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With increased interest in emotions and tourism, 'savoring', a process of attending to, enhancing, or prolonging positive emotions, should receive more scholarly attention. This article offers a conceptual look at the issues and perspectives related to the relationship between savoring and place attachment in the tourism context. Drawing from the positive psychology, tourism, and geography literature, we outline 12 propositions to suggest how tourists develop place attachment by savoring their vacation experiences and destinations, supported by the 'broaden-and-build' processes. By directing people's attention to their positive emotions and triggering a broaden-and-build experience, savoring has the potential to foster place attachment to a destination. In brief, we propose that savoring can influence the process of place attachment formation by influencing each phase of a tourism experience (i.e., pre-trip, on-site, post-trip). In particular, savoring, at pre-trip, can facilitate the development of favorable destination image to form place attachment. When on-site, or at post-trip phase, savoring can promote place attachment formation by helping individuals obtain higher level of positive affect and more memorable tourism experiences. The propositions are intended to guide and inspire future empirical examinations related to savoring positive emotions in the tourism context. Savoring's role in fostering place attachment has important potential practical outcomes including development and reinforcement of destination loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues for the renewed relevance of time geography in tourism in light of the use of mobile technologies and ubiquitous connectivity. The paper proposes the concept of phygitality to understand how digital technologies are used in physical space, and how the interaction between the physical and the digital reconfigures tourists' projects, paths, bundles, and constraints. The theoretical contribution builds on fifteen semi-structured interviews. The analysis shows that capability, coupling, and authority constraints are altered and mediated by digital devices. In the phygital time-space, tourists orient themselves in physical spaces, influenced by digital information; they create phygital paths and move between stations that result from the overlaying of digital information onto the physical space. Tourists' goal-oriented mobility results in phygital projects, where logics of efficiency and optimization reduce the liminality of the tourist experience. Tourists' bundles are created within and outside the physical vacation prism through digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shift from memorable to transformative experiences is taking place in the emerging transformation economy. Experiences constitute the essence of the tourism industry. While the literature has recognized the link between sustainability and local food, how local food affects tourists’ perceived sustainability, service experience, satisfaction, and advocacy is little known. This paper contributes to filling this research gap by examining the relationship between local food and sustainability at Spanish destinations within the transformative service theoretical framework. We conducted a questionnaire on 1476 Spanish tourists to show that service experience, perceived sustainability, and local food, are fundamental to any tourist destination strategy. Data reveal that perceived sustainability is a determining factor of tourists’ service experience at the destination, and the perception of local food reinforces perceived sustainability. Moreover, tourists’ service experience significantly and positively affects satisfaction and, consequently, advocacy. The significance of safe experience as an additional dimension of the service experience is also shown. This paper contributes to the transformative service literature in the field of tourism by demonstrating the enhancing role of local food over visitors’ sustainable experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for more sustainable tourism has long been recognised, and the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated renewed calls for large-scale and rapid transformation of the sector. Attractive as such calls were, implementing aspirations for more sustainable futures requires significant 'buy-in' from the demand side. Yet, substantive evidence of tourists desiring more sustainable futures was lacking. This paper aims to address this empirical deficit and to critically reflect on early pandemic rhetoric calling for transformative change. It reports on the results from a panel survey conducted with visitors to Northern Devon—a UK destination with a long-standing commitment to sustainable development—who stayed overnight in the region during Coronavirus restrictions. Of three possible trajectories for tourism development, the majority of respondents preferred a sustainable future. However, just under a quarter preferred a scenario associated with further growth in tourism, and this trajectory was perceived as the most likely to occur. Using a case-study approach, the paper critiques emergent discourse around sustainability transitions in tourism, highlighting a supply-side emphasis in extant analysis and the need for closer examination of tourist preferences for transitional pathways. If conceptual architectures from Transitions Studies are to support the implementation of sustainability transitions in tourism, both the Multi-Level Perspective and the Transitions Management approach must consider tourists' perspectives on destination change more carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism resort events allow mass tourists to intervene to establish resort reputations among other destinations. From the locus of attribution theory perspective, this paper is the first to explore tourists defending behavior toward resorts' reputations through destination social responsibility and information adequacy lenses. Through questioning 240 tourists in the Red Sea resorts, the study found that defending is a post-attribution behavior. The study found that tourists who internally (vs. externally) attribute the event outcomes tend (vs. ignore) to defend the Red Sea resorts' reputation. Nevertheless, resorts' reputation could maintain defending behavior in case of external attribution with the presence of their perception of resorts' social responsibility and information adequacy. Such defending behavior approach enables crucial managerial implications for the Red Sea resort managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper ascertains how small accommodation firms can contribute to sustainability by creating shared value (CSV) through adapting their product. A