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To study the life expectancy and difference in aging resistance properties of different modern repair bamboo papers, hydrothermal/dry-heat ageing experiments on repair bamboo paper samples were conducted. The mechanical strength (tensile strength and folding endurance) of different papers during the ageing process were analyzed. Furthermore, the chemical properties (degree of polymerization and pH) of the samples were tested to search for the immanent cause of paper ageing. The results indicated that the ageing resistance ability and durability of modern repair paper are strongly related to their production process, which corresponds with the initial properties of the paper. Mechanical pulp had a low degradation resistance, which was further exacerbated by the chemical bleaching process. In the long run, traditional handmade papers with solar bleaching processes will have longer-term stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates from the WPR approach how educational digitalization is discursively constructed in China by analysing how policy papers construct different kinds of subject positions for educators and the educated. The paper identifies non-coherences at two levels. First, digital technology is alternatively profiled as a solution and as a cause of problems. Second, the subjectivities ascribed to educational actors oscillate between opposing poles. Students are expected to be creative, critical thinkers and they are required to leave crucial decisions over what to learn to digital tools. Teachers are seen as deserving technological support in the handling of countless tasks, and they are presented as objects of distrust. Parents are portrayed as deficient beings in need of re-education and as influential players entitled to monitor students and teachers. This article reveals a particular Chinese style of governance which encourages self-management and imposes disciplinary techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My comments concern the significant errors in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. The diffraction patterns are erroneously analysed and the final chemical composition is different than those supposed in the paper. There are also some manipulations with data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate two research questions using a recent statewide transition from paper to computer-based testing: first, the extent to which test mode effects found in prior studies can be eliminated; and second, the degree to which online and paper assessments offer different information about underlying student ability. We first find very small mode effects for a more recent transition in Massachusetts. Second, we investigate the predictive evidence of validity for paper and online tests for predictions of future test scores and grades. We generally find minimal differences for the extent to which scores on paper tests can differentially predict future online versus paper test scores. Finally, online and paper test scores are similarly predictive of future grade point average. We conclude that the online test penalty can vary substantially by test and that extreme care should be taken when administering online tests to some students and paper tests to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates retracted articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Brazil, using bibliometric techniques to identify the characteristics of these retractions and relevant citation trends. All records of retracted articles from the first record in October 2004 to April 2022 were included. Sixty-seven retractions and 870 citations pre- and post-retraction were analyzed. Results indicate a change of scenario that began in 2015, with recurrences of retracted articles allegedly produced by paper mills. The prevalence of retractions derived from professional misconduct in health research and the frequency of post-retraction citations in health sciences raise concerns in the chain of stakeholders, public health, and scientific development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main source of cellulose/nanocellulose plants (lignocellulose) depends on the origin, type, and environmental condition the cellulose (Ebitsubo et al. [6]; Wang et al. [36]). FESEM images of extracted nanocellulose by three % of alkali and acid methods: (A) NaOH(5%)+H2SO4(50%); (b) NaOH (5%)+H2SO4(50%)+Ethanol+Sonication; and (C) NaOH (10%)+H2SO4(65%) Figure 2 presents the micrographs and EDX data of optimized extracted nano cellulose, commercial cellulose, and egg tray powder to understand the morphological differences. Highlights Extraction of nanocellulose fibers from local bio-waste egg trays Extracted cellulose is similar and extremely cheaper than commercial nanocellulose Chemical and mechano-ball mill process used for the extraction of nanocellulose Footnotes 1 AbbreviationsEgg tray powder (ETP); Commercial Nano-cellulose (CNC); Extracted Nano-cellulose (ENC). Keywords: Bio-waste; egg trays; chemical treatment; morphology; crystallinity; ; ; ; ; EN Bio-waste egg trays chemical treatment morphology crystallinity ZH 8582 8592 11 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Cellulose is the most attractive material for both scientists and industry because of its abundant, renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, recycling resources on the earth (Mohamed et al. [20]; Mohanty, Misra, and Drzal [21]). [Extracted from the article]

BackgroundMethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsThis paper considers weaknesses in a study by Cohen et al. (2006) on the impacts of community singing on health. These include high demand characteristics, lack of attention to attrition, flawed statistical analysis, and measurement. Nevertheless, the study is uncritically cited, in evidence reviews, with findings taken at face value.Google Scholar, SCOPUS and BASE citation functions for Cohen et al. identified 32 evidence reviews in peer-reviewed journals. Eleven of these reviews, published between 2010 and 2023, focused on creative arts interventions.We demonstrate limitations in the Cohen et al. research which undermine the conclusions they reach regarding the health benefits of group singing. Subsequent evidence reviews take the findings at face value and offer little critical commentary.We consider what is needed to improve evidence reviews in the field of creative arts and health research.A more robust approach is needed in reviewing research evidence