paper edited by Margarida Romero, Laurent Heiser and Alexandre Lepage aims to provide the various educational actors with a diversified perspective both on the issues of acculturation and training in AI and on the resources and feedback from the various research teams and organisations. of scientific culture in the French-speaking countries. A multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to consider the perspectives of researchers in computer science as well as those of education and training sciences, information and communication sciences and the expertise of teaching professionals. and scientific mediation., Comment: in French language

Recent advances in material technology and in micro- and nano-electronics have profoundly changed the design of intracranial electrophysiology electrodes. It is now possible to manufacture electrodes that record cortical activity at a spatial resolution that was previously unthinkable. This high spatial resolution enables recording of the functional structures of the brain, and differentiation of the activity of the different types of neurons composing them. In this paper, we present a review of the different types of electrodes now available, and then suggest one of the first applications for such high resolution electrodes, namely a means to better characterise the mechanisms that generate focal seizures in epileptics. Finally, we reflect more broadly on prospects for their future use., Comment: Published in the Fyssen Annals 2021 in French and English. Article in French: pages 1-7. Article in English: pages 7-13

This paper explores two critical infrastructure proposals as alternatives to the current state of the Internet protocols: IPFS (Interplanetary File System) and Scuttlebutt, highlighting the political a priori and debates of these technical enterprises. To do so, I propose to analyze the discourses of the developers of these two systems in the mode of a critical discourse analysis.This article highlights a particular form of criticism of Internet regimes: infrastructural criticism, and highlights its variety through a comparative study. Through these two case studies, we will see how different alternatives to the current spatio-temporal implementations of the Internet allow us to identify the agency dimensions of these acts of hijacking and substitution, characterizing two quite different approaches to decentralized protocols, yet linked by a technical similarity., Comment: in French language

This text is a commentary on the paper "On some ideals of differentiable functions" of Ren{\'e} Thom which appeared in Volume II of his "Oeuvres Math{\'e}matiques" published by the Soci{\'e}t{\'e} math{\'e}matique de France, s{\'e}rie "Documents Math{\'e}matiques", in 2019., Comment: in French language

For specific classes of smooth, projective varieties $X$ over a field $k$, we compare two cycle maps on the torsion subgroup $CH^2(X)_{\text{tors} }$ of the second Chow group. The first one goes back to work of S. Bloch (1981), the second one is Jannsen's cycle map into continuous $\ell$-adic cohomology, whose injectivity properties have attracted attention in two recent papers. On the one hand, the comparison gives sufficient hypotheses to guarantee injectivity of Jannsen's cycle map sending $CH^2(X)$ to $H^4_{cont}(X, Z_{\ell}(2))$ on $\ell$-primary torsion. On the other hand, using counterexamples to injectivity of the first map due to Sansuc and the first author (1983), we give examples of smooth, projective, geometrically rational surfaces over a rational function field in one variable over a totally imaginary number field for which Jannsen's map for $\ell=2$ is not injective on $2$-torsion. This answers questions raised in a recent paper., Comment: 25 pages, in French; added one missing hypothesis in condition (H4) in section 3

There is growing consensus among policymakers, institutions and movements that GDP is not fit for purpose as the pre-eminent economic metric. Alternatives are urgently needed to facilitate the transition to a new economic model that supports a radically more equal, kinder, greener and feminist world in the present, while offering redress for historical damage and inequalities., However, despite growing experimentation, most efforts are insufficiently bold and remain mostly on paper, with only a few notable but relatively small-scale and still-developing exceptions., To dismantle GDP, different social movements will need to coalesce around key metrics that prioritise far greater equality, and align with feminist and decolonial values while challenging the systems of power and narratives that are holding GDP in its dominant place. Only in this way are alternatives likely to deliver the economic transformation needed to put people and planet first., Les responsables politiques, les institutions et divers mouvements s’accordent de plus à plus à dire que le produit intérieur brut (PIB), en tant que principal indicateur de la santé économique, n’est pas un outil satisfaisant. Il est urgent de trouver des alternatives pour la transition vers un nouveau modèle économique favorisant un monde radicalement plus égalitaire, bienveillant, vert et féministe et proposant des mesures de réparation des dommages causés par le passé et des inégalités qui en découlent. Toutefois, malgré de nombreuses expériences, la plupart de celles-ci manquent d’ambition et ne sont pas appliquées, à l’exception de rares propositions en cours de développement, notables mais d’envergure relativement restreinte. Pour détrôner le PIB, divers mouvements sociaux devront travailler à la création d’indicateurs clés qui privilégieront l’égalité, intégreront les valeurs féministes et décoloniales et remettront en question les systèmes de pouvoir et les discours qui perpétuent l’utilisation du PIB. C’est la seule manière pour ces alternatives d’entraîner la transformation économique indispensable pour protéger la planète et les êtres humains avant tout.

