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Organizational ambidexterity describes firms' ability to pursue exploration and exploitation strategies simultaneously. It is, however, unclear if young SMEs should seek to develop organizations with this ability or if they are better off focusing on just one strategy. To shed light on this matter, this paper investigates the interaction between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) (organic organizing) and process improvement (mechanistic organizing) in relation to firm growth in young SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). We hypothesize that both types of strategies can produce growth for young SMEs but that, due to their incompatibility, young SMEs do not have the resources needed to successfully pursue them both. We test these hypotheses on a sample of 257 young Danish SMEs. Our results confirm that both EO and process improvement have a positive effect on firm growth. The results further show that while process improvement has a considerable positive effect in low EO firms, for high EO firms, this effect is minimal. Thus, high EO firms may waste important resources by putting too much effort into process improvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the factors that influence marketing strategy and marketing performance in SMEs of souvenir food. Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Marketing Orientation (MO), and Unique Resources (UR) are used as independent variables to drive Marketing Strategy (MS) and Marketing Performance (MP). Using a purposive technique, data was collected from 248 SMEs souvenir food, consisting of owners and managers. The research method employed is descriptive correlational, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS 4 program to analyze the data. The findings of the study reveal that EO, MO, and UR play a significant role in enhancing marketing strategies and improving the effectiveness and direction of marketing performance due to their interrelatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial orientation has been recognised as a key driver for bolstering a firm's core competitiveness and fostering the creation of novel advantages. However, the efficacy of entrepreneurial orientation in enhancing the high-tech firm performance has been a controversial issue. We propose an ‘orientation-learning-innovation-performance’ model, which employs the concepts of ambidextrous learning and business model innovation to explore the effects of entrepreneurial orientation on high-tech firm performance within a dynamic environment. PLS-SEM was used to test data gathered from 291 high-tech firms. The results reveal that entrepreneurial orientation does not exert a direct influence on high-tech firm performance, while the mediation role of exploitative learning is not significant. Entrepreneurial orientation mainly influences high-tech firm performance through exploratory learning, ambidextrous learning and business model innovation. This influence is further amplified in contexts characterised by environmental dynamism. Our findings contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial orientation and organisational learning theory, providing insights that firms can use to enhance efficiency and maintain a competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) with social networks (SNs) as a mediator and the business environment (BE) as a moderator among Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in Cambodia. Using a snowballing sampling methodology, the study gathered data from 103 SMEs to undertake the moderation-mediation analysis. The findings show that SN mediates and BE moderates the association between EO and SCA, demonstrating that entrepreneurs focus on leveraging external resources to compete in the marketplace, especially when embedded in a highly dynamic but hostile BE. The evidence shows that a profound understanding of small business internationalisation and operational factors can assist home and host governments to support better the relocation and functioning of SMEs abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine COVID-19 as an external enabling mechanism and propose the interplay between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) beliefs and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) may help explain why some small firms are enabled to exploit disequilibrating environmental changes. We predict that ESE's relationship with performance is mediated through its strategic posture, and the perceived impact of COVID moderates this relationship. We test our moderated-mediation model using data collected over multiple waves from a sample of 190 small business owners. While our findings suggest that an entrepreneur's self-efficacy may contribute to firm performance alone, it appears insufficient to mitigate the perceived negative consequences caused by the pandemic. However, ESE may play a pivotal role when channeled through the firm's strategic orientation. Our results suggest embracing an entrepreneurial orientation is appropriate for navigating stiff economic headwinds and unprecedented uncertainty. Still, the benefits of such a posture can be fully realized only when entrepreneurial self-efficacious managers lead the firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Start-up subsidies play an important role in supporting start-up innovation and performance. However, what characteristics help and hinder start-ups to seek public subsidies remains unclear. We study whether and how founder personality links to entrepreneurs' seeking of start-up subsidies. We argue that greater founders' openness, extraversion, and entrepreneurial orientation enhance seeking of start-up subsidies, while greater founders' agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism inhibit it. Additionally, we argue that entrepreneurial orientation plays a mediating role in the relationship between big five personality traits and start-up subsidies. We find evidence for a positive role of founder entrepreneurial orientation. While we find little evidence for a direct association