in the field of arts and health. The Cohen et al. paper is not suitable for inclusion in future evidence reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a growing shift in Early Childhood Education from paper-based observation and documentation practices to digital documentation systems such as 'e-portfolios' and 'online learning journeys'. Here, we bring a multimodal lens to these new practices and consider the potential of digital documentation for democratic assessment practices that recognise and value all children's learning, particularly children who are living with disadvantage or in the early stages of learning English. Reporting on participatory ethnographic case studies of three diverse multicultural early years settings in London, we illustrate how digital documentation opens new possibilities for capturing the dynamic and embodied vibrancy of young children's learning and can make children's documentation more accessible to children and their parents. However, many digital documentation systems are currently designed primarily for adults, rather than for children to access and contribute to their own documentation. We suggest that adult-oriented design risks marginalising the child's voice as documentation moves from paper-based to digital formats. Our findings call for collaboration between researchers, educators and digital documentation systems designers to ensure that these relatively new tools support democratic and inclusive assessment practices, where all children's meaning-making, in whatever form, is recognised, celebrated and shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the United States' population grows via migration and immigration, with this rise in diverse identities, there has been increasing concern regarding disparities for undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. with limited access to the health system. Given the various constraints involving communication and social structures that undocumented immigrants face, a culture-centered approach is drawn on to investigating how this group goes about navigating a dominant health system given their restricted access. I explore co-constructed themes that emerged through conversations with undocumented immigrants, (people without papers as I call them in this work) living in the United States to gain an understanding as to the structural and cultural limitations faced by this group. By doing qualitative semi-structured interviews with local participants living in the South Florida region, I describe the various features of a complex U.S. health system that undocumented immigrants (people without papers) deemed as important obstacles that limit their willingness to interact with official medical spaces. This work draws on narratives and accounts to shed light on the intersection of disparities this group has to overcome in order to consider entering a medical space to receive the treatment they might need. The findings of this article highlighted the structural violence that certain subaltern groups, such as people without papers experience due to their limited access to foundational systems in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China's paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China's paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project interrogates the United States’ national fixation on the answer to the question: Who are you? In this article, it is posed that identity documentation practices arising out of the Chinese Exclusion Act era cast identity as an empirical and immutable phenomenon, specifically in response to the racialization of American-born Chinese settlers as duplicitous, through the mechanisms that information is collected, the actual information itself, and the cross-references or connections created between cases. Through tracing this lineage, racialized identification data is identified and theorized as part of hegemonic data regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Tyranny and Revolution: Rousseau to Heidegger" by Waller R. Newell explores the concept of freedom and revolution in the political philosophy of German thinkers from Rousseau to Heidegger. The book examines how these philosophers viewed freedom and revolution as interconnected, with revolution often seen as a means to restore or simulate the lost freedom of humanity. The author also discusses the influence of classical Greek political thought on these philosophers and their critiques of modernity. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical tradition and its implications for understanding freedom and revolution. [Extracted from the article]

To exclusively report the clinical category of mechanical secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) secondary to the caruncle and plica hypertrophy. Prospective interventional case series involving 10 consecutive eyes with megalocaruncle and plica hypertrophy were enrolled in the study. All patients presented with epiphora secondary to a demonstratable mechanical obstruction of the puncta. All patients underwent high magnification slit-lamp photography and Fourier-domain ocular coherence tomography scans (FD-OCT) of the tear meniscus height (TMH) pre- and post-operatively at 1-month and 3-months. Caruncle and plica size, position, and their relationship to the puncta were noted. All patients underwent partial carunculectomy. Primary outcome measures were demonstrable resolution of the mechanical obstruction of the puncta and the reduction in the tear meniscus height. The secondary outcome measure was the subjective improvement of the epiphora. The mean age of the patients was 67 years (range: 63–72 years). The average TMH was 843.1 (range: 345–2049) microns pre-operatively and 195.1(91–379) microns at 1-month follow-up. All patients reported significant subjective improvement in epiphora at 6-months follow-up. One patient had bilateral granuloma at the surgical site at two weeks and was managed by simple excision and topical tapering steroids. Histopathology revealed hyperplastic epithelium with goblet cells with chronic inflammatory cells in the sub-epithelial region and the stroma. The role of the caruncle in the causation of mechanical SALDO needs to be carefully assessed in patients beyond the sixth decade. Excellent objective and subjective outcomes can be achieved by a partial carunculectomy and plica semilunaris excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discuss the clinical spectrum and management strategies in patients with post-traumatic canalicular fistula (PTCF). Retrospective, interventional case series of consecutive patients diagnosed with PTCF over a 6-year study period between June 2016 and June 2022. The demographics, mode of injury, location, and communication of the canalicular fistula were noted. The outcomes of several management modalities including dacryocystorhinostomy, lacrimal gland therapies, and conservative approaches were assessed. Eleven cases with PTCF over the study period were included. The mean age at presentation was 23.5 years (range: 6–71 years), with male: female ratio of 8:3. The median time interval between trauma to presentation at the Dacryology clinic was 3 years (range: 1 week to 12 years). Seven had iatrogenic trauma and four had the canalicular fistula following primary trauma. Management modalities pursued include conservative approach for minimal symptoms, and dacryocystorhinostomy, dacryocystectomy, and lacrimal gland botulinum toxin injection. