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ChIP-Seq Analysis of the σE Regulon of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals New Genes Implicated in Heat Shock and Oxidative Stress Response.
- Source :
- PLoS ONE; 9/21/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 9, p1-15, 15p
- Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- The alternative sigma factor σ<superscript>E</superscript> functions to maintain bacterial homeostasis and membrane integrity in response to extracytoplasmic stress by regulating thousands of genes both directly and indirectly. The transcriptional regulatory network governed by σ<superscript>E</superscript> in Salmonella and E. coli has been examined using microarray, however a genome-wide analysis of σ<superscript>E</superscript>–binding sites in Salmonella has not yet been reported. We infected macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium over a select time course. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), 31 σ<superscript>E</superscript>–binding sites were identified. Seventeen sites were new, which included outer membrane proteins, a quorum-sensing protein, a cell division factor, and a signal transduction modulator. The consensus sequence identified for σ<superscript>E</superscript> in vivo binding was similar to the one previously reported, except for a conserved G and A between the -35 and -10 regions. One third of the σ<superscript>E</superscript>–binding sites did not contain the consensus sequence, suggesting there may be alternative mechanisms by which σ<superscript>E</superscript> modulates transcription. By dissecting direct and indirect modes of σ<superscript>E</superscript>-mediated regulation, we found that σ<superscript>E</superscript> activates gene expression through recognition of both canonical and reversed consensus sequence. New σ<superscript>E</superscript> regulated genes (greA, luxS, ompA and ompX) are shown to be involved in heat shock and oxidative stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 109555105
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138466