sequential mixed methods approach was adopted including interviews with small accommodation providers and an online survey from domestic leisure tourists. Results demonstrate that adapting the accommodation product through implementing local food initiatives and messages positively influences guests’ sustainable behaviour through their willingness to purchase local food, resulting in value creation for various stakeholders including local community and businesses in the region. Adapting the product will also increase guests’ satisfaction with their stay, yielding economic profits for the accommodation providers. Nevertheless, fostering a supportive environment through institutional systems and inter-firm relations is crucial for CSV to function as an effective strategy for these small firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism industry is fragile as it is prone to numerous risks such as the outbreak of deadly viruses, and natural and human-made disasters. These risks have a significant impact on tourists' decisions when choosing a destination and while in a destination. This paper investigates the risks perceived by Australian tourists and how these risks affect their intention to revisit the Pacific Island Country of Fiji. Through a quantitative survey with 301 tourists, augmented by qualitative interviews conducted among management of hotels, as well as the DMO, the results show that tourists continue to perceive Fiji as a relatively safe destination however there are increased in the perceptions of risk concerning disease risk and financial risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to alleviate tourist incivility (i.e. social and environmental deviant behaviors) is not only a practical concern but an emerging tourism research topic. Advocating civilized tourist behavior could be an effective tool in enhancing sustainable tourism. In this paper, we test how tourists' anticipated emotions and perceived severity (of tourism incivility problems) shape tourist civility via an extended norm activation model (NAM). A total of 401 valid questionnaires were obtained from tourists of a national wetland park in China. The results indicated that: 1) both positive and negative anticipated emotions not only have a direct impact on tourist civility but also have an indirect impact via personal norms, 2) positive anticipated emotions (as compared to negative ones) play a more vital role in the tourist civility formation, and 3) perceived severity of tourism incivility problems negatively moderates the links of personal norms and negative anticipated emotions to tourist civility. This paper provides theoretical and practical implications to better understand the role of anticipated emotions and perceived severity in tourist civility decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mainstream cultural products, it is increasingly recognized that movies can influence the way places are perceived, exploited and materially transformed, particularly in tourism development. The relationship between movies and places has been widely explored in geographical research, but the role of animated features is still relatively unexplored. Thanks to its extremely precise geographical connotations, Disney-Pixar's animated film Luca (2021) is an exceptional case study. The film is set in Cinque Terre (Liguria, NW Italy), an area that in the last twenty years has been affected by over tourism phenomena. By examining how the movie has been received by local institutions, residents and tourists, this paper aims to provide new insights into how such products can contribute to create meaning of places and influence local attractiveness. In particular, the paper focusses on Destination Marketing Organisations' reactions to Luca's release and how it was perceived by residents and tourists, by analysing the results of a survey we administered in 2021. The results show the positive impact and potential issues of geographically defined animated films particularly in terms of sense of belonging and authenticity perception amongst insiders and outsiders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current explosive growth of global consumption has caused many environmental problems, so guiding and regulating the public's green consumption intention and behavior is an important issue. By constructing the tourist green consumption model of urban and rural tourism destinations (TAM-TPB), this paper uses the PLS-SEM method to expound the realization path and mechanism of tourists' green consumption intention in urban and rural destinations. The TAM-TPB model provides better explanatory and predictive power for urban destinations than for rural destinations. In addition, the perceived usefulness plays a significant mediating effect, especially in urban destinations, and the green consumption attitude will not mediate or directly affect consumption intention. Finally, there is a certain gap in tourists' green consumption intention between urban and rural destinations, but it is limited to the paths from perceived ease of use to consumption attitude and from subjective norm to consumption intention. The paper studies the realization path and mechanism of tourists' green consumption intention in urban and rural tourism destinations. The paper first applies TAM to tourism green consumption field, constructing the model of TAM-TPB by PLS-SEM. The TAM-TPB model provides better explanatory and predictive power for urban destinations than for rural destinations. The green consumption attitude does not mediate or directly impact consumption intention. The findings will contribute to enrich the theoretical system of tourism green consumption research and provide practical references for the guidance of public green consumption behavior and the transformation of green consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines generational travel behaviour and intentions of Portuguese tourists before and after the pandemic. The comparisons established a framework to understand what really has changed. The sample includes 490 Portuguese tourists. Our analysis revealed three clusters which are distinct in terms of generation belonging and distance travelled, among other variables. The results suggest that the willingness to travel is higher than previously, working as a kind of revenge to mitigate the isolation times. Strategical implications for practitioners are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape–tourism nexus has been the subject of many scientific contributions that differ in nature and methodological approach. Beyond sectorial planning assessments and impact evaluations, which often fail to grasp this complex relationship, this paper draws on conceptual frameworks in the social sciences and humanities that define the nexus