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (range: 3-months−6 years). PTCF is a complex lacrimal condition and the management of the PTCF needs a tailored approach guided by its nature and location and patient symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability demands circular and material solutions with an emphasis on using local resources. Using alternative fibers from invasive plants and agro-residue promotes local production in smaller paper mills, which have additional benefits for the environment (protecting the local species, reducing agro-industrial waste). In electrophotography printing, toner adhesion is a vital quality parameter showing the prints' resistance against different mechanical stress, leading to toner particle detachment. This study tested six different papers made from invasive plants Japanese Knotweed, Black Locust, Canadian Goldenrod, agro-industrial residues Miscanthus, and Tomato stems and waste jute bags. The papers were printed with electrophotography, and three different toner adhesion methods were used to evaluate the toner adhesion. Paper properties like roughness, surface energy and surface resistivity were tested. The results indicate that uncoated agro-industrial residue and invasive plant papers with low surface roughness, low surface energy and high surface resistivity result in low toner adhesion. The cellulose content of the papers acquired with FTIR analysis did not influence the adhesion. Papers with surface energy over 35 mJ/m2 and surface resistivity below 5E + 1012 Ω values resulted in excellent paper toner adhesion (high IGT printability tester and tape pull test). High grammage and long fibers also improved the adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in wood properties such as basic density, tissue proportion, fibre dimensions and their derived indices, cellulose and lignin content of Melia dubia at five age gradations were examined to evaluate the suitability of the species for pulp and paper production. The study showed that basic density, fibre proportion, fibre length, cell wall thickness, slenderness ratio, solids factor, cellulose and lignin content increased with tree age. However, vessel proportion, fibre width and lumen width decreased. Most of the wood properties were found suitable for making good quality pulp and paper at the age of 4 and 5 years in comparison to other hardwood species among five age gradation. Hence, harvesting at fourth and fifth year of age is suggested in M. dubia for high pulp yield and better paper quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anatomical and chemical properties of a lesser known species, Kawui wood, were investigated Two trees were examined based on IAWA, ASTM and SNI. A completely randomised design was used with radial direction of the trunk (sapwood and heartwood) as the factor, in three replications. It indicated the highest to lowest cell proportions are fibres, rays, vessels and parenchyma. The highest proportion of rays was in the sapwood, while the fibre was in the heartwood. However, the average fibre length in the sapwood was higher than the heartwood, while the lumen diameter showed the reverse. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash content of the sapwood was higher than the heartwood. Based on its anatomical and chemical properties, Kawui wood can be included in grade II–IV, which is suitable for medium quality pulp and paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comments provided in this document are a response to a study conducted by Professor Jean-Pierre Pascal on the inertia forces in roller test rigs. The comments address concerns raised by Professor Pascal regarding a statement made in a previous paper. The comments highlight the limitations of using roller test rigs for longitudinal wheelset motion and emphasize the need for three-dimensional models to accurately capture the effects of inertia forces on contact forces. The document also points out several fundamental problems with the planar example used in Professor Pascal's paper. Overall, the comments suggest that further research is needed to fully understand the impact of longitudinal velocity on motion trajectories and contact forces. [Extracted from the article]

The paper describes a smart model for palletising as main intra-logistics task for product-on-pallet distribution, and its development in Logistics 4.0 framework aligned to Industry 4.0. The model is developed in holonic paradigm as a 2-layer Holonic Logistics Execution System (HLES) in semiheterarchical topology. Scheduling of logistics activities and allocation to resources are optimised for global efficiency on compact time periods. The logistics model virtualises physical entities: resources, pallets and orders as holons implemented with digital twin software, and categories of task workloads: resource health monitoring, dispatching and tracking pallet orders, re-assigning jobs at resource failure, which grants reality-awareness and robustness. Global workload optimisation uses Constraint Programming as decision making technology with ILOG optimiser engine as situation-specific solver tool in SaaS cloud model, and delegate multi-agent system (MAS) technology for intelligence distribution. The optimised objective function is a combination of palletising cost weighted by robot speed limits and pallet storage cost in payable stocks. The main constructs are exemplified and validated on a real-life structure with multiple palletising resources in which programmable logic controllers (PLC) coordinate locally the