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This paper explores the influence of spatial mobility on the risk of overeducation of French young workers. Mobilizing a survey following a cohort of young graduates entering the labour market from 2010 until 2013, our results reveal that interregional migration decreases the risk of (statistical and subjective) overeducation. We also evidence that migration to an economic centre (the Paris region) has an even stronger negative effect and that more educated workers benefit more from spatial mobility. These results are robust to controlling for self‐selection and the endogeneity of migration, as well as to various specifications of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion that the famous French anatomist and surgeon, Jean-Joseph Sue, was the first to study quantitatively the proportions of the human body is generally accepted. This paper quotes details from Sue's treatise read in 1750 before the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconstruction of the History of the Resistance in France, the memories of former combatants and their relatives, and an important culture industry have all been developed within a national context, thereby hiding the transnational character of this resistance over the years. This paper shows first how the French State came to "Frenchify" this Resistance and, decades later, civil society and that culture industry tried to "Spanishise" the Liberation of Paris through the construction of the legend of "la Nueve". With this in mind, the current paper focuses mainly on a historical and memorial analysis of the French infantry company la Nueve, through the recollections and experiences of numerous transnational soldiers, in order to stress the "a la carte" reconstruction of its history, and highlighting the particular role played by the French-Spanish collective memory over the last twenty years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of health measures of varying degrees and scales. The lockdowns that took place in 2020, especially, have had a major impact on cities, transforming urban lifestyles, economic activities and mobility. Logistics became a priority activity. Faced with changed levels and types of consumption, freight and logistics operators in cities had to adapt, while logistics real estate developers had to face challenges related to building sites closed and regulatory and licensing processes delayed. Our main research in this paper is to characterize the way the urban freight and logistics system coped with the new situation. We focused on French cities, with Paris and the Paris metropolitan area as the main case. We implemented three surveys during and after the first lockdown in France (March–May 2020), with the views of identifying challenges while characterizing stakeholders' response to the challenges. The three surveys took different and complementary forms, covering various categories of stakeholders: freight carriers (from small to large); third party logistics providers; on-demand delivery platforms; policy-makers; and logistics real-estate developers. We found out that operators adapted quickly and overall successfully, one major difference being between delivery operators and property developers. The first group experienced higher levels of financial and economic challenges; the second group experienced difficult relationships with administrations and regulations, while enjoying a rather high level of activity. The ability of local governments to deal with urban logistics challenges during the lockdowns was diverse and took several unexpected forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigate the environmental benefits of ridesharing and rebound effects. • We use an integrated transport land-use model calibrated to the Paris region. • By reducing the cost of car and congestion, ridesharing yields rebound effects.... • ...that mitigate by about 2/3 initial decreases in CO 2 emissions, mostly due to modal shift. • Road pricing and reducing road capacity can efficiently reduce the rebound effect. This paper investigates how and to what extent changes in user behavior may mitigate the environmental benefits of urban ridesharing, a phenomenon commonly referred to as "rebound effect". Ridesharing reduces both the individual cost of car travel (through cost splitting) and road travel times (by decreasing congestion). This may trigger a number of behavioral changes among transportation users, including: making less detours to avoid congestion (route choice effect), switching from public transit and active modes to the car (modal shift effect), travelling longer distances (distance effect), and relocating further from the urban center (relocation effect). Taking Paris region as a case study, this research applies an integrated transportation/land-use model to evaluate several ridesharing scenarios and quantify the four rebound effects. The overall rebound effect is found to be substantial, cancelling out from 68 to 77% of CO 2 emission reductions and from 52 to 73% of aggregated social benefits (including congestion, air quality, CO 2 emissions, noise) expected from ridesharing. This is primarily the result of the modal shift effect, supplemented as ridesharing develops by the distance effect. Although the simplified representation of ridesharing in the baseline model calls for caution regarding these estimates, a sensitivity analysis corroborates the main findings and the prevalence of substantial rebound effects. The paper also investigates to what extent three complementary policies - improving public transit, reducing road capacity or increasing the cost of car travel – might limit the overall rebound effect and thereby maximize the benefits of urban ridesharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine European citizen engagement for enhancing emergency management and, more specifically, in the context of the terrorist attacks which occurred in Paris, France on November 15, 2015. To do so, two main research questions are raised. First, are there differences in the levels of citizen engagement between the country affected, France, and other European countries? Second, what factors foster a high level of citizen engagement