312 results on '"Rudd, C"'
Search Results
2. Identification of Conserved ABC Importers Necessary for Intracellular Survival of Legionella pneumophila in Multiple Hosts
- Author
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Amrita Lama, Samuel L. Drennan, Rudd C. Johnson, Grace L. Rubenstein, and Eric D. Cambronne
- Subjects
Legionella ,pathogenesis ,transposon mutagenesis ,Acanthamoeba castellanii ,macrophage ,Dot/Icm T4b secretion system ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
It is established that the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila becomes significantly augmented for infection of macrophages after intracellular growth in amoebae when compared to like-strains cultivated in laboratory media. Based on this observation, we reasoned that the most critical virulence determinants of L.p. are expressed by responding to stimuli generated by the protozoan host specifically; a process we term “protozoan-priming.” We sought to identify L.p. virulence factors that were required for replication in amoebae in order to highlight the genes necessary for production of the most infectious form of the bacterium. Using a transposon mutagenesis screen, we successfully identified 12 insertions that produced bacteria severely attenuated for growth in amoebae, while retaining a functional Dot/Icm type IVb secretion system. Seven of these insertion mutants were found dispensable for growth in macrophages, revealing attractive therapeutic targets that reside upstream of the pathogen-human interface. Two candidates identified, lpg0730 and lpg0122 were required for survival and replication in amoebae and macrophage host cells. Both genes are conserved among numerous important human pathogenic bacteria that can persist or replicate in amoebae. Each gene encodes a component of an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport complex of unknown function. We demonstrate the lpg0730 ortholog in Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida to be essential for colonization of both protozoan and mammalian host cells, highlighting conserved survival mechanisms employed by bacteria that utilize protozoa as an environmental reservoir for replication.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. ChIP-Seq Analysis of the σE Regulon of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals New Genes Implicated in Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress Response.
- Author
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Jie Li, Christopher C Overall, Rudd C Johnson, Marcus B Jones, Jason E McDermott, Fred Heffron, Joshua N Adkins, and Eric D Cambronne
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The alternative sigma factor σE functions to maintain bacterial homeostasis and membrane integrity in response to extracytoplasmic stress by regulating thousands of genes both directly and indirectly. The transcriptional regulatory network governed by σE in Salmonella and E. coli has been examined using microarray, however a genome-wide analysis of σE-binding sites in Salmonella has not yet been reported. We infected macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium over a select time course. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), 31 σE-binding sites were identified. Seventeen sites were new, which included outer membrane proteins, a quorum-sensing protein, a cell division factor, and a signal transduction modulator. The consensus sequence identified for σE in vivo binding was similar to the one previously reported, except for a conserved G and A between the -35 and -10 regions. One third of the σE-binding sites did not contain the consensus sequence, suggesting there may be alternative mechanisms by which σE modulates transcription. By dissecting direct and indirect modes of σE-mediated regulation, we found that σE activates gene expression through recognition of both canonical and reversed consensus sequence. New σE regulated genes (greA, luxS, ompA and ompX) are shown to be involved in heat shock and oxidative stress responses.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Initial mechanical properties of phosphate-glass fibre-reinforced rods for use as resorbable intramedullary nails
- Author
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Felfel, R. M., Ahmed, I., Parsons, A. J., Harper, L. T., and Rudd, C. D.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Composites for bone repair: phosphate glass fibre reinforced PLA with varying fibre architecture
- Author
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Ahmed, I., Jones, I. A., Parsons, A. J., Bernard, J., Farmer, J., Scotchford, C. A., Walker, G. S., and Rudd, C. D.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A Novel Lactococcal Vaccine Expressing a Peptide from the M2 Antigen of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus Prolongs Survival of Vaccinated Chickens
- Author
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Kaleb A. Reese, Christopher Lupfer, Rudd C. Johnson, Georgi M. Mitev, Valerie M. Mullen, Bruce L. Geller, and Manoj Pastey
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
A cost-effective and efficacious influenza vaccine for use in commercial poultry farms would help protect against avian influenza outbreaks. Current influenza vaccines for poultry are expensive and subtype specific, and therefore there is an urgent need to develop a universal avian influenza vaccine. We have constructed a live bacterial vaccine against avian influenza by expressing a conserved peptide from the ectodomain of M2 antigen (M2e) on the surface of Lactococcus lactis (LL). Chickens were vaccinated intranasally with the lactococcal vaccine (LL-M2e) or subcutaneously with keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin conjugated M2e (KLH-M2e). Vaccinated and nonvaccinated birds were challenged with high pathogenic avian influenza virus A subtype H5N2. Birds vaccinated with LL-M2e or KLH-M2e had median survival times of 5.5 and 6.0 days, respectively, which were significantly longer than non-vaccinated birds (3.5 days). Birds vaccinated subcutaneously with KLH-M2e had a lower mean viral burden than either of the other two groups. However, there was a significant correlation between the time of survival and M2e-specific serum IgG. The results of these trials show that birds in both vaccinated groups had significantly (P
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Effects of aqueous aging on the mechanical properties of P40Na20Ca16Mg24 phosphate glass fibres
- Author
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Cozien-Cazuc, S., Parsons, A. J., Walker, G. S., Jones, I. A., and Rudd, C. D.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Skap1 regulates the affinity changes in LFA-1 through Talin and RIAM with TcR stimulation: W25.003
- Author
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Lim, D. and Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 2012
9. Adaptors TRIM and LAX regulate transport and surface expression of co-receptor CTLA-4 on T-cells: W06.005
- Author
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Schneider, H., Banton, M. C., Inder, K. L., Valk, E., and Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 2012
10. Specific Augmentation of Treg TCR Signaling and Antigen-Specific Proliferation In Vivo by Anti-CD45RB.: Abstract# 364
- Author
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Camirand, G., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Rudd, C. E., and Rothstein, D. M.
- Published
- 2012
11. A role for adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein in collagen-induced platelet activation mediated via integrin α2β1
- Author
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JARVIS, G. E., BIHAN, D., HAMAIA, S., PUGH, N., GHEVAERT, C. J. G., PEARCE, A. C., HUGHES, C. E., WATSON, S. P., WARE, J., RUDD, C. E., and FARNDALE, R. W.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. An historical and empirical analysis of the Belgian party systems : National and sub-national perspectives
- Author
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Rudd, C.
- Subjects
320 ,Political science - Published
- 1986
13. Vibration absorption performance of membrane-type metamaterial on a thin plate
- Author
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Cong Gao, Halim, D., and Rudd, C.
- Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes ,Physics::Biological Physics ,Physics::Optics ,Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior - Abstract
This work aims to investigate the vibration absorption performance of membrane-type metamaterial on a thin plate. Simulation work was conducted on membrane-type metamaterial using membrane resonators with various configurations of decorated masses. The bandgap property of membrane-type metamaterial with multiple masses was investigated. It was found that a slight adjustment of location for the decorated masses could result in a 45 Hz change of the membrane-type metamaterial bandgap location. Through the simulation work, the vibration transmissibility of a thin plate attached with membrane resonators was studied and it was showed that this membrane-type resonator could effectively suppress the vibration of a thin plate.
