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The species Pleuroceratos tertius sp. nov. from Cretaceous Burmese amber is described, illustrated and compared with similar known species., Pleuroceratos tertius sp. nov. est décrite à partir d’un morceau d’ambre Birman du Crétacé, illustrée et comparée aux espèces proches.

The species Afroeme kruegeri sp. nov. (Cerambycinae, Xystrocerini) from South Africa is described, and compared to the other two species from this genus., L'espèce Afroeme kruegeri sp. nov. (Cerambycinae, Xystrocerini) d'Afrique du Sud est décrite et comparée aux autres espèces du genre.

A new species, Anthrenus (Anthrenodes) sarahae sp. nov. from Benin is described, illustrated and compared with similar species. The species Dermestes (Dermestes) wittei Kalík, 1955 and Attagenus robustior (Pic, 1951) are recorded from Benin., Une nouvelle espèce est décrite du Bénin : Anthrenus (Anthrenodes) sarahae sp. nov. Elle est illustrée et comparée aux espèces les plus proches. Dermestes (Dermestes) wittei Kalík, 1955 et Attagenus robustior (Pic, 1951) sont observées pour la première fois au Bénin.

A new species of Paratropis Simon, 1889, P. tortue sp. nov., based on the holotype male, is described from Petites Montagnes Tortue Biological Reserve, French Guiana., Une nouvelle espèce du genre Paratropis Simon, 1889, P. tortue n. sp., est décrite de la Réserve biologique des Petites Montagnes Tortue en Guyane, basée sur un holotype mâle.

Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995, a wasp from the family Eupelmidae, was observed for the first time in France on September 4th 2021. This is the third observation of this species ever. This sighting allowed for the first photographs of a live individual of this species. Furthermore, another specimen was once again observed in the exact same location one year later on September 1st 2022., Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995, une guêpe de la famille Eupelmidae, a été observé pour la première fois en France le 4 Septembre 2021. Ceci est la troisième observation au monde de cette espèce et a permis les premières photographies d’un individu vivant de cette espèce. De plus, un autre spécimen a été vu exactement au même endroit un an plus tard, le 1er Septembre 2022.

Living in variable and unpredictable environments, organisms face recurrent stressful situations. The endocrine stress response, which includes the secretion of glucocorticoids, helps organisms to cope with these perturbations. Although short-term elevations of glucocorticoid levels are often associated with immediate beneficial consequences for individuals, long-term glucocorticoid elevation can compromise key physiological functions such as immunity. While laboratory works highlighted the immunosuppressive effect of long-term elevated glucocorticoids, it remains largely unknown, especially in wild animals, whether this relationship is modulated by individual and environmental characteristics. In this study, we explored the co-variation between baseline cortisol levels, assessed non-invasively using faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs), and 12 constitutive indices of innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune functions, in wild roe deer living in three populations with contrasting environmental conditions. Using longitudinal data on 564 individuals, we further investigated whether age and spatio-temporal variations in the quantity and quality of food resources affect the relationship between FCMs and immunity. Negative covariation with glucocorticoids was evident only for innate and inflammatory markers of immunity, while adaptive immunity appeared to be positively or not linked to glucocorticoids. In addition, the negative covariations were generally exacerbated, or revealed, in individuals facing harsh environmental constraints and in old individuals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of measuring multiple immune markers of immunity in individuals from contrasted environments to unravel the complex relationships between glucocorticoids and immunity in wild animals. Our results also help explain conflicting results found in the literature and could improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of elevated glucocorticoid levels on disease spread and population dynamics.

Four new species are described from the Neotropical region: Sternidius micromaculatus sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Acanthocinini), from Belize; Cymatonycha megagena sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Desmiphorini), from Mexico (Chiapas); Adesmus alboverticis sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); and Novantinoe pubescens sp. nov. (Disteniidae), from Guatemala. A key to species of Cymatonycha Bates, 1874 is provided, and Novantinoe pubescens sp. nov. is included in a previous key., Quatre nouvelles espèces sont décrites de la région néotropicale: Sternidius micromaculatus sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Acanthocinini), from Belize; Cymatonycha megagena sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Desmiphorini), from Mexico (Chiapas); Adesmus alboverticis sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); and Novantinoe pubescens sp. nov. (Disteniidae), from Guatemala. Une clé du genre Cymatonycha Bates, 1874 est proposée, et Novantinoe pubescens sp. nov. est incorporée dans la clé déjà connue.

New buthid scorpions are described from Saudi Arabia, from a site never studied previously, the Mahazat as-Sayd Reserve, in the centre of the country. Two species are described, based on one adult male (Compsobuthus mahazat sp. n.) and one adult female (Orthochirus arabicus sp. n.). The total number of scorpion species currently recognized in Saudi Arabia is now raised to 30., De nouveaux scorpions Buthidae d’Arabie Saoudite sont décrits d’un site non étudié auparavant, la réserve de Mahazat as-Sayd, dans le centre du pays. Deux espèces sont décrites sur la base d’un mâle adulte (Compsobuthus mahazat sp. n.) et d’une femelle adulte (Orthochirus arabicus sp. n.). Le nombre total d’espèces de scorpions actuellement reconnues pour l’Arabie Saoudite est porté à 30.

