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The widespread availability of high spatial and temporal resolution public transit data is improving the measurement and analysis of public transit-based accessibility to crucial community resources such as jobs and health care. A common approach is leveraging transit route and schedule data published by transit agencies. However, this often results in accessibility overestimations due to endemic delays due to traffic and incidents in bus systems. Retrospective real-time accessibility measures calculated using real-time bus location data attempt to reduce overestimation by capturing the actual performance of the transit system. These measures also overestimate accessibility since they assume that riders had perfect information on systems operations as they occurred. In this paper, we introduce realizable real-time accessibility based on space–time prisms as a more conservative and realistic measure. We, moreover, define accessibility unreliability to measure overestimation of schedule-based and retrospective accessibility measures. Using high-resolution General Transit Feed Specification real-time data, we conduct a case study in the Central Ohio Transit Authority bus system in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Our results prove that realizable accessibility is the most conservative of the three accessibility measures. We also explore the spatial and temporal patterns in the unreliability of both traditional measures. These patterns are consistent with prior findings of the spatial and temporal patterns of bus delays and risk of missing transfers. Realizable accessibility is a more practical, conservative, and robust measure to guide transit planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ride-hailed shared autonomous vehicles (SAV) have emerged recently as an economically feasible way of introducing autonomous driving technologies while serving the mobility needs of under-served communities. There has also been corresponding research work on optimization of the operation of these SAVs. However, the current state-of-the-art research in this area treats very simple networks, neglecting the effect of a realistic other traffic representation, and is not useful for planning deployments of SAV service. In contrast, this paper utilizes a recent autonomous shuttle deployment site in Columbus, Ohio, as a basis for mobility studies and the optimization of SAV fleet deployment. Furthermore, this paper creates an SAV dispatcher based on reinforcement learning (RL) to minimize passenger wait time and to maximize the number of passengers served. The created taxi-dispatcher is then simulated in a realistic scenario while avoiding generalization or over-fitting to the area. It is found that an RL-aided taxi dispatcher algorithm can greatly improve the performance of a deployment of SAVs by increasing the overall number of trips completed and passengers served while decreasing the wait time for passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanborn Fire Insurance maps contain a wealth of building-level information about U.S. cities dating back to the late 19th century. They are a valuable resource for studying changes in urban environments, such as the legacy of urban highway construction and urban renewal in the 20th century. However, it is a challenge to automatically extract the building-level information effectively and efficiently from Sanborn maps because of the large number of map entities and the lack of appropriate computational methods to detect these entities. This paper contributes to a scalable workflow that utilizes machine learning to identify building footprints and associated properties on Sanborn maps. This information can be effectively applied to create 3D visualization of historic urban neighborhoods and inform urban changes. We demonstrate our methods using Sanborn maps for two neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio, USA that were bisected by highway construction in the 1960s. Quantitative and visual analysis of the results suggest high accuracy of the extracted building-level information, with an F-1 score of 0.9 for building footprints and construction materials, and over 0.7 for building utilizations and numbers of stories. We also illustrate how to visualize pre-highway neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Columbus, Ohio on April 18-21, 1965. The paper on the "The Use of Fodder and Livestock Units in Agricultural Geography: A Case Study of Soviet Land Use Policy," by John Anderson focuses on the need for better research tools in agricultural geography. The fodder unit, a concept development by livestock nutritionists, while having some limitations, appears to have some potential for research in agricultural geography.

Libraries can improve their ebook collections by weeding them to remove outdated and irrelevant content. This paper reports on an ebook weeding project conducted by the Franklin University Library in Columbus, Ohio. It discusses the library's reasons for weeding its ebooks, how the library weeded its demand driven acquisitions ("DDA") pool, and the challenges the library encountered weeding ebooks. The library ultimately conducted a more limited weeding of its ebook collection than initially planned. This paper explains the reasons for this limited weeding project, the decisions the library made throughout the project and the method used to conduct the ebook weeding project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the completion of American Foundry Society's (AFS) 116th Metal casting Congress in April 2012 in Columbus, Ohio. He says that the meeting discussed the latest in technological developments, research findings and best practices in the metal casting industry. He also focuses on the AFS's program having technical sessions and Casting Design & Purchasing sessions and shopfloor workshops.

