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Discusses the utilitarian goals of education and examines how cultural literacy can contribute to a discourse on art education. Makes observations about utilitarian versus intrinsic education. Maintains that the concept of cultural literacy can help art educators make decisions regarding the common core of art education. (KM)

Originally written in French in 1946 and translated by the author himself, Samuel Beckett's Mercier and Camier tells the story of a pseudo-couple wandering through an unnamed city. Despite the narrator's mocking tone, this quest narrative gradually reveals a search for meaning, punctuated by crises and revealed through the nonsensical dialogues between characters. By means of the disjunctions, verbal irrelevancies, and gaps in thought found in these dialogues, the narrative registers affective transitions and passages of feeling. This kind of narrative disjunction is determined, produced, and reproduced within a particularly affective milieu where social encounters become catalysts for emotional disorientation. This paper will examine how the novel's use of casual conversation explores affect's infiltration into ways of acting and speaking in everyday encounters. The novel's investment in an excessive amount of random talk solicits a host of questions around the idea of affect not only as state of mind but also as a narrative mood determining the conditions of meaningfulness. Focusing on theories of affect, I will explore the link between affective experience and verbal expression in Mercier and Camier, particularly in the absence of narrative logic and reflective coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1979 the author spent the summer at a National Endowment for the Humanities summer seminar at Princeton with Richard Rorty, an experience which had numerous consequences, including a very Rortyan paper subsequently published in Human Studies called "Social theory," without wholes. Over this summer he has also worked on a manuscript that grew out a long article published in Human Studies on Max Weber and the fact-value distinction entitled "The limits of reason and some limitations of Weber's morality." The research that he was doing in the Princeton library was primarily concerned with filling in the context in which Weber had made his famous statements about fact and value, and also with examining the sequel of those writings in subsequent philosophy. This topic represents an important and distinctive strand in the tradition of continental philosophy, something that has now increasingly come to be recognized.

Emotional Intelligence, perhaps one of the most popular and extensively researched constructs of the twentieth century does not need any introduction. Its importance and relevance in various fields has been scientifically researched and asserted. Yet, the cross-cultural relevance of the concept still remains an unexplored area. Emotions being predominantly culture specific, the applicability of the various tests proposed by the theorists across cultures raises pertinent questions. This paper, though does not go into the empirical study, rather restricts itself to a qualitative analysis of the 'ability model' proposed by Mayer and Salovey against the background of Indian culture through the Bhagavad- Gita. Also, it does not take the entire text of the Bhagavad-Gita, as it is beyond the scope and limit of this paper to do so. It draws attention to a few slokas in the text which throws open fresh prospects of research and an understanding of Emotional Intelligence in the east, specifically, India. It draws attention to the similarities and the contrasts between an emotionally intelligent person as surmised by Mayer and Salovey, and the 'Sthithapragnya' as described by Lord Krishna in the Bhagavad-Gita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a list of books on philosophy received by the Department of Philosophy at the State University of New York.