A new species of Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837 is described on the basis of one adult male and one adult female collected in the inselberg of Tumasberg, Namib-Naukluft National Park, Erongo region, Namibia. Opistophthalmus tumas sp. n. shows similarities with O. holmi (Lawrence, 1969) and O. jenseni (Lamoral, 1972) but can be easily distinguished from both species by several morphological features. The new taxon described here raises the number of known species for the genus Opistophthalmus in Namibia to 30, and the total number of currently recognized species for the genus to 60., Une nouvelle espèce d’Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837 est décrite sur la base d’un mâle adulte et d’une femelle adulte collectés dans l’inselberg de Tumasberg, Parc National de Namib-Naukluft, région de Erongo, Namibie. Opistophthalmus tumas sp. n. montre des similarités avec O. holmi (Lawrence, 1969) et O. jenseni (Lamoral, 1972) mais peut facilement être distinguée de ces deux espèces sur la base de plusieurs critères morphologiques. Ce nouveau taxon porte à 30 le nombre d’espèces connues du genre Opistophthalmus en Namibie et à 60 le nombre total d’espèces actuellement reconnues pour ce genre.

The chromatic and morphological variations in Macrodontia crenata (Olivier, 1795) are described. The number of specimens in the original description of Deltaspis auromarginata var. cyanipes Bates, 1885 is discussed, and additional comments on the species are provided. Two new species are described: Prionus (Prionus) hectori sp. nov., from Mexico; and Lasiolepturges dealmeidae sp. nov. from Panama., Les variations chromatiques et morphologiques de Macrodontia crenata (Olivier, 1795) sont décrites. Le nombre de spécimens dans la description originale de Deltaspis auromarginata var. cyanipes Bates, 1885 est discuté, et des commentaires supplémentaires sur l'espèce sont fournis. Deux nouvelles espèces sont décrites : Prionus (Prionus) hectori sp. nov., du Mexique et Lasiolepturges dealmeidae sp. nov. du Panama.

The study of new scorpion specimens from Cretaceous Burmite leads to the descriptions of a new species which once again can be associated to the buthoid lineage and to the family Buthidae. With this description the validity of the genus Cretaceousbuthus is confirmed. The new species shows quite distinct characters, particularly a telson with a conical-shaped sub-aculear tooth. The discovery of this new element confirms, once again, the existence of an important diversity within the Burmite fauna. The validity of one previously described species is also confirmed: Chaerilobuthus schwarzi Lourenço, 2015 (Family Chaerilobuthidae)., L’étude de nouveaux spécimens de scorpions de l’ambre du Crétacé inférieur du Myanmar conduit à la description d’une nouvelle espèce pouvant, une fois de plus, être associée à la lignée des Buthoidea ainsi qu’à la famille des Buthidae. La nouvelle espèce présente également des caractères très distincts, notamment un telson avec une épine sous-aiguillonaire de forme conique. La découverte de ce nouvel élément confirme une fois de plus, l’existence d’une importante diversité au sein de la faune trouvée dans l’ambre Crétacé du Myanmar. La validité d’une espèce préalablement décrite est également confirmée : Chaerilobuthus schwarzi Lourenço, 2015 (Famille Chaerilobuthidae).

Three new species are described from Ecuador: Strangalia tricolor sp. nov. (Lepturinae, Lepturini); Atimiola grisea sp. nov. and A. inflaticornis sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Desmiphorini). New country records are provided: Acutandra ubitiara (Santos-Silva & Martins, 2000) (Parandrinae, Parandrini) from Costa Rica; Phoebe albaria (Bates, 1872) (Lamiinae, Hemilophini) from Ecuador.

The new stick insect Nesiophasma sobesonbaii n. sp. from the island of Timor is described and illustrated from both sexes and eggs. It is the first species of the genus Nesiophasma Günther, 1934 to be recorded from Timor and the second species of Phasmatodea known from the island. Information on its habitat, host plants, biology and captive breeding are provided. Updated keys to the species of Nesiophasma are presented., Une nouvelle espèce de phasme Nesiophasma sobesonbaii n. sp. est décrite et illustrée de l’ile de Timor.

Aplagiognathus serratus Thomson, 1865 is revalidated and transferred to Nothopleurus Lacordaire, 1869. Nothopleurus lobigenis Bates, 1884 is synonymized with Nothopleurus serratus., L’espèce Aplagiognathus serratus Thomson, 1865 est revalidée et transférée dans le genre Nothopleurus Lacordaire, 1869. Nothopleurus lobigenis Bates, 1884 est synonyme de Nothopleurus serratus.

A new species of Calanthemis Thomson, 1864 from Principe Island is described and illustrated: C. filippii n. sp., Une nouvelle espèce du genre Calanthemis Thomson, 1864 est décrite de l’île de Principe: C. filippii n. sp.

A total of 24 new species belonging to the genera Girardelater Schimmel, 1999 (Elaterini) (3) (Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia), Procraerus Reitter, 1905 (Megapenthini) (14) (Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India) and Xanthopenthes Fleutiaux, 1928 (Megapenthini) (7)(Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand) are described from the Oriental Region. A key to the known species of Girardelater Schimmel is given. New geographic country records are given for 25 species of the genus Girardelater Schimmel (2), Procraerus Reitter, 1905 (9) and Xanthopenthes Fleutiaux, 1928 (14)., Un total de 24 nouvelles espèces appartenant aux genres Girardelater Schimmel, 1999 (Elaterini) (3) (Népal, Thaïlande, Vietnam, Cambodge), Procraerus Reitter, 1905 (Megapenthini) (14) (Philippines, Indonésie, Malaisie, Thaïlande, Inde ) et Xanthopenthes Fleutiaux, 1928 (Megapenthini) (7) (Indonésie, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodge, Thaïlande) sont décrites de la Région Orientale. Une clé du genre Girardelater Schimmel est donnée. De nouvelles citations sont données pour 25 espèces des genres Girardelater Schimmel (2), Procraerus Reitter, 1905 (9) et Xanthopenthes Fleutiaux, 1928 (14).