through the productive potential of mobilities, bodily presences and interactions to investigate tourist landscapes in pandemic times. More precisely, the blended concept of dwelling-in-motion is adopted to explore tourist landscapes as evolving constellations of intertwined places and practices of people engaging with empty spaces, redescribing their functions and values and defining new forms of proximity tourism. This study focuses on the Brenta Riviera in northeastern Italy between Padua and Venice—an extremely dense area in terms of landscape stratifications and an exemplary local case where the effects of COVID-19 restrictions have been reshaping physical orderings, social relations and cultural meanings. During the third wave of the pandemic in Italy, a mapping process based on an online survey collected significant georeferenced landscapes among visitors, residents and operators, unveiling multiple and often unexpected Riviera landscapes as expressions of changing attitudes and behaviours towards neighbouring places. Calling for intimate well-being or collective involvement, 'newcomers-on-the-move' have been blurring the lines between daily, recreational and tourist landscapes, leading to a reconsideration of who can be a tourist and what can be a tourist landscape in a (post-)COVID-19 world. From a tourism policy perspective, tracing these trajectories is one of the starting points for rethinking destination recovery and addressing sustainable goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of the twentieth century brought many progressive ideas in the field of architecture and urban planning that are also reflected in modernist urban residential estates. These modern structures and spatial compositions reflected the need for good quality of living in healthy urban, natural and social environment. The paper focuses on two estates of the German Werkbund located in Wrocław (WUWA, Poland) and Stuttgart (Weissenhof, Germany), which due to their uniqueness constitute tourist attractions of both cities. The main objective of the comparative analysis was to identify model solutions for making historic housing estates available to visitors, shaping an attractive tourist product from entire urban complexes based on architecture and open spaces, simultaneously maintaining the balance of their basic social and tourist functions and the principles of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourists harm the destination environment in many different ways. Behavioural economics contributes to the formulation of public and private policies to reduce this harm. The nudging agenda is converging with tourism, where managers and policymakers realise that the implementation of nudges leads to lower costs, higher effectiveness of behavioural changes, and decreased harm produced by tourists. However, little effort has been made to comprehend the relationship between nudges and tourism sustainability. To fill this gap, this paper systematises the literature on nudge interventions in tourism and sustainability studies. Our results present the main disciplinary background in these investigations with Anglo-Saxon countries leading research on green nudges. The methodological approach adopted by the nudge studies is limited, and causal evidence is lacking. The thematic analysis categorises the interventions and supports the idea that nudges target both unconscious and conscious behaviours. The preferred interventions are those with a low-cost application, such as bed linen reuse. Social norms are the main trigger for developing hypotheses and designing nudges. Our study also presents the mediators and moderators of pro-environmental behaviours and develops a model to design nudges in the tourism industry. Theoretical, managerial contributions and suggestions for future studies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has revealed that locals may perceive tourists as possible infection vectors. In addition, little research has been conducted on residents' perceived risks from Golden Week holidayers. Our study examines the relationship between individual cultural orientation and risk perception regarding COVID-19 recurrence (RCOVID-19 recurrence), specifically seeking to explain residents' citizenship behaviors. We collected data on Jeju, South Korea, right after the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 when Golden Week holidayers visited Jeju. Our findings identified the mediation effect of RCOVID-19 resulting from the significant relationships between individualism or collectivism, RCOVID-19 recurrence, and citizenship behavior, except for the path from horizontal collectivism to citizenship behavior. In addition, the moderation role of the length of residency is identified. We conclude our paper with a discussion on theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the various dimensions that affect the tourist sector in order to provide an assessment of the environmental quality and logistic and infrastructural dimensions of Italian coastal municipalities. The analysis starts from the assumption that the environmental resources and logistic and infrastructural dimensions of each area represent an asset for the whole territory, since they are able not only to increase the quality of life of residents but, above all, to attract travellers, thus contributing to the development of the tourism sector. Therefore, it can be said that the dimensions assessed in this work increase the capacity of the territory to generate income. In the analysis a quantitative aggregative partially non-compensatory method, known as Mazziotta Pareto Index (MPI) was used; by means of the MPI it was possible to express the magnitude of the tourist phenomenon reducing the compensation effect that occurs every time indicators with non-homogeneous values are aggregated. The contribution provides further insights into coastal tourism, a particularly important tourist sector on a national scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas Venice (Italy) has been extensively analysed through the lens of tourism, little has been written so far regarding the resistance practices emerging due to increasing tourism-led gentrification. This paper presents two examples of housing initiatives taking place in the historic city and its neighbouring lagoon islands. The first, promoted by a collective actor (Assemblea Sociale per la Casa), concerns the selection, occupation, and self-restoration of public dwellings located in the historic city; the second, an individual choice made by some citizens, concerns moving to the small lagoon islands as not simply a form of displacement, but as a resistance mechanism against the progressive expansion of the tourism industry into the lagoon margins. Drawing on Annunziata and Rivas-Alonso's work, the