in France?Design/methodology/approach First, a comparative content analysis of the Facebook pages of local governments in France and other capital cities of the European Union (EU) was carried. Second, a multivariate regression analysis was performed.Findings Although the level of online citizen engagement was greater in France than in the other EU cities analyzed, similarities were detected in the messages sent, responses and moment of participation. Moreover, there are certain types of online social behavior that encourage interactive conversations among citizens as well as between citizens and their local governments.Practical implications This research enables local governments to understand the similarities and differences between citizens and local governments from the affected country and those from outside it when using social media to engage in emergency management. It also provides further insight for managers of local governments in the country affected with regards to the need to be aware of the influence of online collective behavior that emerges from the information they publish. As a result, the attainment of a high level of citizens' participation in their social media can differ.Originality/value This paper advances in the scarce knowledge of high levels of online engagement (conversational interactions) in emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health effects from long- and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) have resulted in an annual average PM 2.5 standard across Europe and World Health Organisation guidelines for annual (10 μg m−3) and 24 h PM 2.5 concentrations (25 μg m−3). Developing strategies to reduce both annual and 24 h average PM 2.5 requires that the conditions that produce the magnitude of these metrics are understood. This paper presents a standard and replicable set of statistics that link the magnitude of annual and daily PM 2.5 metrics to variation in i) hourly PM 2.5 concentrations, ii) geographic regions traversed by air mass back trajectories, and iii) the 'urban increment' and 'regional contribution' to urban PM 2.5 concentrations. These statistics are calculated between 2009 and 2018 at monitoring sites across Paris and the Île-de-France region, France, where there is a national objective to achieve the WHO annual PM 2.5 guideline, and where short-term PM 2.5 episodes still occur. The aim is to investigate changes in the conditions producing annual average, and 24 h PM 2.5 concentrations exceeding 25 μg m−3, and how these long- and short-term metrics could be reduced further. The statistics indicate that reductions between 2009 and 2018 in both annual PM 2.5 concentrations (PM 2.5AA , −0.79 μg m−3 y−1 averaged across 3 urban background sites (33% average 2009–2018 reduction)) and the number of days with 24 h PM 2.5 concentrations above 25 μg m−3 (D24h25, -6 days y−1 (62% average 2009–2018 reduction)), were driven by reductions in local emissions in Paris and the Île-de-France region. For example, reduction in PM 2.5AA and D24h25 were greater at urban traffic sites, and between 2009 and 2018 the highest hourly PM 2.5 concentrations occurred less frequently during rush hour periods, while the lowest hourly PM 2.5 concentrations occurred more frequently during the day. In addition, when relatively moderate and high hourly PM 2.5 concentrations were measured, air mass back trajectories spent more time (during the 4 preceding days) over European geographic regions, compared to the ocean indicating an increased relative contribution from regional transport to these hourly PM 2.5 concentrations. Consequently, there is now a greater difference in the contribution of different hourly PM 2.5 concentrations to annual and 24 h PM 2.5 compared with 2009, with relatively high hourly PM 2.5 concentrations having a larger contribution to D24h25, and moderate hourly PM 2.5 concentrations having a larger contribution to PM 2.5AA. Strategies to reduce PM 2.5 concentrations in Paris should consider how mitigation measures will affect different ranges of hourly PM 2.5 concentrations to understand the (potentially differing) effect on long- and short-term PM 2.5 impact metrics. Comparison of hourly PM 2.5 concentrations at urban sites and upwind rural sites showed regional contributions to PM 2.5AA of approximately 50% and 70% at urban traffic and urban background sites, respectively. The largest regional contributions were also estimated for the highest hourly PM 2.5 concentrations, compared to moderate hourly PM 2.5 concentrations. Regional emission reductions could therefore make a substantial contribution to achieving the WHO air quality guidelines in Paris. • Changes in fine particulate matter measured in Paris assessed between 2009 and 2018. • Changes in annual and 24 h PM 2.5 metrics linked to changes in hourly PM 2.5 • Reduction in annual and 24 h PM 2.5 driven by local emission reductions. • Large regional contribution to PM 2.5 at urban background and traffic sites calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research about home educators is often limited by a reliance on convenience-based samples. This paper explores an alternative source of information: written reports from inquiries held by the French public administration on every registered home-educated child. First, I depict how these inquiries are legally designed and how our research team has negotiated with government agencies to gain access to these reports. Then I discuss the case study of Cheny, a city located in the working-class suburbs of Paris. In Cheny, 70 children from 44 families were registered as home educated from 2011 to 2016. I use the city records to describe what the local authorities know and think about families who home educate their children and what this knowledge teaches us about the practice and public regulation of home education in France. I focus on the ability of these reports to provide us with information about parental motives. I also raise different questions about the value and weaknesses of such sets of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the automatic analysis of real-life telephone conversations between an agent and a customer of a customer care service ( ccs ). The application domain