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192 results on '"Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)"'

1. Siberian carbon sink reduced by forest disturbances

Author: Lei Fan, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Ciais, Jérome Chave, Martin Brandt, Stephen Sitch, Chao Yue, Ana Bastos, Xin Li, Yuanwei Qin, Wenping Yuan, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Liudmila Mukhortova, Xiaojun Li, Xiangzhuo Liu, Mengjia Wang, Frédéric Frappart, Xiangming Xiao, Jingming Chen, Mingguo Ma, Jianguang Wen, Xiuzhi Chen, Hui Yang, Dave van Wees, Rasmus Fensholt, Southwest University [Chongqing], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Northwest A and F University, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), University of Toronto, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), and Earth Sciences
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract: International audience; Siberian forests are generally thought to have acted as an important carbon sink over recent decades, but exposure to severe droughts and fire disturbances may have impacted their carbon dynamics. Limited available forest inventories mean the carbon balance remains uncertain. Here we analyse annual live and dead above-ground carbon changes derived from low-frequency passive microwave observations from 2010 to 2019. We find that during this period, the carbon balance of Siberian forests was close to neutral, with the forests acting as a small carbon sink of +0.02+0.03+0.01 PgC yr−1. Carbon storage in dead wood increased, but this was largely offset by a decrease in live biomass. Substantial losses of live above-ground carbon are attributed to fire and drought, such as the widespread fires in northern Siberia in 2012 and extreme drought in eastern Siberia in 2015. These live above-ground carbon losses contrast with ‘greening’ trends seen in leaf area index over the same period, a decoupling explained by faster post-disturbance recovery of leaf area than live above-ground carbon. Our study highlights the vulnerability of large forest carbon stores in Siberia to climate-induced disturbances, challenging the persistence of the carbon sink in this region of the globe.
Published: 2023

2. Identification and differential expression analysis of MicroRNAs encoded by Tiger Frog Virus in cross-species infection in vitro

Author: Chang-Jun Guo, Ji-Min Yuan, Jianguo He, Jian He, Shaoping Weng, Yong-Shun Chen, Dupuis, Christine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering [Guangzhou, China], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)-South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center [Guangzhou, China], State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol [Guangzhou, China], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals [Guangzhou, China]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Iridoviridae, Ranavirus, Deep sequencing, Virus, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Gene expression, microRNA, Humans, Northern blot, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Research, Gene Expression Profiling, Computational Biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, MicroRNA, Hep G2 Cells, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Tiger frog virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, DNA, Cross-species infection
Abstract: Background Tiger frog virus (TFV), dsDNA virus of the genus Ranavirus and family Iridoviridae, causes a high mortality of tiger frog tadpoles cultured in Southern China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in many viruses especially DNA viruses such as Singapore Grouper Iridoviruses (SGIV). MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression for virus subsistence in host. Considering that TFV infects cells of different species under laboratory conditions, we aim to identify the specific and essential miRNAs expressed in ZF4 and HepG2 cells. Methods We identified and predicted novel viral miRNAs in TFV-infected ZF4 and HepG2 cells by deep sequencing and software prediction. Then, we verified and described the expression patterns of TFV-encoded miRNAs by using qRT-PCR and Northern blot. Results Deep sequencing predicted 24 novel TFV-encoded miRNAs, and qRT-PCR verified 19 and 23 miRNAs in TFV-infected ZF4 (Group Z) and HepG2 (Group H) cells, respectively. Northern blot was performed to validate eight and five TFV-encoded miRNAs in Groups H and Z, respectively. We compared the expression of TFV-encoded miRNAs from two groups and defined TFV-miR-11 as the essential viral miRNA and TFV-miR-13 and TFV-miR-14 as the specific miRNAs that contribute to HepG2 cell infection. Conclusions We identified novel viral miRNAs and compared their expression in two host cells. The results of this study provide novel insights into the role of viral miRNAs in cross-species infection in vitro. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0530-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016

3. An Inversion Algorithm for the Dynamic Modulus of Concrete Pavement Structures Based on a Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Gongfa Chen, Xuedi Chen, Linqing Yang, Zejun Han, David Bassir, Guangdong University of Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (CB), Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and BASSIR, DAVID
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, pavement structure, dynamic modulus, convolution neural network, inversion algorithm, falling weight deflectometer, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, [MATH] Mathematics [math], Computer Science Applications, [STAT] Statistics [stat], [STAT]Statistics [stat], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Materials Science, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Instrumentation
Abstract: International audience; Based on the spectral element method (SEM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN), an inversion algorithm for the dynamic modulus of concrete pavement structures is proposed in this paper. In order to evaluate the service performance of pavement structures more systematically and accurately via the existing testing techniques using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD), it is necessary to obtain accurate dynamic modulus parameters of the structures. In this work, an inversion algorithm for predicting the dynamic modulus is established by using a CNN which is trained with the dynamic response samples of a multi-layered concrete pavement structure obtained through SEM. The gradient descent method is used to adjust the weight parameters in the network layer by layer in reverse. As a result, the accuracy of the CNN can be improved via iterative training. With the proposed algorithm, more accurate results of the dynamic modulus of pavement structures are obtained. The accuracy and numerical stability of the proposed algorithm are verified by several numerical examples. The dynamic modulus and thickness of concrete pavement structure layers can be accurately predicted by the CNN trained with a certain number of training samples based on the displacement curve of the deflection basin from the falling weight deflectometer. The proposed method can provide a reliable testing tool for the FWD technique of pavement structures.
Published: 2023

4. Gut-specific telomerase expression counteracts systemic aging in telomerase-deficient zebrafish

Author: Mounir El Maï, Malia Bird, Asma Allouche, Seniye Targen, Naz Şerifoğlu, Bruno Lopes-Bastos, Jean-Marie Guigonis, Da Kang, Thierry Pourcher, Jia-Xing Yue, Miguel Godinho Ferreira, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric JOLIOT (JOLIOT), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), and Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
Subjects: Aging, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract: Telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and is counteracted by telomerase. As in humans, the zebrafish gut is one of the organs with the fastest rate of telomere decline, triggering early tissue dysfunction during normal zebrafish aging and in prematurely aged telomerase mutants. However, whether telomere-dependent aging of an individual organ, the gut, causes systemic aging is unknown. Here we show that tissue-specific telomerase expression in the gut can prevent telomere shortening and rescues premature aging of tert−/−. Induction of telomerase rescues gut senescence and low cell proliferation, while restoring tissue integrity, inflammation and age-dependent microbiota dysbiosis. Averting gut aging causes systemic beneficial impacts, rescuing aging of distant organs such as reproductive and hematopoietic systems. Conclusively, we show that gut-specific telomerase expression extends the lifespan of tert−/− by 40%, while ameliorating natural aging. Our work demonstrates that gut-specific rescue of telomerase expression leading to telomere elongation is sufficient to systemically counteract aging in zebrafish.
Published: 2023

5. Sums of even ascending powers

Author: Kuan, Chan Ieong, Lesesvre, Didier, Xiao, Xuanxuan, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université de Lille, and Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST)
Subjects: Mathematics - Number Theory, FOS: Mathematics, 11P05, 11P55, Number Theory (math.NT), [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: Freiman and Scourfield proved that any large enough integer can be written as a sum of a certain number of ascending even powers. We use the circle method to provide the first explicit bound on this number, and show that any large enough integer can be written as a sum of 133 ascending even powers., Comment: 20 pages
Published: 2022

6. Quadratic Twists of Central Values For GL(3)

Author: Chan Ieong Kuan, Didier Lesesvre, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Université de Lille
Subjects: General Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: We prove that a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GL}(3)$ over any number field is determined by the quadratic twists of its central value. In the case π is not a Gelbart–Jacquet lift, the result is conditional on the analytic behavior of a certain Euler product. We deduce the nonvanishing of infinitely many quadratic twists of central values. This generalizes a result of Chinta and Diaconu that was valid only over Q and explored only for Gelbart–Jacquet lifts.
Published: 2022

7. What can the Glasgow Declaration on Forests bring to global emission reduction?

Author: Yakun Zhu, Daju Wang, Pete Smith, Philippe Ciais, Shilong Piao, Wenping Yuan, Zhangcai Qin, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Aberdeen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Peking University [Beijing]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Commentary; International audience; The Glasgow Declaration on Forests signed at the recent UN Climate Change Conference (COP 26) committed to halting forest loss by 2030. 141 countries and regions, collectively covering over 90% of global forest, endorsed this declaration. Avoiding forest loss can generally contribute to climate change mitigation; however, the impacts of the declaration on global carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) emission reduction are still unclear. Here we show that the Glasgow Declaration, if implemented fully and in a timely fashion, could reduce 123 Gt CO$_2$ of emission from 2021 to 2050. This study also highlights that any delays in implementing the declaration would decrease the avoided emission. Although the Glasgow Declaration is a milestone for mitigating climate change, the more ambitious afforestation plan is urgently needed to keep the global temperature rise to below 1.5°C relative to pre-industrial levels.
Published: 2022

8. Observations and Implications of Diurnal Climatology and Trends in Direct and Diffuse Solar Radiation Over China

Author: Yawen Wang, Jiahua Zhang, Jörg Trentmann, Stephanie Fiedler, Su Yang, Arturo Sanchez‐Lorenzo, Katsumasa Tanaka, Wenping Yuan, Martin Wild, Ocean University of China (OUC), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics (EPP), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Solar radiation received at the Earth's surface (Rs) is comprised of two components, the direct radiation (Rd) and the diffuse radiation (Rf). Rd, the direct beam from the sun, is essential for concentrated solar power generation. Rf, scattered by atmospheric molecules, aerosols, or cloud droplets, has a fertilization effect on plant photosynthesis. But how Rd and Rf change diurnally is largely unknown owing to the lack of long-term measurements. Taking advantage of 22 years of homogeneous hourly surface observations over China, this study documents the climatological means and evolutions in the diurnal cycles of Rd and Rf since 1993, with an emphasis on their implications for solar power and agricultural production. Over the solar energy resource region, we observe a loss of Rd which is relatively large near sunrise and sunset at low solar elevation angles when the sunrays pass through the atmosphere on a longer pathway. However, the concentrated Rd energy covering an average 10-hr period around noon during a day is relatively unaffected. Over the agricultural crop resource region, the large amounts of clouds and aerosols scattering more of the incoming light result in Rf taking the main proportion of Rs during the whole day. Rf resources and their fertilization effect in the main crop region of China further enhances since 1993 over almost all hours of the day. Key Points: - The loss of direct radiation over China since 1993 is relatively large at sunrise and sunset with little effect on solar power generation - The diffuse component dominates solar radiation normally near sunrise and sunset, but for the whole day over the main sown area of China - The diffuse fraction is further enhanced in the main sown area of China over almost all hours of the day since 1993
Published: 2022

9. COVID-19 pandemic

Author: W. J. Fokkens, Jürgen Schwarze, Cezmi A. Akdis, J Mullol, W. Czarlewski, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Claus Bachert, D. Larenas-Linnemann, Tomas Chivato, M. Gotua, Mateo Bonini, Ludger Klimek, Vincenzo Patella, A. A. Cruz, Stephanie Dramburg, Kari C. Nadeau, H W Fritsch, K. Ohta, Thomas Eiwegger, Robert M. Naclerio, Antti Lauerma, A. Yorgancioglu, Aslı Gelincik, Piotr Kuna, Oliver Pfaar, Carmen Riggioni, Violeta Kvedariene, Markus Ollert, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, V. Cardona, S. Del Giacco, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Helen A. Brough, Heimo Breiteneder, Valérie Hox, B. Samolinski, Zuzana Diamant, G.W. Canonica, Lihong Zhang, María José Torres, Y. Okamoto, Liam O'Mahony, Radosław Gawlik, Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa, Sharon Chinthrajah, Winfried Rief, T. Haatela, M. Morais-Almeida, Ioana Agache, Manfred Schedlowski, I Skypala, R. Brehler, D. Y. Wang, João Fonseca, I. J. Ansotegui, Robyn E O'Hehir, Oscar Palomares, Charlotte G. Mortz, J. C. Ivancevich, C. Suppli Ulrik, M. T. Ventura, P M Matricardi, S Untersmayr, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Frederico S. Regateiro, Vanitha Sampath, Arũnas Valiulis, Marek Jutel, Luisa Brussino, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Jean Bousquet, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Edward F. Knol, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Allergologie, Stimm und Sprachstörungen [Wiesbaden, Germany], Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie [Wiesbaden, Germany], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), ALL-MED, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Stanford University, Skane University Hospital [Malmo], Lund University [Lund], Charles University [Prague] (CU), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning, Mol Med, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), University of Toronto, Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Alfred Health, Victoria University [Melbourne], University College Cork (UCC), Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, University Clinics of Essen, University of Essen, Allergy Unit [Malaga, Spain] (National Network ARADyAL), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga = Regional University Hospital of Malaga [Spain], Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, University Hospital Augsburg, National University of Singapore (NUS), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital Münster - Universitaetsklinikum Muenster [Germany] (UKM), Evelina London Children's Hospital, King‘s College London, CEU-San Pablo University and HM-Hospitals School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), Istanbul University, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain], University of Edinburgh, NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Ghent University Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Woolcock Institute of Medical Research [Sydney], The University of Sydney, University of Turin, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Hospital de Dona Estefania, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD-WHO), Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, MEDIDA, Lda, David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Servicio de Alergia e ImmunologiaBuenos Aires (Clinica Santa Isabel), Barlicki University Hospital, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Hospital Medica Sur [Mexico City, Mexico], Pantai Hospital [Kuala Lumpur], Hospital CUF Descobertas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo National Hospital, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba University Hospital, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester [Manchester], General Children's Hospital of Athens P & A Kyriakou, 'Santa Maria della Speranza' Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário [Coimbra], Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research [Coimbra, Portugal] (iCBR - Faculty of Medicine), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Manisa Celal Bayar University, Transilvania University of Brasov, Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, and HUS Inflammation Center
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, viruses, Eaaci Position Paper, Medizin, Cochrane Library, GUIDELINES, FOOD ALLERGY, allergen immunotherapy, allergy clinic, anaphylaxis, asthma, clinical trials, COVID-19, Position Paper, psychological impact, SARS-CoV-2, Allergists, Health Personnel, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Information Technology, Patient Care Team, Triage, SARS‐CoV‐2, DESENSITIZATION, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Patient Care Team, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, HDE ALER, Pandemic, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, ATOPIC-DERMATITIS, MESH: COVID-19, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), virus diseases, DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS, 3. Good health, INFECTIONS, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Triage, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Allergen immunotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Information Technology, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Immunology, education, MEDLINE, DIAGNOSIS, psychological COVID, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Allergists, COVID‐19, medicine, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, ddc:610, RHINOSINUSITIS, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Clinical trial, Coronavirus, EXACERBATIONS, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Position paper, MESH: Health Personnel, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: BackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has evolved as a pandemic infectious disease transmitted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐)2. Allergists and other health care providers (HCPs) in the field of allergies and associated airway diseases are in the front line, taking care of patients potentially infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Hence, strategies and practices to minimize risks of infection for both HCPs and treated patients have to be developed and followed by allergy clinics.MethodThe scientific information on COVID‐19 was analyzed by a literature search in Medline, Pubmed, national and international guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Cochrane Library and the Internet.ResultsBased on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID‐19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)” inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. These recommendations are grouped into nine sections on different relevant aspects for the care of patients with allergies.ConclusionsThis international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
Published: 2021