parallel execution of order holons according to their globally optimised sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic pretreatment could improve the accessibility of enzymes to cellulosic fibers, hence expanding the access of enzymes to effectively remove ink from paper. In this study, enzymes were isolated from paddy rice husks and utilized for biodeinking process. The characterizations of deinking from the pulp filtrate and paper samples were carried out to understand the effect of bacterial cellulases and ultrasonic pretreatment with time variables. The results showed that cellulases from bacterial isolates had the ability to hydrolyze cellulose at 1.78 U/mL enzyme activity. Ink content measurement showed 2310 ppm of ink was removed in the paper samples with 15 min of ultrasound pretreatment and 2% cellulases. Meanwhile, morphological analysis showed significant differences in the surface areas between treated and untreated paper samples. The highest crystallinity index achieved was 70.9%, and thermal resistance was 21.0%. Other paper qualities such as stain decrease, and brightness level improvement were observed. The combination of 2% cellulases with optimum ultrasonication duration resulted in exceptional wastepaper recycling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although various academic disciplines use data papers to support effective research practices, data papers are still uncommon in the educational sciences. Main goals of data papers are enhancing transparency regarding research processes and supporting data sharing among researchers and thus, open science. As many educational research projects include personal data often of minors, publishing raw data can be challenging due to privacy regulations and laws (GDPR). The present article aims at exploring how a data paper can contribute to open science and enhancing transparency regarding research and publication processes for educational research projects, often containing personal data that cannot be made openly available in its raw form. To this end, we describe a dataset of a research project on teachers' noticing as basis for their classroom management. As this project includes rich process-tracing recording methods, the dataset is diverse and serves as basis for multiple analyses and publications while containing personal data of teachers and minors. By elaborating on the characteristics of the dataset, its gathering, analysis approaches and sharing preprocessed and anonymized data files, this data paper explores how to contribute to transparency and open science in educational sciences while acting within the boundaries set by privacy regulations and laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The not-so-bygone worlds of music and colonialism in the twentieth century have yielded a wealth of scholarly 'paper knowledge' in the twenty-first of which to build off new archival-musicological work. This article takes a particular archiving direction by turning to paper itself – and pivots the postcolonial pen around the texts and textures of re-engaging colonial history in postcolonial music scholarship. I explore these writing stakes through my adopted narrative of 'the post/colonial music archive', as shaped by paper and paper's sounding elements of tone and voice. Crisscrossing between the colonial moment and the postcolonial pen, I straddle this developing narrative of the archive, and the registers and inflections of extant source narration for what they can jointly vocalize about the music making of the Municipal Brass Band in 1930s treaty port Shanghai, and the Sino-British Club in postwar colonial Hong Kong – two ostensible musical worlds of 'Britain in China' in the twentieth century, here thrown into disarray by the post/colonial archive's own inchoate, counter-tales. Ultimately, in this process, postcolonial music scholarship gains further traction and meaning as a multi-articulating inquiry – and a turn of mind that does not let colonial history and its persistent challenges for writing go askew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Nazi Germany (1933–45), reclaiming waste became an intrinsic component of the regime's economy as well as its ideological, racial, and expansionist ambitions. National Socialist interventions into waste streams began in 1934 with salvage campaigns. The state then brought urban waste policies and municipal waste services under its control, restructuring and 'Aryanising' the waste salvage trade. Moreover, both consumers and producers were prompted to collect and reprocess waste. Over time, the gradual expansion of the Nazi waste recovery policies and campaigns – here referred to as the 'Nazi waste exploitation regime' – brought forth a determined vision of a circular economy in which no waste whatsoever should escape its reclamation for the national community or Volksgemeinschaft. This article sketches the actors, structures, and objectives of this waste exploitation regime for the case of rags and paper and uncovers its entanglement with Nazi racist and genocidal ideology and expansionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following is a discussion of papers by Kozlowski and Lentz that explore the presence of mortality in the analytic relationship. The author reflects on challenges to the dyad, the vulnerability of the analyst, and how the individual and analytic pair may confront their existential reality separately or together. The author includes the idea of "death origin stories" to emphasize that mortality has a presence throughout the life of the individual; she suggests how psychoanalytic theory and technique may be enhanced by including an explanation of the earliest penetration of death into consciousness and whether this lens may enhance our sensitivity to mortality and our ability to manage loss and endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ethiopia, the dairy cows' major feed resources are natural pasture and crop residues, both of which are nutritionally low and do not even satisfy the maintenance requirement. Consequently, dairy productivity per head is low in the country. This paper reviews the existing knowledge of negative energy balance (NEB) and summarizes its implication on production and reproduction parameters, as well as the monitoring tools as a means of intervention in minimizing the effect on dairy cows. The presence of NEB in late gestation and early lactation of dairy cows could contribute to both short and long-term negative effects on production and reproduction