- Published
- 2019
14. Effects of fibre size formulations on the mechanical properties of unidirectional reinforced glass fibre/polyester resin laminates
- Author
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Lindsey, K. A., Rudd, C. D., and Owen, M. J.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. SKAP-55 connection to GTP- binding protein Rap-1 in the regulation of T-cell adhesion: 2.10
- Author
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Wu, Z., Scholer, A., Jo, E., Wang, H., and Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 2005
16. CD28 engagement promotes T cell migration and antigen-independent T cell: dendritic cell interactions: 2.7
- Author
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Mirenda, V, Jarmin, S. J., David, R., Dyson, J., Scott, D., Rudd, C. E., Tybulewicz, V. L., Lechler, R. I., Vanhaesebroeck, B., Okkenhaug, K., and Marelli-Berg, F
- Published
- 2005
17. CTLA-4 up-regulation of LFA-1 adhesion and clustering as an alternate basis for co-receptor function: 2.2
- Author
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Schneider, H., Downey, J., Valk, E., Da Rocha Dias, S., Wei, B., and Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 2005
18. Effects of post-cure on the interfacial properties of glass fibre-urethane methacrylate composites
- Author
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Lindsey, K. A., Rudd, C. D., and Fraser, I. M.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Transmembrane adaptor protein Trim is involved in the regulation of CTLA4 surface expression on T-cells: 13.14
- Author
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Valk, E., Kanego, K., Rudd, C. E., and Schneider, H.
- Published
- 2004
20. PI3K-PKB-GSK3 pathway operates independently of Vav in TcR/CD3 and CD28 regulation of Interleukin-2 transcription: 3.1
- Author
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Williams, J. E., Schneider, H., and Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 2004
21. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors reproduce the selective antiproliferative effects of imatinib on chronic myeloid leukaemia progenitor cells
- Author
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Marley, S. B., Lewis, J. L., Schneider, H., Rudd, C. E., and Gordon, M. Y.
- Published
- 2004
22. CTLA-4 differentially regulates MAP kinases (ERK and JNK) in receptor/ligand deficient mice
- Author
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Schneider, H., Mandelbrot, D. A., Greenwald, R. J., Ng, F., Lechler, R., Sharpe, A. H., and Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 2002
23. T-cell adaptor SKAP-55 (Scap1) regulates integrin-mediated adhesion and conjugate formation between T cells and antigen-presenting cells
- Author
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Moon, E., Wang, H., Azouz, A., Wu, X., Smith, A., Hogg, N., and Rudd, C.
- Published
- 2002
24. The effect of post-cure on interfacial strength and structure of a glass fibre and urethane methacrylate resin single fibre composite
- Author
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Lindsey, K. A., Rudd, C. D., and Owen, M. J.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Identification of Conserved ABC Importers Necessary for Intracellular Survival of Legionella pneumophila in Multiple Hosts
- Author
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Rudd C. Johnson, Samuel L. Drennan, Eric D. Cambronne, Amrita Lama, and Grace L. Rubenstein
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,transposon mutagenesis ,Immunology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Virulence ,Legionella ,ATP-binding cassette transporter ,macrophage ,Microbiology ,Legionella pneumophila ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,Dot/Icm T4b secretion system ,Gene ,Francisella tularensis ,Acanthamoeba castellanii ,biology ,pathogenesis ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Protozoa ,Francisella ,Transposon mutagenesis - Abstract
It is established that the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila becomes significantly augmented for infection of macrophages after intracellular growth in amoebae when compared to like-strains cultivated in laboratory media. Based on this observation, we reasoned that the most critical virulence determinants of L.p. are expressed by responding to stimuli generated by the protozoan host specifically; a process we term "protozoan-priming." We sought to identify L.p. virulence factors that were required for replication in amoebae in order to highlight the genes necessary for production of the most infectious form of the bacterium. Using a transposon mutagenesis screen, we successfully identified 12 insertions that produced bacteria severely attenuated for growth in amoebae, while retaining a functional Dot/Icm type IVb secretion system. Seven of these insertion mutants were found dispensable for growth in macrophages, revealing attractive therapeutic targets that reside upstream of the pathogen-human interface. Two candidates identified, lpg0730 and lpg0122 were required for survival and replication in amoebae and macrophage host cells. Both genes are conserved among numerous important human pathogenic bacteria that can persist or replicate in amoebae. Each gene encodes a component of an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport complex of unknown function. We demonstrate the lpg0730 ortholog in Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida to be essential for colonization of both protozoan and mammalian host cells, highlighting conserved survival mechanisms employed by bacteria that utilize protozoa as an environmental reservoir for replication.
- Published
- 2017
26. Signalling by TCR delta/CD3, CD28 and CTLA-4
- Author
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Rudd, C. E.
- Published
- 1995
27. ChIP-Seq Analysis of the σE Regulon of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals New Genes Implicated in Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress Response
- Author
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Fred Heffron, Joshua N. Adkins, Rudd C. Johnson, Christopher C. Overall, Marcus B. Jones, Jie Li, Eric D. Cambronne, and Jason E. McDermott
- Subjects
Salmonella typhimurium ,Molecular Sequence Data ,lcsh:Medicine ,Sigma Factor ,Biology ,Regulon ,Bacterial Proteins ,Sigma factor ,Consensus Sequence ,Transcriptional regulation ,Consensus sequence ,Humans ,Heat shock ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,lcsh:R ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Oxidative Stress ,Salmonella enterica ,Salmonella Infections ,lcsh:Q ,Chromatin immunoprecipitation ,Heat-Shock Response ,Research Article - Abstract
The alternative sigma factor σE functions to maintain bacterial homeostasis and membrane integrity in response to extracytoplasmic stress by regulating thousands of genes both directly and indirectly. The transcriptional regulatory network governed by σE in Salmonella and E. coli has been examined using microarray, however a genome-wide analysis of σE–binding sites in Salmonella has not yet been reported. We infected macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium over a select time course. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), 31 σE–binding sites were identified. Seventeen sites were new, which included outer membrane proteins, a quorum-sensing protein, a cell division factor, and a signal transduction modulator. The consensus sequence identified for σE in vivo binding was similar to the one previously reported, except for a conserved G and A between the -35 and -10 regions. One third of the σE–binding sites did not contain the consensus sequence, suggesting there may be alternative mechanisms by which σE modulates transcription. By dissecting direct and indirect modes of σE-mediated regulation, we found that σE activates gene expression through recognition of both canonical and reversed consensus sequence. New σE regulated genes (greA, luxS, ompA and ompX) are shown to be involved in heat shock and oxidative stress responses.