Purpose – To provide an overview of the history, evolution, and existing research on continuous improvement Design/methodology/approach – Extensive review of the literature. Findings - This paper provides an overview of continuous improvement, its inception, how it evolved into sophisticated methodologies used in organizations today, and existing research in this field in the literature. Research limitations/implications – It does not provide an exhaustive review of the existing literature, or an exhaustive list of all continuous improvement programs, only the most well known. Originality/value – This paper traces how organizations have used various tools and techniques to address the need for improvement on various levels. The paper also presents research conducted in this field. It should be of value to practitioners of continuous improvement programs and to academics who are interested in how continuous improvement has evolved, and where it is today. To the authors' knowledge, no recent papers have provided an historical perspective of continuous improvement Furthermore, our paper also discusses the existing research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the conditionally faulty graphs G that each vertex of G is incident with at least m fault-free edges, 2 ≤ m ≤ n - 1. We extend the limitation m ≥ 2 in all previous results of edge-bipancyclicity with faulty edges and faulty vertices. Let fe (respectively, fv) denotes the number of faulty edges (respectively, faulty vertices) in an n-dimensional hypercube Qn. For all m, we show that every fault-free edge of Qn lies on a fault-free cycle of every even length from 4 to |V| - 2fv inclusive provided fe + fv ≤ n - 2. This result is not only optimal, but also improves on the previously best known results reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional discourses upon literature have been predicated upon the ability to refer to a text that others may consult (Landow, 1994, p. 33). Texts that involve elements of feedback and non-trivial decision-making on the part of the reader (Aarseth, 1997, p. 1) therefore present a challenge to readers and critics alike. Since a persuasive case has been made against a critical method that sets out to ``identify the task of interpretation as a task of territorial exploration and territorial mastery'' (Aarseth, p. 87), this paper proposes the use of readers in an empirically based approach to hypertext fiction. Meta-interpretation, a method that combines individual responses to a text, reading logs, screen recordings and limited qualitative/quantitative analysis, and critical interpretation is outlined. By analysing readers' responses it is possible to suggest both the ways that textual elements may have influenced or determined readers' choices and the ways that readers' choices ``configure'' the text. The method thus addresses Espen Aarseth's concerns and illuminates interesting features of interactive processes in fictional environments. The paper is divided into two parts: the first part sketches out meta-interpretation through consideration of the main problems confronting the literary critic; the second part describes reading research aimed at generating data for the literary critic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marriage of literature and science might not be possible strictly speaking, but a marriage of humanities with philosophy, psychology, religion, ethics, ecology, and social studies, for instance, might well work, as a close analysis of some medieval narratives will illustrate. This paper intends to demonstrate once again what the humanities could truly mean, insofar as the discussion will not only lay bare textual elements or philological concerns, but it will also indicate how much relevant literature helps us to address crucial questions of religious, ethical, social, moral, and philosophical kinds, building powerful bridges between the past and the present. In order to test this premise even in extreme situations, here a number of medieval texts will be introduced and analyzed as to their timeless message and hence their extremely important function of creating meaning for readers/listeners both from the Middle Ages and today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is premised on the assumption that scholarly studies on al-Māl (money) and its role in human-lives have largely been seen to be the exclusive preserve of social science scholars. This has consequently led to the elision of other perspectives, particularly the cultural, on the category. This paper therefore attempts to fill that gap. It begins with a review of the literal meanings of al-Māl in Muslim and non-Muslim cultures, the jurisprudential construction of the concept and insightful perspectives from, among others, C. Turner, W. Muhammad and M. Plessner. Using works of Abī Tayyib al-Mutannabī and Ahmad Shawqī as cultural sites, the paper subsequently anchors its discussion of humanity's notions of money on three axes: money as a necessity, money as a sociological referent and money as the essence of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at a comparative analysis of the prefaces in Lim Hak-Su's translations of the Iliad. Lim published three translations of the Iliad, the first in 1940 during the Japanese colonial period, and later in North Korea in 1963 and 1989. The differences between the prefaces in these three editions are noteworthy. While the 1940 preface begins with high praise for the Iliad and the emotional and romantic tone is maintained until the end, the 1963 preface attempts to focus on an objective narrative. Lim defined Homer's Iliad as an "inmin epic." The most noteworthy point of this preface is that Lim cites Engels and Marx to support his evaluation of the Iliad. Finally, in the preface to the 1989 translation, the perspectives of Marx and Engels are gone and Kim Ilsung's teachings appear instead. Such changes show that the communism of Marx and Engels, which can be called a foreign ideology, had finally been overcome in North Korean society and that Kim Il-sung's Juche ideology had been established as the absolute state policy with the highest authority. The case of Lim's prefaces allows us to think about how literary criticism is influenced by national ideologies and what it means to study literature and humanities in North Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Humanities is an international research and teaching project promoted by an interdisciplinary group of people from five different faculties and departments based at the University of Roma Tre. Initially set up as a forum for academic dialogue between the humanities and the sciences (including social sciences), the project became a transition space and platform for experiencing new research methodologies and teaching curricula that would question the present epistemological order of the European university system. In order to develop this approach, we have organized our work around a number of interdisciplinary clusters, each describing an epistemological node. In this paper we will discuss five interconnected case studies that emerged from an active collaboration between scientists and humanists. The first node, Protocols of Vision, investigates the cognitive nature of sensory perception and the different forms of knowledge it produces--empirical, artistic, and scientific. Memory: Mathematics, Computer Science, and Literature recapitulates many of the different threads in these discussions by exploring the interdependencies between the various kinds of memory: from external to subjective memory, from storage tools and techniques of self-construction to the invariance of mathematical structures. The third node, Signs and Bodies between Digital and Gendering, reflects on the problematic relationship between digital media and literary and linguistic gendering. Narrative Identity: Nature, Ontogeny and Psychopathology critically re-examines the main concepts and theories concerning the nature, ontogeny, and pathologies of the autobiographical self or narrative identity. Finally, the last node, Contribution of Quantum Physics to the Idea of Consciousness is a cross-cultural investigation into the phenomenon of consciousness tackled from the points of view of quantum field theory and ancient Indian philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the course that review the protest literature. The course arises in teaching that relates to the roles of writers or artist in the movement for social change and the relationship between the individual creativity and social actions. It also differentiates the difference between the work that directly involve the moments of conflict. It also involves the genre that differentiates the kind of works that function as social protest literature. The conception on how an artist can be understood to be functioning in the society.