10. Joint association of polymorphism of the FGFR4 gene and mutation TP53 gene with bladder cancer prognosis

Author: Victor E. Reuter, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Arie S. Belldegrun, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Yonghui Yang, Guido Dalbagni, Ming-Lan Lu, Lin Cai, Wei Cao, Allan J. Pantuck, Jianyu Rao, Hervé Wallerand, Robert A. Figlin, Service d'urologie, andrologie et transplantation rénale, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida [Gainesville], Département de pharmacochimie moléculaire ( DPM ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|MSE), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Département de pharmacochimie moléculaire (DPM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)-Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: p53, Male, Cancer Research, Fibroblast Growth Factor, DNA Mutational Analysis, MESH: Genes, p53, MESH : Aged, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, single nucleotide polymorphism, Clinical Studies, Genotype, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, MESH : Female, MESH: DNA Mutational Analysis, Cancer, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Prognosis, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, TP53 mutation, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, Prognosis, MESH : Survival Rate, 3. Good health, MESH: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Survival Rate, Oncology, MESH : Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Survival Analysis, Public Health and Health Services, bladder cancer, Female, MESH : Mutation, Type 4, Receptor, Urologic Diseases, MESH: Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4, MESH: Mutation, Tumor suppressor gene, MESH: Survival Rate, MESH : Male, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH : DNA Mutational Analysis, Biology, MESH : Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Genes, p53, MESH: Prognosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Growth factor receptor, Clinical Research, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4, MESH : Middle Aged, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Polymorphism, Survival rate, Survival analysis, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Bladder cancer, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, Genes, p53, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, MESH: Male, Genes, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Mutation, Cancer research, MESH : Survival Analysis, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; The impact of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) Gly388Arg polymorphism on bladder cancer is unknown. We found no clear correlations between the FGFR4 genotype and risk of bladder cancer or pathological parameters. Neither the polymorphism nor TP53 mutation status was an independent predictor of prognosis, but they might act jointly on the disease-specific survival of patients.
Published: 2006

11. Drought soil legacy alters drivers of plant diversity-productivity relationships in oldfield systems

Author: Nianxun Xi, Dongxia Chen, Michael Bahn, Hangyu Wu, Chengjin Chu, Marc W. Cadotte, Juliette M. G. Bloor, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31600342 National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31925027
Subjects: mesocosm experiment, Multidisciplinary, climate change, parasitic diseases, fungi, food and beverages, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem functions, biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Ecosystem functions are threatened by both recurrent droughts and declines in biodiversity at a global scale, but the drought dependency of diversity-productivity relationships remains poorly understood. Here, we use a two-phase mesocosm experiment with simulated drought and model oldfield communities (360 experimental mesocosms/plant communities) to examine drought-induced changes in soil microbial communities along a plant species richness gradient and to assess interactions between past drought (soil legacies) and subsequent drought on plant diversity-productivity relationships. We show that (i) drought decreases bacterial and fungal richness and modifies relationships between plant species richness and microbial groups; (ii) drought soil legacy increases net biodiversity effects, but responses of net biodiversity effects to plant species richness are unaffected; and (iii) linkages between plant species richness and complementarity/selection effects vary depending on past and subsequent drought. These results provide mechanistic insight into biodiversity-productivity relationships in a changing environment, with implications for the stability of ecosystem function under climate change.
Published: 2022

12. The impact of termites on soil sheeting properties is better explained by environmental factors than by their feeding and building strategies

Author: Pascal Jouquet, Ajay Harit, Vincent Hervé, Hemanth Moger, Tiago Carrijo, David A. Donoso, David Eldridge, Hélida Ferreira da Cunha, Chutinan Choosai, Jean-Louis Janeau, Jean-Luc Maeght, Thuy Doan Thu, Alexia Briandon, Myriam Dahbi Skali, John van Thuyne, Ali Mainga, Olga Patricia Pinzon Florian, Oumarou Malam Issa, Pascal Podwojewski, Jean-Louis Rajot, Thierry Henri-des-Tureaux, Lotfi Smaili, Mohamed Labiadh, Hanane Aroui Boukbida, Rashmi Shanbhag, Ratha Muon, Vannak Ann, Sougueh Cheik, Saliou Fall, Saran Traoré, Simon Dupont, Thomas Chouvenc, Aaron J. Mullins, Syaukani Syaukani, Rainer Zaiss, Tran Minh Tien, Jan Šobotník, Apolline Auclerc, Rongliang Qiu, Ye-Tao Tang, Hermine Huot, David Sillam-Dussès, Nicolas Bottinelli, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Mahatma Gandhi University [Kerala], Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Science, Universidade Federal do ABC = Federal University of ABC = Université Fédérale de l'ABC [Brazil] (UFABC), Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas [Bogota], Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Institute of Technology of Cambodia [Cambodge] (KHM), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti (CERD), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, French national Institute of Research for Development (IRD), and Indo-French Cell for Water Science (LMI CEFIRSE, http://www.cefirse.ird.fr)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Feeding guilds, Ecosystem engineers, Soil Science, Biostructures, Bioturbation, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, complex mixtures, Fungus-growing termites
Abstract: International audience; Termites are key soil bioturbators in tropical ecosystems. Apart from mound nests constructed by some advanced lineages, most of the species use their faeces, oral secretions, debris, or soil aggregates to protect themselves from predators and desiccation when they go out to forage. Although this soil ‘sheeting’ is considered to play a key role in soil functioning, the properties of this termite-made material has been poorly studied. The few available data showed that sheeting properties are highly variable with positive, neutral or negative impacts on soil C and clay content, and consequently on soil aggregate stability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the factors controlling the physical (particle size fractions and structural stability) and chemical (pH, electrical conductivity and carbon content) properties of soil sheeting produced by termite species encompassing all feeding and building categories using a dataset representative of an important diversity of biotopes coming from 21 countries from all continents colonized by termites. We showed that sheeting properties were explained by the properties of their environment, and especially by those of the bulk soil (linear relationships), followed in a lesser extent by the mean annual precipitation and biotope. Classic hypotheses related to termite feeding and building strategies were not hold by our analysis. However, the distinction of termites into fungus-growing and non-fungus growing species was useful when differentiating the impact of termites on soil electrical conductivity, C content, and structural stability. The large variability observed suggests the need to redefine termite functional groups based on their impacts on soil properties using a trait-based approach from morphological, anatomical and/or physiological traits.
Published: 2022

13. Performing Restoration Shakespeare 'Then' and 'Now': A Case Study of Davenant's Macbeth

Author: Fretz, Claude and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Davenant, theater, [SHS.MUSIQ]Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, Shakespeare, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Macbeth, Restoration, music, adaptation, performance
Abstract: International audience; Focusing on a case study of William Davenant's Macbeth (c.1664), this article sets out to explore how and why Restoration adaptations of Shakespeare's plays succeeded in performance in their own time (especially in the 1660s and 1670s) and how they might be revived for audiences today. To achieve this, the article combines theater history and literary criticism with practice-based performance scholarship. Firstly, it draws on reviews and reports from the Restoration to examine how and why rewriting and adaptation were necessary to ensure the survival of Shakespeare's plays after the end of the English Civil War. In the same segment, the article also examines how the emphasis on musical and visual spectacle and the use of heavily revised playtexts were received by seventeenth-century playgoers. The article then uses observations and conclusions made during a rare professional production of Davenant's Macbeth at the Folger Theatre in Washington, DC (2018) to investigate how Restoration adaptations of Shakespeare can inform modern theater practice. The conflicts and obstacles that were encountered in this production, and the possibilities and solutions that were discovered, can offer lessons as well as strategies for performing Restoration Shakespeare both now and in the future. By considering the creative choices made during the Folger's production and investigating how these were received by reviewers and audiences, the article suggests a selective and adaptive approach to using Restoration Shakespeare in modern theater practice: namely, one that exploits the performance potential of the musical spectacle and of the new characters that were added by Restoration adapters but treats with caution the revisions of Shakespeare's plots and language.
Published: 2022

14. Determination of global land surface temperature using data from only five selected thermal infrared channels: Method extension and accuracy assessment

Author: Huabing Huang, Xiaopo Zheng, Françoise Nerry, Zhao-Liang Li, Tianxing Wang, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land surface temperature, Soil Science, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Temperature-emissivity separation, Emissivity, Computers in Earth Sciences, Retrieval algorithm, Energy exchange, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Thermal infrared, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Accuracy assessment, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Thermal infrared data, Land surface temperature (LST), Split window, Scale (map), Communication channel
Abstract: International audience; Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential input for modeling the processes of energy exchange and balance of the earth's surface. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is considered to be the most efficient way to obtain accurate LST, both regionally and globally. Currently, many LST retrieval algorithms have been developed, including the up-to-date SW-TES (SW: split window; TES: temperature-emissivity separation) method, which is claimed to be able to accurately derive LST without the need for atmospheric information and land surface emissivity (LSE) based on the selected multiple TIR channel configuration. However, this hybrid method is actually not applicable to observations with large viewing angles and was only preliminarily evaluated in Australia. In this study, this method was extended for application to global TIR measurements with different viewing angles. Additionally, the performance of this extended SW-TES method was assessed globally for different seasons by using the MODIS LST product as a reference, and was also validated using in-situ LST measurements from the SURFRAD (SURFace RADiation budget network) sites. The results showed that the LST retrievals using the extended SW-TES method were comparable to the MODIS LST product, with discrepancies of 4.0 K). Overall, in this study, the SW-TES method was extended, and the performance was comprehensively evaluated at the global scale, which may help in facilitating its potential applications.
Published: 2022

15. Foundational number sense training gains are predicted by hippocampal–parietal circuits

Author: Hyesang Chang, Lang Chen, Yuan Zhang, Ye Xie, Carlo de Los Angeles, Emma Adair, Gaston Zanitti, Demian Wassermann, Miriam Rosenberg-Lee, Vinod Menon, Stanford University, Santa Clara University, Zhejiang University, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Modèles et inférence pour les données de Neuroimagerie (MIND), IFR49 - Neurospin - CEA, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, LargeSmallBrainNets, LargeBrainNets, and European Project: 757672,H2020 Pilier ERC,NeuroLang(2018)
Subjects: Male, General Neuroscience, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, education, Math Learning, Number Sense, Hippocampus, Diffusion MRI, Meta-analysis, Cognition, Child, Preschool, Parietal Lobe, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Female, Child, Research Articles, Mathematics, Problem Solving, Functional MRI
Abstract: The development of mathematical skills in early childhood relies on number sense, the foundational ability to discriminate among quantities. Number sense in early childhood is predictive of academic and professional success, and deficits in number sense are thought to underlie lifelong impairments in mathematical abilities. Despite its importance, the brain circuit mechanisms that support number sense learning remain poorly understood. Here, we designed a theoretically motivated training program to determine brain circuit mechanisms underlying foundational number sense learning in female and male elementary school-age children (7–10 years). Our 4 week integrative number sense training program gradually strengthened the understanding of the relations between symbolic (Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (sets of items) representations of quantity. We found that our number sense training program improved symbolic quantity discrimination ability in children across a wide range of math abilities including children with learning difficulties. Crucially, the strength of pretraining functional connectivity between the hippocampus and intraparietal sulcus, brain regions implicated in associative learning and quantity discrimination, respectively, predicted individual differences in number sense learning across typically developing children and children with learning difficulties. Reverse meta-analysis of interregional coactivations across 14,371 fMRI studies and 89 cognitive functions confirmed a reliable role for hippocampal–intraparietal sulcus circuits in learning. Our study identifies a canonical hippocampal–parietal circuit for learning that plays a foundational role in children's cognitive skill acquisition. Findings provide important insights into neurobiological circuit markers of individual differences in children's learning and delineate a robust target for effective cognitive interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMathematical skill development relies on number sense, the ability to discriminate among quantities. Here, we develop a theoretically motivated training program and investigate brain circuits that predict number sense learning in children during a period important for acquisition of foundational cognitive skills. Our integrated number sense training program was effective in children across a wide a range of math abilities, including children with learning difficulties. We identify hippocampal–parietal circuits that predict individual differences in learning gains. Our study identifies a brain circuit critical for the acquisition of foundational cognitive skills, which will be useful for developing effective interventions to remediate learning disabilities.
Published: 2022