ability. Lower body condition, reduced milk production, a change in the milk fat to protein ratio, an increasing incidence of health problems, a late time to become estrus, delayed ovarian cycle, and a lower conception rate are the common implications. Through the knowledge created so far, it can be concluded that NEB is almost a common phenomenon in transitional high milking dairy animals, but there is a possibility to shorten its persistence through strategic supplementation using the NEB monitoring tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prophylaxis with emicizumab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody that mimics FVIII function, has shown encouraging results in clinical trials in terms of efficacy and safety. However, current experience is limited, and many areas of concern to clinicians have yet to be reviewed. This paper reviews the experience of hemophilia A patients treated with emicizumab based on the results of clinical trials and real-life studies. The authors place special emphasis on issues such as the management of these patients in situations of hemorrhage and/or surgical interventions, joint health or laboratory monitoring. Treatment with emicizumab has been shown to improve joint health and reduce bleeding, of particular interest to patients with inhibitors and high bleeding rates. However, there are still concerns about its administration in neonates and previously untreated patients due to limited reported experience. Laboratory monitoring is not strictly necessary due to the stable pharmacokinetics emicizumab has been shown to exhibit, however, tests that globally assess hemostasis may be useful especially in cases of bleeding or surgery. The authors are also of the opinion that prophylaxis before minor surgery is not necessary and that major surgeries can be safely performed with additional prophylactic coagulation factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very recently, P. Saha et al. [A global optimality result in probabilistic spaces using control function. Optimization. 2021;70:2387–2400] studied the existence of best proximity points for Banach type ϕ-proximal contractions in the framework of Menger probabilistic metric spaces. In this paper, we present a simple proof of their main existence result which is based on a fixed point theorem for ϕ-contractive self-mappings in complete Menger PM-spaces due to B.S. Choudhury and K. Das [A new contraction principle in Menger spaces. Acta Math Sin. 2008;24:13791386]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and rhodamine B (RhB) were physically mixed to construct a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensor (CQDs@RhB) for the quantitative and visual detection of Hg2+. After adding Hg2+, the emission peak of CQDs at 445 nm was quenched and the peak of RhB at 575 nm remained unchanged; the ratio of the two emission peaks had a linear relationship with the Hg2+ concentration. The CQDs@RhB had a detection range of 0–15 µM and the limit of detection (LOD) is 65.93 nM and a color change from blue to pink was visible to the naked eye under ultraviolet light. The study revealed a static quenching mechanism of CQDs@RhB. The established method was successfully applied to the detection of Hg2+ in real water and rice samples with satisfactory results. In addition, a portable fluorescent paper-based sensor platform was developed using computer software assistance. The relationship with Hg2+ concentration was constructed by converting the pictures obtained under ultraviolet light to RGB color mode for visualization and quantitative detection of Hg2+. This study provides a valuable strategy for constructing a rapid detection system for Hg2+ in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed a proof-of-concept methodology for the investigation of paper samples by utilizing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy supported by chemometric methods. An attempt on the analysis of aged writing papers due to the degradation of their chemical constituents with time has been made. The degradation of its constituents with time is directly linked to the age of the paper since its production. This further links the questioned document with the fraudster, and sometimes it becomes crucial information in the court of law to reach to conclusion. The present study offers a method to discriminate, and estimate the age of unknown writing paper. The statistical models like Curve Estimation (CE), multiple linear regressions (MLR), and partial least squares regression (PLSR), are built to predict the age of the papers. The maximum dating errors are in the CE model whereas, MLR and PLSR models show excellent age estimation of unknown paper with minimum error of ±5 days and ±3 days in actual and estimated date of artificial ageing respectively. The present methodology is expected to provide valuable insight for answering the queries related to the date/age of the suspected document documents/paper artefacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on findings of a series of interviews conducted with 27 archivists on the topic of grief and other emotions in archival work. Centering the words of the interviewed archivists and demonstrating a research ethic of deep listening, this article describes how the interviewed archivists encounter and experience grief and other emotions as part of working with records, researchers, and donors. Interview participants highlighted a lack of preparation for the emotional dimensions of archival work as well as difficulty and damaging silences surrounding emotions in the archival work. This article argues that a first step toward transformative change in the way archival education programs and workplaces address the emotional dimensions of archival work requires sincere and committed acknowledgment of these dimensions and of archival work as person-centered and relational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publications in Renal Failure in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) between 1992 and 2021 were analyzed. Six publication indicators: total, independent, collaborative, first author, corresponding author, and single author publications as well as their related citation indicators, were used to compare performances of countries, institutes, and authors. Comparison of the highly cited papers and journal's impact factor (IF) contributors was discussed. In addition, the main research topics in the journal were presented. Results show that China published the most total