aim of this contribution is to provide an interpretation of such initiatives as examples of resistance practices in gentrifying contexts, and to enrich the literature on resisting gentrification by stressing their informal, invisible, and ambiguous nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commodification of hot spring bathing reflects a diversification of alternative modalities for healing and leisure. It also presents challenges for the development of sustainable tourism. However, whether and how tourist activities generate environmental challenges at hot spring destinations has received scant attention from scholars. Situated in the increasing contributions that practice theories make to tourism and sustainability studies, this paper argues that a practice theoretical perspective is essential for understanding the escalating demand for hot spring water and resources at tourist destinations. Employing ethnographic approaches in a hot spring town in China, we identify three patterns of hot spring bathing performances: public foot bathing in the town square, commodified bathing in resort hotels, and private bathing in households or B&B rooms. The (re)configurations of cultural conventions, tourist facilities, socially shared knowledge and skills across spaces produce alternative patterns of water consumption. The co-existence of multiple ways of performing hot spring bathing brings to the fore the complexities of sustainability issues in tourism, going beyond infrastructural efficiency or tourist values. The paper concludes in elaborating on how practice theories and studies of tourist bathing benefit each other, and could inform policy interventions for sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing destination competitiveness from a tourist perspective has been limited, especially for distressed destinations such as Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has been facing ongoing political and economic challenges for more than two decades which puts pressure on the growth of the tourism industry. However, all destinations compete in the same space for tourists' attention, forcing marketers to continuously develop strategies to enhance competitiveness and increase tourist returns and recommendations. This paper focuses on identifying competitiveness factors that influence tourists' intention to return and recommend. Based on a sample of 450 international tourists to Zimbabwe, results show that unique to a distressed destination, the residents' hospitality and friendliness is the most important predictor for the intention to return. This emphasises the role of residents in making the destination more competitive and attractive. General amenities, attractions and destination management are also significant predictors of return intentions. Tourists' intentions to recommend are largely predicted by the destination's resources. Encouraging visitors to revisit and recommend can assist a distressed destination in increasing visitor numbers on a limited marketing budget. Understanding these factors could also help managers to improve the negative image of the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the significant technological progress with Autonomous Buses (ABs), there is still a limited understanding how users perceive and experience large, mass transit ABs in real-life traffic environments. This paper follows a pilot project on AB use by tourists in the city of Malaga, Spain. Discrete choice analysis was employed to study their willingness to use the AB and the passengers' actual satisfaction on board the AB. The obtained results reveal higher willingness levels to adopt ABs among individuals more open to new technologies and more environmentally conscious. Higher levels of satisfaction on board are reported by older passengers, women, employed, private vehicle users, and people with environmental consciousness and openness to new technologies. Finally, the research discusses how socio-demographics and personality-related barriers affect the further implementation of autonomous mobility in public transportation systems, adding new reflections on the capacity of ABs to support or even replace conventional buses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the customer experience-satisfaction nexus is a highly developed body of work in the wider literature, this link has scarcely been explored in health tourism. Accordingly, this paper aims to assess the dimensions of health services experiences leading to tourists' satisfaction and the moderating role of trust and emotions in the link between satisfaction and destination loyalty. A PLS-SEM is employed to analyze data from a sample of 225 health tourists in Egypt. The results show that health tourism experiences dimensions significantly affect tourists' satisfaction, which in turn positively impacts their loyalty. Additionally, destination trust and emotions moderate the connection between satisfaction and loyalty. Theoretical contributions arise for scholars and practical ramifications are presented for service providers and stakeholders in the Egyptian health tourism scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maps published for tourism promotion and information constitute a particular sub-group of tourist maps made using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This paper proposes a methodological protocol for the systematic elaboration of tourism mapping. This procedure is applied to the design of the tourist map of the province of Huesca. The cartographic tool was designed based on the needs of tourism promotion by the Public Administration, seeking the halfway point between persuasion and precision when representing elements on the map. Given that data would have to be updated and modified in the future, open-source software was used so that the administration can then run, modify and update it. In addition, the project was validated through surveys to two different audiences (general and expert). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on Shift-Share analysis and aims to provide a methodological framework for studying the inequalities of Greek regions in the tourism industry. The method applied to yearly data of overnight stays, both for foreigners, and domestic visitors, for the periods 2003–2008, 2008–2013, 2013–2018, and results showing that disparities among Greek regions are generally very large for the tourism industry. The overall analysis is a useful tool for tourism management and regional policy. The paper advances Shift-Share analysis to be used as a tool of region classification, and it incorporates one-way ANOVA to examine the relationship between the inequalities concerns the policies from the last development law and tourism specialization in Greek regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standing out in the tourists' hotel booking process is important for hotels in today's competitive environment. To effectively promote hotels, it is necessary to have a deeper grasp of the factors affecting tourists' hotel choices. To this end, this research examines the effects of psychological distance (temporal and spatial) and social influence on tourists' hotel booking preferences based on the Construal-Level Theory (CLT). Social influence is identified as a moderator between psychological distance and tourists' booking preferences; whole perceived message quality is identified as a mediator. The paper concludes with theoretical implications, practical implications, and ideas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coral reefs provide important ecosystem services as well as economic and cultural benefits to society. Yet they are under significant threat from anthropogenic and natural threats, including climate change. Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is one such reef undergoing significant change. More radical interventions that go beyond traditional forms of management are being considered to help repair and restore the GBR. These are based on science and technologies that have yet to be widely tested. This paper reports on a study that seeks to identify and understand support for such interventions, and to understand the antecedents that explain support. The Norm Activation Model (NAM) was extended with a sample of 468 domestic and international tourists to Cairns, Australia. Personal norms had the largest direct influence on support for interventions, followed by attitudes. Awareness of consequences had a large positive impact on personal norms and a smaller positive impact on attitudes. A negative relationship was found between information and attitudes. Personal norms and attitudes also acted as mediators between awareness of consequences, information and support. No differences were found between domestic and international tourists. The results are discussed and theoretical and practical implications outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ongoing transition of Venice towards a short-term city, posited as an urban form which accommodates the dwelling practices of temporary populations as tourists, at the expenses of a stable resident population. This shift is approached through the conceptual framework of resilience, which is also explored in its political and discursive dimensions. At the base of the emergence of a short-term city, we analyse the redistributive impacts of short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms and their influence on the housing market, but also the related entrenchments of a local policy agenda supporting the resilience of the industry itself above that of the city as a living organism. After illustrating the development of the hospitality sector in the city fabric over the last four decades and presenting the historical challenges that Venice has been facing in regard to its capacity to retain a stable population, we seek to unravel the debate on 'the future of Venice', which confronts local and global agents defending a 'conservationist' approach for Venice as an ineluctably tourist city, with social actors who claim for the defence of residence – and therefore for a ban on STR – as a necessary condition for a socially resilient alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived travel risks arise from the uncertain and undesirable consequences associated with traveling to a destination. These perceived risks could make tourists feel reluctant to travel to a particular destination, or conversely may tempt some to visit a certain destination to feed their taste for adventure. Tourists may not perceive and react to the same types and degrees of risk in the same manner. This is due to their socially constructed knowledge and past experience associated with related incidents, which result in such incidents being perceived differently. Therefore, this paper has three purposes. First, it examines travel risk dimensions as perceived by international tourists. Second, it seeks to segment international tourists based on a combination of protective motivation theory (perceived vulnerability and severity) and travel use history theories (past travel experience). Third, it determines how each segment employs risk reduction strategies as self-protective behaviors. Thailand was chosen as the location for the study. Using perceived vulnerability and severity of risk perceptions as cluster variates, the cluster analysis of 511 questionnaires resulted in three segments of tourists being identified, with varying degrees of risk propensity and personal profiles. Their risk reduction strategies were examined. Practical and theoretical implications are also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capturing of full benefits associated with nature-based tourism could be one of the strategies for the promotion of sustainable tourism in the Okavango Delta (OD). The general objective of this paper is to establish the perceptions of tourists in relation to consumer surplus (CS) of tourist visitation to the OD and implications on rural development. The study shows that there is substantial CS of tourist visitation in the OD. A significant proportion of tourists (53%) said that they were willing to contribute to a fund for the compensation of farmers for their loss of property resulting from their conflict with wildlife. Most tourists (90%) thought tourism should contribute to the development of local communities. They suggested that the captured CS could be used for rural development and wildlife conservation. The study recommends that the CS could be captured in the OD as entry and conservation fees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating Cognitive Appraisal Theory with the transmission model of inspiration, this paper investigates the tourist inspiration-eliciting process in the context of wellness tourism. A questionnaire survey (N = 974) was provided to wellness tourists in Shizhu county, China, with findings revealing the motivations of wellness tourists positively influence goal relevance and goal congruence. Goal congruence led to the elicitation of inspiration, which could be separated into two stages of inspired-by and inspired-to. Tourist inspiration was found to diminish as frequency of visitation increased. This research provides conceptual clarity surrounding the intricate connection between motivations and tourist inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emphasizes the role of cartographic modelling of tourist routes in the Carpathians in the context of the development of tourist mapping. It describes the distinguished features of Transcarpathian and Eastern Carpathian tourist