16. A 10-miRNA risk score-based prediction model for pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

Author: Chang Gong, Ziliang Cheng, Yaping Yang, Jun Shen, Yingying Zhu, Li Ling, Wanyi Lin, Zhigang Yu, Zhihua Li, Weige Tan, Chushan Zheng, Wenbo Zheng, Jiajie Zhong, Xiang Zhang, Yunjie Zeng, Qiang Liu, R. Stephanie Huang, Andrzej L. Komorowski, Eddy S. Yang, François Bertucci, Francesco Ricci, Armando Orlandi, Gianluca Franceschini, Kazuaki Takabe, Suzanne Klimberg, Naohiro Ishii, Angela Toss, Mona P. Tan, Mathew A. Cherian, Erwei Song, ESCP-EAP (ESCP-EAP), Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Métabolisme et physiologie rénales (ERL 8228), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Information and Technology Science [Jilin], Jilin Agricultural University (JAU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Manchester [Manchester], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Curie [Paris]
Subjects: microRNA signature, Settore MED/08 - ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, nomogram, Breast Neoplasms, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Neoadjuvant Therapy, MicroRNAs, Risk Factors, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors breast cancer usually experience a relatively low pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Here, we derived a 10-microRNA risk score (10-miRNA RS)-based model with better performance in the prediction of pCR and validated its relation with the disease-free survival (DFS) in 755 HR-positive breast cancer patients (273, 265, and 217 in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively). This model, presented as a nomogram, included four parameters: the 10-miRNA RS found in our previous study, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and volume transfer constant (K-trans). Favorable calibration and discrimination of 10-miRNA RS-based model with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.865, 0.811, and 0.804 were shown in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively. Patients who have higher nomogram score (>92.2) with NAC treatment would have longer DFS (hazard ratio=0.57; 95%CI: 0.39-0.83; P=0.004). In summary, our data showed the 10-miRNA RS-based model could precisely identify more patients who can attain pCR to NAC, which may help clinicians formulate the personalized initial treatment strategy and consequently achieves better clinical prognosis for patients with HR-positive breast cancer.
Published: 2022

17. The Formation of the North Qilian Shan through Time: Clues from Detrital Zircon Fission-Track Data from Modern River Sediments

Author: Xu Lin, Marc Jolivet, Jing Liu-Zeng, Feng Cheng, Zhonghai Wu, Yuntao Tian, Lingling Li, Jixin Chen, China Three Gorges University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tianjin University (TJU), Peking University [Beijing], Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [Beijing] (CAGS), Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41972212, 42030305), and Research Foundation of Chutian Scholars Program of Hubei Province (No. 8210403).
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, North Qilian Shan, Hei River, zircon fission track, LA-ICP-MS, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the formation of the North Qilian Shan in the NE Tibetan Plateau provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the northern region of the plateau across time. Detrital zircon fission-track (ZFT) analyses of river sediments can provide a comprehensive understanding of the exhumation history during prolonged orogenesis. Here, we applied the detrital thermochronology approach to the Qilian Shan orogenic belt. This work presents the first single-grain detrital ZFT data from river-bed sediments of the upper Hei River catchment in North Qilian Shan. The single ZFT ages are widely distributed between about 1200 Ma and about 40 Ma. These data record the protracted history of the Qilian Shan region from the Neoproterozoic evolution of Rodinia and late Paleozoic amalgamation of Central Asia to the accretion of the Gondwanian blocks during the Meso-Cenozoic era. Strong post-magmatic cooling events occurred in North Qilian Shan at 1200~1000 Ma, corresponding to the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. The age population at 800 Ma documents the oceanic spreading in the late Neoproterozoic dismantling of Rodinia. ZFT ages ranging from about 750 Ma to 550 Ma (with age peaks at 723 Ma and 588 Ma) are consistent with the timing of the opening and spreading of the Qilian Ocean. The age peaks at 523 Ma and 450 Ma mark the progressive closure of that ocean ending with the collision of the Qilian block with the Alxa block—North China craton in the Devonian. The Qilian Ocean finally closed in Late Devonian (age peak at 375 Ma). In the late Paleozoic (275 Ma), the subduction of the Paleotethys Ocean led to extensive magmatic activity in the North Qilian Shan. During the Lower Cretaceous (145 Ma), the accretion of the Lhasa block to the south (and potentially the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean to the northeast) triggered a renewed tectonic activity in the Qilian Shan. Finally, a poorly defined early Eocene exhumation event (50 Ma) suggests that the NE Tibetan Plateau started to deform nearly synchronously with the onset of the India-Asia collision. This study demonstrates the usefulness of combining modern-river detrital thermo-/geochronological ages and bedrock geochronological ages to understand large-scale orogenic evolution processes.
Published: 2022

18. Deciphering the multiple effects of climate warming on the temporal shift of leaf unfolding

Author: Haicheng Zhang, Isabelle Chuine, Pierre Regnier, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), JCTD-2020-05, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 101003536, 776810, ESM2025, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS, H.Z. and P.R. thank the Lateral-CNP project (no. 34823748) supported by Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements nos. 776810 (VERIFY) and 101003536 (ESM2025—Earth System Models for the Future). W.Y. is funded by the CAS interdisciplinary team (no. JCTD-2020-05). We thank all members of the PEP725 network for collecting and providing phenological data., and European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Phenology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Changes in winter and spring temperatures have been widely used to explain the diverse responses of spring phenology to climate change. However, few studies have quantified their respective effects. Using 386,320 in situ observations of leaf unfolding date (LUD) of six tree species in Europe, we show that accelerated spring thermal accumulation and changes in winter chilling explain, on average, 61% and 39%, respectively, of the advancement in LUD for the period 1951–2019. We find that winter warming may not have delayed bud dormancy release, but rather it has increased the thermal requirement in reaching leaf unfolding. This increase in thermal requirement and the decreased efficiency of spring warming for thermal accumulation partly explain the weakening response of leaf unfolding to warming. Our study stresses the need to better assess the antagonistic and heterogeneous effects of winter and spring warming on leaf phenology, which is key to projecting future vegetation–climate feedbacks.
Published: 2022

19. EGFR is a master switch between immunosuppressive and immunoactive tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer

Author: Xiaoping Wang, Takashi Semba, Ganiraju C. Manyam, Jing Wang, Shan Shao, Francois Bertucci, Pascal Finetti, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Lan Thi Hanh Phi, Troy Pearson, Steven J. Van Laere, Jared K. Burks, Evan N. Cohen, James M. Reuben, Fei Yang, Hu Min, Nicholas Navin, Van Ngu Trinh, Toshiaki Iwase, Harsh Batra, Yichao Shen, Xiang Zhang, Debu Tripathy, Naoto T. Ueno, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Department of Breast Medical Oncology [Houston]
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human medicine
Abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, is driven by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Current treatments for IBC have limited efficacy. In a clinical trial (NCT01036087), an anti-EGFR antibody combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy produced the highest pathological complete response rate ever reported in patients with IBC having triple-negative receptor status. We determined the molecular and immunological mechanisms behind this superior clinical outcome. Using novel humanized IBC mouse models, we discovered that EGFR-targeted therapy remodels the IBC TME by increasing cytotoxic T cells and reducing immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. These changes were due to diminishing immunosuppressive chemokine expression regulated by transcription factor EGR1. We also showed that induction of an immunoactive IBC TME by an anti-EGFR antibody improved the antitumor efficacy of an anti–PD-L1 antibody. Our findings lay the foundation for clinical trials evaluating EGFR-targeted therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer.
Published: 2022

20. Improved global-scale predictions of soil carbon stocks with Millennial Version 2

Author: Katerina Georgiou, Xiaofeng Xu, Bertrand Guenet, Haicheng Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, R. Z. Abramoff, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Stanford University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), San Diego State University (SDSU), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), R.Z.A. thanks Jinyun Tang and Elisa Thébault for helpful discussion about model formulation. R.Z.A. was supported by the French government grant 'Make Our Planet Great Again' and by a Marie Skłodowska–Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant no. 834-169) from the European Union's Horizon 2020 program. K.G. was supported as a Lawrence Fellow at Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) by the LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 21-ERD-045 and the US DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program as part of the LLNL Microbes Persist Scientific Focus Area, SCW1632. Work at LLNL was conducted under the auspices of US DOE Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. X.X. has been supported by the ORNL Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Scientific Focus Area (ORNL TES-SFA) and NGEE Arctic projects and DE-SC0014416, which are supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science., European Project: 834169,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2018,FlexMod(2020), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineral association, Soil organic carbon stocks, Biome, Soil Science, Fractionation, Atmospheric sciences, Microbial decomposition, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Latitude, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Particulates, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Soil carbon modeling, Cycling
Abstract: Soil carbon (C) models are used to predict C sequestration responses to climate and land use change. Yet, the soil models embedded in Earth system models typically do not represent processes that reflect our current understanding of soil C cycling, such as microbial decomposition, mineral association, and aggregation. Rather, they rely on conceptual pools with turnover times that are fit to bulk C stocks and/or fluxes. As measurements of soil fractions become increasingly available, it is necessary for soil C models to represent these measurable quantities so that model processes can be evaluated more accurately. Here we present Version 2 (V2) of the Millennial model, a soil model developed to simulate C pools that can be measured by extraction or fractionation, including particulate organic C, mineral-associated organic C, aggregate C, microbial biomass, and low molecular weight C. Model processes have been updated to reflect the current understanding of mineral-association, temperature sensitivity and reaction kinetics, and different model structures were tested within an open-source framework. We evaluated the ability of Millennial V2 to simulate total soil organic C (SOC), as well as the mineral-associated and particulate fractions, using three independent data sets of soil fractionation measurements spanning a range of climate and geochemistry in Australia (N = 495), Europe (N = 175), and across the globe (N = 659). When using all the data together (N = 1329), the Millennial V2 model predicted SOC (RMSE = 3.3 kg C m−2, AIC = 675, R i n 2 = 0.31, R o u t 2 = 0.26) better than the widely-used first-order decomposition model Century (RMSE = 3.4 kg C m−2, AIC = 696, R i n 2 = 0.21, R o u t 2 = 0.18) across sites, despite the fact that Millennial V2 has an increase in process complexity and number of parameters compared to Century. Millennial V2 also reproduced the observed fraction of C in MAOM and larger particle size fractions for most latitudes and biomes, and allows for a more detailed understanding of the pools and processes that affect model performance. It is important to note that this study evaluates the spatial variation in C stock only, and that the temporal dynamics of Millennial V2 remain to be tested. The Millennial V2 model updates the conceptual Century model pools and processes and represents our current understanding of the roles that microbial activity, mineral association and aggregation play in soil C sequestration.
Published: 2022

21. Processing of Plants to Products: Gold, REEs and Other Elements

Author: Marie-Odile Simonnot, Ye-Tao Tang, Baptiste Laubie, Bastien Jally, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), van der Ent A., Baker A.J.M., Echevarria G., Simonnot M.O., and Morel J.L.
Subjects: [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Circular economy, Scale (chemistry), Rare earth, Biomass, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Tailings, 12. Responsible consumption, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, Environmental science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Nickel recovery by agromining has been widely studied because of the abundance of species that hyperaccumulate this element. But at the same time, in the context of the circular economy, there is growing interest in recovery of other elements for both economic and environmental reasons. Firstly, the recovery of gold from mine tailings appears increasingly promising, as does that of rare earth elements, which are strategic for numerous advanced technologies. In both cases, the economic value is a driver but also a need to remediate mine tailing by nature-based solutions. Secondly, despite being less valuable, the recovery of Cd and Zn has been much studied, because these two elements are contaminants of many industrial or agricultural soils and many plants are capable of accumulating them. It is therefore essential to find solutions for disposal of the biomass contaminated with metals and preferably by profiting from it. For this set of elements, processes based on thermal or chemical methods have been proposed on a small scale and some are on the verge of being scaled up. Other elements, such as metals of the platinoid family, Mn or molecules of pharmaceutical interest, have been the subject of pioneering work that remains to be developed. At the present time, it can be considered that in this area there is still a world to explore.
Published: 2021