articles and reviews, as well as the first-author papers and corresponding-author papers in the journal. The Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan ranked the top in five publication indicators: total, single-institution, inter-institutionally collaborative, first author, and corresponding-author papers. A low percentage of productive authors emerged as a journal IF contributor. Similarly, only a limited relationship between highly cited papers and IF contributing papers was found. Publications related to hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease, and acute kidney injury were the most popular topic, while meta-analysis was new focus in the last decade in the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the digitalization of traditional funeral joss paper into digital commodities through the case study of the Chinese online cemetery 00tang.com. Joss paper are paper replicas of everyday items such as money and objects that are ritually burned as a form of symbolic offering to the deceased in accordance with traditional Chinese practices of ancestor worship. Using both ethnographic interviews and discursive interface analysis, I look at how the remediation of spiritual joss paper into digital objects complicates perceived dichotomy between the gift and commodity that requires new ways of thinking about the acts of social reciprocity, indebtedness, and obligation. Drawing on established literature relating to gift and digital economies, I argue 00tang's digitization of joss paper on internet cemeteries is reflexive of the biopolitical means by which the state and market forces work to subsume traditional ancestor worship into controllable and commodifiable labor of mourning. Here, the subversive wastefulness of the gift is replaced by its accumulation and preservation online. Digitization in this regard highlights the process by which objects take on different materiality, values, aesthetics, and productive labor practices, all of which fundamentally alters the symbolic regimes of death and the ritual gift economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether reading comprehension would differ when the texts are studied and tested on screen or on paper. Participants were 69 college students who were attending a college in midwestern United States. Participants read two expository texts each, under comparable paper and screen conditions and answered comprehension questions. Test forms and the order of the conditions were counterbalanced. The correlations between reading outcomes and reader characteristics were examined. Participants also completed a survey on their views on the two media (paper or screen). The results did not indicate a significant difference on students' reading comprehension as a function of medium and reader characteristics. However, students reported preferring paper-based reading for complex material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We employ dielectric spectroscopy and the complex electric modulus formalism to characterize electrical properties of the Ti0.8O2 nanosheets‒Ag nanoparticles‒cellulose filter paper composites, intended for use as a triboelectric nanogenerator. The addition of these fillers (5–17 atom% Ti and 1–6 atom% Ag) increases both the dielectric permittivity and AC conductivity while typically keeping the low loss tangent. The observed exponent to the frequency-dependent universal power law indicates the three-dimensional (3D) hopping mechanism in the composited films, contrasting with the 1D- or 2D-conduction in the ceramics. The electrical responses are also distinct from those of sole nanosheets, indicating some filler-matrix interactions. Electric modulus analyses indicate that the Ti0.8O2 nanosheets act as a charge generation/reservoir, while the Ag nanoparticles generate long-range conduction paths. The relaxation time increases with the dielectric nanosheets content but decreases with metallic nanoparticle content. In addition, these co-fillers decrease the dielectric heating but increases the refractive index of the films. The simple analyses reported herein could be applied to other composites, providing a better understanding on the role of diverse functional co-fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of an asphalt mixture does not only rely on its engineering properties. Yet, the service characteristics of an asphalt mixture do play an important role on the durability of pavements. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different aggregate types (granite and limestone) and the incorporation of recycled paper mill sludge (RPMS) on mixtures behaviour in terms of workability and compaction energy index (CEI). The effect of RPMS incorporation on the leaching potential was also assessed. A test was evaluated through the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) to identify the leaching behaviour of heavy metals with a possibility to contaminate the nearby water sources. Next, a surface morphological analysis was also conducted through the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess the relationship of fillers addition to the optimum binder content and water absorption. In this study, RPMS was used at rates of 0.5% and 1%. Based on the TCLP's results, the leaching potential of RPMS incorporated mixture was addressed and proven to be less than the standardised requirements. The addition of different percentages of RPMS into limestone and granite asphalt mixtures had resulted in the increment of optimum binder content; however, still lower than control samples. Whereas their small increment in the combined water absorption percentage are relatively same to the control samples. The workability indices of asphalt mixtures peaked upon the usage of 0.5% RPMS but slightly reduced at 1% RPMS but nevertheless remained higher than the control specimen. This is due to the ability of RPMS reduce the surface tension, hence enabling less energy for compaction. The 0.5% RPMS addition was found to be the optimal content required to obtain a better service performance of asphalt mixture during mixing and compaction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the art of paper tearing by Hong Kong-based paper-tearing artist Sing Man Lee in his aim to create a bridge between contemporary life and traditional Chinese cultures. Other topics include how Lee made his first paper-tearing artwork, how the art can improve a person's confidence, and an exploration of Lee's artwork through the National Visual Arts Standards.