A new species Bothriurus andorinhas n. sp. is described from an area of transition between savanna-like formations and wet-forests in the south of the state of Pará in Brazil. The new species can be associated with other species of what can be defined as the Bothriurus rochai complex. The description of this new species attests once again about the existence of micro-endemic populations within different groups of Bothriurus. Comments are proposed on some ecological particularities of the micro-habitat of the new taxon and about the region where the new species was discovered in the state of Pará., Une nouvelle espèce, Bothriurus andorinhas n. sp. est décrite d’une zone de transition entre des formations de type savanicole et des forêts humides, situées dans le sud de l’état du Pará au Brésil. La nouvelle espèce peut être associée à d’autres espèces appartenant à un complexe qui peut être défini comme celui de Bothriurus rochai. La description de la nouvelle espèce apporte un nouveau soutien à l’existence de populations micro-endémiques au sein des différents groupes de Bothriurus. Des commentaires sont proposés sur certaines particularités écologiques du micro-habitat du nouveau taxon ainsi que sur la région où la nouvelle espèce a été trouvée au sud de l’état du Pará.

Piriana limai sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Colobotheini) is described from Brazil (Acre) and compared with P. tricuspis (Belon, 1903) and other similar species. Three new country records are provided for Brazil: Basiptera castaneipennis Thomson, 1864 (Cerambycinae, Basipterini); Hemilomecopterus alienus Martins & Galileo, 2004 (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); and Xenofrea durantoni Néouze & Tavakilian, 2005 (Lamiinae, Xenofreini). Five new Brazilian state records from Acre are provided: Dodecosis saperdina Bates, 1867 (Cerambycinae, Dodecosini); Ozineus elongatus Bates, 1863 (Lamiinae, Acanthocinini); Iarucanga mimica (Bates, 1866) (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); Isomerida albicollis (Laporte, 1840) (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); and Lycidola batesi Martins & Galileo, 1991 (Lamiinae, Hemilophini). The authorship of Lycidola batesi is corrected, and notes on this species and Lycidola simulatrix Bates, 1866 and Lycidola palliata (Klug, 1825) are provided. Additionally, chromatic variations in Hemilomecopterus alienus are reported., Piriana limai sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Colobotheini) est décrite du Brésil (Acre) et comparée à P. tricuspis (Belon, 1903) et à d'autres espèces similaires. Trois nouvelles mentions nationales sont fournies pour le Brésil : Basiptera castaneipennis Thomson, 1864 (Cerambycinae, Basipterini) ; Hemilomecopterus alienus Martins & Galileo, 2004 (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); et Xenofrea durantoni Néouze & Tavakilian, 2005 (Lamiinae, Xenofreini). Cinq nouveaux enregistrements de l’état brésiliens d'Acre sont fournis : Dodecosis saperdina Bates, 1867 (Cerambycinae, Dodecosini) ; Ozineus elongatus Bates, 1863 (Lamiinae, Acanthocinini); Iarucanga mimica (Bates, 1866) (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); Isomerida albicollis (Laporte, 1840) (Lamiinae, Hemilophini); et Lycidola batesi Martins & Galileo, 1991 (Lamiinae, Hemilophini). La paternité de Lycidola batesi est corrigée et des notes sur cette espèce et Lycidola simulatrix Bates, 1866 et Lycidola palliata (Klug, 1825) sont fournies. De plus, des variations chromatiques chez Hemilomecopterus alienus sont signalées.

The new species Theramenes letiranti n. sp. from Mindanao is the smallest member of the genus Theramenes Stål, 1875 and is described from the female and male. An updated key is presented for the five known species of Theramenes along with general remarks on the genus., La nouvelle espèce Theramenes letiranti n. sp. de Mindanao est le plus petit membre du genre Theramenes Stål, 1875. Elle est décrite à partir de la femelle et du mâle. Une clé mise à jour est présentée pour les cinq espèces connues de Theramenes ainsi que des remarques générales sur le genre.

A new species of Rismethus Fleutiaux, 1947 from West Africa (Republic of Benin) is described. It is allied to R. riesei Platia, Biondi & Sechi, 2020 known from Gabon for the third antennal article only a little shorter than the second but can be separated for the smaller and stouter body because of elytra shorter compared to pronotum and differences in the male genitalia., Une nouvelle espèce du genre Rismethus Fleutiaux, 1947 est décrite de la République du Bénin. Elle est apparentée à R. riesei Platia, Biondi & Sechi, 2020 connue du Gabon avec le troisième article antennaire seulement un petit peu plus court que le second mais peut être séparée par le corps plus petit et plus robuste en raison des élytres plus courts que le pronotum et des différences dans les genitalia mâle.

The species Anthrenus (Anthrenops) stolidus sp. nov. from India is described, illustrated and compared with similar species., Anthrenus (Anthrenops) stolidus sp. nov. est décrite d’Inde, illustrée et comparée avec les espèces les plus proches.

A new species of Acanthocinini, Pseudastylopsis santossilvai sp. nov., from Costa Rica and Panama, is described and illustrated. New geographical records for Costa Rica are provided and the species are illustrated: Plistonax pictus (Galileo & Martins, 2012) (Acanthoderini); Anisotyma soteri Napp & Monné, 2009 (Dryobiini); Placoeme vitticollis Chemsak & Linsley, 1964 (Oemini). New geographical records for Panama are provided and the species are illustrated: Atrypanius cinerascens (Bates, 1864) (Acanthocinini) and Ambonus electus (Gahan, 1904) and Anelaphus souzai (Zajciw, 1964) (Elaphidiini). The species-group name of Pseudastylopsis albus Pérez-Flores & Santos-Silva, 2021 is corrected., Une nouvelle espèce d'Acanthocinini, Pseudastylopsis santossilvai sp. nov., est décrite et illustrée du Costa Rica et du Panama. De nouvelles mentions géographiques pour le Costa Rica sont fournies et les espèces sont illustrées : Plistonax pictus (Galileo & Martins, 2012) (Acanthoderini) ; Anisotyma soteri Napp & Monné, 2009 (Dryobiini); Placoeme vitticollis Chemsak & Linsley, 1964 (Oemini). De nouvelles mentions géographiques pour le Panama sont fournies et les espèces sont illustrées : Atrypanius cinerascens (Bates, 1864) (Acanthocinini), Ambonus electus (Gahan, 1904) et Anelaphus souzai (Zajciw, 1964) (Elaphidiini). Le nom du groupe d'espèces de Pseudastylopsis albus Pérez-Flores & Santos-Silva, 2021 est corrigé.