22. Updating MISEV: Evolving the minimal requirements for studies of extracellular vesicles

Author: Kenneth W Witwer, Deborah CI Goberdhan, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Clotilde Théry, Joshua A Welsh, Cherie Blenkiron, Edit I Buzás, Dolores Di Vizio, Uta Erdbrügger, Juan M Falcón‐Pérez, Qing‐Ling Fu, Andrew F Hill, Metka Lenassi, Jan Lötvall, Rienk Nieuwland, Takahiro Ochiya, Sophie Rome, Susmita Sahoo, Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], University of Oxford, Trinity College Dublin, Immunité et cancer (U932), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University of Auckland [Auckland], Semmelweis University [Budapest], Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of Virginia, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), La Trobe University, University of Ljubljana, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Tokyo Medical University, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Southern Medical University [Guangzhou], CarMeN, laboratoire, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, ACS - Microcirculation, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: standardization, Histology, QH573-671, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell Biology, exosomes, Reference Standards, rigor, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], ectosomes, Editorial, MISEV, Humans, extracellular vesicles, Cytology, microvesicles, reproducibility
Abstract: International audience; The minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (EVs, MISEV) is a field-consensus rigour initiative of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV). The last update to MISEV, MISEV2018, was informed by input from more than 400 scientists and made recommendations in the six broad topics of EV nomenclature, sample collection and pre-processing, EV separation and concentration, characterization, functional studies, and reporting requirements/exceptions. To gather opinions on MISEV and ideas for new updates, the ISEV Board of Directors canvassed previous MISEV authors and society members. Here, we share conclusions that are relevant to the ongoing evolution of the MISEV initiative and other ISEV rigour and standardization efforts.
Published: 2021

23. Multiple tectonic-magmatic Mo-enrichment events in Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, NW China and its’ implications for the formation of giant porphyry Mo deposit

Author: Jun Gao, Laurent Oscar, Tao Hong, Mingguo Zhai, Yuejun Wang, Kateřina D. Schlöglová, David Dolejš, Xing-Wang Xu, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], College of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Beijing], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)
Subjects: Mineralization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Phanerozoic, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, Geology, Tectonics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Molybdenum, Molybdenite, Economic Geology, Re-Mo Molybdenite, Negative correlation, Porphyry deposits, Multiple Mo enrichment
Abstract: International audience; The Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit located in the Chinese Altay-East Junggar, a section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the world's largest Phanerozoic subduction-accretionary orogen, witnessed the multistage tectonic-magmatic evolution and mineralization from arc to syn- and post-collision environment over a time span of about 52 Ma. Four types of molybdenite have been distinguished: (1) primary magmatic-hydrothermal, undeformed molybdenite in porphyry, (2) recrystallized molybdenite associated with ductile deformation, (3) recrystallized, intrafoliational molybdenite, and (4) fracture-related hydrothermal molybdenite, and these are characterized by decreasing Re abundances from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Individual molybdenite types are non-stoichiometric and exhibit the following negative correlation between the Mo and Re contents:Re (apfu) = −0.0026 Mo (apfu) + 0.00268.This trend reflects successive stages of tectonic-hydrothermal events from a magmatic island-arc to a post-collisional setting. These repetitive mineralization events produced Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo grade of the Yuleken deposit, and are recorded in progressively decreasing Re concentrations in molybdenite. Statistical evaluation of Mo and Re abundances in giant to small porphyry deposits worldwide also indicates that decreasing Re in molybdenite will lead to lower overall Re resource (in a single deposit) and to greater overall Mo resource (in the same deposit). Multiple mineralization processes related to repetitive tectonomagmatic episodes in large porphyry Mo deposits that display Re depletion in molybdenite suggest that reworking of mantle-derived porphyry systems by successive events of crustal growth may be the responsible for Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo ore grade, and eventually produce giant porphyry molybdenum deposits.
Published: 2021

24. Everolimus and plicamycin specifically target chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells of the CMS4 subtype

Author: Deng, Jiayin, Tian, Ai-Ling, Pan, Hui, Sauvat, Allan, Leduc, Marion, Liu, Peng, Zhao, Liwei, Zhang, Shuai, Chen, Hui, Taly, Valérie, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Senovilla, Laura, Li, Yingqiu, Kroemer, Guido, Kepp, Oliver, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine - CARPEM [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Jiangsu, P.R. China], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], China Scholarship Council, Institut National du Cancer (France), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, European Commission, Institut Universitaire de France, Fondation Leducq, TALY, Valerie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]
Subjects: QH573-671, Cancer therapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Apoptosis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Plicamycin, Article, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cytoskeletal Proteins, Mice, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Animals, Humans, Everolimus, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cytology, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Cell Proliferation
Abstract: © The Author(s) 2021., Colorectal cancers (CRC) can be classified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), among which CMS1 has the best prognosis, contrasting with CMS4 that has the worst outcome. CMS4 CRC is notoriously resistant against therapeutic interventions, as demonstrated by preclinical studies and retrospective clinical observations. Here, we report the finding that two clinically employed agents, everolimus (EVE) and plicamycin (PLI), efficiently target the prototypic CMS4 cell line MDST8. As compared to the prototypic CMS1 cell line LoVo, MDST8 cells treated with EVE or PLI demonstrated stronger cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, increased signs of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as a more pronounced inhibition of DNA-to-RNA transcription and RNA-to-protein translation. Moreover, nontoxic doses of EVE and PLI induced the shrinkage of MDST8 tumors in mice, yet had only minor tumor growth-reducing effects on LoVo tumors. Altogether, these results suggest that EVE and PLI should be evaluated for their clinical activity against CMS4 CRC., JD, A-LT, HP, SZ, and HC are supported by the China Scholarship Council. OK receives funding by the DIM ELICIT initiative of the Ile de France and Institut National du Cancer (INCa); GK, VT, and PLP are supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipes labellisées, Program “Equipe labelisée LIGUE”; no. EL2016.LNCC (VT/PLP)); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)—Projets blancs; ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases; AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Association “Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!”; Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR); Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome; Fondation Carrefour; INCa; Inserm (HTE); Institut Universitaire de France; LeDucq Foundation; the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001); the RHU Torino Lumière; the Seerave Foundation; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM).
Published: 2021

25. BUBBLE AND PROFILE DECOMPOSITIONS METHODS : A COMMON THREAD THROUGH MANY WORKS IN GEOMETRY, PHYSICS AND FLUID MECHANICS

Author: Bahouri, Hajer, Lyu, Zeyu, Vigneron, Francois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Reims (LMR), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP]
Abstract: Bubble and profile decompositions methods are a powerful tool, which is deeply connected with compactness issues in function spaces. The spectrum of their applications is quite broad and encompass in particular questions in geometry, mathematical physics and fluid mechanics. In this text, we survey the fundamental principles of this theory and showcase its various applications by presenting a few landmark articles.
Published: 2021

26. 'The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen': Multisensory Dreams in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Colonna’s Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

Author: Claude Fretz and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, Renaissance, Senses, Shakespeare, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Comedy, Colonna, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Dreams
Abstract: International audience; This paper argues that the multisensory and synesthetic dream experiences depicted in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595) and Francesco Colonna’s Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499) transcend the commonplace concern with the typology of dreams by instead exploring the raw and sensorially embodied experience of dreaming. The paper further shows how and why the depiction of dreams in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili points to a (hitherto neglected) direct or indirect influence of Colonna on Shakespeare. The chapter begins by showing how dreams were in early modern England viewed primarily as sensory phenomena. This is also seen in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, where the characters’ romantically (or erotically) fulfilling dream worlds are made up, above all, of multisensory and synesthetic perceptions. But the chapter suggests that Shakespeare’s representation of dreams as multisensory realisations of love, rather than simply reflecting the early modern cultural understanding of dreams, may owe much to the influence of Colonna’s dream romance Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. In addition to topographical similarities, borrowings of imagery, and comparable uses of dream frames, Shakespeare’s and Colonna’s shared interest in the raw and sensorially embodied experience of dreaming bespeaks a connection between their dream worlds.
Published: 2021

27. Bidirectional sensory neuron–immune interactions: a new vision in the understanding of allergic inflammation

Author: Brian S. Kim, Marie Tauber, Nicolas Gaudenzio, Fang Wang, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), European Project: 802041, Pistre, Karine, ERC-2018-STG - 802041 - INCOMING, and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Organ Specificity / immunology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Inflammation / metabolism, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Animals, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Receptor, MESH: Immune System / metabolism, Disease Management, MESH: Hypersensitivity / etiology, MESH: Inflammation Mediators / metabolism, MESH: Inflammation / pathology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Organ Specificity, Cytokines, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Disease Susceptibility, MESH: Sensory Receptor Cells / physiology, MESH: Hypersensitivity / metabolism, Inflammation Mediators, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, MESH: Immune System / immunology, Sensory Receptor Cells, MESH: Hypersensitivity / therapy, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Neuroimmunomodulation, Immunology, MESH: Immunomodulation, MESH: Disease Susceptibility, Sensory system, Biology, MESH: Disease Management, Allergic inflammation, Immunomodulation, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Inflammation / etiology, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Animals, Humans, Compartment (development), Inflammation, MESH: Humans, MESH: Cytokines / metabolism, Sensory neuron, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, MESH: Neuroimmunomodulation, Immune System, MESH: Biomarkers, Neuroscience, Biomarkers, Function (biology), 030215 immunology, MESH: Hypersensitivity / diagnosis
Abstract: International audience; Peripheral neurons (including sensory neurons) are ubiquitously distributed in all tissues, particularly at the interface with the environment. The primary function of sensory neurons is the transmission of sensations of temperature, pain and itch to elicit appropriate behavioral responses. More recently, sensory neurons have emerged as potent regulators of type 2 immune responses and allergic inflammation. There is increasing evidence showing that neurons can express receptors previously thought to be restricted to the immune compartment. In addition, certain subtypes of immune cells (e.g. mast cells, ILC2s or macrophages) also express specific neuroreceptors that provide them with the capacity to integrate neuron-derived signals and modulate their activation status during the development of allergic inflammation.
Published: 2021

28. Time-Dependent Conformal Transformations and the Propagator for Quadratic Systems

Author: Peter A. Horvathy, Pengming Zhang, Qiliang Zhao, School of Physics and Astronomy [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11975320)., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, Conformal map, frequency: time dependence, classical general relativity, 01 natural sciences, PACS : 03.65.-w, 03.65.Sq, 04.20.-q, Quadratic equation, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 0103 physical sciences, oscillator, Computer Science (miscellaneous), QA1-939, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Mathematical Physics, transformation: conformal, Mathematical physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Mathieu, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phase correction, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], quantum mechanics, Propagator, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Quadratic system, Transformation (function), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Chemistry (miscellaneous), semiclassical theories and applications, Free form, propagator, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Mathematics
Abstract: The method proposed by Inomata and his collaborators allows us to transform a damped Caldiroli-Kanai oscillator with time-dependent frequency to one with constant frequency and no friction by redefining the time variable, obtained by solving a Ermakov-Milne-Pinney equation. Their mapping ``Eisenhart-Duval'' lifts as a conformal transformation between two appropriate Bargmann spaces. The quantum propagator is calculated also by bringing the quadratic system to free form by another time-dependent Bargmann-conformal transformation which generalizes the one introduced before by Niederer and is related to the mapping proposed by Arnold. Our approach allows us to extend the Maslov phase correction to arbitrary time-dependent frequency. The method is illustrated by the Mathieu profile., Comment: This paper celebrates the 90th birthday of Akira Inomata. 28 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version
Published: 2021

29. Ca2+ sensor-mediated ROS scavenging suppresses rice immunity and is exploited by a fungal effector

Author: Yiwen Deng, Guo-Liang Wang, Guiquan Zhang, Jin Chen, Xiangyu Gong, Jiyun Liu, Didier Tharreau, Shenghan Xie, Huizhong Chang, Jiaxing Yue, Yang He, Keran Zhai, Xin Yin, Jianlong Xu, Yue Wu, Bingxiao Yan, Yifeng Huang, Xiangbin Zhong, Ertao Wang, Mingjun Gao, Zuhua He, Xiaoyuan Li, Weibing Yang, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), ShanghaiTech University [Shanghai], Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32088102, 31930090, and 31720103913 and 31801718 .), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB27040201 and XDB27030107 .), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100600), the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion (M-0275), the Science and Technology Commission of ShanghaiMunicipality (19391900300), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M650036, 2018M640425)., and the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX201700269)
Subjects: pyriculariose du riz, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Homéostasie, Plant Immunity, Virulence, Oryza sativa, Plant disease resistance, Xanthomonas oryzae, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Immune system, Maladie des plantes, Immunity, Effecteur moléculaire, H20 - Maladies des plantes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, biology, Effector, Rhizoctonia solani, food and beverages, Résistance aux maladies, Catalase, dérivé réactif de l'oxygène, Cell biology, Physiologie végétale, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, chemistry, biology.protein, Immunité
Abstract: International audience; Plant immunity is activated upon pathogen perception and often affects growth and yield when it is constitutively active. How plants fine-tune immune homeostasis in their natural habitats remains elusive. Here, we discover a conserved immune suppression network in cereals that orchestrates immune homeostasis, centering on a Ca2+-sensor, RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1 (ROD1). ROD1 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by stimulating catalase activity, and its protein stability is regulated by ubiquitination. ROD1 disruption confers resistance to multiple pathogens, whereas a natural ROD1 allele prevalent in indica rice with agroecology-specific distribution enhances resistance without yield penalty. The fungal effector AvrPiz-t structurally mimics ROD1 and activates the same ROS-scavenging cascade to suppress host immunity and promote virulence. We thus reveal a molecular framework adopted by both host and pathogen that integrates Ca2+ sensing and ROS homeostasis to suppress plant immunity, suggesting a principle for breeding disease-resistant, high-yield crops.
Published: 2021

