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Objective: A process was developed for the purification of bran polyphenols from HPD 600 macroporous resin. The purity and antioxidant activity of the extracts were analyzed before and after purification, and the polyphenol fractions in the purified products were characterized. Methods: The bound polyphenols in wheat bran were extracted by alkali hydrolysis, and the dynamic adsorption-desorption conditions of the macroporous resin were optimized by single-factor test to determine the optimal purification process. The antioxidant activity fraction was determined by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging rate. The characterization of the polyphenol fraction in the purified product was completed by UPLC-MS/MS. Results: Under optimal process conditions, the purity of the polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of the purified product were significantly increased. The purified products contained mainly nine polyphenolic compounds, in order of retention time: p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid and salicylic acid. Conclusion: The macroporous resin purification process is effective in enriching bran polyphenols and the resulting purified product has a significantly higher antioxidant capacity, while maintaining the richness of the polyphenolic species.

Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant growth, development and metabolism. Due to its lack of solubility and low bioavailability in soil, Fe levels are usually far below the optimum amount for most plants' growth and development. In apple production, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer may cause iron chlorosis symptoms in the newly growing leaves, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. In this study, low nitrate (NO3−, LN) application alleviated the symptoms of Fe deficiency and promoted lower rhizosphere pH, which was beneficial for root Fe acquisition. At the same time, LN treatment increased citrate and abscisic acid accumulation in roots, which promoted Fe transport from root to shoot and maintained Fe homeostasis. Moreover, qRT‐PCR analysis showed that nitrate application caused differential expression of genes related to Fe uptake and transport, as well as transcriptional regulators. In summary, our data reveal that low nitrate alleviated Fe deficiency through multiple pathways, demonstrating a new option for minimizing Fe deficiency by regulating the balance between nutrients. In this manuscript, we describe an extensive study of the effects of low nitrate (LN) on iron‐deficiency responses. LN treatment aids rhizosphere acidification and increases citrate and abscisic acid accumulation in the roots, thus promoting Fe acquisition and transport from root to shoot, ultimately alleviating Fe deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FAM83A (family with sequence similarity 83, member A) has been found to be highly expressed in cancers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role and mechanism of FAM83A in lung cancers. The expression of FAM83A in lung cancer cells was enhanced by gene transfection or knocked down by small interfering RNA interference. The key proteins of the Wnt signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were examined using Western blot. The proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells were examined using cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion assays. The expression of FAM83A in lung cancer tissues was significantly increased and was correlated with advanced tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage and poor prognosis. Overexpression of FAM83A enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Meanwhile, FAM83A overexpression increased the expression of active β-catenin and Wnt target genes and the activity of EMT. Furthermore, in FAM83A-overexpressed cells, the activity of Hippo pathway was downregulated, whereas the expression of yes-associated protein (YAP) and its downstream targets cyclin E and CTGF were upregulated. The inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, XAV-939, reversed the promoting effect of FAM83A on YAP, cyclin E, and CTGF. On knocking down the expression of FAM83A, we obtained the opposite results. However, the inhibitor of GSK3β, CHIR-99021, restored the expression of YAP, cyclin E, and CTGF after FAM83A was knocked down. FAM83A is highly expressed in lung cancers and correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis. FAM83A promotes the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways and EMT process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Non‐volatile compounds play a key role in the quality and price of Keemun black tea (KBT). The non‐volatile compounds in KBT samples from different producing areas normally vary greatly. The development of rapid methods for tracing the geographical origin of KBT is useful. In this study, we develop models for the discrimination of KBT's geographical origin based on non‐volatile compounds. RESULTS: Seventy‐two KBT samples were collected from five towns in Anhui province to determine 13 KBT compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of variance showed that the content of 13 compounds in KBT indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) among five towns. Three multivariate statistical models including principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were built to discriminate origin. Principal component analysis effectively extracted three principal components, namely theaflavins, galloylated catechins, and simple catechins. The high sensitivity (64.5%–99.2%) was achieved of SIMCA model. To establish the discriminant functions, six variables (gallic