In this editorial, we briefly summarized the International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine 2019 (ICIBM 2019) that was held on June 9–11, 2019 at Columbus, Ohio, USA. We further introduced the 19 research articles included in this supplement issue, covering four major areas, namely computational method development, genomics analysis, network-based analysis and biomarker prediction. The selected papers perform cutting edge computational research applied to a broad range of human diseases such as cancer, neural degenerative and chronic inflammatory disease. They also proposed solutions for fundamental medical genomics problems range from basic data processing and quality control to functional interpretation, biomarker and drug prediction, and database releasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transit systems are facing higher risk of system degradation from external disruptions, affecting their ability to deliver reliable accessibility to transit users. Therefore, resilience, the ability to maintain functions during a disruption, becomes a crucial assessment of public transit systems. In this paper, we calculate two space-time prism-based measures with General Transit Feed Specification real-time (GTFS-RT) data: realizable real-time accessibility, a conservative real-time accessibility measure that can be achieved by users subject to delays, and scheduled accessibility, accessibility based on schedule. We also define accessibility unreliability, the deviation between realizable accessibility and scheduled accessibility, to measure the reliability of delivered accessibility. We use the two measures to gauge the resilience of public transit systems and conduct two case studies of short- and long-term disruptions, namely Ohio State football games and the COVID-19 pandemic, on the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) bus system in Columbus, Ohio. We find there are two peaks of high unreliability before and after each football games, with the stadium as the geographic center of the disruption. The after-game peaks are shorter and more intense than the before-game. We also find COVID-19 had persistent negative impacts on accessibility and reliability: Realizable accessibility universally declined during the pandemic, but only part of cities experienced unreliability increase, primarily in urban perimeters and suburbs. Improved traffic conditions during the pandemic may help to reduce unreliability, but the later service cuts increased unreliability. The two case studies prove the effectiveness of the method to detect system disturbances and provide important guidance for public transit system operation and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous developments in automotive technology brought about the reality of having an increasing number of autonomous vehicles (AV) on roadways soon. However, this advancement comes with the uncertainty of how the interaction between the autonomous and non-autonomous (non-AV) vehicles will play out. Using traffic simulators to model both AVs and non-AVs, and studying the effect of AVs on roadway mobility can help researchers in learning what to expect in real life. In this paper, an open-source simulator called Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) was used to develop AVs by modifying Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) car following and LC2013 lane changing models. Then, three actual roadways in Columbus, Ohio were modeled, and 40 simulations were run for each traffic network. The first set of simulations focused on the impacts that AVs have on vehicle roadway mobility with non-AVs when all the AVs have the same autonomy level. The second set of simulations had mixed AV autonomy levels (SAE Level 2, 3 and 4) with mixed AV and non-AV traffic. The analysis revealed that mobility of AVs and non-AVs increased generally as autonomy level increased. When the AV autonomy levels were mixed, the non-AVs experienced lower average speeds and decreased roadway mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transit vehicles such as buses operate within shared transportation networks subject to dynamic conditions and disruptions such as traffic congestion. The operational delays caused by these conditions can propagate downstream through scheduled transit routes, affecting system performance beyond the initial delay. This paper develops an approach to measuring and assessing vehicle delay propagation in public transit systems. We fuse data on scheduled bus service with real-time vehicle location data to measure the originating, cascading and recovery locations of delay events across space with respect to