The difference between Elaphidion tuberculicolle Fisher, 1932 and E. scaramuzzai Fisher, 1951 is reported, and the differences pointed out in the original description of the latter are commented on. The key to species of Elaphidiini from Cuba by Devesa et. al. (2015) is partially modified., Les différences entre Elaphidion tuberculicolle Fisher, 1932 et E. scaramuzzai Fisher, 1951 sont rapportées, et les différences signalées dans la description originale de ce dernier sont commentées. La clé de détermination des espèces des Elaphidiini de Cuba par Devesa et al. (2015) est partiellement modifiée.

The genus Cloesia Hampson, 1900 which contained, up to now, three different species is reviewed. Besides the historical species which are redescribed, two more species wrongly classified are transferred to the genus: Dipaenae zygaenoides Toulgoët, 1983 and Lithoprocris methyalea Hampson, 1900. Then three new species from Latin America are added: Cloesia aereus Laguerre sp. n. from S.E. Brazil, Cloesia andensis Laguerre sp. n. from Peru and Bolivia and Cloesia imitator Laguerre sp. n. from French Guiana. Finally, two more species are described from Central America: Cloesia mariamartachavarriae Espinoza sp. n. and Cloesia luzmariaromeroae Espinoza sp. n. both from Costa Rica. All species, their male genitalia and the majority of female genitalia are illustrated. A distance tree of COI gene sequences is presented and discussed., Le genre Cloesia Hampson, 1900 qui contenait jusqu'à présent trois espèces différentes est révisé. A côté des espèces historiques qui sont redécrites, deux autres espèces mal classifiées sont transférées dans le genre: Dipaenae zygaenoides Toulgoët, 1983 et Lithoprocris methyalea Hampson, 1900. Puis trois nouvelles espèces d'Amérique Latine sont ajoutées : Cloesia aereus Laguerre sp. n. du S.E. Brésil, Cloesia andensis Laguerre sp. n. du Pérou et de Bolivie et Cloesia imitator Laguerre sp. n. de Guyane Française. Finalement, deux autres espèces nouvelles sont décrites d'Amérique Centrale : Cloesia mariamartachavarriae Espinoza sp. n. et Cloesia luzmariaromeroae Espinoza sp. n. toutes les deux du Costa Rica. Toutes les espèces, leur genitalia mâles et la majorité des genitalia femelles sont illustrés. Un arbre des distances du gène COI est présenté et discuté.

Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of ecosystems, and ecologists have identified it as a factor promoting the stability of population dynamics. In particular, differences in interaction strengths and resource supply between patches generates an asymmetry of biomass turnover with a fast and a slow patch. The coupling of these two energy channels by mobile predators has been identified to increase stability at different scales by promoting the asynchrony of population dynamics between each patch. Here, we demonstrate that asymmetry has a contrasting effect on the stability of metacommunities receiving localised perturbations. We built a model of an asymmetric metacommunity with two patches linked by the dispersal of predators and in which prey receive stochastic perturbations only in one patch. Perturbing prey in the fast patch synchronises the dynamics of prey biomass between the two patches and destabilises predator dynamics by increasing their temporal variability. Conversely, perturbing prey in the slow patch decreases the synchrony of their dynamics and stabilises predator dynamics. This discrepancy between the responses is due to the asymmetric transmission of perturbations caused by the different distributions of biomass between the fast and the slow patch. Consequently, the fast patch drives the dynamics of the metacommunity and imposes synchrony while the slow patch does not. Therefore, local perturbations can have opposite consequences at the regional scale depending on the characteristics of the perturbed patch. Our results have strong implications for conservation ecology and suggest reinforcing protection policies in fast patches to dampen the effects of perturbations and promote the stability of population dynamics at the regional scale.

The new species Cryptorhopalum pirkli Háva & Hodeček, sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with similar species. Key of Cryptorhopalum species recorded from Dominican Republic is added., Cryptorhopalum pirkli Háva & Hodeček, n. sp. est décrite, illustrée et comparée aux espèces les plus proches. Une clé de détermination des espèces dominicaines est proposée.