Let $G=(V,A)$ be a digraph. For $X\subseteq V$, the subdigraph of $G$ induced by $X$ is denoted by $G[X]$. A subset $I$ of $V$ is an interval of $G$ if for every $a,b \in I$ and $x \in V \setminus I$, $(x,a) \in A$ if and only if $(x,b) \in A$, and similarly for $(a,x)$ and $(b,x)$. The trivial intervals of $G$ are $\varnothing$, $V$ and $\lbrace x\rbrace$, where $x\in V$. The digraph $G$ is indecomposable if $| V(G)|\geqslant 3$ and all its intervals are trivial. Given an indecomposable digraph $G$, a vertex $x$ of $G$ is critical, if the induced subdigraph $G[V(G) \setminus \{x\}]$ is decomposable. The digraph $G$ is said to be (-1)-critical if it admits a single non-critical vertex. A poset (or a strict partial order) is a transitive digraph. In this paper, We characterize the (-1)-critical posets., Comment: 15 pages, in French language, 6 figures

This paper reviews and synthesizes three research papers that look at gender-responsive budgeting in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Tanzania, with the aim of drawing out common themes and lessons learned on what it takes to ensure well-functioning gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) and how it can benefit women small-scale farmers. While Ethiopia, Ghana, and Tanzania are not countries that systematically and efficiently practice GRB, the in-depth look at the challenges and successes of GRB in each of these countries provides some helpful insights. After a brief background section summarizing the history of GRB in each country, this paper outlines the lessons learned in five categories: Setting up government practices, systems, and structures for gender-responsive budgeting; Designing a more gender-responsive budgeting process; Engaging citizens in the budgeting process; Envisioning gender-responsive budgeting outcomes; and Identifying best practices in GRB advocacy by NGOs.

Obtaining a rigorous justification of the kinetic theory of gases from Newton's second law of dynamics for a large number of identical spheres interacting by elastic binary collisions, is a problem formulated by Hilbert in 1900 (Hilbert's 6th problem). In 1975, Lanford demonstrated the validity of the Boltzmann equation over a very short time interval, of the order of a fraction of the average time between two successive collisions experienced by the same particle. This result of Lanford can be interpreted as a kind of law of large numbers as the number of particles tends to infinity. This point of view raises several questions. First, the core of the argument used by Boltzmann to arrive at the equation bearing his name is the assumption that two particles about to collide are statistically almost independent. This suggests to examine the validity of this hypothesis by studying the dynamics of correlations between particles. On the other hand, the interpretation of the Boltzmann equation as a law of large numbers leads to study precisely the fluctuations of the phase space empirical measure of the particle system about its mean (whose evolution is described by the Boltzmann equation). A series of recent papers by T. Bodineau, I. Gallagher, L. Saint-Raymond and S. Simonella answers these various questions and allows going beyond the Boltzmann equation in the understanding of the kinetic theory of gases., Comment: 53 pages, in French language, 3 figures. Bourbaki seminar, November 19th 2022