is the public transportation system in Paris and the purpose is to collect statistics about customer problems in order to monitor the service and decide priorities on the intervention for improving user satisfaction. Of primary importance for the analysis is the detection of themes that are the object of customer problems. Themes are defined in the application requirements and are part of the application ontology that is implicit in the ccs documentation. Due to variety of customer population, the structure of conversations with an agent is unpredictable. A conversation may be about one or more themes. Theme mentions can be interleaved with mentions of facts that are irrelevant for the application purpose. Furthermore, in certain conversations theme mentions are localized in specific conversation segments while in other conversations mentions cannot be localized. As a consequence, approaches to feature extraction with and without mention localization are considered. Application domain relevant themes identified by an automatic procedure are expressed by specific sentences whose words are hypothesized by an automatic speech recognition ( asr ) system. The asr system is error prone. The word error rates can be very high for many reasons. Among them it is worth mentioning unpredictable background noise, speaker accent, and various types of speech disfluencies. As the application task requires the composition of proportions of theme mentions, a sequential decision strategy is introduced in this paper for performing a survey of the large amount of conversations made available in a given time period. The strategy has to sample the conversations to form a survey containing enough data analyzed with high accuracy so that proportions can be estimated with sufficient accuracy. Due to the unpredictable type of theme mentions, it is appropriate to consider methods for theme hypothesization based on global as well as local feature extraction. Two systems based on each type of feature extraction will be considered by the strategy. One of the four methods is novel. It is based on a new definition of density of theme mentions and on the localization of high density zones whose boundaries do not need to be precisely detected. The sequential decision strategy starts by grouping theme hypotheses into sets of different expected accuracy and coverage levels. For those sets for which accuracy can be improved with a consequent increase of coverage a new system with new features is introduced. Its execution is triggered only when specific preconditions are met on the hypotheses generated by the basic four systems. Experimental results are provided on a corpus collected in the call center of the Paris transportation system known as ratp . The results show that surveys with high accuracy and coverage can be composed with the proposed strategy and systems. This makes it possible to apply a previously published proportion estimation approach that takes into account hypothesization errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the influence of transportation infrastructure, and in particular of the Regional Express Rail (RER), on employment and population growth in the Paris metropolitan area between 1968 and 2010. In order to make proper causal inference, we rely on historical instruments and control for all other transportation modes that could be complement or substitute to the RER. Our results show that proximity to an RER station increases employment and population density and, in particular, employment and population growth. The latter effects are higher in municipalities located near RER stations and close to employment (sub)centers. They are also found to be particularly strong for jobs in the service sector, for factory workers, and for highly educated population. We find no impact of the RER expansion on employment growth during the first part of the period, while the effect on population growth appears earlier but declines over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we describe and figure some rare lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) helical ammonoids from the Deshayesites deshayesi Zone of the Argiles à Plicatules Formation (Paris Basin, NE France). Those are the only helical ammonoids known in this zone so far. They were only occasionally evoked in literature and this is probably on the basis of the specimens here described that, according to us, the genus Toxoceratoides (Helicancylidae) was wrongly regarded as possessing an early helical spiral part. We demonstrate here that these specimens are not belonging to Toxoceratoides nor Helicancylidae: they are interpreted as 'abnormally' helical representatives of the genus Ancyloceras (Ancyloceratidae) or a new taxon of Ancyloceratidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This methodological paper shows that using different local job accessibility models (LJAs) leads to significantly different empirical appreciations of job accessibility. Matching several exhaustive micro data sources on the Paris region municipalities, the paper benchmarks a representative set of LJA measurement models used in the recent literature and an original model where job availability is fully estimated according to a set of individual characteristics, job competition is fully modelled on the local labour market and frontier effects are controlled for. We show that the model-induced empirical differences are spatially differentiated across the Paris region municipalities, and that failing to fully estimate job availability may lead to overestimation of the job accessibility levels of underprivileged municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: The majority of field evaluations are focusing on the traffic impact of the control actions. However, with the growing prosperity, consumers demand higher quality transport services, for which reliable transport networks are central. This paper is focused on the evaluation of the ramp metering impact based on both indices: traffic and the travel time reliability on the A6W motorway in Paris. Three strategies are implemented, tested and evaluated. Evaluations include more traditional traffic impacts on one hand and the travel time reliability evaluation on