between founders' big five personality and subsidies, we document an indirect link through entrepreneurial orientation. We also show that personality is not associated with bank financing and borrowing from family and friends while the patterns for venture capital financing are similar to those for subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effect of a firm's entrepreneurial orientation on the individual resilience of small business owners and how this relationship is moderated by firm-level ambidexterity. We build on social cognitive theory to discuss whether and how the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation that is, innovativeness, proactivity, and risk-taking) interact with the two components of ambidexterity (that is, exploration and exploitation) to jointly influence the resilience of small business owners. Our findings indicate that a risk-taking orientation is positively related to resilience and that an innovativeness orientation causes resilience to suffer when an exploitative approach is pursued. For firms with a proactivity orientation, however, exploitation has a positive moderating effect. Our study adds to the literature by linking firm-level determinants and individual-level outcomes in the special context of small businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectuation research suggests that effectuation is most appropriate in pure uncertain conditions. However, effectuation research is unclear about how decision-makers respond to varying levels of perceived uncertainty. Behavioral decision-making research suggests that as uncertainty increases, decision-makers may attempt to protect the status quo rather than engage in new opportunities. The present study combines these thoughts to derive a curvilinear relationship between uncertainty and effectuation, providing a more realistic picture of decision-making logic applied by entrepreneurs of small businesses. We also argue that the curvilinear relationship is moderated by the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the firm. We find, based on data from four samples of 990 entrepreneurs in three emerging economies,support for the curvilinear relationship and the negative moderating effect of EO. Our findings contribute to effectuation theory by extending its theoretical boundaries to include a spectrum of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines two important mediating roles, namely, technology diversity (TD) and intellectual property protection, in the relationship between product innovativeness and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on survey data from 119 Taiwanese SMEs, EO enhances product innovativeness indirectly through TD and IP protection. In addition, market uncertainty moderates three relationships, as follows: TD/product innovativeness positively, and EO/IP protection and IP protection/product innovativeness negatively. Our results improve knowledge of EO and product innovativeness in SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given limited attention to the individual-level antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation in small business ventures, this study explores two antecedents, core self-evaluation and entrepreneurial domain-specific self-efficacy, and links a disposition with a cognition in predicting small business owner-managers' choice of entrepreneurial orientation. We specify and test a partially mediated model with a large sample of owners who are the principal decision-makers in their ventures. The results demonstrate that there is no significant direct relationship between owner-managers' core self-evaluations and their choice of entrepreneurial orientation in the venture, but that entrepreneurial domain-specific self-efficacy significantly mediates the relationship, extending the discussion about the development of entrepreneurial orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constant dynamism of the market forces companies to prepare and acquire knowledge and manage it properly, which in turn will allow them to achieve higher levels of modernity, stability, and solvency, thus improving their chances of survival. In this research paper, we aim to investigate the relationship between Knowledge Transfer and Entrepreneurial Orientation in light of the mediating role played by the Transactive Memory System. The Transactive Memory System is a variable that has been very little studied and understood, but which requires greater attention because it constitutes a common knowledge platform that is encoded, stored, retrieved, and exchanged among the members of the organisation to obtain specialised knowledge in the performance of tasks. To this aim, we use structural equation modelling and further analyse the mediation effect with alternative tests in a sample of 206 manufacturing MSMEs in Ecuador. Among others, the results indicate that the Transactive Memory System exerts a total mediation role between Knowledge Transfer and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at understanding how small and medium accounting practices micromanage their Intellectual Capital (IC) for sustaining their performance in a constantly changing environment, starting from the CAOS framework. The paper employs a quantitative methodology based on a questionnaire developed with the Italian Chartered Accounting Association endorsement. 