This paper responds to criticism of the Kripkean account of logical truth in first-order modal logic. The criticism, largely ignored in the literature, claims that when the box and diamond are interpreted as the logical modality operators, the Kripkean account is extensionally incorrect because it fails to reflect the fact that all sentences stating truths about what is logically possible are themselves logically necessary. I defend the Kripkean account by arguing that some true sentences about logical possibility are not logically necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues that philosopher Emmanuel Levinas's philosophical writings and his Jewish writings are not easily read as compatible. But the author do not make the argument on what might seem to be the obvious grounds, namely, that the philosophical writings represent what Levinas calls the "Greek" while the Jewish writings represent what he calls the "Hebrew." On the contrary, the author's claim is almost precisely the opposite. As Levinas uses the terms "Greek" and "Hebrew," each refers to a "sub-textual way of thinking and speaking." The "Greek" is the ontological mode that seeks to describe the whole, this is essentially the mode the author believe Levinas works the reader toward in the Jewish writings. The "Hebrew" is the dialogical mode that is never complete and preserves dissent, this is the mode he works the reader toward in the philosophical works. The first half of this paper contains a general discussion of the meaning of the two terms, the way in which Jacques Derrida brings out what is at stake in their use with the introduction of the more critically clarified terms "Jewgreek" and "Greekjew," and, finally, the beginning of my argument that Levinas is at odds with himself.

This paper will attempt to specify a literary genre of farm narrative, canonically exemplified by Schreiner, Lessing and Coetzee, in order to raise the question of what alternative narratives there may be. Narratives of entrapment or regression will be juxtaposed with artistic and autobiographical expositions offering a pioneering myth and logic, served to open up overlooked questions of autonomy and local community. Particular attention will be given to one illustration (author will supply illustration), literally a watercolour painting that can be seen to undo certain expectations of the farm setting established by the dominant literary tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacobson maintains that, as a child growing up in Kimberley, he had invested with fantasy the landscape of the historical route from the Cape Colony to the African interior, one that is said to have registered an unconscious anxiety that there might, in fact, ‘be nothing there’. On his return as adult to this landscape, he wonders whether or not he will discover a void in the heart of the imagined plenitude. In this paper, I explore the relationship between the putative landscape of history and the landscape of fantasy, arguing that, by problematising the boundary between them, Jacobson's account of his journey along the ‘missionary road’ creates productive ambiguities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feature of contemporary South African fiction is that it explores the intricate complicities of personal, cultural and racial identities in terms of an uneasy relation to place—in both a physical and a figurative sense. Mpe's Welcome To Our Hillbrow poses a radical challenge to notions of ‘community’, of what constitutes ‘home’ in the same instant that the narrative is generated by these notions. The novel is written in the second person, which has the disorientating effect of simultaneously distancing, but engaging the reader in the implied community signalled by the ‘our’ of the novel's title. In this paper I explore Mpe's treatment of identity as a response to place as a physical and a linguistic inscription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I aim to use Douanier Rousseau's La Bohémienne (1897) as the starting point for an exploration of how personal memory intersects with cultural history, in terms of the relations between the present and the past, and the individual and the community, as complexly determined by separation, distance and exile. Literary and cultural criticism in recent years has been steadily drawn towards an exploration of boundaries, which has allowed an expansion of ‘connections’ across literatures, without however always taking into account the implications of that expansion. I want to seek out some of the implications of ‘reading’ a remembered image from the colonial past in the present, while thinking about what constitutes ‘home’ for former colonials like myself, hovering between detachment and complicity, yet provoked by the amorality and amnesia of postmodernist criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrates the author's experience as an artist. Factors influencing the inclination of the author to art; Styles of the literary works; Relation of the life of art practice of the author with her autobiography.

