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619 results on '"Griffin, Patricia"'

1. Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization and Fatality Rates in the Prevaccination Period, United States

Author

Griffin, Isabel, King, Jessica, Lyons, B. Casey, Singleton, Alyson L., Deng, Xidong, Bruce, Beau B., and Griffin, Patricia M.

Subjects
Mortality -- Forecasts and trends -- United States, Hospital care -- Statistics, Market trend/market analysis, Health
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 resulted in >20 million reported cases, 480,000 hospitalizations, and 350,000 deaths in the United States through December 2020 (1). SARS-CoV-2 self-testing [...]

Published
2024
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4. Risk Factors for Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections, United States

Author

Marder, Ellyn P., Cui, Zhaohui, Bruce, Beau B., Richardson, LaTonia Clay, Boyle, Michelle M., Cieslak, Paul R., Comstock, Nicole, Lathrop, Sarah, Garman, Katie, McGuire, Suzanne, Olson, Danyel, Vugia, Duc J., Wilson, Siri, Griffin, Patricia M., and Medus, Carlota

Subjects
Escherichia coli infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which encompasses all STEC serogroups other than O157, causes an estimated 219,000 US infections annually (1). Typical symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, [...]

Published
2023
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5. Novel Outbreak-Associated Food Vehicles, United States

Author

Whitham, Hilary K., Sundararaman, Preethi, Dewey-Mattia, Daniel, Manikonda, Karunya, Marshall, Katherine E., Griffin, Patricia M., Gleason, Brigette L., Subramhanya, Sanjana, and Crowe, Samuel J.

Subjects
Epidemics -- Distribution, Foodborne diseases -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Distribution, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Foodborne illness is a major public health issue in the United States; millions of persons become ill from contaminated food every year (1). Most cases are sporadic (i.e., not associated [...]

Published
2021
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6. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2016–2019

Author

Tack, Danielle M., Ray, Logan, Griffin, Patricia M., Cieslak, Paul R., Dunn, John, Rissman, Tamara, Jervis, Rachel, Lathrop, Sarah, Muse, Alison, Duwell, Monique, Smith, Kirk, Tobin-D’Angelo, Melissa, Vugia, Duc J., Kufel, Joanna Zablotsky, Wolpert, Beverly J., Tauxe, Robert, and Payne, Daniel C.

Published
2020

7. Increased Incidence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections, United States, 2004-2016

Author

Medalla, Felicita, Gu, Weidong, Friedman, Cindy R., Judd, Michael, Folster, Jason, Griffin, Patricia M., and Hoekstra, Robert M.

Subjects
Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Statistics, Salmonellosis -- Statistics, Health
Abstract

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections cause an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths each year in the United States (2). Although most infections result in self-limited illness, antimicrobial treatment [...]

Published
2021
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9. Recency-Weighted Statistical Modeling Approach to Attribute Illnesses Caused by 4 Pathogens to Food Sources Using Outbreak Data, United States

Author

Batz, Michael B., Richardson, LaTonia C., Bazaco, Michael C., Parker, Cary Chen, Chirtel, Stuart J., Cole, Dana, Golden, Neal J., Griffin, Patricia M., Gu, Weidong, Schmit, Susan K., Wolpert, Beverly J., Kufel, Joanna S. Zablotsky, and Hoekstra, R. Michael

Subjects
Epidemics -- Models -- United States, Foodborne diseases -- Causes of -- Distribution, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Each year in the United States, nontyphoidal Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter cause >2 million estimated foodborne illnesses, 31,000 hospitalizations, and 700 deaths (1), representing an estimated [...]

Published
2021
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10. Attribution of Illnesses Transmitted by Food and Water to Comprehensive Transmission Pathways Using Structured Expert Judgment, United States

Author

Beshearse, Elizabeth, Bruce, Beau B., Nane, Gabriela F., Cooke, Roger M., Aspinall, Willy, Hald, Tine, Crim, Stacy M., Griffin, Patricia M., Fullerton, Kathleen E., Collier, Sarah A., Benedict, Katharine M., Beach, Michael J., Hall, Aron J., and Havelaar, Arie H.

Subjects
Waterborne infections -- Distribution -- Causes of, Disease transmission -- Analysis, Foodborne diseases -- Distribution -- Causes of, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Illnesses transmitted commonly by food and water result in a major disease burden on both a national and a global scale (1). Each year in the United States, [approximately equal [...]