acid, (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavin‐3‐gallate, theaflavin‐3,3′‐di‐gallate, and total theaflavins) were chosen from 13 variables, and LDA was applied. This gave a satisfactory overall correct classification rate (94.4%) and cross‐validation rate (88.9%) for KBT samples. CONCLUSION: The results showed that HPLC analysis together with chemometrics is a reliable approach for tracing KBT and guaranteeing its authenticity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probabilistic fuzzy set (PFS) is designed for handling uncertainties with both fuzzy and stochastic nature, so the probabilistic fuzzy logic system (PFLS) has the ability to handle more complex uncertainties in process. In this paper, the general probabilistic fuzzy set is proposed, and the convergence analyses of its secondary probability density function (PDF) are conducted. It discloses the distribution regularity of membership degree in general PFS, which improves the information and interpretability of PFS. Then, according to convergence, a new method to tuning parameters for PFLS is proposed. This method avoids the parameters into local inefficiency, and also reduces the number of learning parameters in PFLS. Last, the new tuning method is applied to the electromyography (EMG) robots modeling problem. The comparison shows that the probabilistic fuzzy logic system based on general PFS (GPFLS) can achieve a simple modeling process, and also, it improves the learning speed compared to PFLS. The work presented will improve the potential application of probabilistic fuzzy logic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Keemun black tea (KBT) is one of the most popular tea beverages in China as a result of its unique flavor and potential health benefits. The geographical origin of KBT influences its quality and price. The present study aimed to apply a head‐space solid phase microextraction approach and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometric analysis to profile the volatile compounds of KBT collected from five production areas. RESULTS: Thirty‐one peaks were detected in 61 KBT samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) were employed to visualize the volatile fractions. The results of unsupervised statistical tools were compared using a test for similarities and distinctions, which showed that different sources may be associated. A satisfying combination of average recognition (91.7%) and cross‐validation prediction abilities (84.6%) was obtained for the PCA–k‐NN. Among all of the statistical tools, SLDA provided promising results, with 100% recognition and 96.4% prediction ability. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in the present study indicate that the volatile compounds can be used as indicators to identify the geographical origin of KBT. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease, which is common but rarely diagnosed. Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently required to assist in the diagnosis of CLI. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs play an important role in the development of various diseases. In this study, microarray profiling revealed 11 miRNAs with significantly altered expression in four T2DM patients with CLI compared with that in four sex- and age-matched T2DM patients without CLI. In independent cohorts, qRT-PCR validation confirmed the increased miRNA-4739 level in patients with CLI versus patients without CLI. miRNA-4739 levels increased with FPG and HbA1c (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for the risk factors, miRNA-4739 levels were found to be associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with CLI (OR =12.818, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.148 to 143.143, P = 0.038). ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-4739+confounding risk factors was 0.94 (95% CI 0.891 to 0.998, P < 0.001), which was higher than that of confounding risk factors (AUC 0.94 vs. 0.91, 95% CI -0.122 to 0.060, P > 0.05) and of miR-4739 (AUC 0.94 vs. 0.69, 95% CI -0.399 to -0.101, P < 0.001), respectively. We conclude that elevated plasma miRNA-4739 levels are independently associated with CLI in T2DM patients. miRNA-4739 is implicated as a novel diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for CLI in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and it has become a major public health problem worldwide because of its high and increasing prevalence, morbidity, and disability rate. The current medications for DSPN are not entirely satisfactory. Preliminary studies indicated that the Chinese herbal TangBi Formula may alleviate signs and symptoms and improve the velocity of nerve conduction in patients with DSPN. This study was designed to determine if Chinese herbal medicine used in combination with conventional treatment is more effective than conventional treatment alone.Methods/design: We are conducting a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial as a means of assessing the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. A total of 188 patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a treatment group (TangBi Formula plus mecobalamin) and a control group (placebo plus mecobalamin). The test period lasts 6 months, during which all of the patients will be given standard medical care as recommended by established guidelines. The primary outcome will be development of differences in changes in clinical symptoms and signs in patients and changes in Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score (MDNS) between the two groups before and after treatment. The secondary outcome will be changes in nerve conduction velocity and in single clinical signs and symptoms. Safety assessments and adverse events will also be evaluated.Discussion: We postulate that patients with DSPN will benefit from therapy that includes TCM. If successful, this work will provide an evidence-based complementary therapeutic approach for treatment of DSPN.