- Published
- 2015
28. 300 - Small molecules that inhibit PD-1 transcription is as effective as anti-PD-1/PL1 biologics in immunotherapy
- Author
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Rudd, C.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A Novel Lactococcal Vaccine Expressing a Peptide from the M2 Antigen of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus Prolongs Survival of Vaccinated Chickens
- Author
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Christopher R. Lupfer, Valerie M. Mullen, Bruce L. Geller, Manoj K. Pastey, Georgi M. Mitev, Rudd C. Johnson, and Kaleb A. Reese
- Subjects
lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Article Subject ,Influenza vaccine ,business.industry ,Outbreak ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Virus ,Bacterial vaccine ,Avian Influenza A Virus ,Antigen ,Medicine ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,business ,Viral load ,Research Article - Abstract
A cost-effective and efficacious influenza vaccine for use in commercial poultry farms would help protect against avian influenza outbreaks. Current influenza vaccines for poultry are expensive and subtype specific, and therefore there is an urgent need to develop a universal avian influenza vaccine. We have constructed a live bacterial vaccine against avian influenza by expressing a conserved peptide from the ectodomain of M2 antigen (M2e) on the surface ofLactococcus lactis(LL). Chickens were vaccinated intranasally with the lactococcal vaccine (LL-M2e) or subcutaneously with keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin conjugated M2e (KLH-M2e). Vaccinated and nonvaccinated birds were challenged with high pathogenic avian influenza virus A subtype H5N2. Birds vaccinated with LL-M2e or KLH-M2e had median survival times of 5.5 and 6.0 days, respectively, which were significantly longer than non-vaccinated birds (3.5 days). Birds vaccinated subcutaneously with KLH-M2e had a lower mean viral burden than either of the other two groups. However, there was a significant correlation between the time of survival and M2e-specific serum IgG. The results of these trials show that birds in both vaccinated groups had significantly (P<0.05) higher median survival times than non-vaccinated birds and that this protection could be due to M2e-specific serum IgG.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Identification of Conserved ABC Importers Necessary for Intracellular Survival of Legionella pneumophila in Multiple Hosts.
- Author
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Lama, Amrita, Drennan, Samuel L., Johnson, Rudd C., Rubenstein, Grace L., and Cambron, Eric D.
- Subjects
LEGIONELLA pneumophila ,HOSTS (Biology) ,MICROBIAL virulence ,AMOEBIDA ,MACROPHAGES ,FRANCISELLA - Abstract
It is established that the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila becomes significantly augmented for infection of macrophages after intracellular growth in amoebae when compared to like-strains cultivated in laboratory media. Based on this observation, we reasoned that the most critical virulence determinants of L.p. are expressed by responding to stimuli generated by the protozoan host specifically; a process we term "protozoan-priming." We sought to identify L.p. virulence factors that were required for replication in amoebae in order to highlight the genes necessary for production of the most infectious form of the bacterium. Using a transposon mutagenesis screen, we successfully identified 12 insertions that produced bacteria severely attenuated for growth in amoebae, while retaining a functional Dot/Icmtype IVb secretion system. Seven of these insertion mutants were found dispensable for growth in macrophages, revealing attractive therapeutic targets that reside upstream of the pathogen-human interface. Two candidates identified, lpg0730 and lpg0122 were required for survival and replication in amoebae and macrophage host cells. Both genes are conserved among numerous important human pathogenic bacteria that can persist or replicate in amoebae. Each gene encodes a component of an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport complex of unknown function. We demonstrate the lpg0730 ortholog in Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida to be essential for colonization of both protozoan and mammalian host cells, highlighting conserved survival mechanisms employed by bacteria that utilize protozoa as an environmental reservoir for replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor in IDDM: relationships to lipid vascular risk factors, blood pressure, glycaemic control and urinary albumin excretion rate: the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study
- Author
-
Greaves, M, Malia, Rg, Goodfellow, K, Mattock, M, Stevens, Lk, Stephenson, Jm, Fuller, Jh, Karamanos, B, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Giorgino, R, Cignarelli, M, Decicco, Ml, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Iosif, Cm, Pitei, D, Buligescu, S, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferriss, Jb, Cronin, Cc, Whyte, Ae, Cleary, Pe, Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Forst, T, Gries, Fa, Rottiers, R, Priem, H, Ebeling, P, Sinisalo, M, Koivisto, Va, Idziorwalus, B, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Krans, Hmj, Lemkes, Hhpj, Jansen, Jj, Brachter, J, Nunescorrea, J, Boavida, J, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Djs, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, G, Fattor, B, Bandello, F, Janka, Hu, Nuber, A, Mehnert, H, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Crepaldi, G, Nosadini, R, Segato, T, Midena, E, Cipollina, Mr, Fedele, D, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Ventura, Mrm, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Navalesi, R, Penno, G, Miccoli, Roberto, Nannipieri, Monica, Manfredi, S, Ghirlanda, G, Cotroneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Perin, Pc, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Manes, G, Triantaphyllou, G, Ioannides, A, Skazagar, G, Kontogiannis, I, Muggeo, M, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Hughes, S, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, Skrabalo, Z, Keen, H, Navelesi, R, Sjolie, Ak, Viberti, Gc, Ward, J, Partridge, T, John, Wg, Collins, A, Dredge, A, Sharp, R, Kohner, E, Aldington, S, Cockley, S., Greaves, M, Malia, Rg, Goodfellow, K, Mattock, M, Stevens, Lk, Stephenson, Jm, Fuller, Jh, Karamanos, B, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Giorgino, R, Cignarelli, M, Decicco, Ml, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Iosif, Cm, Pitei, D, Buligescu, S, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferriss, Jb, Cronin, Cc, Whyte, Ae, Cleary, Pe, Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Forst, T, Gries, Fa, Rottiers, R, Priem, H, Ebeling, P, Sinisalo, M, Koivisto, Va, Idziorwalus, B, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Krans, Hmj, Lemkes, Hhpj, Jansen, Jj, Brachter, J, Nunescorrea, J, Boavida, J, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Dj, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, G, Fattor, B, Bandello, Francesco, Janka, Hu, Nuber, A, Mehnert, H, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Crepaldi, G, Nosadini, R, Segato, T, Midena, E, Cipollina, Mr, Fedele, D, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Ventura, Mrm, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Navalesi, R, Penno, G, Miccoli, R, Nannipieri, M, Manfredi, S, Ghirlanda, G, Cotroneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Perin, Pc, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Manes, G, Triantaphyllou, G, Ioannides, A, Skazagar, G, Kontogiannis, I, Muggeo, M, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Hughes, S, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, Skrabalo, Z, Keen, H, Navelesi, R, Sjolie, Ak, Viberti, Gc, Ward, J, Partridge, T, John, Wg, Collins, A, Dredge, A, Sharp, R, Kohner, E, Aldington, S, and Cockley, S.