The genus Hystatoderes Lameere, 1917 is reviewed and the species present in Vietnam are treated. The genus remained monotypic for a long time with H. weissi (Lameere, 1915) as the only species. However, further studies of recent material have differentiated three species within the genus, which are described and illustrated here. An identification key for male and female is provided. Hystatoderes vitalisi Lameere, 1917 is relieved from synonymy with H. weissi and considered a good species. The genus Laokaya Pic, 1928 is proposed as a junior synonym of Hystatoderes and its only species Laokaya vitalisi Pic, 1928 as a junior synonym of H. vitalisi. Hystatoderes antonkozlovi sp. nov. from Central Vietnam is described. The male of H. weissi is described for the first time. An updated list of species composing the genus Hystatoderes is given., Le genre Hystatoderes Lameere, 1917 est revu et les espèces présentes au Vietnam sont traitées. Le genre est resté longtemps monotypique avec comme seule espèce H. weissi (Lameere, 1915). De nouvelles études sur du matériel récent ont permis de différencier trois espèces dans le genre, qui sont décrites et illustrées ici. Une clé d’identification pour les mâles et femelles est fournie. Hystatoderes vitalisi Lameere, 1917 est relevé de la synonymie avec H. weissi et considéré comme une bonne espèce. Le genre Laokaya Pic, 1928 est proposé comme synonyme junior de Hystatoderes et son unique espèce Laokaya vitalisi Pic, 1928 comme synonyme junior d’Hystatoderes vitalisi. Une espèce nouvelle, H. antonkozlovi sp. nov., est décrite du centre du Vietnam. Le mâle de H. weissi est décrit pour la première fois. Une liste actualisée des espèces composant le genre Hystatoderes est donnée.

Sphallopataroides gen. nov, Sphallopataroides pirreanus sp. nov., and Pseudosparna iolandae sp. nov. are described from Panama. New country records from Panama are provided: Leptostylus armatus Monné & Hoffmann, Sphallopataroides gen. nov., Sphallopataroides pirreanus sp. nov., et Pseudosparna iolandae sp. nov. sont descrits du Panama. De nouvelles mentions nationales du Panama sont fournies: Leptostylus armatus Monné & Hoffmann, 1981; Atrypanius cinerascens (Bates, 1864); et Colobothea chemsaki Giesbert, 1979.

Three new species from Sao Tome and Principe are described, illustrated and compared with known species: Litargus (Litargus) cauquili sp. nov., Litargus (Litargus) bacchiolellii sp. nov. and Litargus (Litargus) ingleberti sp. nov. The species Litargus (Litargus) unicolor Grouvelle, 1914 is newly recorded from Sao Tome., Trois nouvelles espèces de Sao Tomé et Principe sont décrites, illustrées et comparées aux espèces connues les plus proches : Litargus (Litargus) cauquili sp. nov., Litargus (Litargus) bacchiolellii sp. nov. et Litargus (Litargus) ingleberti sp. nov. L'espèce Litargus (Litargus) unicolor Grouvelle, 1914 est nouvellement signalée de Sao Tomé.

The following species are newly recorded: Anthrenus (Anthrenops) eichleri Kadej & Háva, 2006 (Azerbaijan); Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881 (Nepal); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) indicus Kadej, Háva & Kalík, 2007 (Pakistan); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) oceanicus Fauvel, 1903 (Singapore); Aethriostoma undulata Motschulsky, 1858 (Singapore); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pfefferi Kalík, 1954 (Croatia); Apsectus dichromus Beal, 1959 (Peru); Attagenus quadritinctus Reitter, 1889 (Azerbaijan); Dermestes (Dermestes) cernyi Háva, 2009 (Kyrgyzstan); Dermestes (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kalík, 1951 (Serbia); Orphilus africanus Háva, 2005 (Tunisia); Orphinus (Orphinus) rihai Háva, 2015 (Myanmar); Orphinus (Curtophinus) thailandicus Háva, 2012 (Myanmar); Phradonoma nobile (Reitter, 1881) (Mexico: Baja California); Thaumaglossa tonkinea Pic, 1916 (Laos); Trinodes schawalleri Háva, 2019 (South Africa: Transvaal); Trogoderma sternale sternale Jayne, 1882 (U.S.A.: Maine)., Les espèces suivantes sont nouvellement enregistrées : Anthrenus (Anthrenops) eichleri Kadej & Háva, 2006 (Azerbaïdjan) ; Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881 (Népal) ; Anthrenus (Anthrenus) indicus Kadej, Háva & Kalík, 2007 (Pakistan) ; Anthrenus (Anthrenus) oceanicus Fauvel, 1903 (Singapour) ; Aethriostoma undulata Motschulsky, 1858 (Singapour) ; Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pfefferi Kalík, 1954 (Croatie) ; Apsectus dichromus Beal, 1959 (Pérou) ; Attagenus quadritinctus Reitter, 1889 (Azerbaïdjan) ; Dermestes (Dermestes) cernyi Háva, 2009 (Kirghizistan) ; Dermestes (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kalík, 1951 (Serbie) ; Orphilus africanus Háva, 2005 (Tunisie) ; Orphinus (Orphinus) rihai Háva, 2015 (Myanmar) ; Orphinus (Curtophinus) thailandicus Háva, 2012 (Myanmar) ; Phradonoma nobile (Reitter, 1881) (Mexique : Baja California) ; Thaumaglossa tonkinea Pic, 1916 (Laos) ; Trinodes schawalleri Háva, 2019 (Afrique du Sud : Transvaal) ; Trogoderma sternale sternale Jayne, 1882 (États-Unis : Maine).

Although parasite infection and pollution are common threats facing wild populations, the response of the gut microbiota to the joint impact of these stressors remains largely understudied. Here, we experimentally investigated the effects of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and infection by a common acanthocephalan intestinal parasite (Pomphorhynchus sp.) on the gut microbial flora of a freshwater fish, the European chub (Squalius cephalus). Naturally infected or uninfected individuals were exposed to PAHs at environmentally realistic concentrations over a five-week period. Characterization of the gut bacterial community through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that parasitic infection was a more structuring factor of bacterial diversity and composition than PAH exposure. Specifically, chub infected by Pomphorhynchus sp. harbored significantly less evenly represented gut bacterial communities than the uninfected ones. In addition, substantial changes in sequence abundance were observed within the main bacterial phyla, including the Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria. Again, these compositional changes correlated with host infection with Pomphorhynchus sp., confirming its pivotal role in gut microbial assemblage. Overall, these results highlight the importance of defining the parasitic status of individuals when conducting microbial ecotoxicological analyses at the digestive tract level, as this should lead to better understanding of microbiota modulations and help to identify microbial markers specifically associated with chemicals.