We prove constructively a Nullstellensatz giving an equivalence between the existence of a certain kind of algebraic identity on one hand, and the impossibility of finding an increasing sequence of irreducible varieties obeying certain constraints on the other hand. The ususal Nullstellensatz corresponds to the case of varieties that are reduced to a point. We settle also a similar formal Nullstellensatz related to increasing sequences of primes. An important particular case is given by the notion of pseudo regular sequence. This allows a new characterisation of the Krull dimension of a ring. This characterisation via pseudo regular sequences is elementary and constructive. Our method uses dynamical algebraic structures which were introduced in previous papers., Comment: in French language

Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a widely used iterative algorithm for computing maximum likelihood estimate when dealing with Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). When the sample size is smaller than the data dimension, this could lead to a singular or poorly conditioned covariance matrix and, thus, to performance reduction. This paper presents a regularized version of the EM algorithm that efficiently uses prior knowledge to cope with a small sample size. This method aims to maximize a penalized GMM likelihood where regularized estimation may ensure positive definiteness of covariance matrix updates by shrinking the estimators towards some structured target covariance matrices. Finally, experiments on real data highlight the good performance of the proposed algorithm for clustering purposes, Comment: in French language

Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (LDA and QDA) are well-known classical methods but can heavily suffer from non-Gaussian distributions and/or contaminated datasets, mainly because of the underlying Gaussian assumption that is not robust. This paper studies the robustness to scale changes in the data of a new discriminant analysis technique where each data point is drawn by its own arbitrary Elliptically Symmetrical (ES) distribution and its own arbitrary scale parameter. Such a model allows for possibly very heterogeneous, independent but non-identically distributed samples. The new decision rule derived is simple, fast, and robust to scale changes in the data compared to other state-of-the-art method, Comment: in French language

Many matrices associated with fast transforms posess a certain low-rank property characterized by the existence of several block partitionings of the matrix, where each block is of low rank. Provided that these partitionings are known, there exist algorithms, called butterfly factorization algorithms, that approximate the matrix into a product of sparse factors, thus enabling a rapid evaluation of the associated linear operator. This paper proposes a new method to identify algebraically these block partitionings for a matrix admitting a butterfly factorization, without any analytical assumption on its entries., Comment: in French language. XXIX{\`e}me Colloque Francophone de Traitement du Signal et des Images, Aug 2023, Grenoble, France

Cet article propose une m\'ethode pour d\'efinir une forme graphique \'editable standardis\'ee pour les langues des signes, ainsi qu'une proposition "AZVD" et un \'editeur logiciel associ\'e. Inspir\'ee d'une part par les r\'egularit\'es observ\'ees dans les pratiques spontan\'ees de locuteurs pratiquant la sch\'ematisation, la d\'emarche tente garantir un syst\`eme qualifi\'e d'adoptable. Li\'ee d'autre part au mod\`ele formel de repr\'esentation AZee, elle vise \'egalement \`a sp\'ecifier un syst\`eme dont toutes les productions ont une lecture d\'etermin\'ee au point o\`u elles sont automatiquement synth\'etisables par un avatar. -- This paper proposes a definition method for an editable standard graphical form of Sign Language discourse representation. It also puts forward a tentative system "AZVD", and presents an associated software editor. The system is inspired by the regularities observed in spontaneous diagrams produced by some language users, in order to make it as adoptable as possible. Moreover, it is built upon the formal representation model AZee, so that any graphical instance produced by the system determines its own read-out form, to the point that they can be automatically synthesised by an avatar., Comment: in French language

Knowledge graphs in RDF model entities and their relations using ontologies, and have gained popularity for information modeling. In recommender systems, knowledge graphs help represent more links and relationships between users and items. Constraint-based recommender systems leverage deep recommendation knowledge to identify relevant suggestions. When combined with knowledge graphs, they offer benefits in constraint sets. This paper explores a constraint-based recommender system using RDF knowledge graphs for the vehicle purchase/sale domain. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach efficiently identifies recommendations based on user preferences., Comment: in French language