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Glycated Hemoglobin A ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,Fibrinogen ,Body Mass Index ,Risk Factors ,biology ,Smoking ,von Willebrand factor ,fibrinogen ,The EURODIAB IDDM Study ,Europe ,Cholesterol ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.drug ,Type 1 ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HDL ,LDL ,Von Willebrand factor ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,von Willebrand Factor ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Albuminuria ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Triglycerides ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Vascular disease ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,biology.protein ,Microalbuminuria ,business - Abstract
The interrelationships between fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, a marker of vascular endothelial cell damage, and serum lipids were explored in well-characterised subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The 2091 subjects were enrolled into a cross-sectional, clinic-based study of complications, from 16 European countries: the EURODIAB IDDM Complications study. The anticipated significant relationships between both plasma fibrinogen and plasma von Willebrand factor concentrations and age and glycaemic control, and between fibrinogen and body mass index, were noted. Fibrinogen, adjusted for age and glycated haemoglobin concentration, was also related to smoking habits and was higher in the quartiles with highest systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There was a clustering of vascular risk factors, with a positive relationship between plasma fibrinogen and serum triglyceride concentrations in both genders and between fibrinogen and total cholesterol in males. An inverse relationship between fibrinogen and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was also apparent in males. A prominent feature was a positive relationship between both fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor and albumin excretion rate (p < 0.001 and p < 0.003 respectively) in those with retinopathy but not in these without this complication. In view of previous observations on blood pressure and albuminuria in these subjects the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that microalbuminuria and increased plasma von Willebrand factor are due to endothelial cell perturbation in response to mildly raised blood pressure in subjects with retinopathy. Fibrinogen may also contribute to microvascular disease and its relationships to lipid vascular risk factors suggest a possible pathogenic role in arterial disease in diabetes.
- Published
- 1997
32. Nutritional intake of 2868 IDDM patients from 30 centres in Europe
- Author
-
Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Heitkamp, G, Schumacher, W, Milne, R, Buyken, A, Karamanos, B, Gries, Fa, Fuller, Jh, Keen, H, Krans, Hmj, Navalesi, R, Sjolie, Ak, Stephenson, Jm, Viberti, Gc, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Roussipenessi, D, Cignarelli, M, Giorgino, R, Degeco, Ml, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Strachinariu, R, Nicolau, A, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferriss, B, Cronin, Cc, Humphreys, M, Forst, T, Wagener, W, Venhaus, A, Rottiers, R, Priem, H, Deschoolmeester, Mj, Ebeling, P, Sinisalo, M, Koivisto, Va, Idziorwalus, B, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Lemkes, Hhpj, Janse, Jj, Eltedewever, Bm, Nunescorrea, J, Boavida, J, Carvalho, R, Alfonso, Mj, Monteiro, M, David, R, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Paquet, S, Hornick, H, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Djs, Curwell, J, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, G, Fattor, B, Bandello, F, Marchi, M, Mehnert, H, Nuber, A, Janka, H, Nichting, M, Crepaldi, G, Nosadini, R, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Baclet, N, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Ventura, Mrm, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Penno, G, Miccoli, Roberto, Nannipieri, Monica, Manfredi, S, Bertolotto, A, Ghirlanda, G, Cotroneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Careddu, G, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Goutzourela, M, Manes, C, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Dhanaeus, C, Bourgeois, Md, Muggeo, M, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Branzi, P, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Strohner, H, Just, M, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Henio, S, Cooke, H, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, Skrabalo, Z., Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Heitkamp, G, Schumacher, W, Milne, R, Buyken, A, Karamanos, B, Gries, Fa, Fuller, Jh, Keen, H, Krans, Hmj, Navalesi, R, Sjolie, Ak, Stephenson, Jm, Viberti, Gc, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Roussipenessi, D, Cignarelli, M, Giorgino, R, Degeco, Ml, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Strachinariu, R, Nicolau, A, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferriss, B, Cronin, Cc, Humphreys, M, Forst, T, Wagener, W, Venhaus, A, Rottiers, R, Priem, H, Deschoolmeester, Mj, Ebeling, P, Sinisalo, M, Koivisto, Va, Idziorwalus, B, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Lemkes, Hhpj, Janse, Jj, Eltedewever, Bm, Nunescorrea, J, Boavida, J, Carvalho, R, Alfonso, Mj, Monteiro, M, David, R, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Paquet, S, Hornick, H, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Dj, Curwell, J, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, G, Fattor, B, Bandello, Francesco, Marchi, M, Mehnert, H, Nuber, A, Janka, H, Nichting, M, Crepaldi, G, Nosadini, R, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Baclet, N, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Ventura, Mrm, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Penno, G, Miccoli, R, Nannipieri, M, Manfredi, S, Bertolotto, A, Ghirlanda, G, Cotroneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Careddu, G, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Goutzourela, M, Manes, C, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Dhanaeus, C, Bourgeois, Md, Muggeo, M, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Branzi, P, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Strohner, H, Just, M, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Henio, S, Cooke, H, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, and Skrabalo, Z.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Cross-sectional study ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Saturated fat ,Population ,Nutritional intake ,IDDM patients ,medicine.disease ,Diet Records ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Cohort ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Population study ,education ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
The EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study, a cross-sectional, clinic-based study, was designed to measure the prevalence of diabetic complications in stratified samples of European insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients. As diet may be related to diabetic complications, nutritional intake was analysed in the study population. The aims of this first nutritional paper are to describe the nutrient intake in 2868 IDDM patients from 30 centres in 16 countries throughout Europe, to investigate the degree of regional differences in nutrient intake and to compare current intakes with recommended levels. Nutritional intake from 1458 male and 1410 female IDDM patients was assessed by a validated 3-day record (two weekdays, Sunday) and centrally analysed. Mean energy intake for all patients was 2390 +/- 707 kcal/day. Mean protein intake was 1.5 +/- 0.5 g/kg body weight. Carbohydrate intake was 43% and fibre intake 18 g/day. Alcohol intake for the total cohort was 2% of energy. Total fat contributed 38% of energy, with 14% from saturated fat. The Italian centres reported lower total and saturated fat intakes compared with other centres. Recommendations from the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the EASD for total fat, saturated fatty acids and carbohydrate were only achieved by 14%, 14% and 15% of patients, respectively. The data of the present study clearly indicate current problems in the nutritional intake of European IDDM patients. These findings contribute to the definition of future targets in the nutritional management of IDDM patients, to be achieved as part of the initiatives taken by the St. Vincent Declaration action programme.