time. We integrate the resulting patterns to construct stop-specific delay propagation networks. We also analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of propagating delays using parameters such as 1) transit line-based network distance, 2) total propagating delay size, and 3) distance decay. We apply our methodology using publicly available schedule and real-time location data from the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) public bus system in Columbus, Ohio, USA. We find that delay initiation is spatially and temporally uneven, concentrating on specific stops in downtown and specific suburban locations. Core stops play a critical role in propagating delays to a wide range of connected stops, eventually having a disproportional impact on the on-time performance of the bus system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic libraries across the United States provide student engagement events for a diverse set of reasons. Like many academic libraries, the University Library of Columbus (ULC) strives to provide student engagement opportunities to increase the library's visibility and student involvement on campus. In the Fall 2017 semester, a TED Talks series was developed and implemented. The chosen format for the series was to present a TED talk each Tuesday, followed by a brief discussion and a short survey of attendees. This paper shares an overview of the series implementation, promotion, evaluation, and progression during the 2017-2018 academic year, including attendees' feedback and author's recommendations. It suggests that a weekly series such as TED Talks provide a unique venue for academic libraries to engage their academic community on an ongoing basis and build relationships with new and existing patrons. The series can enhance existing library programming or serve as a standalone engagement and outreach initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dockless micromobility services have potential as a fast and flexible solution to short-distance trips and public transit's first-mile/last-mile (FM/LM) access problem; however, these services also have limitations, including uneven spatial distribution, low capacity, and user out of pocket expense. This can impact on the ability of micromobility to enhance public transit accessibility. We introduce accessibility increment measures – the amount by which public transit accessibility improves due to micromobility services. We apply these measures to hypothetical trips using public transit and micromobility data from Columbus, Ohio, USA. We find dockless scooters can increase accessibility by multimodal public transit trips, with increments in the first mile significantly outweighing last mile accessibility increments. Accessibility increments are highly concentrated in the city center due to the distributions of scooters and bus stops. We also find that scooters' accessibility increment contribution is highly unequal: a small number of scooters contribute most of the accessibility increments. Monetary cost simulations show that the first-mile accessibility increment will rapidly decrease and last-mile increment slightly increase with lower willingness to pay. Capacity simulations show a group of users' accessibility increment will rapidly decrease as the group size increases, but this depends on whether they are competing or collaborating for scooters. Our results show that despite showing promising potentials, vendors and policymakers still need to address these issues to make collaboration between public transit and dockless micromobility sustainable and equitable. The paper provides measures and evidence for future transit and micromobility planning for scooter vendors and transit authorities. • Micromobility can incrementally improve public accessibility. • Accessibility increments are greater for first mile public transit access than last mile. • Accessibility improvements are very unequal across space and mobile devices. • Ability to pay and capacity constraints limit accessibility improvements. • Collaboration between public transit and micromobility is promising but faces challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the Introduction to Urban Education, an experimental course that would receive transfer credit at any of the higher education institutions in Columbus, Ohio. As proposed, the course will be launched at Columbus State Community College and team-taught by a Columbus Public Schools middle school teacher and a teacher educator from one of the four-year universities. It details the conceptualization of the course. Evaluation criteria would include response paper, community mapping and synthesis paper.