The main aim of this paper is the Hopficity of module classes, the study of modules (rings) by properties of their endomorphisms is a classical research subject. In 1986, Hiremath \cite{Hi} introduced the concepts of Hopfian modules and rings, the notion of Hopfian modules are defined as a generalization of modules of finite length as the modules whose surjective endomorphisms are isomorphisms. Later, the dual concepts co-Hopfian modules and rings were given. Hopfian and co-Hopfian modules (rings) have been investigated by several authors. For example, Hiremath \cite{Hi}, Varadarajan \cite{Va}, \cite{Va1}, Xue \cite{Xu}, Haghany \cite{Hag}, Liu \cite{Li}, and Yang and Liu \cite{Yl}. In 2001, Haghany and Vedadi \cite{Ha}, and in 2002, Ghorbani and Haghany \cite{Gh}, respectively, introduced and investigated the weakly co-Hopfian and generalized Hopfian modules. These modules and several generalizations of them are extensively studied also by several authors., Comment: in French language

The paper deals with the resolution of third and fourth degree equations by means of radicals. It is a survey of some historical details about this fundamental problem. Moreover, it explains practical methods for the resolution of third and fourth degree equation through the algebraic side and we introduce some results about the equations of greater degree. Mathematicians and complex numbers and the results of rules of calculations as well as having completed the theory of equations model Mathematics in different historical and chronological contexts at several levels of research. The subject would join a reference auditorium for authors, teachers and students at a time when the context of collocation favors algebraic equations and radical solutions., Comment: in French language, a translation of: On the Resolution of Third and Fourth Degree Equations

In this article, we present {\it GenderedNews} (\url{https://gendered-news.imag.fr}), an online dashboard which gives weekly measures of gender imbalance in French online press. We use Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to quantify gender inequalities in the media, in the wake of global projects like the Global Media Monitoring Project. Such projects are instrumental in highlighting gender imbalance in the media and its very slow evolution. However, their generalisation is limited by their sampling and cost in terms of time, data and staff. Automation allows us to offer complementary measures to quantify inequalities in gender representation. We understand representation as the presence and distribution of men and women mentioned and quoted in the news -- as opposed to representation as stereotypification. In this paper, we first review different means adopted by previous studies on gender inequality in the media : qualitative content analysis, quantitative content analysis and computational methods. We then detail the methods adopted by {\it GenderedNews} and the two metrics implemented: the masculinity rate of mentions and the proportion of men quoted in online news. We describe the data collected daily (seven main titles of French online news media) and the methodology behind our metrics, as well as a few visualisations. We finally propose to illustrate possible analysis of our data by conducting an in-depth observation of a sample of two months of our database., Comment: Paper in French

The \S 2 of our work "Sous-groupe de Brauer invariant et obstruction de descente it\'er\'ee" uses a statement about the degree two K\"unneth formula proved by Skorobogatov and Zarhin in their paper "The Brauer group and the Brauer-Manin set of products of varieties". Recently they find that this statement is not correct (see their Corrigendum). We correct \S 2 of our paper. The rest of our paper is still correct., Comment: In French

One of the challenges of telepresence robotics is to provide ubiquitous social-interpersonalimmersion. In order to achieve this, there is a need to understand and model the factors that wouldallow the users to control the transmission of their vocal productions, and to give them perception,proprioception and inter-proprioception of this control. This model for transferring sociallyembodied vocal distance should take into account all parameters involved in the social-interpersonaleffect of vocal productions, especially intensity. It should also integrate the background informationwhich is relevant for the speakers to express their intentions. In this paper, we present a firstexperiment for measuring, analyzing and modeling how human beings perceive the distance to aninterlocutor, depending on socio-affective variations in the vocal productions of this interlocutor.These results will be the reference for the models which will be implanted in our telepresence robot:Robair Social Touch., Comment: in French language