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03010241 . Registered on 2 January 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver dysfunction and liver failure are serious complications of sepsis, directly leading to septic progression and death. Now, there is no specific therapeutics available for sepsis-related liver dysfunction. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG), a chromone richest in the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk, is usually used to treat headache, rheumatoid arthritis and tetanus. While, the underlying mechanisms of POG against sepsis-induced liver damage and dysfunction are still not clear.Purpose: To study the anti-sepsis effect of POG, and its pharmacological mechanism to protect liver injury by weakening the function of macrophages in septic livers through inhibiting NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway.Method: In vivo experiments, septic mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and then the mortality was detected, liver inflammatory damages and plasma biomarkers of liver injury were evaluated by histopathological staining and biochemical assays, respectively. In vitro experiments, mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP, and then the activated-inflammasomes, macrophage migration and polarization were detected by ASC immunofluorescence staining, transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. NLRP3 inflammasome components NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 protein expressions were detected using western blot assays, and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA assays.Results: POG treatment significantly decreased the mortality, liver inflammatory damages, hepatocyte apoptosis and plasma biomarkers of liver injury in CLP-challenged male WT mice, which were comparable to those in ibuprofen (a putative anti-inflammatory drug)-supplemented septic male WT mice and septic NLRP3 deficient-male mice. POG supplementation significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in septic liver tissues and cultured macrophages, by significantly reducing NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 levels, the activated-inflammasome ASC specks, and macrophage infiltration and migration, as well as M1-like polarization, but significantly increasing M2-like polarization. These findings were similar to the pharmacological effects of ibuprofen, NLRP3 deficiency, and a special NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950.Conclusion: POG protected against sepsis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage activation in septic liver and attenuating liver inflammatory injury, indicating that it may be a potential anti-sepsis drug candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Roscoea is a Sino-Himalayan alpine genus in pantropical family Zingiberaeae. As traditional Tibetan medicinal plants, many species of this genus are threatened by digging, logging, land clearance, grazing and climate change. Roscoea debilis is an endemic species in the Hengduan Mountains with a narrow distribution range. In this study, the assembled and annotated genome of Roscoea was presented in order to furnish significant resources for comparative and functional genomic investigations. The first complete reference genome of Roscoea is expected to shed light on research on conservation and evolutionary biology. Data description: A chromosome-level genome of 1601.04 Mb was obtained for R. debilis by combining Illumina short reads (107.28 Gb) and PacBio Hi-Fi reads (64.08 Gb), achieving high-quality sequencing coverage of roughly 67 × and 40 ×. The assembly was additionally assisted by 271.65 Gb Hi-C data (169 ×), which resulted in a contig N50 of 136.17 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 90.48 Mb. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) assessment results revealed that most of the core embryophyta genes (98.7%) in the BUSCO dataset (embryophyta_odb10) were successfully identified. Additionally, 96.44% of the genomic sequences were accurately mapped onto twelve pseudochromosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEK proto-oncogene (DEK) has been demonstrated as an oncogene and is associated with the development of many types of tumor; however, the expression and role of DEK in breast cancer remain unknown. The present study aimed to determine the role of DEK in the progression of breast cancer. The expression of DEK in 110 breast cancer tissues and 50 adjacent normal breast tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, DEK expression was upregulated by DEK transfection or downregulated by DEK shRNA interference in MCF7 cells. Proliferative and invasive abilities were examined in MCF7 cells using MTT assay, colony-formation assay and transwell invasion assays. The results demonstrated that DEK expression level was significantly increased in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues. Furthermore, high DEK expression was associated with high histological grade, lymph node metastasis, advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage and high Ki-67 index; however, DEK expression was not associated with the expression level of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. High DEK expression indicated poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. DEK overexpression upregulated the protein expression of β-catenin and Wnt and increased the proliferative and invasive abilities of breast cancer cells. DEK downregulation had the opposite effect. Taken together, the results from the present study demonstrated that high expression of DEK was