A systematic-study is conducted using an innovative technology for paper drying by applying ultrasound mechanism. The advantages include greater energy efficiency, lower drying time and temperature, improvement of the product quality, and it is considered a green technology. The effects of initial moisture content, thickness, and refining condition are studied for different types of pulps (hardwood and softwood) using 23 factorial design of experiments. Analysis of Variance show that in the range of the studied parameters, thickness has the maximum effect on ultrasonic drying time followed by the initial moisture content. In addition, using a linear regression model, a relationships for the total time of drying is provided. The results confirmed that ultrasonic drying is more efficient at higher moisture content and higher thickness of the sample. These results are related to the structural characteristic of the samples such as porosity, pore distribution, and surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrapping paper has an irreplaceable role in the food industry, but the high hydrophilicity of cellulose-based wrapping paper limits its application. Here, we aim to develop a fluorine-free and stable method for preparing the superhydrophobic cellulose-based paper using KH570-modified-n-TiO2 and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) to construct a superhydrophobic surface by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The paper modified by (ε-PL/KH570-modified-n-TiO2)4 multilayers has superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties after heat treatment. The water contact angle reaches up to 152.8° and the antibacterial rate is close to 100%. The high barrier properties to water vapor better prolong the shelf life of cherries. Therefore, the (ε-PL/KH570-modified-n-TiO2)4 multilayers modified paper can provide a new idea for food preservation. The advantage of the double-layer assembly is that even if the superhydrophobic layer of the wrapper is worn away and lost, the remaining ε-PL is still able to act as a bacterial inhibitor, ensuring that the food is not perishable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Soviet paper reuse as an ideological, economic daily practice, implemented through the advanced, but hitherto undescribed Soiuzutil'waste collecting system by the early 1930s as the reverse side of Stalinist industrialization. It argues that Soiuzutil'waste paper handling attempted to form a new socialist collective by reworking old print while cultivating citizens as classless scrap-collectors, for the sake of an (ir)rational resource optimization. While World War II intensified recycling efforts among the Allied and Axis powers, invasion and evacuation damaged Soviet waste collection to a point where no return of paper into a centralized system was possible. War forced printers and consumers to retreat to local self-supply networks, as paper remained a crucial, yet scarce resource. By analyzing technical-educational literature and correspondence of the reutilization offices, the article demonstrates the changing attitudes in the Stalinist war economy, the industries, and the population towards mobilizing and saving paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article provides a comprehensive analysis of the aging phenomenon of transformer insulation and the corresponding changes in insulation performance that occur over time. The present manuscript outlines diverse insulating materials that are employed in transformers, the fundamental aging mechanism of the insulation, the function of space charges in the aging of the insulation, and various simulation methodologies utilized for diagnosing the insulation status of the transformer. The primary focus of this paper is to examine the various numerical techniques employed in modeling and analyzing the aging characteristics of transformer insulation. The mechanisms underlying the accumulation of charge and distortion of electric fields in insulation are explained through the utilization of numerical modeling techniques. This paper focuses on understanding the mechanism of insulation aging, thereby facilitating the optimization and maintenance of insulation performance throughout its operational lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ink-paper historical documents, which are an important part of cultural heritage, can be damaged by various materials on the outside and the inside of the paper. Cotton fiber sheets treated with iron gall ink and then treated with stabilization materials were studied. Nanosized Mg(OH)2 was used as a deacidification material and potassium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, or propyl gallate as antioxidant materials were investigated as a stabilization system for iron gall ink-damaged paper. All samples were artificially aged in the air for 150 h at 65 °C in a UV/moisture chamber or 500 h at 90 °C. The pH and alkaline reserve (AR) measurements, monitoring of color change, and scanning electron microscopy analysis data confirm that the aging effect is more destructive to the iron gall inked paper. The experiment results show that using alkaline materials with antioxidants, such as nano-Mg(OH)2 and propyl gallate, positively affects color changes of ink-damaged paper. Treatment with a stabilization system such as nanosized Mg(OH)2, a binder hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel), and an antioxidant as propyl gallate is a suitable method for iron gall ink damaged paper stabilization and preservation, according to the study results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are emerging as promising options for on-the-spot detection of chemical contaminants in water. The coupling of these devices with digital imaging technology has attracted immense interest in developing portable sensor applications. However, the potential of digital techniques still remains to be fully explored. In this work, we integrate digital imaging with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices to develop a portable colorimetric assay for iron. The experimental conditions are optimised using image analysis and the effects of imaging equipment and colorimetric analysis methods on the readout of devices are studied using numerical, graphical and statistical techniques. The experimental results are obtained for the estimation of iron contamination in water samples using a colorimetric assay based on iron (III)-thiocyanate reaction. The digital image acquisition approach using smartphone as imaging equipment is adopted for on-the-spot colorimetric data collection. Image