The paper describes our recent developments in automatic extraction of translation equivalents from parallel corpora. We describe three increasingly complex algorithms: a simple baseline iterative method, and two non-iterative more elaborated versions. While the baseline algorithm is mainly described for illustrative purposes, the non-iterative algorithms outline the use of different working hypotheses which may be motivated by different kinds of applications and to some extent by the languages concerned. The first two algorithms rely on cross-lingual POS preservation, while with the third one POS invariance is not an extraction condition. The evaluation of the algorithms was conducted on three different corpora and several pairs of languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two Sumerian mythological compositions share the motif of a god fighting a mountain. This paper will show that while the two accounts of the sumerian mythological composition differ significantly in many ways, they parallel one another closely with regard to how they portray the divine protagonists, the essential character of the antagonists, and their actions. Both stories involve a god fighting a mountain or a mountain-symbolizing stone, and both show close similarities in the phraseology used to describe the protagonists, the antagonists, and some of their actions.

In this paper I explore Nietzsche's thinking on the notions of nobility and the affirmation of life and I subject his reflections on these to criticism. I argue that we can find at least two understandings of these notions in Nietzsche's work which I call a 'worldly' and an 'inward' conception and I explain what I mean by each of these. Drawing on Homer and Dostoyevsky, the work of both of whom was crucial for Nietzsche in developing and exploring his notion of worldly nobility and affirmation, I then go on to argue that Nietzsche provides us with no concrete examples of worldly nobles and that, given his historicism, he cannot. Thus Nietzsche's thinking here is broken-backed. I turn, therefore, to explore the inward notions of nobility and affirmation. Discussing Montaigne and Napoleon in the context of Nietzsche's philosophy, I argue that we can make good sense in Nietzschean terms of someone's affirming his own life in an inward sense. This, however, opens up the difference between someone's affirming his own life and his affirming life überhaupt, and I argue that Nietzsche needs to be able to make sense not just of the former but also of the latter. Referring once again to Dostoyevsky, I suggest that Nietzsche can only do so by accepting the idea that all human beings possess dignity qua human beings. This thought is, however, one that he rejects. Thus Nietzsche's reflections in this area cannot be rendered finally plausible since they depend upon something which can find no room in his philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies several conditions in society and in the churches which limit church involvement in social concerns. It, then, briefly describes the origins of a group attempting to address these conditions: the Lafayette Urban Ministry (LUM). Finally, on the basis of their experience with LUM, the authors propose a general model for urban ministries which they feel also might assist in increasing church involvement in other communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about Paulo Freire and his influence on the perspective and application of literacy programming and interdisciplinary education through the arts. Portraiture, as used in this paper, is a collection of stories that illuminate historical, social, and cultural influences that connect (Reinharz, 1992) pedagogical theory requires educators and students to examine self, culture, and community. It also addresses issues of power, voice, conflict, class, gender, and race. Freire's philosophy and application illustrates the value be placed on education through life experiences/knowledge, the arts, and cultures of the people. In this papers, I present excerpts from Freire's 1996 conference presentation at Diadema, interviews with Freire, Francisco Brennand, a Brazil artist and co-worker of Freire, and Ana Mae Barbosa, past president of International Society of Education through Art, a professor at The University of São Paulo, and a student of Freire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the intellectual exchange and literary collaboration between John Garvin and Brian O'Nolan, exploring the dynamics of their relationship on three different levels. Professionally, Garvin was O'Nolan's superior when O'Nolan joined the Irish Civil Service in 1935, and he remained an influential senior figure in their department until O'Nolan left in 1953. On a literary level, Garvin read an early draft of the At Swim-Two-Birds manuscript and provided its epigraph (sourced from Euripides's Heracles), receiving editorial input from