3,002 questionnaires obtained by solo owners of firms with less than 50 employees were analysed using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings highlight that IC is a complex concept where entrepreneurial and organisational aspects interact together. A micro-level approach could be used to explain IC development. CEO's entrepreneurial orientation can support organisations in building knowledge management tools, as well as developing relational capital. CEOs who are more willing to take risks and innovate can better foster IC development, affecting firm's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the longitudinal case study of the CHINT group for about 40 years, this paper analyses co-evolution of cluster firm innovative capabilities and its external networks; results show that firm's product and market exploratory/exploitative innovation have been improved with the continuous development of network type from manufacturing and marketing network to innovation network, and evolution of network construction by changing network relations, size and range. Then the levels of internal innovative capabilities and developments in different stages restrict and influence the characters and evolutionary path of network types and constructions. But, entrepreneurial orientation will also bring significant impacts on the co-evolution of innovation capabilities and firm's external networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on the dominant employability model by Dacre Pool and Sewell – CareerEDGE model by developing an extended CareerEDGE model for embedding, evaluating and monitoring employability skills relevant to undergraduate students. Drawing on the current literature on employability, the 'Extended CareerEDGE Model' is developed by formulating a measurement framework. Elements of the extended model and framework are discussed and their inclusion is justified on the basis of existing research. The model extends the CareerEDGE model by facilitating the inclusion of entrepreneurship knowledge and skills as student entrepreneurial orientation to engender the requisite entrepreneurial mindset to address the need for intrapreneurial and entrepreneurial skills required to operate in the business environment. The study validates the Extended CareerEDGE Model of graduate employability with responses from 947 students engaged in a core employability-embedded business school undergraduate programme. The study confirms a positive relationship between student entrepreneurial orientation with employability reflection and evaluation. Also, the results confirm a positive relationship between Students' Achievement Orientation with Career Development Learning. A similar positive relationship was established between Students' Achievement Orientation and Degree Subject Knowledge as well as the acquisition of Generic Skills. Additionally, student Learning Orientation positively influences Career Development Learning, Degree Subject Knowledge and Generic Skills acquisition. The extended CareerEDGE model succinctly informs the planning of programmes and structured interventions on employability essentials for students, administrators and academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw on the agency and stewardship perspectives to determine whether and how the effect of family leadership on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship in small and medium (SME) family firms is contingent on the main life cycle dimensions: firm size, generational stage, and board of directors' engagement. The analyses of 284 Belgian family SMEs reveal that nonfamily leaders outperform family leaders in transforming entrepreneurial orientation into performance in larger firms, whereas family leaders outpace nonfamily leaders when the board has a strong engagement in serving the CEO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite having characteristics conducive to innovation, family firms are often thought to be less innovative than their nonfamily counterparts. A potential contributor to this innovation paradox is familiness, or the bundle of resources that derive from involvement of the family in the business. We explore this relationship by investigating the mediating role played by the firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Using a global sample of family firms, we find support for the mediated model, with the underlying dimensions of familiness differing in their influence on EO, which in turn affects a number of innovation outcomes. The findings are used to clarify the innovation paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of an entrepreneurship university involves the promotion and institutionalisation of the orientation towards entrepreneurship of all parts of the university, especially the scientific departments, which is affected by several factors. Therefore, our research investigates the effect of transformational leadership style of academic departments' heads on entrepreneurial orientation of these departments mediated by speaking up behaviour of faculty members. Data were collected from 217 faculty members of 50 academic departments in universities of Qom city and provided support for the model. The findings demonstrated a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and speaking up, between speaking up and entrepreneurial orientation, and between transformational leadership and entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, speaking up mediates the relation between transformation leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation. These findings highlight the catalyst role of speaking up, leveraging transformational leadership as antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation in academic departments. These findings are valuable inputs for managers in university, and policy makers in a higher education sector. Eventually, the theoretical and practical inferences of this research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an expanded view of the E-S-P (Environment-Strategy-Performance) perspective, this study was based on the ESCAPE model to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance under environmental uncertainty in Taiwan's hospitality and tourism start-ups. The findings from 543 entrepreneurs demonstrate that organizational learning mediated between entrepreneurial orientation and that organization performance is also mediated between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage. Moreover, the findings show that environmental uncertainty strengthens the mediation effect on performance and competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in China and Pakistan have shown great interest to participate in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). However, there is a dearth of reliable evidence on how SMEs can easily participate and get maximum benefits of the corridor. This research fills the gap by examining the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the participation of CPEC through a sample of 211 Pakistani SMEs. The emphasis is placed on entrepreneurial orientation, rather than statutory regulations and governmental invention, to meet the desired objectives of CPEC. The results indicate that innovativeness, pro-activeness and risk-taking significantly facilitate SMEs towards CPEC while autonomy and competitive aggressiveness do not influence the perception of top managers/owners about CPEC. Our research recommends SMEs create entrepreneurial culture (specifically innovative, proactive and risk-taking) to gain benefits from export/imports arising CPEC. The findings also recommend policymakers initiate entrepreneurship programs and minimize regulations on internationalization among the SMEs.