- Published
- 1996
33. Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in IDDM in Europe
- Author
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Koivisto VA, Stevens LK, Mattock M, Ebeling P, Muggeo M, Stephenson J, IdziorWalus B, Karamanos B, Tountas C, Kofinis A, Petrou K, Katsilambros N, Cignarelli M, Giorgino R, DeGeco ML, Ramunni I, IonescuTirgoviste C, Iosif CM, Pitei C, Buligescu S, Tamas G, Kerenyi Z, Ahmed AM, Toth J, Kempler P, Muntoni S, Songini M, Stabilini M, Fossarello M, Pintus S, Ferris B, Cronin CC, Toeller M, Klischan A, Forst T, Gries FA, Wagener W, Rottiers R, Priem H, Sinisalo M, Solnica B, SzopinskaCiba L, Solnica K, Krans M, Lemkes HHPJ, Jansen JJ, NunesCorrea J, Rogado C, Boavida JM, Correia LG, Michel G, Wirion R, Boulton AJM, Ashe H, Fernando DJS, Pozza G, Slaviero G, Comi B, Fattor F, Janka HU, Nuber A, Mehnert H, BenSoussan D, Fallas MC, Fallas P, Jepson E, McHardyYoung S, Fuller JH, Betteridge DJ, Milne M, Crepaldi C, Nosadini R, Cathelineau G, Cathelineau BV, Jellal M, Grodner N, Feiss PG, Santeusanio F, Rosi G, Cagini C, Marino C, Navalesi R, Penno G, Miccoli R, Nannipieri M, Stefano M, Ghirlanda G, Controneo P, Manto A, Teodonio C, Minnella A, Ward JD, Tesfaye S, Mody C, Rudd C, Molinatti GM, Vitelli F, Porta M, Pagano GF, Estivi P, Sivieri R, Carta Q, Petraroli G, Papazoglou N, Manes G, Triantaphyllou G, Ioannides A, Cacciatori V, Bellavere F, Galante P, Gemma ML, Irsigler K, Abrahamian H, Gurdet C, Hornlein B, Willinger C, Walford S, Wardle EV, Roglic G, Resman Z, Metelko Z, Skrabalo Z, Keen H, Sjolie AK, Viberti GC, Ward J, John G, Collins A, Sharp R., BANDELLO , FRANCESCO, Koivisto, Va, Stevens, Lk, Mattock, M, Ebeling, P, Muggeo, M, Stephenson, J, Idziorwalus, B, Karamanos, B, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Cignarelli, M, Giorgino, R, Degeco, Ml, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Iosif, Cm, Pitei, C, Buligescu, S, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferris, B, Cronin, Cc, Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Forst, T, Gries, Fa, Wagener, W, Rottiers, R, Priem, H, Sinisalo, M, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Krans, M, Lemkes, Hhpj, Jansen, Jj, Nunescorrea, J, Rogado, C, Boavida, Jm, Correia, Lg, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Dj, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, B, Fattor, F, Bandello, Francesco, Janka, Hu, Nuber, A, Mehnert, H, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Fuller, Jh, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Crepaldi, C, Nosadini, R, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Navalesi, R, Penno, G, Miccoli, R, Nannipieri, M, Stefano, M, Ghirlanda, G, Controneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Manes, G, Triantaphyllou, G, Ioannides, A, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, Skrabalo, Z, Keen, H, Sjolie, Ak, Viberti, Gc, Ward, J, John, G, Collins, A, and Sharp, R.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cardiovascular disease ,EURODIAB IDDM study ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,education ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Albuminuria ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), its risk factors, and their associations in IDDM patients in different European countries. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The prevalence of CVD (a past history or electrocardiogram abnormalities) and its risk factors were examined in a cross-sectional study in 3,250 IDDM patients from 16 European countries (EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study). The patients were examined in 31 centers and were stratified between centers for age, sex, and duration of diabetes. The mean ± SD duration of diabetes was 14.7 ± 9.3 years. RESULTS The prevalence of CVD was 9% in men and 10% in women. The prevalence increased with age (from 6% in patients 15–29 years old to 25% in patients 45–59 years old) and with duration of diabetes. The between-center variation for the whole population was from 3 to 19%. In both sexes, fasting triglyceride concentration was higher and HDL cholesterol lower in those patients with CVD than in those without. In men, duration of diabetes was longer, waist-to-hip ratio greater, and hypertension more common in patients with CVD. In women, a greater BMI was associated with increased prevalence of CVD. There was no association between insulin dose, HbA1c level, age-adjusted rate of albumin excretion, or smoking status and CVD. Waist-to-hip ratio, particularly in men, was positively associated with age, age-adjusted HbA1c, prevalence of smoking, daily insulin dose, albumin excretion rate, and fasting triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of CVD in these IDDM patients was ∼ 10%, increasing with age and duration of diabetes and with a sixfold variation between different European centers. CVD prevalence was most strongly associated with elevated triglyceride and decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations. CVD was also associated with albuminuria, but when adjusted by age, this association vanished. Increasing waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a number of adverse characteristics, particularly in IDDM men, reflecting the metabolic syndrome previously described in other populations.
- Published
- 1996
34. Phosphorylation of SRC-family lck tyrosine kinase following IL-12 activation of human NK cells
- Author
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PIGNATA, CLAUDIO, Prasad K. V. S., Hallek M., Druker B., Rudd C. E., Robertson M. J., Ritz J., Pignata, Claudio, Prasad, K. V. S., Hallek, M., Druker, B., Rudd, C. E., Robertson, M. J., and Ritz, J.
- Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that augments the cytolytic activity of human NK cells and T cells but has little mitogenic activity on resting lymphocytes. The intracellular signaling pathways involved in NK cell activation by IL-12 have not been fully characterized. In the present studies we found that IL-12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 56-kDa protein, identified in Western blot experiments as p56lck, in resting NK cells. IL-12 was active in the range of 0.1 to 1000 U/ml, with maximal activity between 10 and 100 U/ml (30 and 300 pM). The maximal effect was noted 5 min after stimulation and was almost completely inhibited by genistein. IL-12 induced similar effects in resting and IL-2 activated NK cells. Following IL-12 stimulation of resting NK cells, immunoprecipitated lck kinase exhibited increased in vitro autophosphorylation activity 5 and 10 min after activation. Several additional substrates were phosphorylated in vitro following IL-12 stimulation, including proteins of 70 and 110 kDa. These studies indicate that lck tyrosine kinase is involved in the IL-12 signaling pathway in human NK cells. As the primary functional effect of IL-12 on resting NK cells is the enhancement of cytolytic activity and secretory function rather than cell proliferation, these findings suggest that lck tyrosine kinase is involved in these signaling pathways in human NK cells.
- Published
- 1995
35. Influence of micro-structural voids on the mechanical and impact properties in commingled E-glass/polypropylene thermoplastic composites
- Author
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Santulli, Carlo, Brooks, R., Rudd, C. D., and Long, A. C.
- Published
- 2002
36. BLOOD-PRESSURE, RETINOPATHY AND URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION IN IDDM - THE EURODIAB IDDM COMPLICATIONS STUDY
- Author
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Stephenson, Jm, Fuller, Jh, Viberti, Gc, Sjolie, Ak, Navalesi, R, Karamanos, B, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Giorgino, R, Cignarelli, M, Decicco, M, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Iosif, Cm, Pitei, D, Buligescu, S, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferriss, Jb, Cronin, Cc, Whyte, Ae, Cleary, Pe, Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Forst, T, Gries, Fa, Wagener, W, Rottiers, R, Priem, H, Ebeling, P, Sinisalo, M, Koivisto, Va, Idziorwalus, B, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Krans, Hmj, Lemkes, Hhpj, Jansen, Jj, Brachter, J, Nunescorrea, J, Boavida, J, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Djs, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, G, Fattor, B, Bandello, F, Mehnert, H, Nuber, A, Janka, H, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Crepaldi, G, Nosadini, R, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Ventura, Mrm, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Penno, G, Miccoli, Roberto, Nannipieri, Monica, Manfredi, S, Ghirlanda, G, Cotroneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Perin, Pc, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Manes, G, Triantaphyllou, G, Ioannides, A, Skazagar, G, Kontogiannis, I, Muggeo, M, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Hughes, S, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, and Skrabalo, Z.