the other which corresponds to the add value of this paper. The results obtained indicate both improvement of the travel time reliability and the average travel time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Speleothem-like deposits that develop underground in urban areas are an archive of the environmental impact of anthropic activities that has been little studied so far. In this paper, the sulfate content in shallow groundwater from northern Paris (France) is compared with the sulfur content in two 300-year-old urban carbonate deposits that grew in a historical underground aqueduct. The present-day waters of the aqueduct have very high sulfur and calcium contents, suggesting pollution from gypsum dissolution. However, geological gypsum levels are located below the water table. Sulfur content was measured by micro-X-ray fluorescence in these very S-rich carbonate deposits (0.5 to 1% of S). A twofold S increase during the second half of the 1800s was found in both samples. These dates correspond to two major periods of urbanization above the site. We discus three possible S sources: anthropic sources (industries, fertilizers…), volcanic eruptions and input within the water through gypsum brought for urbanization above the studied site (backfill with quarry waste) since the middle of the 19th century. For the younger second half of the studied section, S input from gypsum brought during urbanization was confirmed by the study of isotopic sulfur composition (δ 34 S = + 15.2‰ at the top). For the oldest part, several sulfur peaks could be related to early industrial activity in Paris, that caused high local air pollution, as reported in historical archives but also to historical gypsum extraction. This study provides information on the origin and timing of the very high SO 4 2 − levels measured nowadays within the shallow groundwater, thus demonstrating the interest in using carbonate deposits in urban areas as a proxy for the history of urbanization or human activities and their impact on water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1919 Greater Paris competition was the first attempt at metropolitan planning in France. Paris was then the fourth largest city in the world. As in other metropolises, congestion and hazardous urban growth were its main problems. The need of planning was evident. However, the long-term city–suburb conflict, the legal constraints, and the political divergences hindered the realization of a comprehensive plan. In this context, an international competition was launched. The prize-winner was the French architect Léon Jaussely. Although Greater Paris competition did not result in a comprehensive plan straightaway, it constitutes a turning point in Paris’s planning history. Through research on unpublished sources preserved in different Parisian archives, this paper aims firstly to reconstruct the process of the competition. The thorough reports of the jury offer an entirely new approach to the study of this kind of competition, since they allow us to comprehend the preoccupations of the administrations in charge. Secondly, it intends to examine the projects, connecting their solutions with international models and debates. It focuses on those concerning the comprehensive plan and particularly on Jaussely’s awarded project. Finally, the long-term influence of the competition will be discussed and regarded within the international context. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In fragmented agglomerations, urban development in peripheral areas tends to express the hegemony of the core city over its suburbs. However, this paper demonstrates that, despite deep-rooted political conflicts, intermunicipal cooperation can still take place in the context of cross-border development. I argue that cross-border development has a political and economic logic that is driven by a different power configuration in the metropolis: cross-border coalitions. These coalitions emerge when the redevelopment of areas around municipal borders provides an opportunity for political interests to strengthen their electoral alliances and for business interests to exploit possibilities of growth. This paper investigates urban development in Paris North East, an area on the periphery of Paris that crosses municipal boundaries. It examines how a coalition of public and private actors is cooperating based on the shared benefits they can derive from developments in this area. The case study captures the complex political and economic dynamics driving intermunicipal cooperation by examining the role of local political coalitions, their link with planning agencies, and the behavior of emergent metropolitan entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to determine whether salt and oil interact on cellulose, leading to degradation. Samples were prepared using both Whatman® filter paper and contemporary barkcloth, immersing them in three solutions: salted water (NaCl solution), oil, and salted oil. Half of the samples underwent an accelerated ageing treatment. The degradation of cellulose after ageing was evaluated using size-exclusion chromatography analysis on solubilized samples. The molecular weight of the samples was used to evaluate the degree of degradation. The results showed that cellulose degradation increased with exposure to pure NaCl, oil, and salted oil, respectively. The results appeared to be more reproducible with the Whatman paper samples than with the barkcloth samples, probably because of material irregularities in the latter. This work demonstrates that the combination of oxidative oil and salt on a cellulosic object strongly weakens the cellulose with time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper highlights the effects of being located in a deprived neighbourhood on unemployment. Interest is focused on the consequences of neighbourhood effects. The paper uses the 1999 Population Census for Paris and the three surrounding sub-regional administrative districts in order to estimate different models that take into account the potential endogeneity bias of the residential location choice. The study first runs a bivariate probit model that includes the residential location as an endogenous variable. A probit model