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to fill the gap on how market dynamism affects the firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and the role of absorptive capacity in this relationship. In contrast to previous studies that propose a linear effect of environmental factors, the results from a sample of 292 Spanish firms in the agri-food industry show a curvilinear relationship (inverted U-shaped) between market dynamism and EO. The main contribution is to demonstrate how this initial relationship is flattened with a higher absorptive capacity, softening the negative effects of dynamism in its extreme values. Therefore, we demonstrate how a firm's resources and capabilities can promote or prevent an entrepreneurial behaviour derived from the perceived market dynamism. Specifically, to operate successfully in a context of strong market dynamism through EO, firms should enhance their absorptive capacity, enabling them to cope more successfully with changing conditions in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local governments consistently face challenges of economic depression and the unexpected events that precipitate them, such as COVID-19. The depressions leave governments taxed for resources, infrastructure, and time. These depressions are often helped by large infusions of federal grant dollars, otherwise known as stimulus-oriented granting. Key variables in determining success in spending these stimulus dollars include government structure and different forms of capacity. These are traditionally tested characteristics that governments already possess. What we know less about is how governments take advantage of these spending opportunities without regard to the resources that are under their control. This is referred to as entrepreneurial orientation. Using the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), this study tests the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, form of government, and capacity on local government spending of federal grant dollars, specifically in stimulus-oriented granting. This study has implications for other stimulus-oriented granting, such as the COVID-19-motivated, Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on international entrepreneurship has studied entrepreneurial orientation's influence on the international performance of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), but scholars need to learn more about the mechanisms that allow a firm to translate its entrepreneurial orientation into new opportunities to enter foreign markets. In this study, we employ effectuation theory to investigate this association and to enhance the understanding of international opportunity development by resource-poor SMEs. Our analysis of 164 SMEs in New Zealand supported the mediating role of effectual and causal decision-making logics in the association between entrepreneurial orientation and international opportunity. Our study contributes to the literature on international entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation and helps SMEs to successfully translate their entrepreneurial orientation to foreign market entries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many companies have paid attention to environmental preservation in recent years. Firms label their goods or services ecologically responsible, becoming a quickly growing trend. This article tries to establish the link between green elements and competitive advantage tactics to progress sustainable manufacturing. It aims to discover the relationship between green innovation, green market orientation, green entrepreneurial orientation, technology readiness, and product quality to attain sustainable business success. Employing simple random sampling, surveys were distributed via email. The present study is a quantitative analysis, and the analytical tool utilized is AMOS and smart PLS program applications. The empirical outcomes find that green factors help companies improve the quality of products and sustainable success. Also, technology readiness positively influences the quality of products and sustainable success in business. In addition, the impact of green entrepreneurial orientation on the quality of products and sustainable success is positive and significant. The findings illustrated that green market orientation is an essential factor in the quality of products and sustainable success in business. Another point is that green innovation positively affects the quality of products and sustainable success. Finally, the quality of products has significantly affected sustainable success in business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is one of the performance measurements in the research on sport entrepreneurship. Another measure of performance studied is coopetition (simultaneous collaboration and competition). This study tested how EO might affect coopetition. In total, 106 sport entrepreneurs from the United States participated in a survey. This survey included an experiment measuring participants' coopetition tendency (the dependent variable) and EO (the independent variable). EO affected coopetition. This relationship was negative among sport entrepreneurs who reported training with their potential competitors and