common in patients with breast cancer and was associated with progression of the disease and poor prognosis, and that DEK overexpression promoted the proliferative and invasive abilities of breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of most important zoonotic viruses, and it can infect a wide range of host species. Avian HEV has been identified as the aetiological agent of big liver and spleen disease or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens. HEV infection is common among chicken flocks in China, and there are currently no practical measures for preventing the spread of the disease. The predominant avian HEV genotype circulating in China have been identified as genotype 3 strains, although some novel genotypes have also been identified from chicken flocks in China. Results: In this study, we used a meta-transcriptomics approach to identify a new subtype of genotype 3 avian HEV in broiler chickens at a poultry farm located in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. The complete genome sequence of the avian HEV, designated CaHEV-GDSZ01, is 6655-nt long, including a 5′ UTR of 24 nt and a 3′ UTR of 125 nt (excluding the poly(A) tail), and contains three open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence analysis indicated that the complete ORF1 (4599 nt/1532 aa), ORF2 (1821 nt/606 aa) and ORF3 (264 nt/87 aa) of CaHEV-GDSZ01 share the highest nucleotide sequence identity (85.8, 86.7 and 95.8%, respectively) with the corresponding ORFs of genotype 3 avian HEV. Phylogenetic analyses further demonstrated that the avian HEV identified in this study is a new subtype of genotype 3 avian HEV. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that a new subtype of genotype 3 avian HEV is endemic in Guangdong, China, and could cause high mortality in infected chickens. This study also provides full genomic data for better understanding the evolutionary relationships of avian HEV circulating in China. Altogether, the results presented in this study suggest that more attention should be paid to avian HEV and its potential disease manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the sensitivity and dose dependency of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Adult C57BL/6 mice were daily exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 mGy γ-ray for 1 month in succession, respectively. The damage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow were investigated within 2 hours (acute phase) or at 3 months (chronic phase) after the last exposure. Daily exposure to over 10 mGy γ-ray significantly decreased the number and colony-forming capacity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells at acute phase, and did not completely recover at chronic phase with 250 mGy exposure. Interestingly, the daily exposure to 10 or 50 mGy γ-ray decreased the formation of mixed types of colonies at chronic phase, but the total number of colonies was comparable to control. Immunostaining analysis showed that the formation of 53BP1 foci in c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells was significantly increased with daily exposure to 50 and 250 mGy at acute phase, and 250 mGy at chronic phase. Many genes involved in toxicity responses were up- or down-regulated with the exposures to all doses. Our data have clearly shown the sensitivity and dose dependency of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of mice with daily exposures to 2 ~ 250 mGy γ-ray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While exploring the process of CO/CO2 electroreduction (COxRR) is of great significance to achieve carbon recycling, deciphering reaction mechanisms so as to further design catalytic systems able to overcome sluggish kinetics remains challenging. In this work, a model single-Co-atom catalyst with well-defined coordination structure is developed and employed as a platform to unravel the underlying reaction mechanism of COxRR. The as-prepared single-Co-atom catalyst exhibits a maximum methanol Faradaic efficiency as high as 65% at 30 mA/cm2 in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer, while on the contrary, the reduction pathway of CO2 to methanol is strongly decreased in CO2RR. In-situ X-ray absorption and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies point to a different adsorption configuration of *CO intermediate in CORR as compared to that in CO2RR, with a weaker stretching vibration of the C–O bond in the former case. Theoretical calculations further evidence the low energy barrier for the formation of a H-CoPc-CO– species, which is a critical factor in promoting the electrochemical reduction of CO to methanol. Deciphering the reaction mechanisms of CO/CO2 electroreduction to methanol remains challenging. Here the authors report the higher electron density of single-Co-atom center, along with a different adsorption configuration of *CO, is crucial for promoting the CO electroreduction to methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More accurate source analysis of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in atmospheric fallout that endanger biodiversity and human health remains needed. This study determined the concentrations of seven PTEs, including Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the sources of PTE pollution were quantified using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and Pearson correlation analysis, and Moran index was applied for mutual verification and supplementation. PCA and CA revealed that the same mixed sources of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, and Zn were found in the atmospheric dust fall in the study area, while Ni and Cr had the same source of pollution. Pearson correlation analysis provided that there were strong correlations between