is also run on a sub-sample of households living in public housing with the idea that for them the location choice is exogenous. Whatever the method used, it is shown that living within the most deprived neighbourhoods, in terms of local composition, decreases the probability of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French suburbs, les banlieues, expanded after World War II. This paper first describes and explores this socio-spatial construct, as well as characterizes the relationship between the inner city and its outskirts, highlighting the stigmatization of the banlieue. But, is it possible for these two spaces and these two worlds to communicate? How can a dialogue be instituted? Is there a point of interpenetration? This paper analyzes how Annie Ernaux with Journal du dehors and La Vie exterieure and Faiza Guene with Kiffe Kiffe demain, Du reve pour les oufs, and Les Gens du Balto succeed in addressing this issue and offer means to bridge the gap between Paris and its banlieue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the formation of a 'social movement space' through the case of France's immigrant rights movement. Rather than this movement developing on the head of a pin, the French immigrant rights movement displays a rich and varied geography that changed over time. The movement emerged through a series of urban struggles and Paris early on became a center of these mobilizations. The complex and empowering networks developed in Paris were later deployed in a new campaign to contest restrictive national legislation passed in 1993. As this movement shifted from the urban to the national scale, networks connected the Paris hub to local struggles across the country. This network configuration, with Paris playing a centralizing role, introduced powerful geographical cleavages between center and periphery. Thus, this movement is not only conceived as a form of contentious collective action but as a distinctive spatial entity in its own right ('social movement space'). As a spatial entity, the paper examines the processes that intersected to provide it with its own unique features, the capacities to sustain its political momentum, and the internal cleavages that would later result in its slow demise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the transformation of two decommissioned rail lines, in Paris and New York City, into ecologically-oriented green space. Situating the restoration of these rail lines within dominant trajectories of urbanization helps to understand how ecological restoration projects may function as financial instruments that intensify experiences of social injustice. This paper considers how the design and aesthetics of New York's High Line and Paris' Sentier Nature construct ecologies that also produce environmental subjectivities, and how these spaces reflect uneven investment in nature across urban landscapes. While the two case studies are aesthetically distinct, they are both woven into existing global patterns of urban transformation, and their evolution from disused industrial space to public park shares an emotional attachment to safety that demands removal of threatening inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageing of the population, urban sprawl and car dependency will change travel patterns. The main objective of this paper is to give elements for a better understanding of the impact of changing demographics on the long-term evolution of daily mobility using demographic-based models to forecast, for the elderly population, car-ownership, trip frequency, distance travelled, average trip distance. A second objective is to measure the impact of the long-term tendencies observed on the appearance of new needs of travel demand such as a rapid increase of demand-responsive transport. The paper compares two agglomerations, both in a strong ageing process, but in cultural contexts: a large European metropolis, Paris; and a medium sized North-American city, Montreal. Many common conclusions derived from the two different cases studies reinforce the possibility of generalizing the conclusions to other situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connection between international sport and national prowess emerged as a salient feature of early modern Olympic competition. As the progenitor of modern sport, Britain's declining competitiveness in the Olympics became a cause of national concern, especially when defeat was translated as proof of British decadence. This paper will explore how the politically Conservative members of the British Olympic Association (BOA) embraced the 1924 Paris Olympic Games as a platform for national projection. A coordinated attempt between high-ranking members of the Conservative Party and some of the nation's most eminent patricians to reclaim Britain's lost athletic prowess demythologises the long history of claims that the BOA was historically a private and apolitical body. This paper also reveals how the chauvinism that marred the 1924 Paris games reaffirms the popular scholarly opinion that the Olympics are a politico-sporting contest between nation-states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the photographs that first brought Berenice Abbott critical acclaim: her Paris portraits from the late 1920s. As a body of work, these images - along with what Abbott had to say about them and the critical attention they generated at the time - provide a rich resource for the study of three interconnected topics: the avant-garde critical climate of Europe in the late 1920s, the American expatriate experience in Paris during this same time and Abbott's nascent photographic values and aesthetic, which helped to inform not only her portraits but also her later, better-known photographs of New York City. The paper first defines the divergent critical responses to Abbott's portrait work in the late 1920s - focusing especially on the published criticism by Florent Fels and Pierre Mac Orlan that helped to secure Abbott's international reputation as a leading modern photographer. It then turns to Abbott's expatriate experience in order to examine the ideas and individuals that she identified as most important to her photographic practice. Specifically the paper explains Abbott's desire to create an alternative approach to photography from the one used by Man Ray, her awareness of the classical style associated with Pablo Picasso and her admiration for the aesthetic theories of Leo Stein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the conference titled "New Paradigms in Nuclear Physics" that was held from September 29 to October 2, 2008 in Paris, France. At the conference, T. Motobayashi presented the research paper titled "Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics Studies With Fast Heavy-Ion Beams." T. Otsuka presented the research paper titled "Hadronic Interaction and Structure of Exotic Nuclei."