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,THE EURODIAB IDDM COMPLICATIONS STUDY ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Urology ,Blood Pressure ,Nephropathy ,Diabetic nephropathy ,Diastole ,Reference Values ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Confidence Intervals ,Prevalence ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,Age of Onset ,Proteinuria ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,business.industry ,Diabetic retinopathy ,medicine.disease ,Europe ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Retinopathy - Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between blood pressure and nephropathy, but few have been large enough to examine whether, or how, this relation is influenced by retinopathy. We have therefore examined the independent relations of blood pressure to urinary albumin excretion and retinopathy in a cross-sectional observational study of over 3000 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study). The relation of blood pressure to urinary albumin excretion differed strikingly between patients with (46%) and without (54%) retinopathy. In those with retinopathy, mean urinary albumin excretion rate was normal (20 micrograms/min) below median diastolic pressure (75 mmHg) and increased steeply (p0.001) with blood pressure above this level. However, in patients without retinopathy, mean albumin excretion rate was normal across the range of diastolic pressure. This finding could not be explained by differences in glycaemic control or duration of diabetes between patients with and without retinopathy. These data identify a subgroup of patients whose high risk of nephropathy may reflect abnormal renal vulnerability to mildly raised blood pressure. Retinopathy is a close correlate of this vulnerability. Detection of even mild retinopathy, together with raised blood pressure, may be important in assessing nephropathy risk.
- Published
- 1995
37. The relationship between smoking and microvascular complications in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study
- Author
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Chaturvedi, N, Stephenson, Jm, Fuller, Jh, Karamanos, B, Tountas, C, Kofinis, A, Petrou, K, Katsilambros, N, Giorgino, R, Cignarelli, M, Decicco, Ml, Ramunni, I, Ionescutirgoviste, C, Iosif, Cm, Pitei, D, Buligescu, S, Tamas, G, Kerenyi, Z, Ahmed, Am, Toth, J, Kempler, P, Muntoni, S, Songini, M, Stabilini, M, Fossarello, M, Pintus, S, Ferriss, Jb, Cronin, Cc, Whyte, Ae, Cleary, Pe, Toeller, M, Klischan, A, Forst, T, Gries, Fa, Wagener, W, Rottiers, Rr, Priem, H, Ebeling, P, Sinisalo, M, Koivisto, Va, Idziorwalus, B, Solnica, B, Szopinskaciba, L, Solnica, K, Krans, Hmj, Lemkes, Hhpj, Jansen, Jj, Brachter, J, Nunescorrea, J, Boavida, J, Michel, G, Wirion, R, Boulton, Ajm, Ashe, H, Fernando, Djs, Pozza, G, Slaviero, G, Comi, G, Fattor, B, Bandello, Fb, Janka, Hu, Nuber, A, Mehnert, Hm, Bensoussan, D, Fallas, Mc, Fallas, P, Jepson, E, Mchardyyoung, S, Betteridge, Dj, Milne, M, Crepaldi, G, Nosadini, R, Cathelineau, G, Cathelineau, Bv, Jellal, M, Grodner, N, Feiss, Pg, Santeusanio, F, Rosi, G, Ventura, Mrm, Cagini, C, Marino, C, Navalesi, R, Penno, G, Miccoli, Roberto, Nannipieri, Monica, Manfredi, S, Ghirlanda, G, Cotroneo, P, Manto, A, Teodonio, C, Minnella, A, Ward, Jd, Tesfaye, S, Mody, C, Rudd, C, Molinatti, Gm, Vitelli, F, Porta, M, Pagano, Gf, Perin, Pc, Estivi, P, Sivieri, R, Carta, Q, Petraroli, G, Papazoglou, N, Manes, G, Triantaphyllou, G, Ioannides, A, Skazagar, G, Kontogiannis, I, Muggeo, M, Cacciatori, V, Bellavere, F, Galante, P, Gemma, Ml, Irsigler, K, Abrahamian, H, Gurdet, C, Hornlein, B, Willinger, C, Walford, S, Wardle, Ev, Hughes, S, Roglic, G, Resman, Z, Metelko, Z, and Skrabalo, Z.
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Glycemic ,Demography ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Sex Characteristics ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Smoking ,Odds ratio ,Diabetic retinopathy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,EURODIAB IDDM COMPLICATIONS STUDY ,Hypoglycemia ,Surgery ,SMOKING AND MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Smoking cessation ,Microalbuminuria ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,business ,Diabetic Angiopathies - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between smoking and both glycemic control and microvascular complications in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prevalence survey of 3,250 men and women aged 15–60 years with IDDM from 31 diabetes centers in 16 European countries. Participants completed a questionnaire, had retinal photographs taken, and performed a 24-h urine collection. HbA1c, frequency of hypoglycemic and ketoacidotic episodes, urinary albumin excretion rates, and retinopathy were compared by smoking category. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking was 35% in men and 29% in women. Current smokers had poorer glycemic control and, among men, were more likely to have had a ketoacidotic episode than were those who never smoked. Ex-smokers had equivalent glycemic control and marginally more hypoglycemic episodes did than those who never smoked. Current smokers had a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria and total retinopathy than did those who never smoked. Ex-smokers had a higher prevalence of macroalbuminuria and proliferative retinopathy than did those who never smoked, but both had a similar prevalence of microalbuminuria. Adjustment for either current or long-term glycemic control could not fully account for these differences. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is associated with poorer glycemic control and an increased prevalence of microvascular complications compared with not smoking. Ex-smokers can achieve glycemic control equivalent to and have a prevalence of early complications similar to that of those who never smoked. We suggest that poorer glycemic control can account for some of the increased risk of complications in smokers, and that quitting smoking would be effective in reducing the incidence of complications. Urgent action is required to reduce the high smoking rates in people with IDDM.
- Published
- 1995
38. A Raf-1-related p110 polypeptide associates with the CD4-p56lck complex in T cells
- Author
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Prasad, K V and Rudd, C E
- Subjects
animal structures ,T-Lymphocytes ,Molecular Sequence Data ,hemic and immune systems ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ,Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,embryonic structures ,CD4 Antigens ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Peptides ,Research Article ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
The CD4 and CD8 antigens on T cells have been shown to associate with the Src family member p56lck and a GTP-binding protein, p32. The identification of receptor interactions with intracellular mediators is essential in the elucidation of downstream signals mediated by engagement of these receptor complexes. In this study, we report the detection of an additional 110-kDa polypeptide (p110) associated with the CD4-p56lck complex in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and leukemic T-cell lines. p110 bound preferentially to CD4-p56lck as an assembled complex and poorly, if at all, to the individual components. p110 was recognized directly by an antiserum to the C-terminal region of the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 and is related to a p110 polypeptide detected in anti-Raf-1 immunoprecipitates. Despite its association with the CD4-p56lck complex, p110 was found to be phosphorylated predominantly on serine residues. Furthermore, phorbol ester treatment of cells resulted in a transient increase in the detection of p110 associated with CD4-p56lck, concomitant with the modulation of CD4-p56lck from the cell surface. This Raf-1-related p110 is therefore likely to play a role in signals generated from the CD4-p56lck complex. p110 may serve as a bridge between the CD4-p56lck complex and the serine/threonine kinase pathways of T-cell activation.
- Published
- 1992
39. ChIP-Seq Analysis of the σE Regulon of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals New Genes Implicated in Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress Response.