Published
2021
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12. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections Caused by Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food--Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2022

Author

Delahoy, Miranda J., Shah, Hazel J., Weller, Daniel Lowell, Ray, Logan C., Smith, Kirk, McGuire, Suzanne, Trevejo, Rosalie T., Walter, Elaine Scallan, Wymore, Katie, Rissman, Tamara, McMillian, Marcy, Lathrop, Sarah, LaClair, Bethany, Boyle, Michelle M., Harris, Stic, Zablotsky-Kufel, Joanna, Houck, Kennedy, Devine, Carey J., Lau, Carey E., Tauxe, Robert V., Bruce, Beau B., Griffin, Patricia M., and Payne, Daniel C.

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture, United States. Food and Drug Administration, Medical research -- Health aspects, Medicine, Experimental -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Health aspects, Foodborne diseases -- Health aspects, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Each year, infections from major foodborne pathogens are responsible for an estimated 9.4 million illnesses, 56,000 hospitalizations, and 1,350 deaths in the United States (1). To evaluate progress toward prevention [...]

Published
2023

13. Salmonella Outbreaks Associated with Not Ready-to-Eat Breaded, Stuffed Chicken Products-United States, 1998-2022

Author

Ford, Laura, Buuck, Sean, Eisenstein, Taylor, Cote, Andrea, McCormic, Zachary D., Kremer-Caldwell, Selena, Kissler, Bonnie, Forstner, Matthew, Sorenson, Alida, Wise, Matthew E., Smith, Kirk, Medus, Carlota, Griffin, Patricia M., and Robyn, Misha

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture, United States. Food Safety and Inspection Service, Salmonella food poisoning, Poultry industry, Convenience foods -- Contamination, Salmonella, Health
Abstract

Not ready-to-eat (NRTE) breaded, stuffed chicken products (e.g., chicken stuffed with broccoli and cheese) typically have a crispy, browned exterior that can make them appear cooked. These products have been [...]

Published
2023

14. Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections by Isolate Resistance—Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 US Sites, 2004–2018.

Author

Watkins, Louise K Francois, Luna, Sarah, Bruce, Beau B, Medalla, Felicita, Reynolds, Jared L, Ray, Logan C, Wilson, Elisha L, Caidi, Hayat, and Griffin, Patricia M

Subjects
ANTIBIOTICS, PUBLIC health surveillance, DEATH, MICROBIAL virulence, AZITHROMYCIN, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, HOSPITAL care, TRAVEL, SEROTYPES, BLOODBORNE infections, EVALUATION of medical care, AGE distribution, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RACE, ODDS ratio, PATHOGENIC microorganisms, EPIDEMICS, CO-trimoxazole, FOOD poisoning, LENGTH of stay in hospitals, PUBLIC health, CONFIDENCE intervals, NATURAL immunity, DATA analysis software, TREATMENT failure, SALMONELLA diseases, CEFTRIAXONE
Abstract

Background Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes an estimated 1.35 million US infections annually. Antimicrobial-resistant strains are a serious public health threat. We examined the association between resistance and the clinical outcomes of hospitalization, length-of-stay ≥3 days, and death. Methods We linked epidemiologic data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network with antimicrobial resistance data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for nontyphoidal Salmonella infections from 2004 to 2018. We defined any resistance as resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial and clinical resistance as resistance to ampicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (for the subset of isolates tested for all 5 agents). We compared outcomes before and after adjusting for age, state, race/ethnicity, international travel, outbreak association, and isolate serotype and source. Results Twenty percent of isolates (1105/5549) had any resistance, and 16% (469/2969) had clinical resistance. Persons whose isolates had any resistance were more likely to be hospitalized (31% vs 28%, P =.01) or have length-of-stay ≥3 days (20% vs 16%, P =.01). Deaths were rare but more common among those with any than no resistance (1.0% vs 0.4%, P =.01). Outcomes for patients whose isolates had clinical resistance did not differ significantly from those with no resistance. After adjustment, any resistance (adjusted odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.46) remained significantly associated with hospitalization. Conclusions We observed a significant association between nontyphoidal Salmonella infections caused by resistant pathogens and likelihood of hospitalization. Clinical resistance was not associated with poorer outcomes, suggesting that factors other than treatment failure (eg, strain virulence, strain source, host factors) may be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. A critical edition of William Sampson's 'The Vow Breaker' (1636)