The role of earthworms on biogeochemical carbon cycling is a major knowledge gap resulting from the difficulty of isolating and exploring the effects provided by the diversity of organisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of six earthworm species belonging to three ecological categories on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralisation. To this end, we produced casts with the six species using subsoil material with low SOC content and miscanthus litter. Cast were subjected to laboratory ageing for 140 days. During this process, we monitored physicochemical parameters, CO2 emissions and determined the micro-scale organisation of the casts’ particulate organic matter and pores using X-ray tomography.Our results showed contrasting properties of fresh casts from the 3 main ecological categories, in accordance with the earthworm species’ morphological or behavioral strategies, indicating that those were maintained in artificial environments. However, species-specific changes in cast properties throughout ageing increased intragroup variability among ecological categories. As a result we observed earthworm species-specific evolution of CO2 mineralisation rates during casts ageing. We found that at least half of the variability in CO2 emissions was explained by cast microstructural changes, related to the spatial arrangement between particulate organic matter, porosity, and mineral particles. We conclude that earthworm species-specific traits may play a role in organic carbon protection through their impact on microstructural cast properties.

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Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are the first enzymes that commit phosphatidylinositol into the phosphoinositide pathway. Phosphoinositides (PPI), minor components of plasma membrane, are the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PI), such as phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). In the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, twelve putative PI4K isoforms have been identified. Eight belong to type-II (AtPI4Kγ1-8), and four belong to type-III (AtPI4Kα1 and α2 and AtPI4Kβ1 and β2).To study the role of PI4Ks, I have worked with a double mutant defective plant in both the PI4Kβ genes. I show that the Arabidopsis thaliana pi4kβ1β2 double mutant exhibits several root phenotypes: impaired root growth, a lower sensitivity of roots to exogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), impaired gravistimulation, and misshapen root hair growth. These changes appeared to coincide with a less stable actin cytoskeleton and an alteration in intracellular trafficking dynamics in pi4kβ1β2 roots. The content of bioactive auxin in the pi4kβ1β2 roots was similar to that in wild-type ones. Yet, an enhanced auxin-conjugating activity was detected and the auxin level reporter DII-VENUS did not respond to exogenous auxin in pi4kβ1β2 mutant. These data, therefore, link altered PI4K activity to the modification of vesicular trafficking and actin filaments organization one the one hand to altered auxin response likely due to alteration in auxin homeostasis one the other hand.The second part of my thesis was related to the Blumeria graminis (Bgh) interaction with pi4kβ1β2 double mutant. It is known that Arabidopsis has non-host resistance to Bgh. It means that plants build a special resistance structure - papillae - that acts as a barrier between fungi and plant cells. The pi4kβ1β2 double mutant showed an enhanced successful penetration of Bgh 24 hpi. The sid2 mutation affects the ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 gene necessary for the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA). A similar defect in penetration resistance was seen in sid2/pi4kβ1β2, indicating the SA-independent character of this phenomenon. Deficiency of PI4Kbetas led to decreased accumulation of PI4P level in papillae. During pathogen attack, plenty of phospholipids and proteins were shown to accumulate in papillae. My hypothesis was that PI4Ks are essential for plant successful defense against Bgh, and more specifically for the formation of a successful papilla.The third part of my thesis concerns the mechanism leading to a constitutively active immunity in pi4kβ1β2 double mutant. In 4-week-old pi4kβ1β2 plants, an accumulation SA occurs. This SA accumulation was shown to be responsible for the dwarf stature of 4-week-old pi4kβ1β2 plants. The question is therefore to understand why the immunity system is constitutively switched on. The immunity system could be activated through cell-membrane or nuclear localized receptors. To study the role of type β PI4Ks in the regulation of defense mechanisms, I first crossed the pi4kβ1β2 double mutant with several mutants affected in different receptors or regulators of immunity. The use of different types of receptors or regulators of immunity will cover a wide range of pathways associated with the both - cell-surface and intracellular immunity. As a control, I used the sid2/pi4kβ1β2 triple mutant that does not accumulate SA, in contrast to pi4kβ1β2 plants. For phenotype describing rosette size was measured. After that typical immunity features were tested: resistance level to hemibiotroph Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, PR1 expression and callose accumulation level. If any of these receptors/regulators is upstream to SA accumulation, I hoped to obtain a reverted plant phenotype with wild-type features. The dwarf pi4kβ1β2 phenotype was preserved for all mutants except one - wrky70/pi4kβ1β2, which indicates a possible role of WRKY70 factor in the constitutive SA accumulation., Les phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4K) sont les premières enzymes qui engagent le phosphatidylinositol dans la voie des phosphoinositides. Dans le génome d'Arabidopsis thaliana, douze isoformes putatives de PI4K ont été identifiées. Huit appartiennent au type II (AtPI4Kγ1-8) et quatre appartiennent au type III (AtPI4Kα1 et α2 et AtPI4Kβ1 et β2).Pour étudier le rôle des PI4K, j'ai travaillé avec une plante double mutante défectueuse dans les deux gènes PI4Kβ. J’ai montré que le double mutant d'Arabidopsis thaliana pi4kβ1β2 présente plusieurs phénotypes racinaires: une croissance racinaire altérée, une moindre sensibilité des racines à l'IAA exogène (acide indole-3-acétique), une gravistimulation altérée et une croissance des poils. Ces changements semblaient coïncider avec un cytosquelette d'actine moins stable et une altération de la dynamique du trafic intracellulaire dans les racines pi4kβ1β2. La teneur en auxine bioactive dans les racines pi4kβ1β2 était similaire à celle des racines de type sauvage. Ces données relient donc l'activité PI4K altérée à la modification du trafic vésiculaire et de l'organisation des filaments d'actine d'une part, et à la réponse altérée de l'auxine probablement due à l'altération de l'homéostasie de l'auxine d'autre part.La deuxième partie de ma thèse portait sur l'interaction de Blumeria graminis (Bgh) avec le double mutant pi4kβ1β2. On sait qu'Arabidopsis a une résistance non hôte à Bgh. Papilles - qui agit comme une barrière entre les champignons et les cellules végétales. Le double mutant pi4kβ1β2 a montré une meilleure pénétration de Bgh 24 hpi, donc une moindre résistance de la plante. La mutation sid2 touche le gène ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1nécessaire à la synthèse d’acide salicylique (SA). Un défaut similaire de résistance à la pénétration a été observé dans sid2/pi4kβ1β2, indiquant le caractère indépendant de SA de ce phénomène. La carence en PI4Kbetas a entraîné une diminution de l'accumulation du niveau de PI4P dans les papilles. Au cours de l'attaque pathogène, il a été démontré que de nombreux phospholipides et protéines s'accumulent dans les papilles. Mon hypothèse était que les PI4K sont essentielles pour une défense réussie des plantes contre la Bgh, et plus spécifiquement pour la formation d'une papille efficace.La troisième partie de ma thèse concerne le mécanisme conduisant à une immunité constitutivement active chez le double mutant pi4kβ1β2. Chez les plantes pi4kβ1β2 âgées de 4 semaines, une accumulation de SA. Cette accumulation de SA s'est avérée responsable de la stature naine des plantes pi4kβ1β2 âgées de 4 semaines. La question est donc de comprendre pourquoi le système immunitaire est constitutivement enclenché. Le système immunitaire pourrait être activé par l'intermédiaire de récepteurs localisés dans la membrane cellulaire ou solubles. Pour étudier le rôle des PI4K de type β dans la régulation des mécanismes de défense, j'ai d'abord croisé le double mutant pi4kβ1β2 avec plusieurs mutants affectés dans différents récepteurs ou régulateurs de l'immunité. Comme témoin, j'ai utilisé le triple mutant sid2/pi4kβ1β2 qui n'accumule pas de SA, contrairement aux plantes pi4kβ1β2. Pour le phénotype décrivant la taille de la rosette a été mesurée. Après cela, les caractéristiques typiques de l'immunité ont été testées : niveau de résistance à l'hémibiotrophe Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, expression de PR1 et niveau d'accumulation de callose. Si l'un de ces récepteurs/régulateurs est en amont de l'accumulation de SA, j'espérais obtenir un phénotype végétal inversé avec des caractéristiques de type sauvage. Le phénotype nain pi4kβ1β2 a été préservé pour tous les mutants sauf un - wrky70/pi4kβ1β2_ ce qui indique un rôle possible du facteur de transcription WRKY70 dans l'accumulation constitutive de SA.