- Author
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Li, Jie, Overall, Christopher C., Johnson, Rudd C., Jones, Marcus B., McDermott, Jason E., Heffron, Fred, Adkins, Joshua N., and Cambronne, Eric D.
- Subjects
NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,SALMONELLA enterica serovar typhimurium ,HEAT shock factors ,OXIDATIVE stress ,SIGMA factor (Transcription factor) ,HOMEOSTASIS - Abstract
The alternative sigma factor σ
E functions to maintain bacterial homeostasis and membrane integrity in response to extracytoplasmic stress by regulating thousands of genes both directly and indirectly. The transcriptional regulatory network governed by σE in Salmonella and E. coli has been examined using microarray, however a genome-wide analysis of σE –binding sites in Salmonella has not yet been reported. We infected macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium over a select time course. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), 31 σE –binding sites were identified. Seventeen sites were new, which included outer membrane proteins, a quorum-sensing protein, a cell division factor, and a signal transduction modulator. The consensus sequence identified for σE in vivo binding was similar to the one previously reported, except for a conserved G and A between the -35 and -10 regions. One third of the σE –binding sites did not contain the consensus sequence, suggesting there may be alternative mechanisms by which σE modulates transcription. By dissecting direct and indirect modes of σE -mediated regulation, we found that σE activates gene expression through recognition of both canonical and reversed consensus sequence. New σE regulated genes (greA, luxS, ompA and ompX) are shown to be involved in heat shock and oxidative stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Global Analysis of Salmonella Alternative Sigma Factor E on Protein Translation.
- Author
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Jie Li, Nakayasu, Ernesto S., Overall, Christopher C., Johnson, Rudd C., Kidwai, Afshan S., McDermott, Jason E., Ansong, Charles, Heffron, Fred, Cambronne, Eric D., and Adkins, Joshua N.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Analysis of the Salmonella regulatory network suggests involvement of SsrB and H-NS in σE-regulated SPI-2 gene expression.
- Author
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Jie Li, Overall, Christopher C., Nakayasu, Ernesto S., Kidwai, Afshan S., Jones, Marcus B., Johnson, Rudd C., Nguyen, Nhu T., McDermott, Jason E., Ansong, Charles, Heffron, Fred, Cambronne, Eric D., and Adkins, Joshua N.
- Subjects
SALMONELLA enterica serovar typhimurium ,SALMONELLA enterica ,MACROPHAGES ,SALMONELLA ,GENETIC research - Abstract
The extracytoplasmic functioning sigma factor σ
E is known to play an essential role for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to survive and proliferate in macrophages and mice. However, its regulatory network is not well-characterized, especially during infection. Here we used microarray to identify genes regulated by σE in Salmonella grown in three conditions: a nutrient-rich condition and two others that mimic early and late intracellular infection. We found that in each condition σE regulated different sets of genes, and notably, several global regulators. When comparing nutrient-rich and infection-like conditions, large changes were observed in the expression of genes involved in Salmonella pathogenesis island (SPI)-1 type-three secretion system (TTSS), SPI-2 TTSS, protein synthesis, and stress responses. In total, the expression of 58% of Salmonella genes was affected by σE in at least one of the three conditions. An important finding is that σE up-regulates SPI-2 genes, which are essential for Salmonella intracellular survival, by up-regulating SPI-2 activator ssrB expression at the early stage of infection and down-regulating SPI-2 repressor hns expression at a later stage. Moreover, σE is capable of countering the silencing of H-NS, releasing the expression of SPI-2 genes. This connection between σE and SPI-2 genes, combined with the global regulatory effect of σE , may account for the lethality of rpoE-deficient Salmonella in murine infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. 5 - Manufacturing with thermosets
- Author
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Dominy, J. and Rudd, C.
- Published
- 2005
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43. A Novel Lactococcal Vaccine Expressing a Peptide from the M2 Antigen of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus Prolongs Survival of Vaccinated Chickens.
- Author
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Reese, Kaleb A., Lupfer, Christopher, Johnson, Rudd C., Mitev, Georgi M., Mullen, Valerie M., Geller, Bruce L., and Pastey, Manoj
- Subjects
LACTOCOCCUS ,PEPTIDES ,ANTIGENS ,AVIAN influenza A virus ,CHICKEN diseases ,COST effectiveness ,VACCINATION - Abstract
A cost-effective and efficacious influenza vaccine for use in commercial poultry farms would help protect against avian influenza outbreaks. Current influenza vaccines for poultry are expensive and subtype specific, and therefore there is an urgent need to develop a universal avian influenza vaccine. We have constructed a live bacterial vaccine against avian influenza by expressing a conserved peptide from the ectodomain of M2 antigen (M2e) on the surface of Lactococcus lactis (LL). Chickens were vaccinated intranasally with the lactococcal vaccine (LL-M2e) or subcutaneously with keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin conjugated M2e (KLHM2e). Vaccinated and nonvaccinated birds were challenged with high pathogenic avian influenza virus A subtype H5N2. Birds vaccinated with LL-M2e or KLH-M2e had median survival times of 5.5 and 6.0 days, respectively, which were significantly longer than non-vaccinated birds (3.5 days). Birds vaccinated subcutaneously with KLH-M2e had a lower mean viral burden than either of the other two groups. However, there was a significant correlation between the time of survival and M2e-specific serum IgG. The results of these trials show that birds in both vaccinated groups had significantly (P < 0.05) higher median survival times than non-vaccinated birds and that this protection could be due to M2e-specific serum IgG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
44. Thermal properties, viscosities and densities of (50-x)Na2O-xCaO-50P2O5 glasses.
- Author
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Shaharuddin, S. I. S., Ahmed, I., Furniss, D., Parsons, A. J., and Rudd, C. D.
- Subjects
GLASS ,BIOMATERIALS ,DURABILITY of glass ,CATIONS ,VISCOSITY - Abstract
Phosphate based glasses (PBG) are currently of huge interest in the biomaterials field and findings have shown that their durability can be increased by doping with selected metal cations. In this study various compositions in the system (50-x)Na
2 O-xCaO-50P2 O5 glasses, 0≤x≤50, were investigated to determine their characteristic temperatures (glass transition temperature (Tg ), onset and peak temperatures of crystallisation (Tx and Tp ), melting point and liquidus temperature (Tm and TJ ), and also the temperature dependence of viscosity and density. The glass compositions were confirmed via EDX and the amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed via XRD. Tg increased with increasing CaO mol% from 280±0⋅5°C to 521±01°C. The temperature dependence of viscosity revealed an increase in the temperature window for extrusion (from 26±0-66°C to 42±0-31°C) and fibre drawing (from 363±1⋅0°C to 539±0⋅9°C). The density was also seen to increase from 2⋅5 to 2⋅64 gcm-3 . The increases in properties were attributed to the crosslinking of Ca2+ cations between phosphate chains which strengthened the glass network. For x≤20 mol% the activation energy for viscous flow is affected by the phosphate chain length. For 30≥x≥50 mol% the crosslinking effect of Ca2+ counters the effect of decreasing chain length, resulting in increasing activation energy for viscous flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
45. Interfacial Properties of Phosphate Glass Fiber/Poly(caprolactone) System Measured Using the Single Fiber Fragmentation Test.