Author

Griffin, Patricia A., Hopkins, Lisa, and Steggle, Matthew

Subjects
820.9004
Abstract

This thesis is a critical edition of William Sampson's mid-seventeenth-century play, The Vow Breaker, or The Fair Maid of Clifton, edited according to the guidelines set down by the Revels Plays Series. The Introduction is divided into ten sections: William Sampson; performance; synopsis; the siege of Leith; navigation of the Trent; other seventeenth-century vow breakers; the significance of The Fair Maid of Clifton; genre; the 1636 text; Hans Wallrath. In addition, there is a full textual collation and details of editorial procedures. The play itself is presented in a fully modernised version. There is a full Commentary with index, and a bibliography. In the Appendix there is a facsimile of the Bodleian copy of The Vow Breaker and a map suggesting Sampson's connection with the counties of Nottingham and Derby. This is the first modem edition of The Vow Breaker and is supported by a full Commentary. The Introduction supplements that of Hans Wallrath of 1914 and brings together in one place all the other information that I have been able to find about the play and its contexts. My thesis makes this little-known play accessible to modem readers and enables some, at least, of its original meanings and resonances to be recovered. In addition, I have produced a text that might be usable to anyone who wished to stage a performance.

Published
2009

20. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections Caused by Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food--Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2016-2021

Author

Collins, Jennifer P., Shah, Hazel J., Weller, Daniel Lowell, Ray, Logan C., Smith, Kirk, McGuire, Suzanne, Trevejo, Rosalie T., Jervis, Rachel H., Vugia, Duc J., Rissman, Tamara, Garman, Katie N., Lathrop, Sarah, LaClair, Bethany, Boyle, Michelle M., Harris, Stic, Kufel, Joanna Zablotsky, Tauxe, Robert V., Bruce, Beau B., Rose, Erica Billig, Griffin, Patricia M., and Payne, Daniel C.

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture, United States. Food and Drug Administration, United States. Department of Health and Human Services, United States. Food Safety and Inspection Service, Social service -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Foodborne diseases -- Health aspects, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Health aspects, Escherichia coli -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

To evaluate progress toward prevention of enteric infections in the United States, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts active population-based surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed infections caused by Campylobacter, Cyclospora, [...]

Published
2022

23. Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food and the Effect of Increasing Use of Culture-Independent Diagnostic Tests on Surveillance — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2012–2015

Author

Huang, Jennifer Y., Henao, Olga L., Griffin, Patricia M., Vugia, Duc J., Cronquist, Alicia B., Hurd, Sharon, Tobin-D’Angelo, Melissa, Ryan, Patricia, Smith, Kirk, Lathrop, Sarah, Zansky, Shelley, Cieslak, Paul R., Dunn, John, Holt, Kristin G., Wolpert, Beverly J., and Patrick, Mary E.

Published
2016

24. A Comparative Case Analysis of the Innovation in Five STEM Schools Based on Zhao's Framework for 21st Century World Class Learners

Author

Griffin, Patricia A.

Abstract

STEM Schools purport to prepare students to learn and work in the 21st Century by providing students with innovative learning experiences through the interdisciplinary integration of science, technology, engineering, and math (Tsupros, 2009). Advocates of STEM and innovative school models argue that the traditional school system does not and cannot prepare students for the global or innovative economy (Wagner, 2010; Zhao, 2012). The purpose of this study was to research not only how STEM Schools are innovative but how an evaluative tool can be constructed and administered to determine a school's Taxonomy of Innovation. A multiple case-study was the appropriate method (Yin, 2014). As there is a lack of qualitative research regarding innovation in STEM Schools, this is the first study to determine how the degree of innovation in school design-school culture can be qualified. Additionally, the research design supported the development of the nomenclature to simultaneously deconstruct and synthesize the components and elements in each school, specifically, its school design-school culture (Smith, 2012), in order to determine the degree of innovation. Employing Zhao's (2012) 36 innovative indicators for world class education, the methodology relied on interviews, frameworks, and school artifacts. A case report for each school and a cross-case analysis provided the data for comparative analysis. The findings in the cross-case analysis indicated that STEM Schools are Mixed STEM Schools, traditional and innovative. The most innovative element was Product-based Learning. The most innovative components were Beliefs, Standards, Teachers, STEM, Community, Strength-based: Unique and Local, Authentic Products, Sustained and Disciplined Process, Personalization, and Mentoring. The components of Student Voice, Choice, Support, Global Orientation, Global Competence and the elements, Student Autonomy, and Global Campus were traditional. The Core of the Taxonomy of Innovation at the base of the U Path process, adapted from Senge's (2012) organizational theory and U Theory (Scharmer, 2009), part of the researcher's evaluative tool, recommends an upward move on the U Path so schools can challenge barriers to innovation, in order to repurpose, and develop the Core of Innovation, providing students with an innovative world class education. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2015

25. Mullet on the beach : The Minorcans of Florida, 1768–1788

Author

Griffin, Patricia C.