positive among sport entrepreneurs who did not report such training. EO-behaviors (developing sport products, services, techniques, equipment, and practices) can encourage sport entrepreneurs towards coopetition. This might especially be the case for sport entrepreneurs who use their skills acquired from sports that they train or trained alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidemic of COVID-19, the disease triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had major economic, political and social effects worldwide, leading to concern about the disease, especially in the franchise service industry. The purpose of this paper is to review literature on three factors: entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, franchisor support and figure out the relationship of these three factors on franchisee performance. Based on the literature, entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, franchisor resource has positive and significant impact to franchisee performance. Further, franchisor support holds very important role on moderating relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and franchisee performance in this pandemic Covid-19. This paper highlight the concepts to clarify the distinctions between them and suggests the propositions between franchisee entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, and franchisor supports to franchisee performance. Study on franchisee performance is necessary as franchisees are also employees, customers, stakeholders of the franchisors, contribute to the success of franchise system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on entrepreneurial mindset (EM) has proliferated in recent years. Its importance rests on a key assumption: EM matters for entrepreneurial behavior. However, to date, EM conceptualizations remain fragmented, and theories delineating the relationship between EM and the behaviors underpinning entrepreneurship are limited. In this article, we conceptualize EM as a goal orientation formed through dispositional beliefs about entrepreneurship and opportunity beliefs, which results in entrepreneurial behaviors. We draw upon recent advances in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) research at the individual level as a model for dispositional beliefs. Further, we theorize the origins, mechanisms, manifestations, and effect of EM. Finally, we discuss important implications for stakeholders interested in leveraging EM to stimulate entrepreneurial activity and lay out a research agenda for future development of our disposition-based framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to examine predictive factors of entrepreneurial orientation of students in transitional, social, and economic contexts. Attitudes towards work, value orientations, gender, and the entrepreneurial experience of the father and the mother of the respondents were examined as predictor variables. The sample comprised 220 students from both genders with an average age of 21.57 years. The results indicate that, in all three measured components, young men have a more pronounced entrepreneurial orientation compared to young women. Attitudes towards work and organizational values were shown to correlate significantly with entrepreneurial orientation. Experiencing work as an opportunity for personal fulfilment (β = 0.420, sig <0.001), autocratic value orientations (β = 0.269, sig <0.05), and the entrepreneurship of the father were distinguished as significant predictors of entrepreneurial orientation on the total sample (β = 0.211, sig <0.001), as well as on the subsample of young women (β = 0.283, sig <0.05). The results of this research indicate the complexity of relationships between the examined factors and entrepreneurial orientation, the conversance of which provides the basis for conceptualizing the entrepreneurial socialization of young people in a particular social and economic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement in social media (SM) platforms and their ability to enable small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to reach a large audience has led to changes in how entrepreneurial firms carry out their regular activities. Studies on entrepreneurship and SM adoption are relatively new and fragmented; however, there is scant interest from managers, scholars, and governments for future research work in this area in emerging countries. This study aims to investigate the role of SM adoption and innovation capabilities (IC) in improving SME performance. We employ the resource-based view (RBV) as a basis for the conceptual model and infer relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), SM adoption, IC, and SME performance. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to collect data through a web-based survey and quantitative analysis was employed to generalise the results. The proposed relationships are tested on a sample of 431 randomly selected SMEs, applying the PLS algorithm, bootstrapping, and blindfolding techniques using SmartPLS 3.0. The findings reveal that SME performance could be improved by EO, SM adoption, and IC. Additionally, SM adoption significantly mediates the EO–SME-performance relationship, and IC moderates the SM-adoption–SME-performance association. This paper also makes several theoretical and practical contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic viability of forestry contractors is a long-term topic of debate among forest sector professionals and researchers. The forestry contractor business depends heavily on the primary buyers of their services, with a plethora of factors influencing successful business. A survey of 110 forestry contractors from Latvia (LVA) and Sweden (SWE) indicate that the skillfulness of employees, teamwork, good collaboration with business partners, treatment of employees, demand, favorable weather conditions, quality of work, good contract rates, investment in new machinery, and experience in the sector were important factors for success in the forestry contractor business. However, there are differences between the two countries in business-influencing factors. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and financial indicators such as net turnover, net profit, return on assets, return on sales, and the number of employees were significantly higher for LVA forestry contractors. At the same time, net profit per employee and net turnover per employee were' significantly higher for SWE forestry contractors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thesis of the affective and emotional origins of entrepreneurial orientation and technological innovation is yet to emerge. This is highly unusual given the origins of a firm-level entrepreneurial orientation in the decision-making styles, methods, process and practices set by the upper echelons (the CEO) of the firm. This research aims to investigate the mediating effect of firm-level entrepreneurial orientation in the connection between the entrepreneurial passion of CEOs and technological innovation in SMEs. Using data collected through a structured survey questionnaire of privately-owned Chinese SMEs mostly operating in manufacturing industries, the findings show that firm-level entrepreneurial orientation significantly mediates the relationship between CEOs' entrepreneurial passion and technological innovation. Our findings suggest that CEOs entrepreneurial passion indeed predicts firm-level entrepreneurial orientation, and CEOs passionate for entrepreneurship can realise increases in their firm's technological innovation when they can first set in place a strategic posture and set of behaviours commensurate with entrepreneurial orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its importance, entrepreneurship in organizations has not been widely addressed in the sports association sector (sports clubs). In this context, this study analyses the relationships of entrepreneurial orientation and club size with the economic and sporting performances of Spanish non-profit sports clubs. To this end, a total of 300 sports clubs were analyzed through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The results show that risk-taking and innovation are causal conditions for high levels of economic and sporting performance, and large club size is both a core and a causal condition. Practical implications and intervention proposals are addressed, and their derivation considered the results obtained and the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been extensive study in the entrepreneurial orientation domain (EO) from uni-dimensional and multidimensional perspectives and relationships between EO and business growth performance. There has been limited study concerning the EO family and small business relationship and environmental impact from New Zealand perspective. Focusing on family business, this research examined the EO and New Zealand family business growth performance and the environmental effects on the relationship. This research adopted a quantitative method, collected data from 117 participants. Partial least structure and structural equation model analysis were used to test seven hypothesis on the relationship of EO and family business growth performance, the influence of dynamic and hostile environments on the relationship. It was found EO dimension variables were a strong predictor of family business growth performance, EO family business positively related, and that environmental factors strongly mediate the relationship between EO and family growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analysed the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). This study attempted to measure the mediating effects of product innovation performance between SMEs to identify the missing links between entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of SMEs. We also investigate the relationship between product development speed and product quality. A survey was administered to 1775 Korean SMEs, of which a total of 233 responses were used for the empirical analysis by applying a structural equation model. The empirical results show that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on corporate performance, mediated by the product development speed and product quality. It was found that the product development speed had a positive effect on the product quality and that the path leading to the product development speed and product quality mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and corporate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a new perspective on the entrepreneurial orientation, learning, and performance relationship by exploring the role of a new learning typology. Specifically, the mediating role of failure learning orientation in the entrepreneurial orientation and financial performance relationship among U.S. biotechnology companies is explored. Failure learning orientation and entrepreneurial orientation were found to have independent effects on performance. This study adds depth to the understanding of entrepreneurial orientation and firm-level learning as well as furthers the empirical examination of a new strategic orientation that conceptualizes learning from failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to present a conceptualization of entrepreneurial marketing approaches that wineries can adopt in internationalization. Bringing together literature on marketing, entrepreneurship, internationalization, networks and serendipity, we argue that adopting an entrepreneurial marketing orientation (EMO) is appropriate for the wine industry and offer a set of propositions based on networks and serendipity literature to support an EMO and internationalization framework. EMO allows the wine industry to navigate the competitive and turbulent nature of the industry and overcome the challenges during the early stage of the internationalization journey. The paper offers a foundation to better understand the internationalization process of the wine sector and the benefits of EMO to wineries entering international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a major strategy for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Prior studies have focused mainly on the EO-performance