- Author
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Khan, Ruhul A., Parsons, A. J., Jones, I. A., Walker, G. S., and Rudd, C. D.
- Subjects
COMPOSITE materials ,INTERFACES (Physical sciences) ,GLASS fibers ,PHOSPHATES ,FRAGMENTATION reactions ,POLYPROPYLENE ,STRENGTH of materials - Abstract
Phosphate glass fiber of the composition 20Na
2 O-24MgO-16CaO-40P2 O5 was produced using an in-house fiber drawing rig. The interfacial properties of the phosphate glass fiber/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) system were measured using the single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT). The system was calibrated using E-glass fibers and polypropylene system. This gave an interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 4.1 MPa, which agrees well with other published data. The IFSS for the unsized (as drawn) phosphate glass fiber/PCL system was found to be 1.75 MPa. Fibers treated with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxy silane (APS) showed an IFSS of 3.82 MPa. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis of unsized and silane sized fibers established the presence of silane on the fiber surface. Degradation tests of the silane treated fiber/PCL samples were carried out in deionised water at 37°C and it was found that the IFSS values decreased over time. Four others silanes were also investigated but APS gave the highest IFSS values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
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46. Repair of calvarial defects in rats by prefabricated, degradable, long fibre composite implants.
- Author
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Scotchford, C. A., Shataheri, M., Chen, P.-S., Evans, M., Parsons, A. J., Aitchison, G. A., Efeoglu, C., Burke, J. L., Vikram, A., Fisher, S. E., and Rudd, C. D.
- Abstract
We report results from an initial small animal study designed to provide information on the biocompatibility of a novel biodegradable composite designed for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. Rat calvarium was chosen as a clinically analogous model, which allowed comparison between experimental groups (PCL alone, PCL/phosphate glass, or PCL/bioglass implants) and control groups (empty defects or bone grafted defects). All animals recovered well from surgery and no clinical complications were observed. Histological assessment indicated a lack of inflammatory response. The amount of new bone formation at the dural aspect of the implant was statistically significantly higher in the PCL/phosphate glass group than the other experimental groups. This study confirms, in a clinically analogous model, the promise of the novel PCL/phosphate glass composite material. Work is planned toward manufacturing scale up and clinical trials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Degradation and Interfacial Properties of Iron Phosphate Glass Fiber-Reinforced PCL-Based Composite for Synthetic Bone Replacement Materials.
- Author
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Khan, Ruhul A., Parsons, A. J., Jones, I. A., Walker, G. S., and Rudd, C. D.
- Subjects
IRON ,PHOSPHATES ,SYNTHETIC products ,CARBON composites ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials - Abstract
Poly(caprolactone) matrix iron phosphate glass fiber-reinforced (16Na2O-24MgO-16CaO-4Fe2O3-40P2O5) composites (10% fiber by weight) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break (%), bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength of the composites were found to be 72 MPa, 2.74 GPa, 11%, 86 MPa, 3.22 GPa and 16 kJ/m2, respectively. Degradation tests of the fibers and composites were performed in aqueous medium at 37°C. Mechanical properties of the composites retained almost 90% of their original properties after 6 months of aqueous degradation. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the composite was also measured by using the single-fiber fragmentation test. The IFSS of the composite system was found to be 4.01 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fabrication Effects on Properties of Composites for Medical Applications: 1. Composite Preparation and Characterization.
- Author
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HABEB, R. R., WALKER, G. S., JONES, I. A., and RUDD, C. D.
- Subjects
CARBON fibers ,POLYMERIZATION ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,POLYMERS ,BIOCOMPATIBILITY - Abstract
We investigate the fabrication of continuous carbon fiber/poly(ε-caprolactone) composites for biomedical applications. Two fabrication methods: in-situ polymerization and film stacking are compared at two different thicknesses. Analysis of void content produced via the two fabrication methods showed that the in-situ polymerization specimens had considerably lower void content than the film stacked samples. Significantly higher mechanical properties were obtained for the in-situ polymerized samples, and an almost three-fold increase in properties was seen as compared to the film stacked samples. Scanning electron microscopy images of surfaces supported the findings above. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed higher dynamic modulus for the in-situ polymerized samples which was consistent with the above results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Mechanistic study of Sn(Oct)2-catalyzed ε-caprolactone polymerization using Sn(Oct)2/BF3 dual catalyst.
- Author
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Jiang, G., Jones, I. A., Rudd, C. D., and Walker, G. S.
- Subjects
POLYMERIZATION ,TIN compounds ,CATALYSTS ,CHEMICAL reactions ,ANALYTICAL mechanics ,DYNAMICS - Abstract
The article explores the kinetics of ε-caprolactone polymerization in the presence of Sn(Oct)
2 /BF3 dual catalyst. Resuls have demonstrated an induction period for both neat Sn(Oct)2 catalyst and Sn(Oct)2 /BF3 dual catalyst, whereas there is no induction period for neat BF3 catalyst. The length of the induction period for the Sn(Oct)2 -catalyzed reactions was not affected by the presence of BF3 .- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Retention of mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of a phosphate‐based glass fiber/polylactic acid composite.
- Author
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Ahmed, I., Cronin, P. S., Abou Neel, E. A., Parsons, A. J., Knowles, J. C., and Rudd, C. D.
- Subjects
POLYLACTIC acid ,GLASS fibers ,CYTOCOMPATIBILITY ,PHOSPHATE glass ,FIBROUS composites - Abstract
Polymers prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) have found a multitude of uses as medical devices. The main advantage of having a material that degrades is so that an implant would not necessitate a second surgical event for removal. In addition, the biodegradation may offer other advantages. In this study, fibers produced from a quaternary phosphate‐based glass (PBG) in the system 50P2O5‐40CaO‐5Na2O‐5Fe2O3 (nontreated and heat‐treated) were used to reinforce the biodegradable polymer, PLA. Fiber properties were investigated, along with the mechanical and degradation properties and cytocompatibility of the composites produced. Retention of mechanical properties overtime was also evaluated. The mean fiber strength for the phosphate glass fibers was 456 MPa with a modulus value of 51.5 GPa. Weibull analysis revealed a shape and scale parameter value of 3.37 and 508, respectively. The flexural strength of the composites matched that for cortical bone; however, the modulus values were lower than those required for cortical bone. After 6 weeks of degradation in deionized water, 50% of the strength values obtained was maintained. The composite degradation properties revealed a 14% mass loss for the nontreated and a 10% mass loss for the heat‐treated fiber composites. It was also seen that by heat‐treating the fibers, chemical and physical degradation occurred much slower. The pH profiles also revealed that nontreated fibers degraded quicker, thus correlating well with the degradation profiles. The in vitro cell culture experiments revealed both PLA (alone) and the heat‐treated fiber composites maintained higher cell viability as compared to the nontreated fiber composites. This was attributed to the slower degradation release profiles of the heat‐treated composites as compared to the nontreated fiber composites. SEM analyses revealed a porous structure after degradation, and it is clear that there are possibilities here to tailor the distribution of porosity within polymer matrices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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