In this paper we examine some of the major planning challenges facing the Paris region and we locate these in the context of problems of institutional coordination and cooperation. Finding the right institutions for metropolitan governance is a challenge for most of Europe's large cities. Our approach to the Paris region emphasizes the need to understand the evolution of institutions of governance and the struggles between political actors around these institutional legacies. Political competition motivates key actors in the multi-level governance of the region. We examine the struggle to develop new social housing and conflicts around transport policy in Paris. Political conflict and different perspectives on regional planning stand in the way of solutions to current problems. In the final part of the paper we discuss how potential political and institutional solutions might develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the papers in the present issues of the periodical about the Cite national de l'histoire de l'immigration (CNHI) in Paris, France. The papers are intended to review the objectives, phases and components in the planning of CNHI which is due to open in June 2007. It also compares the French project in an international context.

Since the late 1980s, international skill mobility has become a topic of academic enquiry, examined from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. Economic theorisation has centred on the elite professional migrant moving within corporate spheres of influence concentrated on ‘world cities’ such as London, New York and Paris. Whilst accepting the value of this work—particularly in terms of its contribution to the broader re-theorisation of migration studies—this paper is critical of the focus on a privileged economic form of career-based mobility. I argue that skilled international migration, although still practised by a relatively small number of people, has nonetheless become a ‘normal’ middle-class activity rather than something exclusively confined to an economic elite. This implies complexity with regard to the skilled migrant communities that form within the contemporary world city, complexity that has hitherto been overlooked. This omission is addressed through a six-faceted lifestyle typology derived from 36 interviews with skilled British residents in Paris. The typology underpins the main argument of the paper: namely that skilled migration has developed an increasingly diverse ‘human face’ since studies of the phenomenon began in the late 1980s, and that traditional notions of the economic ‘expatriate’ need to be placed within a much broader contextual and conceptual framework. In the final part of the paper, reasons for the development of this complexity are briefly explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper examines the utopian scheme for Paris put forward by Fourierist engineer Perreymond in the Revue Générale de l''Architecture et des Travaux Publics (1840–1890). The plan is placed in the context of both nineteenth-century utopian conceptions of society, as well as the wider discussions of the urban fabric of Paris. Particular attention is paid to Perreymond''s ideals and their influence as a specific moment in planning. This is followed by an examination of why this plan was destined to remain on paper whilst a similar scheme – that of Baron Haussmann – became concrete ten years later. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Collecting bulky series of paper materials happens very often in an institution as large as the Archives de Paris. Questions arise of how to give access to those materials and how to produce finding aids well suited to their many diverse uses. The numerous specific application programs that are used by the offices of origin of the archives can provide precious metadata for the archivist. Using the EAD DTD in order to preserve and recycle that information can be one way to solve a double problem: the description of modern serial paper-based public records and the enhancement of value for a certain type of electronic record. The use of the EAD DTD presented in this paper is a bit unusual in some ways. It reveals the DTD's capabilities as an archival interpretative tool for information created by different professional communities as well as its limitations as a tool for exchange of structured data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In discussing the lifestyle and practices of the Paris group of the contemporary surrealist movement, this paper contributes to debates within economic and political geography that seek to develop the imagining of alternatives to neoliberal globalisation through practices of resistance, and spaces of political and policy engagement. The everyday life of the surrealist movement, in combining creativity with progressive choices and radical economic practices that oppose capitalism, while intellectually investigating ideas of revolution, a different society and utopia, suggests a perspective that contributes to the imagining of such alternatives. This paper outlines the deeply embedded nature of surrealist activity in opposing capitalism and illustrates, as one member of the surrealist group suggests, in quoting Baudelaire, surrealism's insistence for a world in which“action is the sister of dream”. The paper further contributes to discussion on the role of academics in facilitating spaces of political engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives an account of a fieldwork exercise in Paris which attempted to relate social theory