30. Impact of reclamation on REEs speciation in ion-adsorption mine tailings: Experimental & Modelling study

Author: Janot, Noémie, Huot, Hermine, Montargès-Pelletier, Emmanuelle, Watteau, Françoise, Groenenberg, Jan E., Tang, Ye-Tao, Morel, Jean Louis, Qiu, Rong-Liang, Leguédois, Sophie, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and Janot, Noémie
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The exploitation of ion-adsorption rare earth elements (REEs) deposits in Southern China has generatedsignificant environmental damage. These deposits, which represented 30% of worldwide production in 2017, were traditionally mined by heap leaching using ammonium sulfate, leading to contamination of surrounding streams and agricultural soils. Reclamation of the resulting mine tailings is limited by the poor physical conditions of the tailings, their low organic matter and nutrient levels as well as their high residual REEs content. Reclamation practices of such sites can include natural attenuation or phytoremediation, using soil amendment or construction, and planting of various species. These practices induce drastic changes in the biogeochemical conditions of the soils and thus potentially modify REEs and nutrients availability, affecting the sustainability of the reclamation.To gain understanding on the impact of reclamation practices on REEs dynamics, we study a mine tailing site in Ganzhou city, Jiangxi province (116 km²), that has been abandoned for 10y. Experimental plots (2x2m) were installed on the top of the tailings to monitor plants and soil development over time and evaluate different phytoremediation techniques: phytostabilization using perennial grasses or fiber plants, and phytoextraction using REEs hyperaccumulators. Understanding REEs fate and bioavailability requires knowledge of the speciation of REEs in the tailings. Size fractionation and elemental analysis showed that REEs are concentrated in the fine fraction of the material. X-ray microprobe analyses at SSRL synchrotron identified Ce mostly present as Ce4+, but Ce3+ was evidenced in co-localization with other REEs on several occurences in topsoil sample.To evaluate the different reclamation practices, we developed a geochemical model describing REEs speciation in these materials. A process-based multi-surface model was parametrized for REEs surface complexation in soils in the platform ORCHESTRA. Based on measured contents of REEs, clays and Al/Fe-(hydr)oxides and solution pH and DOC concentration, we predicted dissolved REEs concentrations in pore water and CaCl2-extract. The model is evaluated by comparing modelled vs. measured REEs solid:solution partitioning in different plots. Results show the primordial influence of both pH and organic content in speciation and partitioning of REEs.
Published: 2021

31. Atmospheric Impacts of COVID-19 on NOx and VOC Levels over China Based on TROPOMI and IASI Satellite Data and Modeling

Author: Tao Wang, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Xiaoqin Shi, Claire Granier, Michel Van Roozendael, Yiming Liu, Thierno Doumbia, Isabelle De Smedt, Simone Tilmes, Benjamin Gaubert, Sabine Darras, N. Elguindi, Maite Bauwens, Guy Brasseur, Lieven Clarisse, Jean-François Müller, Christophe Lerot, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Bruno Franco, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), nitrogen dioxide, Pollutant emissions, Anthropogenic emissions, Traitement de potabilisation de l'eau, Atmospheric model, atmospheric modeling, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phénomènes atmosphériques, Satellite data, Formaldehyde, Meteorology. Climatology, volatile organic compounds, Nitrogen dioxide, Volatile organic compounds, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, COVID-19, Technologie de l'environnement, contrôle de la pollution, Atmospheric modeling, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental science, formaldehyde, anthropogenic emissions, Traitement des eaux résiduaires, QC851-999
Abstract: China was the first country to undergo large-scale lockdowns in response to the pandemic in early 2020 and a progressive return to normalization after April 2020. Spaceborne observations of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), including formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), reveal important changes over China in 2020, relative to 2019, in response to the pandemic-induced shutdown and the subsequent drop in pollutant emissions. In February, at the peak of the shutdown, the observed declines in OVOC levels were generally weaker (less than 20%) compared to the observed NO2 reductions (-40%). In May 2020, the observations reveal moderate decreases in NO2 (-15%) and PAN (-21%), small changes in CHOCHO (-3%) and HCHO (6%). Model simulations using the regional model MAGRITTEv1.1 with anthropogenic emissions accounting for the reductions due to the pandemic explain to a large extent the observed changes in lockdown-affected regions. The model results suggest that meteorological variability accounts for a minor but non-negligible part (~-5%) of the observed changes for NO2, whereas it is negligible for CHOCHO but plays a more substantial role for HCHO and PAN, especially in May. The interannual variability of biogenic and biomass burning emissions also contribute to the observed variations, explaining e.g. the important column increases of NO2 and OVOCs in February 2020, relative to 2019. These changes are well captured by the model simulations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021
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32. Spatial distribution and speciation of Rare Earth Elements in mine tailings from ion-adsorption deposits in Southern China

Author: Sharon E. Bone, Noémie Janot, Françoise Watteau, Camille Rivard, Ye-Tao Tang, Hermine Huot, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL SLAC), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University-Stanford University, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Janot, Noémie
Subjects: Southern china, 13. Climate action, Ion adsorption, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Genetic algorithm, Rare earth, Geochemistry, Environmental science, Spatial distribution, Tailings
Abstract: International audience; Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are essential components of many high-tech products. In industrial materials, REEs come at 90% from Southern China ion-adsorption deposits, from which they are recovered by heap leaching using ammonium sulfate. Such large-scale process leads to severe environmental damage, and produces large tailings. Elucidating the nature of REE-bearing phases in these mine tailings is critical for predicting REE dynamics and designing a successful sustainable reclamation strategy, phyto-stabilization being currently tested.First investigations on the tailings soils revealed their high heterogeneous mineral composition, supporting the need for micro-scale investigation. XRD and TEM-EDXS identified quartz, K-feldspars and kaolinite as major phases, and optical microscope observations evidenced Fe-rich weathered layers surrounding particles, as well as organic material that might play a role in REEs distribution.X-ray spectromicroscopy analyses of soil thin sections (bare and planted) were performed at SSRL (beamline 2-3) and SOLEIL (LUCIA). We targeted the most concentrated REEs in the bulk soil, i.e., La, Ce and Nd. Overlaps in the fluorescence lines of REEs and transition metals (Ba, Ti) obliged us to perform fitting of the fluorescence signal in each pixel of the maps. Then, µXANES spectra at REE L-edges were collected to confirm the presence of REEs. The use of µXANES allowed us to detect very low quantities of REEs that were not detectable in global fluorescence maps. The combination of spectromicroscopy and fluorescence mapping was crucial and powerful to detect low levels of REEs in heterogeneous material.We evidenced the co-localization of REEs with Fe oxides, and, in reclaimed and vegetated samples, with roots. The high number of measurements performed on LUCIA beamline showed us that Ce speciation was predominantly Ce4+ when not accompanied by others REEs. In contrast, Ce3+ is systematically associated with Nd3+ and La3+.This work is, to our knowledge, the first to address REE distribution and speciation in soils. It provides significantly enhanced understanding of processes governing REE behaviour in mine tailings and will help designing successful reclamation techniques of contaminated land. It will contribute to validate process-based geochemical models describing REE behaviour, allowing to predict REE fate with ongoing reclamation.
Published: 2021

33. New Forest Aboveground Biomass Maps of China Integrating Multiple Datasets

Author: Ying-Ping Wang, Mengxiao Yu, Youxin Ma, Sheng Du, Sanaa Hobeichi, Sassan Saatchi, Genxu Wang, Nannan Cao, Keping Ma, Huabing Huang, Lei Fan, Yang Chen, Zhongbing Chang, Shenggong Li, Xuli Tang, Guoyi Zhou, Shijie Han, Gab Abramowitz, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Junhua Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), University of South Wales (USW), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Southwest University [Chongqing], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: China, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, Science, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Decision tree, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, remote sensing, forest aboveground biomass, carbon stock, field measurements, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Field (geography), 020801 environmental engineering, Random forest, Weighting, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Scale (map)
Abstract: International audience; Mapping the spatial variation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) at the national or regional scale is important for estimating carbon emissions and removals and contributing to global stocktake and balancing the carbon budget. Recently, several gridded forest AGB products have been produced for China by integrating remote sensing data and field measurements, yet significant discrepancies remain among these products in their estimated AGB carbon, varying from 5.04 to 9.81 Pg C. To reduce this uncertainty, here, we first compiled independent, high-quality field measurements of AGB using a systematic and consistent protocol across China from 2011 to 2015. We applied two different approaches, an optimal weighting technique (WT) and a random forest regression method (RF), to develop two observationally constrained hybrid forest AGB products in China by integrating five existing AGB products. The WT method uses a linear combination of the five existing AGB products with weightings that minimize biases with respect to the field measurements, and the RF method uses decision trees to predict a hybrid AGB map by minimizing the bias and variance with respect to the field measurements. The forest AGB stock in China was 7.73 Pg C for the WT estimates and 8.13 Pg C for the RF estimates. Evaluation with the field measurements showed that the two hybrid AGB products had a lower RMSE (29.6 and 24.3 Mg/ha) and bias (-4.6 and -3.8 Mg/ha) than all five participating AGB datasets. Our study demonstrated both the WT and RF methods can be used to harmonize existing AGB maps with field measurements to improve the spatial variability and reduce the uncertainty of carbon stocks. The new spatial AGB maps of China can be used to improve estimates of carbon emissions and removals at the national and subnational scales.
Published: 2021

34. The role of mangrove fine root production and decomposition on soil organic carbon component ratios

Author: Shing Yip Lee, Yisheng Peng, Yasong Zhang, Mikael Motelica-Heino, Dongsheng Guan, Ling Xiao, Yujuan Chen, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil salinity, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved organic carbon, Path analysis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SOC component ratios, Abiotic component, Biomass (ecology), Mangrove fine root, Decomposition, Sea-land gradient, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Production, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Litter, Environmental science, Mangrove
Abstract: International audience; Mangrove fine roots are an important contributor to soil organic matter (SOC), yet how their production and decomposition affect SOC accumulation across the sea-land gradient is still elusive. This study aimed to investigate the influencing path of biotic and abiotic factors of fine root production and decomposition dynamics on SOC component ratios involving particulate organic carbon (POC)/SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/SOC, and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)/SOC. Based upon sequential root coring and the litter bag method, the production, and decomposition of mangrove fine roots were investigated. The production and turnover rate of mangrove fine roots increased from 90.9 g⋅m − 2 to 510.9 g⋅m − 2 and 0.44 yr − 1 to 1.49 yr − 1 across the sea-land gradient respectively. After one year of decomposition, 69.5-80.8% and 58.3-69.2% of low-order and highorder fine roots remained, respectively. Decomposition rates of both low-order and high-order fine roots were significantly slower in the landward zone than in the seaward zones. Redundancy analysis (RDA) illustrated that vegetation biomass and soil salinity were respectively the main biotic and abiotic factors affecting the production and decomposition of mangrove fine roots and they explained 91.2% of mangrove fine root production and decomposition. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the production of fine roots was mainly influenced by mangrove vegetation biomass while their decomposition was negatively affected by soil salinity. POC and SOC increased significantly from 20.13 t⋅ha − 1 to 58.71 t⋅ha − 1 and 78.42 t⋅ha − 1 to 139.01 t⋅ha − 1 respectively while DOC/SOC and MBC/SOC reduced from 0.33 to 0.24 and from 0.55 to 0.44 across the sea-land gradient. RDA results indicated that low-order fine root production was the major control of the ratio of SOC components among the production and decomposition of low-order and high-order fine roots, explaining 90.9% of SOC component ratio changes. Based upon structural equation modeling, the path coefficient of biotic and abiotic factors POC/SOC was 0.914 (P < 0.001), indicating that mangrove fine root production affecting by vegetation biomass and soil salinity was the main drive of SOC accumulation. Nevertheless, mangrove fine root decomposition played a minor role in SOC component change. The information gained in this study will facilitate policy decisions concerning the restoration of mangrove forests in China.
Published: 2021