routes as the objects of mapping. These routes are extremely popular among tourists due to their remarkable recreational and touristic value. Tourist map series fulfil the needs of tourists and also form a relevant and promising practical area of modern geographical mapping. We systematise the principles and describe the methodological basis of cartographic modelling of tourist routes in the Carpathians. We particularly detail the peculiarities of the decoration of tourist maps. Our research contributes to the development of the integral system of spatial, visual, complementary, and comparative information about the region's location, conditions, and features of natural, historical, cultural and socio-economic tourist resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze Attachment and Emotional Values as antecedents of Commitment to intelligent virtual assistants (IVA) and Commitment as a driver of Loyalty Intentions toward the IVA. Data is collected from a sample of 124 active users of IVA systems in tourism settings by the mean of an online survey. The findings contribute to the existing literature by revealing that Attachment and Emotional Values positively influence tourists Commitment to Intelligent Virtual Assistants. Moreover, findings reveal that Commitment positively influences Loyalty Intentions. This study is a first attempt to analyzing the commitment process between users (i.e., tourists) and artificial intelligent systems (i.e., intelligent virtual assistants). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the potential that tourism encounters have in disrupting structural violence (conceptualized as silencing and invisibilization) in South Africa. Based on PhotoVoice research undertaken with a small number of residents of three Cape Town-area townships, we consider how residents' descriptions of their encounters with the tourists can be seen as helping to "polish the wounds of the past" as they shared a sense of being seen and heard. We apply the African philosophical lens of Ubuntu, described by one participant as "I am because we are," to consider the role of tourism in promoting peace simultaneously at the individual as well as the collective level. While far from unproblematic, this research finds hope in the ways township tourism is disrupting structural violence, thereby supporting the emancipatory aims of post-apartheid South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advances have had profound impacts upon tourists' mobility. However, until recently, there has been a gap between technological advances and their integration into tourism research methods. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a research method that utilised an application (app) equipped with a synthesised demographic survey and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology. This enabled automated tracking of tourists' behaviour for their entire stay within the island state of Tasmania, Australia. This paper focuses on tourists' movement within the well-known Freycinet National Park. The highly detailed granular data were assessed in three phases, revealing segments of tourists more likely to use the walking tracks, those more and less likely to visit during peak crowding times and finally, the development of an automated spatio-temporal dependence model via a machine-based learning environment, designed to operate in real time. The paper details the implications that innovative methodologies such as this may offer natural resource managers and tourism authorities, particularly in terms of locating, assessing and ultimately alleviating crowding and overtourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Branded escape rooms reveal points of tension between fan engagement and authorized content creation. Escape rooms are live-action puzzle games in which groups of participants are locked in a room and surrounded by puzzles and clues. Since at least 2017, a number of escape rooms function as franchise-branded experiences. In this paper, I highlight two such experiences, Doctor Who: Worlds Collide and Sherlock: The Game Is Now. Branded escape rooms function as sites of multiple overlapping connections between media tourism and ludic fandom, where the brand harnesses fan engagement. Playing the game allows the fan to feel closer to the text, but precludes fan transformational work, linking escape rooms to authorized tourist experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to research the main travel-related concerns that senior tourists face when planning a leisure trip. The study comprises 470 tourists, aged 55 or over, who visited the Azores and aims to determine the importance attributed to travel-related concerns and to investigate whether there is an association between socio-demographic characteristics, physical limitations, perceived economic performance, and social status and these concerns. It also intends to identify distinct market segments according to these variables. A quantitative approach allows concluding that senior tourists attach higher importance to the food supply, comfortable accommodation, and climate. Senior tourists are not a uniform market: three clusters were found, which have implications in product planning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's competitive environment, customer delight plays a crucial role in enhancing customer loyalty and positive word-of-mouth. This paper provides a needs-based analysis of customer delight in hotels among senior tourists, who represent an increasingly important target for the hospitality industry. A total of 38 senior tourists were interviewed. Data were collected utilizing the critical incident technique and analysed through text mining analysis. Four main dimensions of customer delight emerged from the study that represent the fulfilment of different needs: learning, authenticity, exclusivity, and sharing. These findings theoretically contribute to the understanding of guest delight from a senior tourist's perspective and can help hotel managers to design delightful customer experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to develop a theoretical perspective to better understand senior tourist behaviour. The perspective is guided by concepts from research on senior tourism, goal theory of leisure travel satisfaction, and socio-emotional selectivity theory. It examines four central principles: (1) selecting leisure travel goals that have high levels of positive valence, (2) selecting leisure travel goals that are very likely to be attained, (3) engaging in actions that would implement leisure travel goals, and (4) engaging in actions that would allow tourists to experience goal attainment. We describe these theoretical principles and sub-principles in relation to senior tourists to build a research agenda to encourage future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism and destination competitiveness is a popular research topic and has become more important in recent years. This is evident from the amount of research conducted on the topic. However, competitiveness is mainly researched from a supply perspective, which solely captures the opinions of tourism experts and consequently creates the need to obtain the opinions of tourists as well. This paper provides an enhanced understanding of the opinions foreign tourists visiting South Africa have of the competitiveness of the country as tourist destination. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to tourists at OR Tambo International Airport who were returning home after visiting South Africa. A total of 619 usable questionnaires were obtained. The findings revealed that (1) The factors identified in this study differ from similar supply-side studies on South Africa; (2) Respondents considered unique tourism aspects the most important element of competitiveness; (3) The second most important competitiveness factor, tourism services, consists of internal factors only; (4) Safety and security is an essential competitiveness aspect regardless of the destination or research approach used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have witnessed growing numbers of residents exploring their own cities as tourist destinations. This phenomenon challenges academic understandings and definitions of who is defined as a tourist, and what differentiates tourists from residents when both display the same behaviours linked with spectacle and consumption. Of particular interest in these developments are situations where the emergence of 'resident tourists' involves residents transgressing boundaries of territorial stigma and fear to visit previously-avoided urban areas. Safety and security concerns and continued territorial stigma towards the Johannesburg inner city has isolated a generation of suburbanites from this urban space. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of various – often online – social media-driven (particularly Instagram) initiatives to bring these suburbanites into the inner city as resident tourists. Drawing survey data from 200 such visitors to Johannesburg's inner city, this paper reflects on the implications for defining (proximate) tourism in terms of social or psychological rather than spatial (Euclidian) distance/proximity. In so doing, we reflect upon the role of new touristic gaze practices, inspired not only by curiosity but by a concern with self-promotion and social media self-branding. Our argument is that by rethinking emergent practices of collective consumption (facilitated in this instance by social media), we can understand how new forms of tourism occur within the locale of residence. These challenge trends towards the enclaving of daily life and mediated tourist consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scholars have fully explored the factors influencing tourists' positive emotions, there is still a research gap on the joint effect of multiple factors. Based on 509 samples of cultural and creative tourists, this paper constructs the causal configurations of enjoyment from two aspects: environment and individual. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) confirmed that there are four solutions, which present two types: "environmental aesthetics and individual acculturation" and "environmental creative performance and individual cultural intelligence". There is an alternative relationship between creative performance and cultural intelligence. Additionally, authenticity only plays a complementary role in tourists' enjoyment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated customers' experiences of the servicescape of integrated resorts. It also examined how the customers' experiences affected their emotions, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 60 Mainland Chinese tourists in Macau. The results identified 12 dimensions of servicescape that formed the total customer experiences. Esthetic and entertainment experiences played a crucial role in creating the customers' total experiences and had the greatest effects on customers' emotions, satisfaction and behavioral intention in integrated resorts. This study contributes to the association of servicescape with customer experiences in the context of integrated resorts. Based on the results, insights and practical recommendations were offered to resort operators of ways to enhance their customer experiences through the improvement of the resorts' servicescape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an empirical application of some recent developments in the social science of sustainability to understanding sustainable transport behaviour. We analyse talk about holidaymaking taken from interviews with self-defined "eco" or "sustainable" tourists. The focus of this paper explores the ways in which participants understand and reconcile the potential conflict of air transport and the notion of sustainable holidays. We identify a number of discursive strategies participants used to project and maintain positive self-representations in the context of complex, often incompatible constructions of sustainability derived from this particular dilemma. Such strategies are considered as concrete examples of the psychosocial organisation of denial and thus offer discursive barriers to sustainable transport futures. However, the analysis also demonstrates the ways in which some individuals were able to resist or challenge such forms of socially organised denial. The potential implications of these discursive barriers and strategies for sustainable transport futures and the tourism sector are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential marketing is effective in influencing tourist behaviour because pleasure tourists travel in pursuit of fantasies and positive emotions. The influences of experiential marketing on tourist behaviour depends on tourist imagery processing (i.e. the mental system involved in processing experiential stimuli). This theme has recently attracted the attention of tourism academics, but it lacks guidance for researchers to navigate the dense, complex literature. Hence, this paper aims to provide a theoretically based review of imagery processing research in tourism. The systematic quantitative literature review method is applied to select and analyse 70 relevant papers published in the period from 1997 to 2017. In doing so, this review reconciles imagery-related concepts such as mental simulation, consumption vision, narrative transportation, telepresence, imagination, fantasy and memory recall. Moreover, a general framework of tourist behaviour is developed to explain how experiential marketing