The complexity of food webs and how it depends on environmental variables is a long-standing question in ecology. Food-chain length depends on many factors, such as productive space, disturbance and spatial processes. It is not clear though how food-chain length should vary with adaptive evolutionary changes of the constitutive species. Assuming that each trophic level is subject to a competition-colonization trade-off, we model the adaptive evolution of their colonization rates and its consequences on equilibrium occupancies and food-chain length. When colonization rates are allowed to evolve, longer food chains can persist. Extinction, perturbation and habitat loss all affect the evolutionary-stable colonization rates, but trade-off strength (costs of dispersal) has a major role: weaker trade-offs yield longer chains. Our results suggest a strong link between within-trophic level competition, spatial occupancies and food-chain length. Although these eco-evo dynamics partly alleviate the constraint on food-chain length in metacommunities, we show it is no magic bullet: the highest, most vulnerable, trophic levels are also those that least benefit from evolution. Our model generates qualitative predictions regarding how trait evolution affects the response of communities to disturbance and habitat loss. This highlights the importance of eco-evolutionary dynamics at metacommunity level in determining food-chain length.

Thermo-hydroregulation strategies involve concurrent changes in functional traits related to energy, water balance and thermoregulation and play a key role in determining life-history traits and population demography of terrestrial ectotherms. Local thermal and hydric conditions should be important drivers of the geographical variation of thermo-hydroregulation strategies, but we lack studies that examine these changes across climatic gradients in different habitat types. Here, we investigated intraspecific variation of morphology and thermo-hydroregulation traits in the widespread European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara louislantzi) across a multidimensional environmental gradient involving independent variation in air temperature and rainfall and differences in habitat features (access to free-standing water and forest cover). We sampled adult males for morphology, resting metabolic rate, total and cutaneous evaporative water loss and thermal preferences in 15 populations from the rear to the leading edge of the distribution across an elevational gradient ranging from sea level to 1750 m. Besides a decrease in adult body size with increasing environmental temperatures, we found little effect of thermal conditions on thermo-hydroregulation strategies. In particular, relict lowland populations from the warm rear edge showed no specific ecophysiological adaptations. Instead, body mass, body condition and resting metabolic rate were positively associated with a rainfall gradient, while forest cover and water access in the habitat throughout the season also influenced cutaneous evaporative water loss. Our study emphasizes the importance of rainfall and habitat features rather than thermal conditions for geographical variation in lizard morphology and physiology.