Subjects
History / United States / State & Local / South (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV)
Abstract

The books in the Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series demonstrate the University Press of Florida’s long history of publishing Latin American and Caribbean studies titles that connect in and through Florida, highlighting the connections between the Sunshine State and its neighboring islands. Books in this series show how early explorers found and settled Florida and the Caribbean. They tell the tales of early pioneers, both foreign and domestic. They examine topics critical to the area such as travel, migration, economic opportunity, and tourism. They look at the growth of Florida and the Caribbean and the attendant pressures on the environment, culture, urban development, and the movement of peoples, both forced and voluntary. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series gathers the rich data available in these architectural, archaeological, cultural, and historical works, as well as the travelogues and naturalists’ sketches of the area in prior to the twentieth century, making it accessible for scholars and the general public alike. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series is made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, under the Humanities Open Books program.

Published
2017

27. Epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype Dublin infections among humans, United States, 1968-2013

Author

Harvey, R. Reid, Friedman, Cindy R., Crim, Stacy M., Judd, Michael, Barrett, Kelly A., Tolar, Beth, Folster, Jason P., Griffin, Patricia M., and Brown, Allison C.

Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration -- Analysis, United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, Salmonella -- Analysis, Drug resistance -- Analysis, Epidemiology -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Salmonella Dublin is a zoonotic Salmonella enterica serotype that in recent years has increased in infection incidence, antimicrobial drug resistance, and illness clinical severity. The Centers for Disease Control and [...]

Published
2017
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28. Estimated incidence of antimicrobial drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, United States, 2004-2012

Author

Medalla, Felicita, Gu, Weidong, Mahon, Barbara E., Judd, Michael, Folster, Jason, Griffin, Patricia M., and Hoekstra, Robert M.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, Salmonellosis -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Salmonella -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Ampicillin -- Contamination -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Microbial drug resistance -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Medical research -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Infection -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Ciprofloxacin -- Contamination -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Each year in the United States, nontyphoidal Salmonella causes an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths (1). Antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella is a serious threat to public health [...]

Published
2017

30. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2006–2014

Author

Crim, Stacy M., Griffin, Patricia M., Tauxe, Robert, Marder, Ellyn P., Gilliss, Debra, Cronquist, Alicia B., Cartter, Matthew, Tobin-D’Angelo, Melissa, Blythe, David, Smith, Kirk, Lathrop, Sarah, Zansky, Shelley, Cieslak, Paul R., Dunn, John, Holt, Kristin G., Wolpert, Beverly, and Henao, Olga L.

Published
2015

33. Decreased Incidence of Infections Caused by Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food During the COVID-19 Pandemic--Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2017-2020

Author

Ray, Logan C., Collins, Jennifer P., Griffin, Patricia M., Shah, Hazel J., Boyle, Michelle M., Cieslak, Paul R., Dunn, John, Lathrop, Sarah, McGuire, Suzanne, Rissman, Tamara, Walter, Elaine J. Scallan, Smith, Kirk, Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa, Wymore, Katie, Kufel, Joanna Zablotsky, Wolpert, Beverly J., Tauxe, Robert, and Payne, Daniel C.

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture -- Safety and security measures, United States. Food and Drug Administration -- Safety and security measures, United States. Food Safety and Inspection Service -- Safety and security measures, Food -- Safety and security measures, Infection -- Safety and security measures -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Health aspects -- Safety and security measures, Public health -- Safety and security measures -- Health aspects, Foodborne diseases -- Safety and security measures -- Health aspects, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Safety and security measures -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Foodborne illnesses are a substantial and largely preventable public health problem; before 2020 the incidence of most infections transmitted commonly through food had not declined for many years. To evaluate [...]

Published
2021

35. Incidence and Trends of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2006–2013

Author

Crim, Stacy M., Iwamoto, Martha, Huang, Jennifer Y., Griffin, Patricia M., Gilliss, Debra, Cronquist, Alicia B., Cartter, Matthew, Tobin-D’Angelo, Melissa, Blythe, David, Smith, Kirk, Lathrop, Sarah, Zansky, Shelley, Cieslak, Paul R., Dunn, John, Holt, Kristin G., Lance, Susan, Tauxe, Robert, and Henao, Olga L.

Published
2014

37. Repeated measures analyses of dermatitis symptom evolution in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in a phase 3 randomized trial of mometasone furoate vs placebo (N06C4 [alliance])

Author

Sio, Terence T., Atherton, Pamela J., Birckhead, Brandon J., Schwartz, David J., Sloan, Jeff A., Seisler, Drew K., Martenson, James A., Loprinzi, Charles L., Griffin, Patricia C., Morton, Roscoe F., Anders, Jon C., Stoffel, Thomas J., Haselow, Robert E., Mowat, Rex B., Wittich, Michelle A. Neben, Bearden, III, James D., and Miller, Robert C.