Due to its ability to generate millions of particles, massively detailed scenes and confusing artificial illumination with reality, the version 5 of Unreal Engine promises unprecedented industrial applications. The paradigms and aims of Unreal Engine contrast with the industrial simulators typically used by the scientific community. The visual quality and performance of its rendering engine increase the opportunities, especially for industries and simulation business: where interoperability and scalability are required. The study of the following issue `` Which architecture should we implement to integrate real-world data, in an Unreal Engine 5 simulator and in a mixed-reality environment? '' offers a point of view. The topic is reexamined in an innovative and conceptual way, such as the generalization of mixedreality technologies, Internet of Things, digital twins, Big Data but providing a solution for simple and actual use cases. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the issue, at both theoretical and operational level. Then, the document goes deep into Unreal Engine's operation in order to extract the vanilla capabilities. Next, the C++ Plugin system is reviewed in details as well as the third-party library integration: pitfalls to be avoided are shown. Finally, the last chapter proposes a generic architecture, useful in large-scale industrial 3D applications, such as collaborative work or hyper-connected simulators. This document might be of interest to an Unreal Engine expert who would like to discover about server architectures. Conversely, it could be relevant for an expert in backend servers who wants to learn about Unreal Engine capabilities. This research concludes that Unreal Engine's modularity enables integration with almost any protocol. The features to integrate external real data are numerous but depend on use cases. Distributed systems for Big Data require a scalable architecture, possibly without the use of the Unreal Engine dedicated server. Environments, which require sub-second latency need to implement direct connections, bypassing any intermediate servers., Comment: in French language

"Data is the new oil", in short, data would be the essential source of the ongoing fourth industrial revolution, which has led some commentators to assimilate too quickly the quantity of data to a source of wealth in itself, and consider the development of big data as an quasi direct cause of profit. Human resources management is not escaping this trend, and the accumulation of large amounts of data on employees is perceived by some entrepreneurs as a necessary and sufficient condition for the construction of predictive models of complex work behaviors such as absenteeism or job performance. In fact, the analogy is somewhat misleading: unlike oil, there are no major issues here concerning the production of data (whose flows are generated continuously and at low cost by various information systems), but rather their ''refining'', i.e. the operations necessary to transform this data into a useful product, namely into knowledge. This transformation is where the methodological challenges of data valuation lie, both for practitioners and for academic researchers. Considerations on the methods applicable to take advantage of the possibilities offered by these massive data are relatively recent, and often highlight the disruptive aspect of the current ''data deluge'' to point out that this evolution would be the source of a revival of empiricism in a ''fourth paradigm'' based on the intensive and ''agnostic'' exploitation of massive amounts of data in order to bring out new knowledge, following a purely inductive logic. Although we do not adopt this speculative point of view, it is clear that data-driven approaches are scarce in quantitative HRM studies. However, there are well-established methods, particularly in the field of data mining, which are based on inductive approaches. This area of quantitative analysis with an inductive aim is still relatively unexplored in HRM ( apart from typological analyses). The objective of this paper is first to give an overview of data driven methods that can be used for HRM research, before proposing an empirical illustration which consists in an exploratory research combining a latent profile analysis and an exploration by Gaussian graphical models., Comment: in French Language. 33{\`e}me congr{\`e}s de l'AGRH (association francophone de gestion des resources humaines), Unversit{\'e} de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Oct 2022, Brest, France

We prove the Hasse principle for a smooth proper model of a geometrically integral non-conical intersection of two quadrics in the projective space of dimension 7 over a number field. This result generalizes the result of Heath-Brown who established the statement in the smooth case. Our argument is built upon the ideas of Colliot-Th\'el\`ene and the fibration method for zero-cycles in the form of Harpaz-Wittenberg., Comment: Paper in French, 21 pages

My research-creation process coincides with the encounter with the ''digital paradigm'' and the attempt to incorporate it into the foundation of my scenic writing. I propose in this paper to give an account from a director point of view of how I realized my shows between 2000 and 2007 and which researches influenced the process. I will formulate some remarks on the fragilities that can arise in a ''technological laboratory of staging''., Comment: in French language