and fieldwork practice. The paper begins with a brief historical review of different perspectives on the practice of walking, as a form of movement through the city with aesthetic and critical potential. A more detailed account is then given of the particular theories and practices of the avant-garde group known as the Situationist International, which are drawn upon for the fieldwork exercise. The paper then reflects on the problems encountered in trying to apply these ideas in a fieldwork exercise, and concludes with some comments on improvements and further developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oldest known restoration of a pterosaur, sent by Professor Jean Hermann of Strasbourg to Georges Cuvier in Paris in 1800, was never published. But it has been found, along with many of Cuvier’s important papers and letters, in the archives of the central library of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. The sketch is unusual in many respects because Hermann interpreted the animal as a better possible intermediate between birds and quadrupeds than bats would be. Although Hermann’s reconstruction had little influence on Cuvier, it drew the latter’s attention to Collini’s 1784 paper, the first ever on these animals, which Cuvier would later name pte´ro-dactyles without ever seeing the original specimens. Collini’s drawing immediately convinced Cuvier that the mysterious animals were reptiles, and that they could fly. Cuvier’s expertise with the patterns of comparative anatomy allowed him to correct many interpretations of other workers, who visualized pterosaurs as mammals, birds, bats, amphibious or marine animals, or as intermediates between different groups. These somewhat tentative, complex concepts of the structures and ‘affinities’ of prehistoric life reflect the fluidity of pre-evolutionary, horizontal ‘arrangements’ in contrast to later evolutionary, vertical classifications based on ideas about phylogeny. But Collini’s paper also immediately provided a strong theoretical underpinning for Cuvier’s prospectus for his great work, Ossemens Fossiles des Quadrupe`des. Shortly after reading Collini’s paper, Cuvier developed the introduction to his 1800 prospectus, incorporating many of Collini’s rhetorical strategies with his own views. These same ideas also became important in Cuvier’s Discours pre´liminaire to the Ossemens Fossiles, his most renowned philosophical work. To cite this article: P. Taquet, K. Padian, C. R. Palevol 3 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper compares two methods to evaluate the effect of market fundamentals on housing price dynamics. The first method follows the traditional two-step procedures found in the literature in which one first estimates a house price index and then uses the estimated index in subsequent structural modelling. The second method applies a Kalman filter strategy that allows for the simultaneous estimation of the parameters of a dynamic hedonic price model, the price index and the parameters of a structural model for housing prices. Very similar empirical results are found for the two estimation strategies suggesting that the small efficiency gains of the simultaneous estimator may be outweighed by the relative ease of implementing the traditional methods. Using transaction-level data for dwellings in Paris over the period 1986-92, the paper finds evidence consistent with the hypothesis that economic fundamentals constrain movements in Parisian dwelling prices over longer-term horizons. Both procedures for estimating an error correction model of housing prices based on supply and demand fundamentals lead to the same conclusions, suggesting that the speed of adjustment in the Paris dwelling market was about 30 per cent per month over the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the Emballage Exhibition held in Paris, France on November 2006. More than 1,166 exhibitors and 105,000 visitors attended the event, making it the year's largest international event for the packaging industry. Mondi Packaging demonstrated its improved closing machine for paper bags which has a PE-inner sack while Agfa Graphics displayed several solutions including its Dotrix high-speed industrial inkjet press. Esko also announced that Xerox will be a European distributor for some of its packaging software and hardware.

The transformation of Paris by Haussmann (1853–1870) is presented as a classic case of state-led modernization. What most accounts do not take into consideration is that Haussmann faced formidable opposition from property owners in his attempts to realize the emperor's ambitions for Paris, an opposition that centred on competing interpretations and uses of planning law. Based on heretofore unstudied archival material, this paper traces Haussmann's attempts to establish his (at times) creative use of planning law as legitimate in a context where planning was firmly in the hands of property owners. Haussmann's strategic use of the law, or planning practice, was able to lay bare the fact that planning law has no legitimacy in itself – only particular uses of the law can gain or lose legitimacy. Planning power can thus be defined as the possession of legitimacy in the use of planning law; and since the legal framework is a site of contest rather than a source of legitimacy, planning power depends on external legitimation. In the Haussmann case it is clear that state backing was central, even though (implicit) early support from the Parisian population cannot be ruled out until more research has been conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the phenomenon of "jaytalking," a popular type of urban speech in Paris during the fin-de-sicle, the usual form of which was graffiti written on the streets and other public spaces of the city. It explores the forms that graffiti took, the spaces used for jaytalking, the types of messages left by jaytalkers, as well as some of the discernable traits of the authors of graffiti and their readers. It examines this graffiti--whether political, obscene, sincere, humorous, or just plain cranky--as a means by which ordinary Parisians hijacked the city street, creatively resisting the limited and sanctioned uses of that space and turning it