Published
2016
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39. Foodborne diseases active surveillance network--2 decades of achievements, 1996-2015

Author

Henao, Olga L., Jones, Timothy F., Vugia, Duc J., and Griffin, Patricia M.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Safety and security measures, Food -- Safety and security measures, Infection, Foodborne diseases, Health
Abstract

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, recognizing inconsistencies inherent in passive national surveillance systems, epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) proposed creating a population-based active [...]

Published
2015
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40. Escherichia coli O157 outbreaks in the United States, 2003-2012

Author

Heiman, Katherine E., Mody, Rajal K., Johnson, Shacara D., Griffin, Patricia M., and Gould, L. Hannah

Subjects
Beef, Infection, Vegetables, Escherichia coli, Health
Abstract

Signs and symptoms of infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 can include diarrhea that is often bloody, severe stomach cramps, and vomiting; infection can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome [...]

Published
2015
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46. Comparison of Provider-Assessed and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Acute Skin Toxicity During a Phase III Trial of Mometasone Cream Versus Placebo During Breast Radiotherapy: The North Central Cancer Treatment Group (N06C4)

Author

Neben-Wittich, Michelle A., Atherton, Pamela J., Schwartz, David J., Sloan, Jeff A., Griffin, Patricia C., Deming, Richard L., Anders, Jon C., Loprinzi, Charles L., Burger, Kelli N., Martenson, James A., and Miller, Robert C.

Published
2011
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47. Mometasone Furoate Effect on Acute Skin Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy: A Phase III Double-Blind, Randomized Trial From the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N06C4

Author

Miller, Robert C., Schwartz, David J., Sloan, Jeff A., Griffin, Patricia C., Deming, Richard L., Anders, Jon C., Stoffel, Thomas J., Haselow, Robert E., Schaefer, Paul L., Bearden, James D., III, Atherton, Pamela J., Loprinzi, Charles L., and Martenson, James A.

Published
2011
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50. Listeria monocytogenes Illness and Deaths Associated With Ongoing Contamination of a Multiregional Brand of Ice Cream Products, United States, 2010–2015.

Author

Conrad, Amanda R, Tubach, Sheri, Cantu, Venessa, Webb, Lindsey Martin, Stroika, Steven, Moris, Steve, Davis, Megan, Hunt, D Charles, Bradley, Kristy K, Kucerova, Zuzana, Strain, Errol, Doyle, Matthew, Fields, Angela, Neil, Karen P, Gould, L Hannah, Jackson, Kelly A, Wise, Matthew E, Griffin, Patricia M, and Jackson, Brendan R

Subjects
DAIRY microbiology, FOOD contamination, PRODUCT recall, FOOD safety, SEQUENCE analysis, LISTERIOSIS, FOOD microbiology, CROSS infection, ACQUISITION of data, MOLECULAR biology, COMMERCIAL product evaluation, RESEARCH funding, MEDICAL records, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Background Frozen foods have rarely been linked to Listeria monocytogenes illness. We describe an outbreak investigation prompted by both hospital clustering of illnesses and product testing. Methods We identified outbreak-associated listeriosis cases using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), product testing results, and epidemiologic linkage to cases in the same Kansas hospital. We reviewed hospital medical and dietary records, product invoices, and molecular subtyping results. Federal and state officials tested product and environmental samples for L. monocytogenes. Results Kansas officials were investigating 5 cases of listeriosis at a single hospital when, simultaneously, unrelated sampling for a study in South Carolina identified L. monocytogenes in Company A ice cream products made in Texas. Isolates from 4 patients and Company A products were closely related by WGS, and the 4 patients with known exposures had consumed milkshakes made with Company A ice cream while hospitalized. Further testing identified L. monocytogenes in ice cream produced in a second Company A production facility in Oklahoma; these isolates were closely related by WGS to those from 5 patients in 3 other states. These 10 illnesses, involving 3 deaths, occurred from 2010 through 2015. Company A ultimately recalled all products. Conclusions In this US outbreak of listeriosis linked to a widely distributed brand of ice cream, WGS and product sampling helped link cases spanning 5 years to 2 production facilities, indicating longstanding contamination. Comprehensive sanitation controls and environmental and product testing for L. monocytogenes with regulatory oversight should be implemented for ice cream production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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