Reproducible images preprocessing is important in the field of computer vision, for efficient algorithms comparison or for new images corpus preparation. In this paper, we propose a method to obtain an explicit and ordered sequence of transformations that improves a given image: the computation is performed via a nature-inspired optimization algorithm based on quality assessment techniques. Preliminary tests show the impact of the approach on different state-of-the-art data sets. -- L'application de pr\'etraitements explicites et reproductibles est fondamentale dans le domaine de la vision par ordinateur, pour pouvoir comparer efficacement des algorithmes ou pour pr\'eparer un nouveau corpus d'images. Dans cet article, nous proposons une m\'ethode pour obtenir une s\'equence reproductible de transformations qui am\'eliore une image donn\'ee: le calcul est r\'ealis\'e via un algorithme d'optimisation inspir\'ee par la nature et bas\'e sur des techniques d'\'evaluation de la qualit\'e. Des tests montrent l'impact de l'approche sur diff\'erents ensembles d'images de l'\'etat de l'art., Comment: 8 pages, in French language

Bringing a feminist intent to research, monitoring and evaluation practices leads to defining these as tools to contribute to transforming the lives of women, girls and non-binary people, and to bringing about social justice. This has meant putting gender and power at the centre of our practice, which has in turn shaped the technical choices made specifically in quantitative impact evaluations. This paper focuses on describing how these technical choices, as well as ethical considerations, are changed by this feminist intent. The paper also presents the lessons learned and questions raised along the way, which may be useful for MEAL and research practitioners, as well as programme managers. How can we bring intersectionality to the fore? What does it mean to go beyond the gender binary? How can this work be transformative?

Let $d(n) \subset \mathbb{N}$ be the set of the $\tau(n)$ divisors of $n$. We generalize a method of Tenenbaum and de la Bret\`eche for the study of the set $d(n)$. Among other things, we establish that $$ |\{(d_1,d_2,d_3) \in d(n)^3 : d_1+d_2=d_3\}| \le \tau(n)^{2-\delta} $$ with $\delta=0.045072$., Comment: in French language

We study in an explicit manner the partial sums of the multiplicative inverse of the Riemann zeta function and its derivative., Comment: 14 pages, in French

Although counterfactual explanations are a popular approach to explain ML black-box classifiers, they are less widespread in NLP. Most methods find those explanations by iteratively perturbing the target document until it is classified differently by the black box. We identify two main families of counterfactual explanation methods in the literature, namely, (a) \emph{transparent} methods that perturb the target by adding, removing, or replacing words, and (b) \emph{opaque} approaches that project the target document into a latent, non-interpretable space where the perturbation is carried out subsequently. This article offers a comparative study of the performance of these two families of methods on three classical NLP tasks. Our empirical evidence shows that opaque approaches can be an overkill for downstream applications such as fake news detection or sentiment analysis since they add an additional level of complexity with no significant performance gain. These observations motivate our discussion, which raises the question of whether it makes sense to explain a black box using another black box., Comment: This article was originally published in French at the Journal TAL. VOL 64 n{\deg}3/2023. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2402.10888

In the era of globalization and digital networks, the so-called ''minored'' or ''endangered'' languages are facing a twofold dilemma: either succeed in their digital modernity by accepting a ''painful'' linguistic management or slide towards a slow extinction in front of hegemonic and ''predatory'' languages which dominate the digital networks.Oral languages and minored not-Romanized writings are the most concerned by the protective measures of the cultural and linguistic diversity on the Internet. Digital broadcasting and the Unicode multi-writing encoding system are providing them with innovative, consensual, and standardized alternatives to survive. Then, it depends on the synergy that their communities of practice will generate to place them at the heart of the debate on the digital divide., Comment: in French language

Terminology and lexicography standardization is a fundamental issue that is becoming increasingly important in the era of multilingual globalization and particularly, from our standpoint, the era of terminotics and translation. The challenges of multilingual globalization and e-semantics directly impact standardization methods: Development and perspectives of standards for ''Terminology and other language and content resources'' (the title of ISO-TC37); Development and future of all standardization fields that develop terminology (or vocabulary) most often multilingual, serving as the basis for their development and acting as a reference totheir use. In the first part of our presentation, we will first point out the normative aspects of standardization in terminology and especially terminotics. In the second part, we will present a brief overview of terminology standardization projects and their rationale, In the third part, we will develop the specific issue of ICTE. We will focus on our involvement in this field, on our assumptions and values of methods. We will set out our theoretical and technical developments underway and will conclude with our needs for collaboration with your academic community., Comment: in French language