35. ARIA‐EAACI care pathways for allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergy

Author: Bousquet, Jean, Pfaar, Oliver, Agache, Ioana, Bedbrook, Anna, Akdis, Cezmi A, Canonica, Giorgio Walter, Chivato, Tomas, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Rasib, A. H. Abdul, Ansotegui, Ignacio J, Bachert, Claus, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Laune, Daniel, Casale, Tomas, Levin, Michael, Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C, O'Mahony, Liam, Lombardi, Carlo, Riggioni, Carmen, Hossny, Elham, Barata, Luís Taborda, Lourenço, Olga, Devillier, Philippe, Mahboub, Bassam, Malling, Hans-Jørgen, Sheikh, Aziz, Manning, Patrick, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Marshall, Gailen D, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Melén, Erik, Fokkens, Wytske J, Meltzer, Eli O, Miculinic, Neven, Soto-Quiros, Manuel, Milenkovic, Branislava, Roberts, Graham, Ohta, Ken, Scichilone, Nicola, Moin, Mostafa, Odemyr, Mikaëla, Montefort, Stephen, Almeida, Mário Morais, Bom, Ana Todo, Mortz, Charlotte G, Serpa, Faradiba S, Patella, Vincenzo, Sova, Milan, Mösges, Ralph, Mullol, Joaquim, Namazova Baranova, Leyla, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Neffen, Hugo, Bjermer, Leif, Rodriguez-Gonzales, Monica, Torres, Maria J, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Pajno, Giovanni B, Baharuddin, Abdullah, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sastre, Joaquin, Untersmayr, Eva, Pawankar, Ruby, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Plavec, Davor, Cardona, Victoria, Dokic, Dejan, Sisul, Juan Carlos, Rosario, Nelson, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip W, Del Giacco, Stefano, Fonseca, Joao A, Schwarze, Jürgen, Scadding, Glenis K, Shamji, Mohamed H, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Niedoszytko, Marek, Valentin-Rostan, Marylin, Sofiev, Mikhail, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Palkonen, Susanna, Urrutia-Pereira, Marilyn, Skypala, Isabel, Suppli-Ulrik, Charlotte, Bonini, Matteo, Popov, Todor A, Tomazic, Peter-Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Cepeda Sarabia, Alfonso M, Ryan, Dermot, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Valiulis, Arunas, Durham, Stephen L, Schünemann, Holger, Kalayci, Omer, Valovirta, Erkka, Panzner, Petr, Vandenplas, Olivier, Ventura, Maria Teresa, Gotua, Maia, Vichyanond, Pakit, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Wagenmann, Martin, Fontaine, Jean-François, Kull, Inger, Wallace, Dana, Recto, Marysia, Walusiak-Skorupa, Jolanta, Wang, De Yun, Hrubiško, Martin, Waserman, Susan, Ebisawa, Motohiro, Bosse, Isabelle, Grisle, Ineta, Wong, Gary Wk, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Yusuf, Osman M, Khaitov, Musa, Zernotti, Mario, Gawlik, Radoslaw, Chu, Derek K, Irani, Carla, Zhang, Luo, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zuberbier, Torsten, Kuna, Piotr, Jutel, Marek, Guzmán, Maria Antonieta, El-Gamal, Yehia, Klimek, Ludger, Brough, Helen A, Brussino, Luisa, Calderon, Moises A, Caraballo, Luis, O'Hehir, Robyn E, Gelincik, Asli, Kvedariene, Violeta, Cirule, Ieva, Cruz, Alvaro A, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Nekam, Kristof, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Haahtela, Tari, Emuzyte, Regina, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Fauquert, Jean Luc, Palomares, Oscar, Regateiro, Frederico S, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Gereda, Jose E, Gerth van Wijk, Roy, Bergmann, Karl-Christian, Knol, Edward, Halken, Susanne, Heffler, Enrico, Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Martins, Pedro Carreiro, Kritikos, Vicky, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Julge, Kaja, Kaidashev, Igor, Demoly, Pascal, Kowalski, Marek, Kraxner, Helga, Ollert, Markus, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Lauerma, Antti, Lau, Susanne, Park, Hae-Sim, Gomez, R Maximiliano, Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), uBibliorum, Bousquet J., Pfaar O., Agache I., Bedbrook A., Akdis C.A., Canonica G.W., Chivato T., Al-Ahmad M., Abdul Latiff A.H., Ansotegui I.J., Bachert C., Baharuddin A., Bergmann K.-C., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bjermer L., Bonini M., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Brough H.A., Brussino L., Calderon M.A., Caraballo L., Cardona V., Carreiro-Martins P., Casale T., Cecchi L., Cepeda Sarabia A.M., Chkhartishvili E., Chu D.K., Cirule I., Cruz A.A., Czarlewski W., del Giacco S., Demoly P., Devillier P., Dokic D., Durham S.L., Ebisawa M., El-Gamal✝ Y., Emuzyte R., Gamkrelidze A., Fauquert J.L., Fiocchi A., Fokkens W.J., Fonseca J.A., Fontaine J.-F., Gawlik R., Gelincik A., Gemicioglu B., Gereda J.E., Gerth van Wijk R., Gomez R.M., Gotua M., Grisle I., Guzman M.-A., Haahtela T., Halken S., Heffler E., Hoffmann-Sommergruber K., Hossny E., Hrubisko M., Irani C., Ivancevich J.C., Ispayeva Z., Julge K., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Khaitov M., Klimek L., Knol E., Kowalski M.L., Kraxner H., Kull I., Kuna P., Kvedariene V., Kritikos V., Lauerma A., Lau S., Laune D., Levin M., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Lombardi C., Lourenco O.M., Mahboub B., Malling H.-J., Manning P., Marshall G.D., Melen E., Meltzer E.O., Miculinic N., Milenkovic B., Moin M., Montefort S., Morais-Almeida M., Mortz C.G., Mosges R., Mullol J., Namazova Baranova L., Neffen H., Nekam K., Niedoszytko M., Odemyr M., O'Hehir R.E., Ollert M., O'Mahony L., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Pajno G.B., Palomares O., Palkonen S., Panzner P., G Papadopoulos N., Park H.-S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pawankar R., Pham-Thi N., Plavec D., Popov T.A., Recto M., Regateiro F.S., Riggioni C., Roberts G., Rodriguez-Gonzales M., Rosario N., Rottem M., Rouadi P.W., Ryan D., Samolinski B., Sanchez-Borges✝ M., Serpa F.S., Sastre J., Scadding G.K., Shamji M.H., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Schunemann H.J., Sheikh A., Scichilone N., Sisul J.C., Sofiev M., Sole D., Sooronbaev T., Soto-Martinez M., Soto-Quiros M., Sova M., Schwarze J., Skypala I., Suppli-Ulrik C., Taborda-Barata L., Todo-Bom A., Torres M.J., Valentin-Rostan M., Tomazic P.-V., Valero A., Toppila-Salmi S., Tsiligianni I., Untersmayr E., Urrutia-Pereira M., Valiulis A., Valovirta E., Vandenplas O., Ventura M.T., Vichyanond P., Wagenmann M., Wallace D., Walusiak-Skorupa J., Wang D.Y., Waserman S., Wong G.W.K., Yorgancioglu A., Yusuf O.M., Zernotti M., Zhang L., Zidarn M., Zuberbier T., Jutel M., HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki, Department of Pathology, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Transilvania University of Brasov, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Universidad San Pablo CEU, Kuwait University, Al-Rashed Allergy Center [Kuwait City], Pantai Hospital [Kuala Lumpur], Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Ghent University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Odense University Hospital (OUH), Skane University Hospital [Lund], Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), Woolcock Institute of Medical Research [Sydney], The University of Sydney, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], King‘s College London, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), University of Cartagena, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central E.P.E, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Azienda Usl Toscana centro [Firenze], Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB), David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Children's Clinical University Hospital [Riga, Latvia] (CCUH), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Sagamihara National Hospital [Kanagawa, Japan], Université Ain Shams, Vilnius University [Vilnius], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center [Rozzano, Milan, Italy], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Hôtel-Dieu de France (HDF), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Tartu University Hospital [Tartu, Estonia], Ukrainina Medical Stomatological Academy [Poltava, Ukraine], Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine [Singapore], The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Manisa Celal Bayar University, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Herrada, Anthony, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, and UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, precision medicine, education, Immunology, Review, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, immune system diseases, HDE ALER, allergic rhinitis, asthma, immunotherapy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rhinitis, RC581-607, respiratory tract diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, allergic rhinitis, asthma, immunotherapy, precision medicine
Abstract: Funding Information: BSreports personal fees from Allergopharma, during the conduct of the study; grants from National Health Programm, grant, personal fees from Polpharma, ASTRA, personal fees from Mylan, Adamed, patient ombudsman, national Centre for Research and Development, Polish Allergology Society. Funding Information: NGP reports personal fees from Novartis, Nutricia, HAL, MENARINI/FAES FARMA, SANOFI, MYLAN/MEDA, BIOMAY, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, ASIT BIOTECH, Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Gerolymatos International SA, Capricare. Funding Information: CA reports grants from Allergopharma, grants from Idorsia, Swiss National Science Foundation, Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education, European Commission's Horison's 2020 Framework Programme, Cure, Novartis Research Institutes, Astra Zeneca, scibase, advisory role in Sanofi/Regeneron, grants from Glakso Smith‐Kline, advisory role in scibase. Funding Information: MJTreports grants from European Commission, SEAIC, ISCIII, personal fees from Diater laboratory, Leti laboratory, Aimmune Therapeutics. Funding Information: LK reports grants and personal fees from Allergopharma, MEDA/Mylan, LETI Pharma, Sanofi, grants from Stallergenes, Quintiles, ASIT biotech, grants from ALK Abelló, Lofarma, AstraZeneca, GSK, Inmunotk, personal fees from Allergy Therapeut., HAL Allergie, Cassella med; and Membership: AeDA, DGHNO, Deutsche Akademie für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie, HNO‐BV, GPA, EAACI. Funding Information: DPreports grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Menarini, Pliva, Belupo, AbbVie, Novartis, MSD, Chiesi, Revenio, personal fees and non‐financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, non‐financial support from Philips. Funding Information: OP reports grants and personal fees from ALK‐Abelló, Allergopharma, Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding B.V./HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, ASIT Biotech Tools S.A., Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, Anergis S.A., Glaxo Smith Kline, grants from Biomay, Circassia, Pohl‐Boskamp, Inmunotek S.L., personal fees from MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GA2LEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, Astellas Pharma Global, EUFOREA, ROXALL Medizin, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis and Sanofi‐Genzyme, Med Update Europe GmbH, streamedup! GmbH, John Wiley and Sons, AS. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. publishersversion published
Published: 2021

36. Microwave surface transport in narrow-bandgap PdSe2 -MOSFETs

Author: T. Taniguchi, Z Liu, Christophe Voisin, R Le Goff, E. Bocquillon, Emmanuel Baudin, J.-M. Berroir, Y Peng, J Chazelas, Kenji Watanabe, Bernard Plaçais, M. Rosticher, Gwendal Fève, Nano-Optique, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Physique Mésoscopique, Unité de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), CNRS International - NTU - Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), THALES [France]-Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), photodetection, Materials science, microwave, business.industry, Band gap, Mechanical Engineering, PdSe2, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, MOSFET, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, transistor, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: Group-10 transition-metal dichalcogenides are puckered van der Waals semiconductors, with a narrow bandgap, envisioned for ultra-broadband infrared (IR) detection. To assess their dynamical transport properties we investigate P d S e 2 n-MOSFETs by using microwave admittance spectroscopy. We report on surface channel inversion-depletion-accumulation behaviors with a depletion length of 15 n m , a mobility of 110 c m 2 V − 1 s − 1 , and a bulk bandgap of 0.15 e V . Our 10 µm long devices have an electronic cut-off frequency in the GHz range promising a large gain-bandwidth product, competitive with that of III–V (InAs) and II–VI (HgCdTe) devices. The integration of bulk absorption and surface readout in P d S e 2 -MOSFETs is a monolithic geometry suitable for fast IR detection in the application-rich 1– 10 μ m range, which includes molecular spectroscopy, atmospheric communications and thermal sensing.
Published: 2021

37. Weighted $$L^2$$ Version of Mergelyan and Carleman Approximation

Author: John Erik Fornæss, Séverine Biard, Jujie Wu, Laboratoire de Mathématiques pour l’Ingénieur (LMI), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Subharmonic function, Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematics::Complex Variables, 010102 general mathematics, Holomorphic function, Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, [MATH.MATH-CV]Mathematics [math]/Complex Variables [math.CV], 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, State (functional analysis), Lipschitz continuity, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Domain (mathematical analysis), Combinatorics, Square-integrable function, Differential geometry, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics::Metric Geometry, Geometry and Topology, 0101 mathematics, Complex Variables (math.CV), Mathematics
Abstract: We study the density of polynomials in $H^2(E,\varphi)$, the space of square integrable functions with respect to $e^{-\varphi}dm$ and holomorphic on the interior of $E$ in $\mathbb{C}$, where $\varphi$ is a subharmonic function and $dm$ is a measure on $E$. We give a result where $E$ is the union of a Lipschitz graph and a Carath\'{e}odory domain, that we state as a weighted $L^2$-version of the Mergelyan theorem. We also prove a weighted $L^2$-version of the Carleman theorem. Keywords: Mergelyan theorem, Carleman theorem, Weighted $L^2$- spaces, Rectifiable non-Lipschitz arc, Comment: 26 pages, Comments are welcome
Published: 2021

38. Acceleration of western Arctic sea ice loss linked to the Pacific North American pattern

Author: Gabriel J. Bowen, Zhongwang Wei, Francis Codron, Zhongfang Liu, Sha Li, Xiaogang He, Camille Risi, Dong Chen, Christopher J. Poulsen, State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology [Shanghai], Tongji University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), University of Utah, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Downwelling, Sea ice, Arctic climate, Atmospheric science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Greenhouse warming, Advection, General Chemistry, Longwave radiation, Arctic ice pack, 030104 developmental biology, Ocean sciences, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, human activities, geographic locations
Abstract: Recent rapid Arctic sea-ice reduction has been well documented in observations, reconstructions and model simulations. However, the rate of sea ice loss is highly variable in both time and space. The western Arctic has seen the fastest sea-ice decline, with substantial interannual and decadal variability, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, through both observations and model simulations, that the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern is an important driver of western Arctic sea-ice variability, accounting for more than 25% of the interannual variance. Our results suggest that the recent persistent positive PNA pattern has led to increased heat and moisture fluxes from local processes and from advection of North Pacific airmasses into the western Arctic. These changes have increased lower-tropospheric temperature, humidity and downwelling longwave radiation in the western Arctic, accelerating sea-ice decline. Our results indicate that the PNA pattern is important for projections of Arctic climate changes, and that greenhouse warming and the resultant persistent positive PNA trend is likely to increase Arctic sea-ice loss., The fastest sea-ice decline has been observed in the western Arctic, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, the authors show that the Pacific North American pattern plays an important role in western Arctic sea-ice variability.
Published: 2021

39. Comparison of Absorbed and Intercepted Fractions of PAR for Individual Trees Based on Radiative Transfer Model Simulations