influences tourist behaviour by means of mental processes. This paper suggests different ways to apply experiential marketing in managing tourist experiences. Also, it highlights the necessity of customising experiential marketing initiatives to target different tourist segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage tourism has been growing over the last few years, especially in cities that have been declared World Heritage Sites. This paper presents research that investigates the motivations for tourists to visit Cuenca. Fieldwork was used to create a predictive model to determine visitor satisfaction considering the motivations and the attributes of the city. Furthermore, the paper analyses the attributes a heritage site should have if it is to create a sustainable tourist destination which combines culture and economic growth. The results show that although overall satisfaction with visits to the city is high, tourists enjoy other interesting aspects that should be taken into consideration in order to improve the city’s image as a cultural destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the travel intentions of tourists in the post-pandemic world. The sample includes 974 respondents from Bulgaria. The findings show that most of the respondents are ready to travel within 2 months after travel is allowed in the country. For their first trip, respondents will travel in the country, by their car and with their family. Hygiene, disinfection and reliable health system in a destination will be the leading factors in travellers' decisions, according to the findings. Women and older respondents have higher health and safety preferences than do men and younger respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced TCM and discussed post-COVID-19 domestic tourism market recovery through this frame to understand Chinese tourists' behaviour during COVID-19. In other words, although TCM practitioners will acknowledge patients' symptoms and empathize with their discomfort, practitioners also believe that disease is a friend - a reminder to reconsider one's lifestyle or way of thinking. According to the World Health Organization ([13]), the COVID-19 outbreak has led to more than 3.5 million cases worldwide and claimed 243,540 lives. A TCM practitioner's perspective: disease is a friend TCM practitioners believe that when a person is sick, their pain is real; however, illness is not an enemy. [Extracted from the article]

This application note investigates the causal relationship between oil price and tourist arrivals to further explain the impact of oil price volatility on tourism-related economic activities. The analysis itself considers the time domain, frequency domain and information theory domain perspectives. Data relating to US and nine European countries are exploited in this paper with causality tests which include time domain, frequency domain, and Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM). The CCM approach is nonparametric and therefore not restricted by assumptions. We contribute to existing research through the successful and introductory application of an advanced method, and via the uncovering of significant causal links from oil prices to tourist arrivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3, good health and wellbeing, this paper reports on a study that examined how outdoor guides perceive their role in facilitating the psychological wellbeing of tourists who consume slow adventure experiences. These experiences, such as canoeing, stargazing or foraging, are characterised by a slower passage of time, immersion in the natural world and a sense of belonging to small social groups. Grounded in research on wellbeing from a positive psychology perspective, the study utilised semi-structured, in-depth, interviews with ten outdoor adventure guides in the Scottish Highlands and Islands. Following a hermeneutic interpretive approach to analyse the interview transcripts, the findings revealed how perceptions of time, meaningful moments and a sense of togetherness are choreographed by slow adventure guides to shape tourists' psychological wellbeing through immersive guided experiences, ultimately helping tourists to re-establish a much-yearned-for connection with nature. The study adds to tourism, wellbeing and sustainability literature by providing new perspectives on psychological wellbeing through guided slow adventures. In particular the findings contribute to positive tourism, or tourism and positive psychology field of research, by revealing how mindful and eudaimonic visitor experiences are organised by adventure tour guides in natural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate how prices are formed in the informal tourism market and how this has a bearing on the livelihoods of informal traders. More specifically, the objectives of this research were to: (i) determine the dependence and strategies of informal traders on sales and fair prices for their livelihood; (ii) assess price judgement of tourists in two currencies and (iii) determine whether altruism influences price judgement. A mixed-methods approach was followed, where interviews were held with informal craft traders and a questionnaire was electronically administered to 450 international tourists who visited South Africa. The results show that the informal craft traders are supporting extended family members in southern African countries. The informal tourism economy in South Africa therefore plays an integral part in providing a source of livelihood for many migrants. In addition, tourists have inaccurate price judgements, which is more pronounced for lower valued items, and leads to price distortions in the market. We also find that price judgement in the unfamiliar currency distorts the effect of pro-social behaviour on price judgement, with higher levels of altruism only being associated with price overvaluations in the respondent's home currency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper segments a sample of 918 Porto wine cellars visitors based on their wine product involvement. A segmentation methodology was applied to the wine product involvement of wine tourists. Three clusters were identified with high, medium and low wine product involvement levels. The relevant theoretical contribution of this study was to provide new evidence of segmentation based on product involvement studies in the wine tourism market field in an area were empirical studies still remain scarce. The findings offer managerial implications regarding the wine tourists' identification and how to better adapt the visits. This is also the first study demonstrating wine tourist profiling and segmentation specifically applied to involvement with the Porto wine product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]