O'Nolan on his published writing on James Joyce in return. Socially, Garvin and O'Nolan belonged to an intellectual circle (including R. M. Smyllie, Alec Newman, Donagh MacDonagh, and Niall Montgomery) which brought together journalists, writers, and other Dublin professionals in the Palace Bar. This article argues for the significance of these collaborations by using first-hand accounts, letters, journalism, and critical work, including Garvin's 1976 book, James Joyce's Disunited Kingdom and the Irish Dimension. In doing so, the article reconstructs a dialogue that took place between bureaucratic methods of state administration and the aesthetic strategies of modernism, with Joyce at its centre, an exchange that shaped O'Nolan's poetics and exerted influence over his circle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the relationship between Brian O'Nolan's writing and his career as a civil servant in the Irish Department of Local Government and Public Health. O'Nolan's references to local government and the ambiguity of the law in Cruiskeen Lawn and The Third Policeman are placed in their proper historical context. By examining the contradictions of the Irish local government and local justice systems (from the pre-independence era to the Free State and successive administrations) a portrait emerges of O'Nolan as a writer of Irish biopolitics, who is concerned with the paradoxical relationship between national government and local organs of power. Biopolitical themes of legal and bureaucratic aporia are situated in the context of recent scholarly writing about the law, sovereignty, and the body in O'Nolan. The article also gives examples of historical episodes that were likely formative influences on his narrative style of political critique. From local issues such as land appropriation, to O'Nolan's role as secretary to the tribunal of inquiry into a fire at St Joseph's Orphanage in Cavan, a new image can be constructed of the author as a critic of Irish justice and a theorist of biopolitical concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review bubble measures which are commonly used in the experimental asset market literature. It seems sensible to require that measures of mispricing should (i) relate the fundamental value and price, (ii) be monotone in the difference between fundamental value and price, and (iii) be independent of the total number of periods and the absolute level of fundamental value. We show that none of the measures currently used fulfills all these criteria. To facilitate comparability across different experimental settings with different parameterizations we propose two alternative measures which fulfill all evaluation criteria. The measure for mispricing, RAD (relative absolute deviation), is calculated by averaging absolute differences between the (volume-weighted) mean price and the fundamental value across all periods and normalizing it with the absolute value of the average FV of the market. The measure for overvaluation, RD (relative deviation), is calculated analogously, but uses raw difference between (volume-weighted) mean prices and fundamental values. Hence, it provides information on whether the mispricing stems from over- or undervaluation of the asset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the use of time-bound in timeless narrative genre, the fairy tale. Through an extended reading of the Sleeping Beauty myth, the paper elucidates how the return to an old story allows an author, a culture, a reader, to meditate upon temporal boundaries and anxieties about progress. It notes that Beauty's suspension in a sleep that precludes her capacity to act and to create describes mid-Victorian cultural anxieties about stasis and determination.

In this article, the author will argues that much of this literature is based upon a mistake. The philosophy of language generally has no jurisprudential consequences. The fact that so many philosophers of law have thought otherwise has seriously hampered progress in the field, and not just because time, effort, and paper have been wasted. The philosophy of language appears to have jurisprudential consequences because of a mistake, which the author calls "Dworkin's fallacy" in honor of the most famous philosopher of law to have succumbed to it. This article will analyze the fallacy and describes its negative effects.

Profiles the works of Manilius, as criticized by Valentinus Acidalius. Publication of the translation of his poem; Explanation of why someone attributed the annotations to Gronovius; Identification of the papers discovered from the library of Gevartius.

Presents a response to author T.L. Short's review of literature on C.S. Peirce's philosophies. Concern raised by Short regarding the interpretation of Peirce's theories of the categories, signs and emotions; Difficulties found by Short in the interpretation; Comment on the subject of Peirce's categories.