Pb–Cd, Pb-As, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cd-Cu, As-Cu, and Ni–Cr, indicating commonality between the two sources of heavy metal pollution. Additionally, the Moran index showed that strong spatial correlations were observed between Pb, Cd, As, Cu, and Zn, whose sources were mainly related to non-ferrous metal processing smelter smelting slag sites and an environmental company in the study area. However, no spatial correlation was found between Ni and Cr, which mainly originated from the local geological background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the influence of widely used protein affinity tags and the tobacco PR1a signal peptide (SP) on detection, purification and bioactivity analyses of the small oomycete apoplastic effector SCR96 in planta. Results: Through agroinfiltration, the phytotoxic effector SCR96 of Phytophthora cactorum was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf apoplast as a fusion protein carrying single affinity tag (His, HA or FLAG) at either C- or N-terminus. Leaf necrosis caused by different affinity-tagged SCR96 varied among tags and replicates. All of tagged proteins can be detected by antibodies against SCR96. All of SCR96 fusions except N-terminally fused 6His-tagged protein were detected using tag antibodies, indicating that 6His tag may be degraded when fused at N-terminus. Interestingly, C-terminal His- and FLAG-tagged SCR96 maintained the biological activity after purification. In the substitution assay of SCR96 SP, we observed that PR1a SP can lead chimeric SCR96 expression in N. benthamiana, but the replacement totally disrupted its bioactivity. Conclusion: C-terminal His or FLAG tag, along with its original SP, is efficient enough to enable detection and purification of functional SCR96 from N. benthamiana leaf apoplast, which would facilitate plant–pathogen interaction studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests offer critical social, economic, and ecological benefits. As fifty‐five percent of Georgia's forests are family‐owned, management decisions of these forest landowners have a considerable impact on the state's environment and beyond. So far, little is known about what drives the conservation intentions of forest landowners and how these drivers vary by gender. However, several studies outside the field of forestry have theorized that place attachment predicts pro‐environmental views and behaviors. To test this theory, we surveyed 1,143 family forest landowners in Georgia. Our results show that male landowners report stronger attachments to their forest, except for continuing family legacies which is of greater importance for female landowners. Regression models show that all dimensions of place attachments (dependence, identity, satisfaction, and family legacy) are strong predictors for conservation intentions in males. In contrast, the level of education and only a few dimensions (satisfaction and, to a lesser extent, dependence) of place attachment predict conservation intentions in females. As gender demographics in forest landowners are shifting and environmental degradation is an increasingly pressing concern, this study provides important insights and offers directions for further research for policymakers, researchers, and extension agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gelsemium is a small genus of flowering plants from the family Loganiaceae comprising five species, three of which, Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J. St.‐Hil., G. elegans Benth and G. rankinii Small, are particularly popular. Compared with other alkaloids from G. elegans, gelsemine, gelsevirine and koumine exhibit equally potent anxiolytic effects and low toxicity. Although the pharmacological activities and metabolism of koumine and gelsemine have been reported in previous studies, the species differences of gelsevirine metabolism have not been well studied. In this study, the metabolism of gelsevirine was investigated by using liver microsomes of humans, pigs, goats and rats by means of HPLC‐QqTOF/MS. The results indicated that the metabolism of gelsevirine in liver microsomes had qualitative and quantitative species differences. Based on the results, the possible metabolic pathways of gelsevirine in liver microsomes were proposed. Investigation of the metabolism of gelsevirine will provide a basis for further studies of the in vivo metabolism of this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a new type of hybrid material assembled with metallic ions and organic ligands, is useful precursors or templates for the construction of various materials. MOFs derivatives show excellent performance as Li ion batteries (LIBs) electrodes or catalytic materials. Herein, we report a convenient, straightforward one-pot preparation of tin oxides nanoparticles confined in porous carbon matrices by carbonizing Sn-based MOFs. The as-prepared SnO 2 /SnO@C electrode show excellent cycling electrochemical and rate properties. It delivers an initial specific capacity of 1567.1 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 current density as well as a remarkably enhanced cycle performance. Density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations, ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) further reveal the lithium storage mechanism of SnO 2 /SnO@C electrodes. These results demonstrate that as-synthesized SnO 2 /SnO@C composite is a promising anode material for LIBs. Image 1 • Sn-based MOF was used to prepare SnO 2 /SnO@C composite. • SnO 2 /SnO@C electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. • Porous carbon matrix can improve the electronic conductivity of SnO x. • Ex-situ XRD, and XPS reveal the Li+ storage mechanism of SnO 2 /SnO@C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]