processing techniques are employed to estimate the iron concentration in water from digital images. Greyscale colour intensity obtained from a digital image is identified as a readout of the analytical device and employed for quantitative assessment. The limit of detection for iron is estimated to be 0.26 ppm. The microfluidic approach offers good recovery and repeatability with relative standard deviation of 1.4%. The maximum percentage difference for intensities between the image analysis methods is 4.94% and that between the imaging equipment is 9.96%. The gradients of regression lines for pairwise equipment and method outputs with zero intercept range from 0.9931 to 1.0162 with high values of coefficients of determination. The correlation coefficient values for various paired comparisons (>0.99) suggest strong agreement. Statistical test results suggest no significant differences between methods and between imaging equipment (significance level 0.05). The findings suggest the efficacy of digital imaging and colorimetric analysis for paper-based analytical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragrance allergens (FAs) have been widely used in wet wipes, diapers, sanitary napkins, and other paper personal care products. There are more than 1000 fragrance allergens that may be present in these products. However, their negative effects on human health and environment cannot be ignored. This work presented a headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of fragrance allergens in paper personal care products. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions, the method provided good linearity (R-0.995) from 2.5x10-4 to 1.28x10-1mg with low limits of detection (LODs) between 1.9x10-2 and 6.0 mg/kg. Twenty paper personal care products were analyzed and 12 fragrance allergens were detected. The detection rate of benzyl alcohol was the highest (80%) with contents from 0.009 to 5.73mg/kg, followed by linalool (over 75%) with a content of 12.30mg/kg in makeup removing wipes. Additionally, a comparison for the determination of fragrance allergens by solid-liquid extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SLE-DLLME) and HS-SPME was reported. HS-SPME has been demonstrated to be a sensitive screening method for fragrance allergens in paper personal care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Thinking Through China" by Jerusha McCormack and John G. Blair is a book that aims to provide a comprehensive and accessible overview of Chinese culture for a Western audience. The authors introduce ten key Chinese concepts and compare them to Western ideas, emphasizing the fundamental differences between the two without assigning superiority to either. The book is divided into three parts, with the first section introducing the concepts, the second section answering common Western questions using these concepts, and the third section challenging readers to rethink their understanding of the West. Through the exploration of historical examples and personal anecdotes, the authors provide context and illustrate the ideas they discuss. The book encourages readers to reconsider their assumptions about "universal" values and to appreciate the distinct and equally legitimate Chinese perspective. [Extracted from the article]

This practitioner paper presents the case of a small paper business named JNA Pulp, initiated with the vision to provide high-quality imported paper to the market. The paper discusses several hurdles faced by the company which eventually pushed the owner to contemplate shutting down the business in the first quarter of 2020. With the rise of COVID-19, it was clear that considering the stance of the business in local market, survival would be impossible. Using the Fishbone analysis, the paper analyses the problems that lead to the closure of this business in April 2020 and further evaluates the strategies that could possibly contribute towards the survival of small businesses in the domestic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, cellulose was extracted from waste paper using alkaline and bleaching treatments. The flocculation performance of six quaternized cellulose (QC) samples (QC-1, QC-5, QC-10, QC-15, QC-20, and QC-30) was evaluated through kaolin suspension using the standard jar test method at varying flocculant dosages, kaolin concentrations, pH values, and settling times. The cellulose content of the waste paper and extracted celluloses were 68.6% and 78.1%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the waste paper properties changed after chemical treatment, confirming that the extracted product was cellulose. The QC derivatives were homogeneously synthesized by reacting the extracted cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in the aqueous medium of sodium hydroxide/urea. QC-15 exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability (99.67%) compared to alum (83.91%), with good performance in a wide pH range. The flocculation kinetics (kNo: 5.9 × 10−1 s-1) supported this finding. QC-15 removed 99.67% of turbidity compared to alum (83.9%). Besides, filtration of the conditioned sludge with QC-15 was relatively easy, with low specific resistance compared to the commercial alum. Overall, Q-15 was an effective and environmentally friendly flocculant with potential application for treating drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), an abundant fiber material obtained after extracting the oil from the strands, is classified as short fiber which needs supporting agent in order to enhance its mechanical strength for papermaking purpose. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of beaten EFB fibers incorporated with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Two types of beaten EFB fibers from 500 to 1000 revolutions were applied with MCC. The selected percentage of MCC addition was 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. Papermaking process was conducted according to TAPPI Standard T 205 sp-02. By incorporating MCC into EFB fibers, the porosity of the paper decreased while the opacity increased. Paper with 6% of MCC addition had the highest mechanical properties especially on the tensile strength. Beating effect was also found as a great factor in influencing the strength of the papers made from EFB fibers with MCC. Beating revolution of 500 showed excellent properties for tear, burst, and folding endurance. Based on physical, mechanical, and optical properties, the produced paper is found potential in the manufacture of writing or high-quality printing grade paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]