into a canvas for their opinions, resentments, and rage. And it asserts that city streets in the late nineteenth-century, despite their careful regulation by the Paris police force, continued to be places of inventiveness, defiance, anger, humor, and self-expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussion on Large Urban Projects. They involve conflicting agents and are subjected to analysis beyond projectual scrutinity. Paper prioritizes the understanding of a selection of printed media contemporaneous to Haussmann's works in Paris, and is based on three assumptions: criticism observed in the past repeats in contemporary cities; debates, there and now, do not allow for nuances; analysis of the distant observer prevails praise; analysis of someone closer to it is full of harsh criticism. Material used was a selection of The New York Times discussing works of the modernization of Paris under the responsibility of Haussmann. The discussion and conclusion are based on this material and reiterate assumptions adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fragmentary nature of research findings and conceptual models, the Durkheimian legacy remains undervalued in contemporary spatial theory. The paper addresses this neglect by proposing a unified Durkheimian model of place which can be applied to case history and comparative analyses. It draws together the fragmented insights of Durkheimian theory to characterize four elementary forms of place: sacred, profane, liminal and mundane. These place/space identities are maintained and transformed through rituals and narratives which depend upon contingent human actions for their sustenance. The paper concludes with an extended case study which deploys the model to explain the changing meanings of the site of the Bastille (Paris, France) over the past two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of management of the COVID-19 epidemic in a French immigration detention center. Design/methodology/approach: During containment in France because of COVID-19, the judicial authorities had to deal with the risk of contamination within immigration detention centers (IDC). In the Paris IDC, which can usually receive up to 240 individuals, measures have been taken to limit the risk of contamination by releasing individuals without prior judicial conviction and testing the others by a nasal swab. Findings: The test was done for all the present individuals (48), except two who refused. Eight tests (17.4%) were positive and only one was symptomatic. Individuals testing positive for COVID-19 were transferred into COVID-centers specially created during this health crisis. Originality/value: Management of the COVID-19 epidemic in this French IDC illustrates the necessity of good cooperation between judicial authorities and medical teams in charge of those centers and the difficulty of balancing public health actions with state security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the rise and decline of social movements in Amsterdam and Paris, focusing in particular on the organizations of left-wing immigrant workers. These organizations performed crucial roles for new social movements in the 1970s and 1980s but were isolated and coopted in the 1990s and early 2000s. To explain why this is so, we engage in a dialogue with Jacques Rancière and develop an understanding of cities as strategic sites for both politicization and policing. Cities serve as sites of politicization because they are incubators of the relational conduits that enable activists from different sectors to engage with one another's struggles and look beyond narrow temporal and spatial horizons. However, cities also serve as sites of policing because authorities constantly attempt to reconfigure governmental arrangements in such a way that civil society serves as an extension of the government and comes to fulfill an instrumental role in the development and implementation of policy. Just as politicizing implies the widening of temporal and spatial horizons, policing implies the narrowing of such horizons. The analysis shows the social movements of the 1960s lost steam in two of the major hubs of the new left and reveals some of the more universal mechanisms through which cities generate or quell dissent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Goutte d'Or neighborhood of Paris has long been seen as an impoverished yet colorful quarter of the city. In recent years, it has also developed a reputation as a center for immigrants. Three populations now share the neighborhood: the European French, the Maghrebi immigrant population and their children, and the newest population of migrants from former Francophone colonies. This paper examines how the Goutte d'Or's social and ethnic identity is revealed in the built environment and in its social and economic activity. This neighborhood demonstrates how different communities and place identities coexist. It also shows how global networks of migration, exchange, and visits infuse local places. The Goutte d'Or distills many aspects of French immigrant identities, providing an example for increasing numbers of immigrant neighborhoods in France and across the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years religious clothing has become prevalent across many European cities, making religious bodies more visible in public spaces. This paper brings together our separate research on Jews in Paris and Muslims in London. While recognising the clear differences between these two socio-political contexts and distinct religious groups, we suggest that a focus on clothing allows us to consider some points of similarity and difference in the presentation of gendered religious bodies, particularly in situations of heightened stigmatisation. We draw upon Goffman's notion of impression management, in contexts of risks and threats, to explore how individuals experience and negotiate self presentation as members of stigmatised religious groups. We use rich qualitative data based on indepth interviews to consider how, when faced with collective stigmatisation, actors make deliberate and measured choices to present themselves and attempt to impression manage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]