In a rapidly advancing scientific discipline, new contributions will supersede older ones. This selection in favor of recent literature should be observable in the distribution of footnote citations in a given discipline, by age of article cited. However, the age distribution of citations also depends on the rate of growth of the disciplinary literature. The effects of growth of the literature and of selection favoring recent articles can be separated, if certain assumptions hold, by use of `in exponential model that expands and clarifies earlier findings by Price. This model provides a reasonably good fit to age-distributions of footnotes in several disciplines, and its application suggests that citations in sociology tend to refer to older articles than those in the natural sciences. A parameter in the model, measuring the degree of selectivity its favor of recent articles, can be estimated and may be useful in comparative studies of the communication systems of various disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physician empathy is declining due to an unproportionate focus on technical knowledge and skills. The medical humanities can counter this by allowing connection with our patients. This is a pilot study that aims to investigate the acceptability, efficacy, and feasibility of a humanities educational intervention to develop physician empathy. Methods: Junior doctors at the Division of Supportive and Palliative Care at the National Cancer Centre Singapore between July 2018 and June 2019 attended two small-group sessions facilitated by psychologists to learn about empathy using literature and other arts-based materials. Feasibility was defined as a completion rate of at least 80% while acceptability was assessed by a 5- question Likert-scale questionnaire. Empathy was measured pre- and post-intervention using Jefferson's Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) and the modified-CARE (Consultation and Relational Empathy) measure. Results: Seventeen participants consented, and all completed the programme. Acceptability scores ranged from 18 to 50 out of 50 (mean 38, median 38). There was an increase in JSPE scores (pre-test mean 103.6, SD=11.0 and post-test mean 108.9, SD=9.9; t (17) =2.49, P=.02). The modified-CARE score increased between pre-test mean of 22.9(SD=5.8) and a post-test mean of 28.5(SD=5.9); t (17) = 5.22, P<0.001. Conclusion: Results indicate that the programme was acceptable, effective, and feasible. The results are limited by the lack of longitudinal follow-up. Future studies that investigate the programme's effect over time and qualitative analysis can better assess its efficacy and elicit the participants' experiences for future implementation and refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this articole is to discover traces of humanitas in late antique and mediaval literature. Starting from the classic meaning of this notion, the paper finds three meaningful episodes: the controversy between Ambrosius and Symmachus about the Altar of Victory, the Dialogue of a Philosopher with a Jew and a Christian by Peter Abelard and the spread of the Life of Balaam and Josaphat. Through these examples, the article builds a new idea of humanitas, free from historical restricion, a blend of literary passion, acceptance of diversity and multiculturalism.

Recent years have seen an increase in the use of literature in the medical context with different objectives. Firstly, its use as a pedagogical tool for medical students has helped to improve essential professional competencies that are difficult to teach via traditional education in biology alone. Secondly, personal stories have become a very interesting way to understand how patients live with their disease. Finally, the usefulness of literary work as a tool for enhancing improvements in the quality of life of patients is starting to be recognised. In conclusion, literature constitutes an important educational element that can improve the doctor-patient relationship because it facilitates better understanding of illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much literature has focused on the influence of the World Bank with regard to policy reform in low-income countries. While this literature has been produced over the course of many decades, the underlying studies have not tended to take a multi-decade approach to examining the way that World Bank influence changes in a given country. Put differently, studies tend to examine specific periods of time rather than looking at influence over time. This article seeks to contribute to scholarship on World Bank influence by looking at a twenty-year period of World Bank engagement in Indonesia. The purpose is (a) to map the nature and influence of the World Bank as it engaged with the government of Indonesia (GOI) around education and development policy, (b) to reflect on how and why that engagement changed over time, and (c) to consider the implications of the study in relation to the broader literature on the evolution and current status of World Bank influence. The focus of this article is in the area of governance, where the World Bank has pushed and experimented with decentralization, community-driven development, and school-based management. While the article focuses on education policy, reforms in this area have been impacted by governance reforms more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study and analysis presents an argument for the integration of science into English courses in order to emphasis the usefulness of a Science, Technology, Education, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education. The idea for this approach arose after the implementation of a divisional initiative to create learning communities with a STEM cohort of students called Student Persistence and Retention via Curricula, Cohorts, and Centralization (SPARC3). This program and its purpose will be explored in relation to how and why the sciences should learn from the humanities and the humanities should learn from the sciences. The class detailed in this study uses science in order to teach academic communication, research, and logic in a college English course. In seeing issues commonly thought of as 'science topics' from a different perspective, the humanities help to stress analytical thinking, in-depth research, precise rhetoric, and effective communication, providing students with tools to approach scientific topics with more complex reasoning through literature, philosophy, and ethics. This study confirms that a new approach to science and the humanities is both necessary and beneficial to collegiate education due to the new demands of the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on interdisciplinary research in biology. An interdisciplinary team at the University of Reading, England, is working on a project which seeks to highlight the value to biological research from various approaches drawn from the humanities. The team at Reading has been focusing on two humanities disciplines, history and literature, and providing presentations on those areas that can be relevant for biologists.