Let $I(b,d,k)$ be the subseries of the harmonic series keeping only those denominators having exactly $k$ occurrences of the digit $d$ in base $b$. We prove the existence of an asymptotic development to all orders in descending powers of $b$, for $d$ and $k$ fixed, of $I(b,d,k)-b \log(b)$ or rather, if $k=0$ and $d>0$, of $I(b,d,0)- (b\log(b) - b\log(1+1/d))$. We give explicitly, according to cases, the first four or first five terms. The coefficients of these developments involve the values of the Riemann zeta function at positive integers., Comment: 33 pages. In French

The digital document evolves rapidly and spectacularly in its structure and information content conveyed on networks and information systems. Generally understood as a neutral support for information carrying a semantic value, the digital document nevertheless carries parameters that denote certain cultural and linguistic values specific to its creator. This document attempts to emphasize some technical aspects that reflect this intrinsic identity of electronic documents. The objective is to define a set of parameters and recommendations capable of preserving the digital document a cultural and linguistic identity which will identify it to its potential users in open and distributed information systems. Ultimately, it aims to offer "good practice" recommendations for producers of fully or partially Arabic digital documents., Comment: in French language. Les documents {\'e}lectroniques de l'utilisation courante {\`a} la m{\'e}moire num{\'e}rique, Les Archives nationales de Tunisie, May 2005, Tunis, Tunisie

Which visual descriptors are suitable for multi-modal interaction and how to integrate them via real-time video data analysis into a corpus-based concatenative synthesis sound system., Comment: in French language

E-learning is becoming a global phenomenon. Learning Arabic (or Arabic dialects), or learning one or several variants of Berber can be understood from a very local perspective (in the Maghreb for instance) or in the wider framework of the diaspora or even more broadly in a global world context (in case a Japanese or a Russian learns Arabic and Berber). Resources for distance learning must then be created and potentially used in any international cultural and linguistic context. This implies that the resources created for such perspective should cope with the general standards framework of the ISO / IEC JTC1SC36, and even beyond the scope of this standardization instance., Comment: in French language. Colloque international sur les TICE et les m{\'e}thodes d'enseignement/apprentissage des langues, CNPLET (Alger) et Laboratoire PARAGRAPHE (Paris), May 2009, Tipaza, Alg{\'e}rie

We are convinced of the usefulness of sketches and diagrams during mathematical work but the observation is made in our practices that they are not spontaneously used by students. In order to study the understanding and use of sketches by mathematics students, we designed and then proposed a test at different university levels. The test consists of five exercises.The first concerns different representation registers of a set of numbers, the second on a graphic proof of an implicative algebraic proposition and the last three on the graphic approch to the notions of injectivity, surjectivity, bijectivity in the context of the analysis. The sketches, proposed or requested in each exercise, are intended to be aids to changes of register and reasoning. We present what motivated the choices and developments of the exercises then we analyze the results of these tests. In each case, we see difficulties in understanding and the sketches proposed, which leads to think that the sketch must be the subject of specific work at the university level., Comment: in French language

Polymers are increasingly used in the transport sector due to their many advantages; lightness, corrosion resistance, ease to process... However, most of them have limited mechanical properties. To improve these latter, one of the solutions is the addition of nano-reinforcements, this type of material is called nanocomposite. The particularity of these nanocomposites comes from the influence of the interphase, which is an interaction zone between the nanofillers and the matrix. It is therefore imperative to take it into account in the mechanical prediction models.Several analytical schemes are available to study nanocomposites. Some models use a serial or parallel representation of the phases (rule of mixture, Ji model, ...), while others rely on the mean field homogenization approach (Eshelby, Self-consistent, Mori-Tanaka, Double Inclusion, ...).However, directly observing the interphase and its properties experimentally is complex due to its size. Consequently, it is laborious to check the consistency of its consideration in analytical schemes. To compare these schemes, some limit cases of the interphase are studied. A numerical model is also used as a reference for two nanocomposites with distinct interphases., Comment: in French language. Journ{\'e}es Nationales sur les Composites (JNC) 2023, Association pour les Mat{\'e}riaux Composites (AMAC), Jul 2023, Besan\c{c}on, France