Author: Genevieve Ow, Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof, Shanshan Wei, Wenjuan Li, Andrew J. Whittle, Tiangang Yin, Wojciech Wojnowski, Xian-Xiang Li, University of Gdańsk (UG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Maryland [Baltimore], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), National University of Singapore (NUS), and Singapore Botanic Gardens
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, discrete anisotropic radiative transfer model (DART), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, urban background, Science, Irradiance, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, urban individual tree, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Radiative transfer, Zenith, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, illumination, Crown (botany), Primary production, 15. Life on land, Photosynthetically active radiation, fAPAR, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, fIPAR, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) is a key parameter for estimating the gross primary production (GPP) of trees. For continuous, dense forest canopies, fAPAR, is often equated with the intercepted fraction, fIPAR. This assumption is not valid for individual trees in urban environments or parkland settings where the canopy is sparse and there are well-defined tree crown boundaries. Here, the distinction between fAPAR and fIPAR can be strongly influenced by the background and large illumination variations due to multi-scattering and shadows of buildings. This study investigates the radiative budget of PAR bands using a coupled leaf-canopy radiative transfer model (PROSPECT-DART), considering a suite of tropical tree species over a wide range of assumed leaf chlorophyll contents. The analyses simulate hyperspectral images (5 nm bandwidth) of individual tree crowns for the selected background (concrete vs. grass) and illumination conditions. We then use an artificial neural network-based method to partition sunlit vs. shaded leaves within each crown, as the latter have lower fAPAR and fIPAR values. Our results show fAPAR of sunlit leaves decreases with the ratio of diffuse to direct scene irradiance (SKYL), while SKYL has minimal influence for shaded leaves. Both fAPAR and fIPAR decrease at more oblique solar zenith angles (SZA). Higher values of fAPAR and fIPAR occur with concrete backgrounds and the influence of the background is larger at higher diffuse ratio and solar zenith angles. The results show that fIPAR is typically 6–9% higher than fAPAR, and up to 14% higher for sunlit leaves with a concrete background at SKYL = 0. The differences between the fIPAR and fAPAR also depend on the health condition of the leaves, such as chlorophyll content. This study can improve the understanding of urban individual trees fAPAR/fIPAR and facilitate the development of protocols for fAPAR field measurements.
Published: 2021

40. The δ -ALE-SPH model: An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework for the δ -SPH model with particle shifting technique

Author: Antuono, M., Sun, P.N., Marrone, S., Colagrossi, A., Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), and École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]
Published: 2021

41. COVID-19-related medical research: a meta-research and critical appraisal

Author: Raynaud, Marc, Zhang, Huanxi, Louis, Kevin, Goutaudier, Valentin, Wang, Jiali, Dubourg, Quentin, Wei, Yongcheng, Demir, Zeynep, Debiais, Charlotte, Aubert, Olivier, Bouatou, Yassine, Lefaucheur, Carmen, Jabre, Patricia, Liu, Longshan, Wang, Changxi, Jouven, Xavier, Reese, Peter, Empana, Jean-Philippe, Loupy, Alexandre, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Pennsylvania, and Malbec, Odile
Subjects: China, lcsh:R5-920, Biomedical Research, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], India, COVID-19, Critical appraisal, United Kingdom, United States, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Italy, Quality of research, Systematic review, Humans, lcsh:Medicine (General), Pandemics, Research Article
Abstract: Background Since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, a large number of COVID-19-related papers have been published. However, concerns about the risk of expedited science have been raised. We aimed at reviewing and categorizing COVID-19-related medical research and to critically appraise peer-reviewed original articles. Methods The data sources were Pubmed, Cochrane COVID-19 register study, arXiv, medRxiv and bioRxiv, from 01/11/2019 to 01/05/2020. Peer-reviewed and preprints publications related to COVID-19 were included, written in English or Chinese. No limitations were placed on study design. Reviewers screened and categorized studies according to i) publication type, ii) country of publication, and iii) topics covered. Original articles were critically appraised using validated quality assessment tools. Results Among the 11,452 publications identified, 10,516 met the inclusion criteria, among which 7468 (71.0%) were peer-reviewed articles. Among these, 4190 publications (56.1%) did not include any data or analytics (comprising expert opinion pieces). Overall, the most represented topics were infectious disease (n = 2326, 22.1%), epidemiology (n = 1802, 17.1%), and global health (n = 1602, 15.2%). The top five publishing countries were China (25.8%), United States (22.3%), United Kingdom (8.8%), Italy (8.1%) and India (3.4%). The dynamic of publication showed that the exponential growth of COVID-19 peer-reviewed articles was mainly driven by publications without original data (mean 261.5 articles ± 51.1 per week) as compared with original articles (mean of 69.3 ± 22.3 articles per week). Original articles including patient data accounted for 713 (9.5%) of peer-reviewed studies. A total of 576 original articles (80.8%) showed intermediate to high risk of bias. Last, except for simulation studies that mainly used large-scale open data, the median number of patients enrolled was of 102 (IQR = 37–337). Conclusions Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of research is composed by publications without original data. Peer-reviewed original articles with data showed a high risk of bias and included a limited number of patients. Together, these findings underscore the urgent need to strike a balance between the velocity and quality of research, and to cautiously consider medical information and clinical applicability in a pressing, pandemic context. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/5zjyx/ Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-020-01190-w.
Published: 2021

42. Output-feedback self-synchronization of directed Lur'e networks via global connectivity

Author: Wenwu Yu, Ali Zemouche, Guanghui Wen, Ju H. Park, Fan Zhang, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Nanjing Southeast University, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Yeungnam University [South Korea]
Subjects: Directed Lur'e network, Computer science, global connectivity, dynamic relative output-feedback, 02 engineering and technology, Topology, Synchronization, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, self-synchronization, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Algebraic connectivity, Sequence, Node (networking), Directed graph, Lipschitz continuity, Manifold, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Nonlinear system, Control and Systems Engineering, Bounded function, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Software, linear matrix inequality, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; In this article, we generalize the results on self-synchronization of Lur'e networks diffusively interconnected through dynamic relative output-feedback from the undirected graph case in Zhang et al. 2016 to the general directed graph case. A linear dynamic self-synchronization protocol of the same structure is adopted as the one proposed in Zhang et al. 2016. That is, the Lur'e-type nonlinearity is not involved in our self-synchronization protocol. It is in fact unknown and only assumed to be incrementally sector bounded within a given sector. In the absence of a leader Lur'e system defining the synchronization trajectory, we construct a novel self-synchronization manifold in order to derive the self-synchronization error dynamics. Meanwhile, the connectivity of the general directed graph having a directed spanning tree is quantified by the global connectivity, instead of the so-called general algebraic connectivity used in the directed graph case under static relative state feedback. The global connectivity plays a crucial role in handling self-synchronization problems of directed nonlinear networks via dynamic relative output feedback, including directed networks with the Lipschitz nonlinear node dynamics, which is also discussed in this article. The protocol parameter matrix design is performed by solving the obtained LMI conditions in sequence. In addition, some discussions are complemented on the important technical details in our self-synchronization protocol design along with extensions. Finally, our theoretical results are illustrated through numerical simulations over a directed nonlinear dynamical network.
Published: 2021

43. Element Case Studies: Rare Earth Elements

Author: Chang Liu, Ming Yuan, Wen-Shen Liu, Mei-Na Guo, Hong-Xiang Zheng, Hermine Huot, Bastien Jally, Ye-Tao Tang, Baptiste Laubie, Marie-Odile Simonnot, Jean Louis Morel, Rong-Liang Qiu, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. van der Ent, A.J.M. Baker, G. Echevarria, M.O. Simonnot, and J.L. Morel
Subjects: 13. Climate action, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The growing demand for strategic resources such as rare earth elements (REEs) for development of modern technologies has spurred an increase in mining activities and consequently a release of REEs into the environment, posing a potential threat to human health. Phytoextraction or phytomining, regarded as an in situ and low-cost means to use the growth and harvest of hyperaccumulator plants that take up high concentrations of metals in their shoots, allowing metal removal from contaminated soil (phytoextraction) or commercial production of high value metals (phytomining). In this chapter, we review the discovery of REE hyperaccumulators worldwide, focusing on the fern species Dicranopteris linearis (synonym D. dichotoma) that preferentially takes up light REEs and Phytolacca americana that preferentially incorporates heavy REEs. Although less well understood, mechanisms of REE uptake, translocation, and distribution in hyperaccumulator plants are discussed. Finally, we analyze the challenge of improving REE yield by phytomining, and taking D. linearis and P. americana as examples, estimate the phytomining potential for REEs using these species based on their biomass production, REE concentrations in the ash and current market prices for REEs.; La demande croissante de ressources stratégiques telles que les éléments de terres rares (ETR) pour le développement de technologies modernes a entraîné une augmentation des activités minières et, par conséquent, un rejet d'ETR dans l'environnement, ce qui constitue une menace potentielle pour la santé humaine. La phytoextraction ou phytomining, considérée comme un moyen in situ et peu coûteux d'utiliser la croissance et la récolte de plantes hyperaccumulatrices qui absorbent de fortes concentrations de métaux dans leurs pousses, permet d'éliminer les métaux des sols contaminés (phytoextraction) ou de produire commercialement des métaux de grande valeur (phytomining). Dans ce chapitre, nous passons en revue la découverte des hyperaccumulateurs d'ETR dans le monde, en nous concentrant sur les espèces de fougères Dicranopteris linearis (synonyme D. dichotoma) qui absorbe préférentiellement les ETR légers et Phytolacca americana qui incorpore préférentiellement les ETR lourds. Bien que moins bien compris, les mécanismes d'absorption, de translocation et de distribution des ETR dans les plantes hyperaccumulatrices sont discutés. Enfin, nous analysons le défi d'améliorer le rendement des ETR par phytomining, et en prenant D. linearis et P. americana comme exemples, nous estimons le potentiel de phytomining pour les ETR en utilisant ces espèces sur la base de leur production de biomasse, des concentrations en ETR dans les cendres et des prix actuels du marché pour les ETR.
Published: 2021

44. Boron nitride nanosheets can induce water channels across lipid bilayers leading to lysosomal permeabilization

Author: Alberto Bianco, Paula Weston, Matteo Andrea Lucherelli, Paolo Samorì, Huajian Gao, Matilde Eredia, Annette von dem Bussche, Wenpeng Zhu, Xuliang Qian, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, University of Strasbourg, France, Brown University, USA, Sun Yat-sen University, China, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique (I2CT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brown University, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), and univOAK, Archive ouverte
Subjects: Lipid Bilayers, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Molecular Dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Cathepsin B, Nanomaterials, Cell membrane, Molecular dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biomembranes, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], General Materials Science, Lipid bilayer, nanomaterials, lungs, Biological sciences::Biophysics [Science], White Graphene, biomembranes, Cell Uptake, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Exfoliation joint, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mechanics of Materials, Boron nitride, Chimie/Chimie thérapeutique, White graphene, 0210 nano-technology, Boron Compounds, Materials science, Cell Survival, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, 010402 general chemistry, Mathematics and analysis::Simulations [Engineering], Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Nanotechnology [Engineering], Mechanical Engineering, Cell Membrane, molecular dynamics, In vitro, Nanostructures, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Medicine::Biomedical engineering [Science], Biophysics, cell uptake, Lungs, Lysosomes
Abstract: While the interaction between 2D materials and cells is of key importance to the development of nanomedicines and safe applications of nanotechnology, still little is known about the biological interactions of many emerging 2D materials. Here, an investigation of how hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) interacts with the cell membrane is carried out by combining molecular dynamics (MD), liquid-phase exfoliation, and in vitro imaging methods. MD simulations reveal that a sharp hBN wedge can penetrate a lipid bilayer and form a cross-membrane water channel along its exposed polar edges, while a round hBN sheet does not exhibit this behavior. It is hypothesized that such water channels can facilitate cross-membrane transport, with important consequences including lysosomal membrane permeabilization, an emerging mechanism of cellular toxicity that involves the release of cathepsin B and generation of radical oxygen species leading to cell apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, two types of hBN nanosheets, one with a rhomboidal, cornered morphology and one with a round morphology, are prepared, and human lung epithelial cells are exposed to both materials. The cornered hBN with lateral polar edges results in a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, whereas round hBN does not cause significant toxicity, thus confirming our premise. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University M.A.L. and X.Q. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the EU Graphene Flagship project (No. 881603) and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-15-GRFL-0001-05, G-Immunomics). H.G. acknowledges support from the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) under T1 Award #020565-00001. X.Q. and H.G. acknowledge support from a start-up grant from the Nanyang Technological University. X.Q. acknowledges support from the Presidential Fellowship from Brown University. This work was supported in part by ANR through the LabEx project Chemistry of Complex Systems (ANR-10-LABX-0026_CSC). The authors wish to acknowledge the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC). Molecular dynamics simulations reported were performed on resources provided by the Center for Computation and Visualization at Brown University, the High Performance Computing Centre at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and the National Supercomputing Centre, Singapore (http://www.nscc.sg). The authors are indebted to Shi Guo and Fanny Richard for their help in sample preparation and XRD analyses, to Cathy Royer from the Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro de l'ITI Neurostra for SEM analyses, and to Islah El Masoudi for the ICP-MS measurements.
Published: 2021

45. A simplified analysis of the Chernobyl accident

Author: Jiajie Liang, Di Yang, Bertrand Mercier, Ziyue Zhuang, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Shock wave, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Flash evaporation, Mechanics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Rod, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Core (optical fiber), Xenon, chemistry, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Void (composites), RBMK, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We show with simplified numerical models, that for the kind of RBMK operated in Chernobyl: The core was unstable due to its large size and to its weak power counter-reaction coefficient, so that the power of the reactor was not easy to control even with an automatic system. Xenon oscillations could easily be activated. When there was xenon poisoning in the upper half of the core, the safety rods were designed in such a way that, at least initially, they were increasing (and not decreasing) the core reactivity. This reactivity increase has been sufficient to lead to a very high pressure increase in a significant amount of liquid water in the fuel channels thus inducing a strong propagating shock wave leading to a failure of half the pressure tubes at their junction with the drum separators. The depressurization phase (flash evaporation) following this failure has produced, after one second, a significant decrease of the water density in half the pressure tubes and then a strong reactivity accident due to the positive void effect reactivity coefficient. We evaluate the fission energy released by the accident
Published: 2021

46. Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests

Author: Ying-Ping Wang, Bin He, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Jin Wu, Pierre Gentine, Chen Wang, Fanxi Gong, Fabienne Maignan, Hui Liu, Shilong Piao, Yongxian Su, Qing Ye, Liu Liyang, Xuli Tang, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Xiuzhi Chen, Jiali Shang, Hui Yang, Xueqin Yang, Lei Fan, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Peking University [Beijing], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Southwest University [Chongqing], Columbia University [New York], Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Canada Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, canopy height, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Climate Change, Biome, Climate change, Water supply, drought, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Trees, vegetation optical depth, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Water content, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, tropical forests, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Tropical Climate, microwave remote sensing, Ecology, canopy dynamics, business.industry, 15. Life on land, Droughts, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dryness, Environmental science, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: International audience; Our limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time-series records of remotely sensed Ku-band vegetation optical depth (Ku-VOD), a proxy of top-canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku-VOD changes into drought-induced reductions and subsequent non-drought gains. Both drought-induced reductions and non-drought increases in Ku-VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku-VOD reductions during drought and larger non-drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta-analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem-transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku-VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height-dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought.
Published: 2021

47. Sequential Resource Access: Theory and Algorithm

Author: Lin Shan, Wei Wang, Lin Chen, Anastasios Giovanidis, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Networks and Performance Analysis (NPA), LIP6, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Approximation algorithm, Time horizon, Symmetric multiprocessor system, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Resource (project management), Key (cryptography), Overhead (computing), Pruning (decision trees), Time complexity
Abstract: We formulate and analyze a generic sequential resource access problem arising in a variety of engineering fields, where a user disposes a number of heterogeneous computing, communication, or storage resources, each characterized by the probability of successfully executing the user's task and the related access delay and cost, and seeks an optimal access strategy to maximize her utility within a given time horizon, defined as the expected reward minus the access cost. We develop an algorithmic framework on the (near-)optimal sequential resource access strategy. We first prove that the problem of finding an optimal strategy is NP-hard in general. Given the hardness result, we present a greedy strategy implementable in linear time, and establish the closed-form sufficient condition for its optimality. We then develop a series of polynomial-time approximation algorithms achieving $(\epsilon,\delta)$-optimality, with the key component being a pruning process eliminating dominated strategies and, thus maintaining polynomial time and space overhead., Comment: 10 pages double column, accepted paper at IEEE INFOCOM 2021. This is the author-submitted version
Published: 2020

48. HYPROP measurements of the unsaturated hydraulic properties of a carbonate rock sample

Author: Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Tatiana Lipovetsky, Austin Boyd, Luca Moriconi, Luwen Zhuang, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Elizabeth M. Pontedeiro, Paulo Couto, José L. D. Alves, Hydrogeology, Environmental hydrogeology, TATIANA LIPOVETSKY, UFRJ, LUWEN ZHUANG, UTRECHT UNIVERSITY/SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY, WENCESLAU GERALDES TEIXEIRA, CNPS, AUSTIN BOYD, UFRJ, ELIZABETH MAY PONTEDEIRO, UFRJ/UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, LUCA MORICONI, UFRJ, JOSÉ L. D. ALVES, UFRJ, PAULO COUTO, UFRJ, MARTINUS TH. VAN GENUCHTEN, UTRECHT UNIVERSITY/UNESP., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Utrecht University, Sun Yat-sen University, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP)
Subjects: Evaporação, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rocha carbonática, Condutividade Hidráulica, HYPROP evaporation method, Flow (psychology), 0207 environmental engineering, Evaporation, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, WP4C, 01 natural sciences, Hydraulic conductivity, Rocha, Propriedades hidráulicas insaturadas, medicine, Fluid dynamics, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Carbonate rock, 6. Clean water, Unsaturated hydraulic Properties, Water retention, Dew point, Funções hidráulicas bimodais, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Soil water, Bimodal hydraulic functions, medicine.symptom, Geology, Método de evaporação HYPROP
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:15:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 The unsaturated hydraulic properties provide important theoretical and practical information about fluid flow in soils and rocks for a range of soil, environmental and engineering applications. In this study we used the evaporation (HYPROP) and chilled-mirror dew point (WP4C) methods to estimate the water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves of an Indiana Limestone carbonate rock sample. The obtained data were analyzed in terms of unimodal and bimodal VG (van Genuchten, 1980) and PDI (Peters et al., 2015) type functions. Bimodal functions were found to produce excellent descriptions for the unsaturated hydraulic data we measured, slightly better than the standard unimodal formulations. For our particular test using an Indiana Limestone rock sample, we did not find much improvement when accounting for film and corner flow using the PDI formulation, relative to the VG model. As far as we know, this is the first time the HYPROP methodology was applied to a rock sample. LRAP Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Embrapa Soils Department of Physics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Center for Environmental Studies CEA São Paulo State University UNESP Center for Environmental Studies CEA São Paulo State University UNESP
Published: 2020

49. EXT1 and EXT2 Variants in 22 Chinese Families With Multiple Osteochondromas: Seven New Variants and Potentiation of Preimplantation Genetic Testing and Prenatal Diagnosis

Author: Ye Wang, Liangying Zhong, Yan Xu, Lei Ding, Yuanjun Ji, Sacha Schutz, Claude Férec, David N. Cooper, Caixia Xu, Jian-Min Chen, Yanmin Luo, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Cardiff University, and PODEUR, Sophie
Subjects: lcsh:QH426-470, In silico, Genetic counseling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], multiple osteochondromas, EXT2 gene, Prenatal diagnosis, Biology, symbols.namesake, pathogenic variant, Skeletal disorder, EXT1 gene, medicine, Genetics, Missense mutation, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Genetic testing, Original Research, Sanger sequencing, prenatal diagnosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Genetics, symbols, Molecular Medicine, preimplantation genetic testing
Abstract: Multiple osteochondromas (MO), the most common type of benign bone tumor, is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by multiple cartilage-capped bony protuberances. In most cases,EXT1andEXT2, which encode glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate, are the genes responsible. Here we describe the clinical, phenotypic and genetic characterization of MO in 22 unrelated Chinese families involving a total of 60 patients. Variant detection was performed by means of a battery of different techniques including Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing (WES). The pathogenicity of the missense and splicing variants was explored by means ofin silicoprediction algorithms. Sixteen unique pathogenic variants, including 10 in theEXT1gene and 6 in theEXT2gene, were identified in 18 (82%) of the 22 families. Fourteen (88%) of the 16 variants were predicted to give rise to truncated proteins whereas the remaining two were missense. Seven variants were newly described here, further expanding the spectrum of MO-causing variants in theEXT1andEXT2genes. More importantly, the identification of causative variants allowed us to provide genetic counseling to 8 MO patients in terms either of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) or prenatal diagnosis, thereby preventing the reoccurrence of MO in the corresponding families. This study is the first to report the successful implementation of PGT in MO families and describes the largest number of subjects undergoing prenatal diagnosis to date.
Published: 2020

50. A global multinational survey of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms in urban wastewater treatment plants

Author: Yunho Lee, Manika Choudhury, Om Prakash, Donald Morrison, Hélène Guilloteau, Heidrun Mayrhofer, María Inmaculada Polo-López, Belen Esteban, Katarzyna Slipko, Leonardo Pantoja Munoz, Samira Nahim–Granados, José Manuel Guillén-Navarro, Marco Guida, Stela Krizanovic, Hemda Garelick, Pilar Caballero, Traore Ousmane, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Helmut Bürgmann, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić, Carsten Ulrich Schwermer, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Milena Milaković, Ester Heath, Marta Piotrowska, Andrea Di Cesare, Célia M. Manaia, Ying Yang, Amy Pruden, Anne F.C. Leonard, Erica Donner, Tanel Telson, Christophe Merlin, Karin Beck, Ana Agüera, Anhony A Adegoke, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Bastian Herzog, Joana Abreu-Silva, Leonie Henn, Norbert Kreuzinger, Younggun Yoon, Stefanie Heß, Olga C. Nunes, Alice L. Petre, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Gianluca Brunetti, Roberto B. M. Marano, Stella Michael, Thor A. Stenström, Ayella Maile-Moskowitz, Popi Karaolia, Joshua T. Bunce, Giovanni Libralato, Jérôme Ory, Yogesh Nimonkar, Alfieri Pollice, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Carlo Salerno, Andrew Scott, Shichun Zou, Antoni Oliver, Barbara Drigo, Isabel Martínez-Alcalá, Virginia Riquelme, Veljo Kisand, Anna Baraniak, William H. Gaze, Edward Topp, Edouard Jurkevitch, Isabel Henriques, Telma Fernandes, Eddie Cytryn, José Luis Balcázar, Marta Tacão, Thomas Schwartz, Thomas Jäger, Gianluca Corno, Mailis Laht, Thomas U. Berendonk, Roberto Rosal, Magdalena Popowska, Pawel Krzeminski, Connor L. Brown, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Marano, R. B. M., Fernandes, T., Manaia, C. M., Nunes, O., Morrison, D., Berendonk, T. U., Kreuzinger, N., Telson, T., Corno, G., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Merlin, C., Topp, E., Jurkevitch, E., Henn, L., Scott, A., Hess, S., Slipko, K., Laht, M., Kisand, V., Di Cesare, A., Karaolia, P., Michael, S. G., Petre, A. L., Rosal, R., Pruden, A., Riquelme, V., Aguera, A., Esteban, B., Luczkiewicz, A., Kalinowska, A., Leonard, A., Gaze, W. H., Adegoke, A. A., Stenstrom, T. A., Pollice, A., Salerno, C., Schwermer, C. U., Krzeminski, P., Guilloteau, H., Donner, E., Drigo, B., Libralato, G., Guida, M., Burgmann, H., Beck, K., Garelick, H., Tacao, M., Henriques, I., Martinez-Alcala, I., Guillen-Navarro, J. M., Popowska, M., Piotrowska, M., Quintela-Baluja, M., Bunce, J. T., Polo-Lopez, M. I., Nahim-Granados, S., Pons, M. -N., Milakovic, M., Udikovic-Kolic, N., Ory, J., Ousmane, T., Caballero, P., Oliver, A., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Balcazar, J. L., Jager, T., Schwartz, T., Yang, Y., Zou, S., Lee, Y., Yoon, Y., Herzog, B., Mayrhofer, H., Prakash, O., Nimonkar, Y., Heath, E., Baraniak, A., Abreu-Silva, J., Choudhury, M., Munoz, L. P., Krizanovic, S., Brunetti, G., Maile-Moskowitz, A., Brown, C., Cytryn, E., The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia (CQFB), Requimte, Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Universidade do Porto, Edinburgh Napier University, Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Technology [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus (UCY), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EKUK), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Area de Quimica Inorganica - Centro de Investigacion en Energia Solar (CIESOL) (CIESOL), Universidad de Almería (UAL), Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Durban University of Technology, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), University of South Australia [Adelaide], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Middlesex University [London], Universidade de Aveiro, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Applied Microbiology [Warsaw], Institute of Microbiology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), School of Engineering [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Plataforma Solar de Almeria – CIEMAT, Tabernas, Almeria, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratorio EMATSA, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), NCMR, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), National Medicines Institute - Narodowy Instytut Leków [Warsaw] (NIL), Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Volcani Center, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marano, Robert BM, Fernandes, Telma, Manaia, Celia M, Nunes, Olga, Donner, Erica, Drigo, Barbara, Brunetti, Gianluca, and Cytryn, Eddie
Subjects: Cefotaxime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coliforms, Antibiotic resistance, Sewage, Microorganismes -- Resistència als medicaments, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Surveys and Questionnaires, Microorganisms -- Drug resistance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, 6. Clean water, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Europe, Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences, Health, Sewage treatment, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, Life sciences, biology, Aigua -- Reutilització, Asia, Quantification methods, Aigües residuals -- Plantes de tractament, Culture and Communities, Water Purification, Applied microbiology, Water reuse, Environmental health, ddc:570, medicine, Microbiology Research Group, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, antibiotic resistance, coliforms, ESBLs, wastewater treatment, wastewater reuse, Sewage disposal plants, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Coliform, business.industry, Australia, Fecal coliform, Antibiotic resistance, Coliforms, ESBLs, Wastewater treatment, Water reuse, ESBL, North America, Environmental science, business
Abstract: The World Health Organization Global Action Plan recommends integrated surveillance programs as crucial strategies for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Although several national surveillance programs are in place for clinical and veterinary settings, no such schemes exist for monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this transnational study, we developed, validated, and tested a low-cost surveillance and easy to implement approach to evaluate antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by targeting cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) coliforms as indicators. The rationale for this approach was: i) coliform quantification methods are internationally accepted as indicators of fecal contamination in recreational waters and are therefore routinely applied in analytical labs; ii) CTX-R coliforms are clinically relevant, associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and are rare in pristine environments. We analyzed 57 WWTPs in 22 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. CTX-R coliforms were ubiquitous in raw sewage and their relative abundance varied significantly (
Published: 2020

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