The article presents abstracts of papers for the American Association of Physical Anthropologists' conference slated in April 2008 in Columbus, Ohio is presented. The article presents abstracts of papers for the American Association of Physical Anthropologists' conference slated in April 2008 in Columbus, Ohio is presented.

The article presents a paper that proposes a four step strategy for locating urban population service facilities. Although developed with regard to a specific problem, dealing with a system of public day care centers, the strategy has considerable generality and is applicable to a wide variety of situations and scales. Since population service agencies typically operate under budget, manpower, and other constraints that restrict the number and size of facilities and preclude serving the entire population, particular attention is given to applying the locational strategy to that situation. This includes illustrating the procedure by examining the need for public day care service among the poor in Columbus, Ohio, and locational options for a system of public day care centers in its Model Cities area. The total costs of implementing the locational strategy described in this paper were substantial. Those related to estimating and mapping the demand or need surface for day care service, which in itself would provide valuable information for a service or planning agency, are relatively small.

Columbus, Ohio has witnessed rapid growth in its Latino population as immigrants settle in the city to access jobs and a generally low cost of living. Immigrants also face discrimination as they settle in Columbus and interact with the city's citizens. In this paper, we note how discrimination plays out in social and economic isolation; a lack of programmes to support the incorporation of Latinos in the city; and state laws that target immigrants. We present results of ongoing ethnographic work with the Latino community in Columbus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on urban growth and vitality suggests that gay men concentrate in high quality of life cities, indicated by high-tech development, diversity, and city amenities. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the degree to which theories of urban renewal and economic development-including Florida's creative class-can explain the neighborhood-level distribution of lesbians and gays within a city. Using 2000 U.S. Census data, tax parcel data, and other data sources, we conduct multivariate spatial regression to investigate the distribution of lesbians and gays in Columbus, Ohio, and their relationship to diversity, openness, and amenities. While the neighborhood distribution of gay men is associated with many of these characteristics, lesbian housing patterns are not. We do, however, find both lesbians and gays concentrate in tracts with other gay and lesbian households and that gay residential patterns are influenced by gay concentration in neighboring tracts suggesting that geographic clustering may also be a protective mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet and the World Wide Web have influenced the new approaches taken in teaching and learning at institutions of higher learning. The nature of the courses offered, the geographical spread of the teaching sites as well as the diverse and distributed student population are the catalysts for the changes. These non-traditional, or distant learners, have emerged as a significant subset of the student population, however, they are usually at a disadvantage because they do not have access to the information experts who would be able to assist them with their reference and research queries. Many libraries have adapted innovative e-reference services in the mainstream of their operations to bridge this divide. In 2009 the author received the 2008 Fulbright Visiting Researcher Scholar Fellowship and explored the theme “Digital Reference Services—Trends, Use and Implications for Academic Libraries in Jamaica.” The author was based at Syracuse University from September to November 2008, and visited other libraries such as the Ohio State University and the University of Illinois in the United States of America. This paper seeks to provide an overview of the research project that was undertaken. The findings presented are based on review of academic discourses through literature, interviews and observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the lessons learned by our collaborative, transdisciplinary team while developing a pilot/demonstration educational health campaign geared toward underserved communities in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The objective of the current study was to determine the feasibility of a campaign to raise awareness of the association between family history and cancer risk and to inform individuals of the availability of Jameslink, an online familial cancer risk assessment tool. The research team included members of The Ohio State University Primary Care Research Institute, which includes a unique combination of expertise in Genetics, Behavioral Science, Social and Health Psychology, Communication, Medicine, and Methodology. The experience of the team in developing university and community partnerships, identifying stakeholders and formulating campaign messages is described. Groups who aided in this process as well as the perspectives they brought to the project are discussed. The lessons learned may be helpful to those developing similar community health projects. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cataloging Department at the Ohio State University Library continuously reviews workflow to see which areas need improvement. In 2004, the Cataloging Department began receiving complaints about the time it took to locate unprocessed materials within Technical Services. Locating these materials was difficult and time consuming, causing problems for both patrons and staff. The author reports on a project that examined the workflow of unprocessed materials in the Cataloging Department at Ohio State. Using the instructional design ADDIE model, a new workflow was designed and implemented to ensure that items could be located, processed, and delivered to patrons in a timely manner. The paper concludes with suggestions applicable to other libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 2002 and early 2003, the Serials and Electronic Resources Department of The Ohio State University Libraries collected for correction a total of 864 nonfunctional URLs in bibliographic records for electronic resources on subscription. This paper identifies the types of errors found and reports the proportion of success versus failure to correct the URLs and restore access to the affected titles. Of the URLs examined, 54% were from .gov websites, with the remainder evenly distributed between .edu, .org, .com, and other websites. The high proportion of nonfunctional government (.gov) URLs may be due to the period of collections and might have been affected by the September 11, 2001 attack. Overall, 15% of the affected URLs ultimately did not require changes; 70% required some type of correction; and 14% could not be corrected (percentages are rounded). The article concludes with a discussion of policy implications for review and ongoing maintenance of URLs in the library's online catalog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with implementation challenges related to using dynamic traffic assignment on actual large urban networks. Such challenges include the manipulation of network and demand data, the modeling of turning movements, the efficient computation of link travel times, and the handling of complex path data. The basic simulation-assignment based approach introduced by Mahmassani et al. in 1993 was enhanced to address the challenges outlined above. The model is used on applications presently performed by agencies with static transportation planning models, such as infrastructure improvements, demand management, and congestion pricing. In addition, various applications that are difficult to perform with static models are explored, such as the evaluation of Intelligent Transportation Systems technologies. Computational tests are performed on the Columbus, Ohio urban network and the results are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the RESOLVE approach for introducing component-basedsoftware engineering (CBSE) early in the undergraduate CS curriculum, andan evaluation of its impact at two institutions. Principles taught includea modular style of software development, human understandable, yet formally-specifiedcomponent behavior, maintainability, as well as ‘classical’ issuessuch as efficiency analysis and reasoning. Qualitative and quantitative evaluationsof student outcomes and end-to-end changes in student attitudes show mostlypositive results that are statistically significant, confirming that (1) CBSEprinciples can be taught without displacing essential classical principles,(2) students can understand and reuse components based on mathematical specifications,and (3) student attitudes towards software engineering can be altered in directionsheretofore often assumed to be difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I propose a generational model of continuity and change in social movements. Building on political generation and cohort replacement theories, I offer three propositions about generational processes in social movements: (1) The collective identity of an activist cohort remains consistent over time, contributing to movement continuity; (2) cohorts construct different collective identities based on the external contexts and internal conditions of the movement at the time they enter; (3) cohort replacement contributes to change in social movements. These three generational processes interact with organizational factors and political opportunity structures to shape movement continuity and change. I illustrate these propositions by drawing on an in-depth case study of the women's movement from 1969 to 1992 in Columbus, Ohio, and I suggest key questions about generational processes in other cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ohio Historical Society (OHS) began the Ohio Labor History Project in 1975 to locate, inventory, acquire, preserve, and provide access to labor union records and personal papers of Ohio labor leaders and to conduct oral history interviews. Initial funding came from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Ohio American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), the Labor Education Research Services of the Ohio State University at Columbus and OHS. Since 1979 the Society's manuscripts department, through continuing support from the Ohio General Assembly, has expanded the collections and conducted extensive research into the history of Ohio labor. The majority of collections at OHS are of local unions in the central Ohio area, but district and regional headquarters for many internationals are located in Columbus and larger central labor bodies also are included. The Ohio AFL-CIO Records for the years 1922-1984 cover nearly all aspects of organized labor in the state, including material on the important defeat of the right-to-work campaign in 1958. The Columbus-Franklin County AFL-CIO, Newark Area AFL-CIO Council, and the Columbus-Franklin County Building and Construction Trades Council records also are at OHS.