In Search of the Wave is a computer-generated film made in 2013, highlighting the computation of images through computer simulation, and through text and voice. Originating from a screening of the film at the Gustave Eiffel University, the article presents a reflection on research-creation in and from algorithmic images. Fundamentally, what is it in this research-creation -- especially in research on algorithmic imagery -- that can be set in motion? Without fully distinguishing between what would be research on one hand and creation on the other, we focus on characterizing forms, aesthetics, or theories that contribute to possible shifts. The inventory of these possibilities is precisely the challenge of the text: from mathematics to image and visualization, from the birth of generative aesthetics to the coding related to pioneering works (recoding), or from indexing new aesthetics to new forms of critical production., Comment: in French language

The development of digital humanities has opened new perspectives in the history of Islam: whether dealing with thin or sometimes vast source corpora (such as S\=ira, al-Tbar\=i, al-Dahab\=i, etc.), these tools allow us to approach texts much more effectively from a statistical perspective, in order to support more general hypotheses and move beyond case studies. Drawing on the work of a number of researchers as well as our own, we propose to study the potentialities and limitations posed by computer methods for the history of medieval Islam, keeping in mind that the conclusions may prove useful to researchers of other periods. We will particularly emphasize two tools: the construction and use of relational databases, and more recently, the tagging of sources, with the stated goal of addressing some of the problems posed by the previous method., Comment: in French language

The article aims at identifying what, from a structural point of view, AI based automatic translators cannot fully capture. It focuses on the machine's mistakes, in order to try to explain its causes. The biblical story of Ca\"in and Abel has been chosen because of its rich interpretive and critical tradition, but also because of its semantic difficulty. The investigation begins with the observation, for the translation of this text, of the language pairs and interfaces offered by the best known machine translation services (Google Translate, DeepL). A typology of the most frequent translation errors is then established. Finally, contemporary translations are compared, in order to underline the unique contribution of each. In conclusion, the article suggests a revision of translation theory and, corArtificial Intelligence, Translation, Limitations, Interpretation, Comparison, Unicityelatively, a reformulation of its technology concerning cultural texts., Comment: in French language

Given the increasing pressures exerted by climate change on small-scale agriculture, the importance of participatory modelling methodologies that can consider both the human and environmental components of these systems has become more and more evident. The current study presents a socioeconomic system dynamics model of the food and environmental systems of the predominantly Indigenous region of Tz'ol{\"o}j Ya', Guatemala. The model was built in a participatory manner with stakeholders from the region and was then coupled to an external crop growth model before being applied to the analysis of the impact of future climate change and its potential interactions with various stakeholder-proposed policies. The analysis identified several feedback loops between environmental and human components of the system that can lead to counterintuitive responses to the proposed policies. At the same time, the use of an external crop growth model allowed for a more realistic, yet still easily implementable, representation of the impacts of climate change on crop production. This analysis is the first to use a socioeconomic system dynamics model coupled with an external crop growth model to analyse food security in the context of a local socio-environmental food system., Comment: in French language

The digitisation campaigns carried out by libraries and archives in recent years have facilitated access to documents in their collections. However, exploring and exploiting these documents remain difficult tasks due to the sheer quantity of documents available for consultation. In this article, we show how the semantic annotation of the textual content of study corpora of archival documents allow to facilitate their exploitation and valorisation. First, we present a methodological framework for the construction of new interfaces based on textual semantics, then address the current technological obstacles and their potential solutions. We conclude by presenting a practical case of the application of this framework., Comment: in French language. CiDE.23: Document et archivage: pratiques formelles et informelles, Oct 2023, Grenoble, France