The article focuses on the historical investigation of the death of Meir Alguades, a courtier, tax farmer, and patron of letters. It explores disciplinary failings by enlisting literary evidence and tools to fill a historical gap. It notes the difficulties in shaping reconstruction of the past. It also mentions about the relevance of Jewish prose sources which preserve fragments of the narrative.

The article discusses the various definition and identification of personification based on a host of modern principles as well as in James Thomson's "The Season." It mentions that personification is described as both a product and casualty and a change of things to persons. It relates that Thomson associates personification in his works to the instability of both persons and things and picture it as neither poetic, conventional and mechanical. It affirms that her uses personification in surprising and varied ways throughout his works.

The article focuses on the use of Homeric verses for magical literary sources. The verses were taken from different books of Iliad and Odyssey. Majority of Homeric verses used in magic were employed either to protect or to heal, but the exact origin of their usage is not known. According to cathartic poet, Orpheus, poetry in the classical period is closely coordinated with the eschatological needs of various initiatory ritual groups. It is believed that the music greatly contributed to health in curing specific ailments.

The article discusses the canonical collection of William Shakespeare's works in the 17th century. It has been said that Shakespeare's works, preserved in the first four Folios, included only plays. Furthermore, the attempt to bring a comprehensive collection of his poems in 1640, excluded the most celebrated poems like "Venus and Adonis" and "The Rape of Lucrece." However, in 1664 and a few years following that, a second issue of the Third and a Fourth Folio revealed that the previous Folios were not as comprehensive as it was perceived. Several plays and poems were added to the collection to make the Third and Fourth Folios as the accepted complete Shakespeare. Issues pertaining to authenticity are also tackled.

The article reports on recent studies in the English Renaissance. It presents an evaluation of various academic efforts dealing with literature of the English Renaissance and some remarks on the condition of the profession. Also included in the article is a price list and a full bibliography of the works obtained by "Studies in English Literature" (SEL) .

The article relates the author's experience with one of Africa's most prominent writers, Bessie Head, in the International Writing Program in August 1977. He explains the course of events when Head came in to the event. To give more light on the matter, Head's writings, and the works about her life and career are discussed and presented.

The article presents a criticism and interpretation of Plautus "Bacchides" 884-9, in which the slave Chrysalus threatens to fetch a kitchen utensil to stab the soldier and make him more severely wounded than soricina nenia. The article discusses the articles written to unravel the mystery of confossiorem soricina nenia.

The idea underlying this article was that the humanities in general and business ethics in particular should be more firmly embedded in business management programs. A number of areas have been identified for students to use as topics for research projects in management ethics. These ranged from Biblical and classical times to the present day. Some were drawn from sources that were less well known e.g. the De consolatione philosphiae ‘The Consolation of Philosophy’ by Boethius 524 AD. This was chosen partly for its ethical content, but also because Boethius was magister officiorum i.e. head of the civil service. Aelfred the Great (849–899) King of Wessex (he who burnt those cakes) was chosen because he promoted the intellectual, moral and spiritual qualities that were to serve as guidelines for his executives. Nineteenth century literature (Dickens, Thackeray, Trollope and Galsworthy) was also chosen as a source of topics for research projects in business ethics. The writer acknowledges the work of earlier writers in the fields of management, organisation theory, and business ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]