International audience; Within the framework of a Franco-Lebanese mission in the area of Tyre (Lebanon), we were able to improve our knowledge of the relative sea level variations on its maritime facade. Two fish tanks were discovered near the southern and northern capes of the ancient rocky island of Tyre. Both fish tanks were cut into a Pleistocene sandstone bedrock. Small water inflow and outflow channels, also cut into the sandstone bedrock, help to better understand and constrain the variations in relative sea level during ancient times in this area. The first results show that these Roman fish tanks were affected by a relative sea-level rise of ca. 0.50 m. This 0.50 m rise is usually observed around the Circum-Mediterranean since the Roman period. In other words, no tectonic movement appears to have affected this area since Roman times.

International audience; The biology and ecology of benthic fauna from extreme environments, such as the hadal zone (> 6,000 m depth), is scarce due to the difficulties of access, exploration, and work logistics. The few exploration cruises of bottom settings have shown that benthic foraminifera, and meiofauna in general, display high abundances in the sediments, indicating that these organisms present unique adaptations and interactions to extreme conditions (e. g. high hydrostatic pressure, limitation of calcite and organic matter, etc.). As such, new species to science have also been reported. The Peru-Chile trench represents the deepest ecosystem in the South Pacific. It has been explored only on three occasions describing it as a eutrophic environment with high biomass of meiofauna. For foraminifera, only species reports have been published, being the ecology neglected. In this study, we aimed to determine the community structure (abundance, diversity, spatial and vertical distribution) of the foraminifera collected from 6 stations in the Atacama trench in the SONNE Cruise during 2018. We compared the taxa features to granulometry and proxies of food, organic matter source, and oxygenation. Dissolved oxygen at all trench stations penetrated 3-5 cm into the sediments and TOC was 0.5-1.3 %. The grain size was mainly silt-rich. The presence of 120 morphospecies, many of them soft-walled, is reported. The community was dominated by large specimens (>500 µm), and small specimens (63-150 µm) were rare. The bulk of the community concentrated in the first centimeter of sediment despite all the trench stations were fully oxygenated. However, different assemblages were found in the 6 analyzed stations. We argue if these community differences are generated by the gradient of organic matter nature or the presence/abundance of meiofaunal/macrofaunal predators. Our results contribute to the knowledge of ecology and diversity of foraminifera from the Atacama Trench and give insight to the role of this group in the benthic food webs in hadal settings.

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International audience

International audience; An emerging research axis of the STEEP team (steep.inria.fr) of Inria (Grenoble, France) intends to contribute to the design, evaluation and debate of socio-technical alternatives for the future (e.g., horizon 2050). “Expert” quantitative modeling makes it possible to guarantee the biophysical coherence of narratives (regarding flows of materials, energy and human work) and to tackle complex issues (e.g. trade-offs between social and environmental criteria, trade-offs between geographical scales…) (Giampietro et al, 2021 ; Courtonne, 2016). In order for these alternatives to emerge in a democratic manner, the team is currently involved in both “expert modeling” and “participatory modeling” (where groups of citizens identify what they wish to model and create and evaluate their own alternatives). This communication will focus on the latest developments on the “expert” side.We define a socio-technical alternative as a consistent arrangement of modes of production and modes of consumption. This includes biophysical and socio-political dimensions, but for the time being the emphasis is laid on the circulation of material, energy and human work between sectors and down to final consumption.

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International audience

International audience; Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the most oncogenic virus known to humans, are often associated with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infections. The involvement of the latter in cervical cancer is controversial but its longterm infections might modulate the mucosal microenvironment in a way that favors carcinogenesis. We know little about coinfections between HSV-2 and HPVs, and studying the immunological and microbiological dynamics in the early stages of these infections may help identify or rule out potential interactions. We report two cases of concomitant productive, although asymptomatic, HSV-2 and HPV infections in young women (aged 20 and 25). The women were followed up for approximately a year, with clinical visits every two months and weekly self-samples. We performed quantitative analyses of their HSV-2 and HPV viral loads, immunological responses (IgG and IgM antibodies and local cytokines expression profiles), vaginal microbiota composition, as well as demographic and behavior data. We detect interactions between virus loads, immune response, and the vaginal microbiota, which improve our understanding of HSV-2 and HPVs' coinfections and calls for further investigation with larger cohorts.

International audience

International audience; Designing agroforestry systems is a complex task due to the numerous elements and their multiple interactions. Co-design workshops are useful to overcome these difficulties by gathering people from different disciplines. But these workshops use tools that do not provide a standardised representation of agroforestry systems nor the provision of ecosystem services. Our objective is thus to develop a conceptual information framework based on graphs that allows modeling the agroforestry system and its ecosystem functions. In the first step, we infer a topological graph from the position of the physical objects representing system components: trees, crops, tree lines, and their spatial relationships (e.g. adjacency, inclusion...). We represent then the relationship between ecosystem structure and functioning as a graph. Applying graph technics such as subgraph research, we can estimate whether a specific system (graph) can support a specific ecosystem function (subgraph). This results in a new graph-based model to describe both the spatial and functional relationships between elements of agroforestry systems. Figure 1 illustrates the different steps to apply this model to a simple agroforestry system: 1. Create a system mock-up with physical objects 2. Acquire the scene by a camera and identify physical objects 3. Automatically extract the topological graph 4. Perform subgraphs research to identify functions 5. Visualize the scene with both realistic trees and schematic representations of ecosystem functions In the future, this work will be combined with augmented reality to visualize the agroforestry system and the production of ecosystem services directly on the physical mock-up. Thus, our work will improve the efficiency of co-design workshop by (i) formalizing the knowledge on the relationship between structure and function in agroforestry systems and, by (ii) sharing this information with non-specialists in a visual way, while allowing intuitive interaction through the physical mock-up. Thus, the designed system answers farmer's needs better.

International audience

International audience