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the relative effects of neighboring and residential satisfaction on the psychological well-being of urban elders. It also examines these relationships within the context of the elders' personal resources-socioeconomic status, health, and mobility. The data were obtained from a random digit-dial sample of 254 noninstitutionalized urban elders living in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. Based on a structural equation analysis using Sender's EQS. the findings show limited support for the neighborhood effects. However, these effects did not hold up when personal resources were included in the model. Thus it is concluded that the relationship between residential satisfaction and psychological well-being is an artifact of their mutual relationship with personal resources. People with health, money, and mobility have high psychological well-being, and they also have the resources to assure themselves of a favorable residence - one in which they feel safe, are satisfied with the physical condition of the place, have solid housing that meets their needs, and are as close as they desire to things, institutions, and people that matter to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the impact of making the research paper longer to researchers in Columbus, Ohio. A study conducted by Krzysztof Stanek of the Ohio State University in Columbus reveals that these citations play a vital role in their research because the longer the paper, the more citations they received. In an analysis of 30,027 peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2004, the median number of citations increases with the length of the paper. Jörg Dietrich of the European Southern Observatory in Germany believes that longer paper are more useful because it contain more information.

The article highlights the 2005 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show held in Columbus, Ohio. Several papers were presented on a variety of subjects ranging from magnetic participle and dye penetrant testing to automated non-destructive evaluation for aerospace applications including the 2005 Mehl Honour Lecture by Eugene Reinhart. The ASNT Fall Conference will be held in Houston, Texas on October 23-27, 2006.

This article presents information on the Justice for Children project established at Ohio State University College of Law in Columbus. The project's mission is to explore ways in which the law may be used to improve the experiences of children by engaging in original scholarship and research, educating students in the law while considering the insights of other disciplines, and constructing and pursuing legal and nonlegal solutions to many of the intractable problems confronting children. Drawing on the substantive expertise and interests of the faculty, the project began as a joint venture of the College of Law and its Socio-Legal Studies Center. In November 1995, the College of Law and the center sponsored its first annual conference. Entitled Justice for Children-Meeting the Basic Needs of Children: Defining Public and Private Responsibilities, the conference attracted lawyers, scholars, and researchers from a number of different disciplines. The inter-disciplinary papers presented focused on the public role in the private family. Building on the success of that conference, the law faculty unanimously approved the creation of a Justice for Children Practicum within the law school curriculum.

The article presents a white paper about technology and engineering from the Ohio Academy of Science at Columbus. It notes that the natural world tends to be changed by technology through innovative processes, systems, structures and devices intended to extend human abilities. It adds that engineering is responsible for the development and application of technology. It also mentions that engineering improves technology while technology makes civilization.

The article highlights the 18th International Kodály Symposium held in Columbus, Ohio on August 3-10, 2007. The event was presented by the Organization of American Kodály Educators (OAKE). It started with a Gala Concert presented by participants from the summer course at the Kodály Institute at Capital University. Workshops and papers were presented each day during the event. The World Children's Choir performed during the symposium.

The article focuses on the 2002 Fifth Annual Kellogg's Hannah Neil World of Children Awards ceremony. It was held on November 16, 2002 in Columbus, Ohio. Honorees were selected from a pool of 161 nominees from 27 countries for the three separate awards. The $100,000 Kellogg's Child Development Award was awarded to CINDE (del Centro Internacional de Educacion y Desarrollo Humano) founder Glendon P. Nimnicht. CINDE was cited for "improving the quality of life of those living in poverty in the United States, Latin America and Third World countries." T. Berry Brazelton, M.D., winner of the $100,000 Cardinal Health Children's Care Award, is the author of 30 books and 200 scholarly papers. He has treated many thousands of pediatric patients, trained and inspired hundreds of pediatric fellows, and delivered thousands of lectures around the world. Other honorees included Luke Hingson from Pennsylvania, whose Brother's Brother Foundation provides medicine, medical supplies and textbooks to need children throughout the world.

Reports on the 2000 Barnett Arts and Public Policy Symposium in the Ohio State University College of the Arts in Columbus, Ohio. Theme of the symposium; Issues addressed by keynote papers and panel presentations; Speakers at the event.

Information about several papers discussed at the annual conference of the Ohio Association of Supervisors and Teachers of Sight-Saving Classes in Columbus, Ohio on May 3, 1941 is presented. The programs included a report on research on the improvement of sight-saving classes, demonstration of the dictaphone and talking book as sight-saving devices, as well as a symposium on the idea of sight-saving classes.