relationship in the traditional market. This article investigates the EO of online SMEs using a panel of secondary data for 149 SMEs from Alibaba.com over a three-month period. The results suggest that proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness have significant effects on online performance for SMEs in the business-to-business (B2B) electronic market. Online credibility plays an important role when SMEs adopt a strategy of proactiveness in the electronic market, but does not enhance the effectiveness of competitive aggressiveness. These findings offer managerial implications for online SMEs and suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study strives to explore the nexus between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), total quality management (TQM), competitive intensity (CI) and firm performance in the context of an emerging laggard economy in the South-Eastern European region. Moreover, the present study aims to examine the effect of each dimension of EO (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking) on the TQM and firm performance. The proposed conceptual model and research hypotheses were tested through structural equation modelling (SEM). Our results show that TQM partially mediates the relationship between EO and firm performance and that as the intensity of competition increases, the direct effect of EO on firm performance becomes stronger. Thus, this study contributes to the EO and TQM literature by arguing that EO as a strategic orientation is positively related to firm performance outcomes through the mechanism of TQM practices. Moreover, this study adds to the current literature by revealing that the effectiveness of the synergetic effect of EO and TQM of firm performance outcomes is contingent on the market environment conditions (i.e. competitive intensity). Regarding the relative importance of EO dimensions, findings indicate that innovativeness and proactiveness are vital pillars of organisational processes aimed at developing TQM practices to enhance firm performance outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a stage of life cycle maturity, the unique advantages of family influence are often outweighed by organizational conditions of conflict, risk-aversion, and inertia which makes it difficult to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. Guided by the proposition that a positive culture enables the entrepreneurial spirit to be preserved over time, this study focuses on examining the cultural dynamics between family and business social systems to advance our understanding of the heterogeneity of mature family firms in terms of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Specifically, it bridges the link between family commitment and firm-level EO by considering long-term orientation and stewardship climate to operate as organizational culture mechanisms. From a quantitative study of 208 family firms, the findings provide evidence for EO to be supported by the proposed serial mediation process. A family's strong commitment toward the business thus seems to stimulate EO only when passing through long-term-oriented priorities among the firm's dominant coalition and an organizational environment characterized by collective stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work integration social enterprises (WISEs) exist to fight poverty and social exclusion. They offer support and guidance to those at risk of exclusion to help these individuals join the labour market. This study examines the relationship between social enterprises (specifically, work integration social enterprises) and their social impact, considered here in the form of social sustainability. This article presents the results of empirical analysis of 62 Spanish work integration social enterprises using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The article focuses on the entrepreneurial characteristics of the companies' founders and managers as drivers of social value creation. Specifically, the study examines their entrepreneurial traits, capabilities, orientation, and behaviour. The results show the importance of the training that social entrepreneurs receive, as well as the structure and planning of social enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographic, societal and medical-technical changes together with a continuous cost increase propose substantial challenges to healthcare systems. To mitigate the persistent challenges, we propose solutions offered by entrepreneurial activities and innovative forces. Entrepreneurial activities are a key element of economic performance and are vital to ensure a sustainable healthcare system. However entrepreneurial development proceeds slowly in the healthcare sector. Based on the concept of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), which regularly is described by the dimensions innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking, we developed relevant knowledge by interviewing selected experts in German healthcare organizations. To find out more about obstacles and stimuli of entrepreneurial activities, data collection focused on respective influencing factors. Furthermore, outcomes of entrepreneurial activities were investigated. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Ultimately it is shown that governmental and intra-organizational regulation frequently impedes entrepreneurial activities. Stimuli of entrepreneurial activities may derive from the market environment and competitive constraints, financial incentives, technological and social development, autonomy of involved actors, and an entrepreneurial and collaborative mindset of healthcare leaders, policy makers and employees. If entrepreneurial activities were undertaken, they regularly aim to improve quality and efficiency of healthcare. Therefore, it is vital to create an entrepreneurial environment to ensure innovative developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the corporate entrepreneurship (CE) theory, this article examines the rise of the Spanish engineering consulting firm Técnica y Proyectos SA (TYPSA), from its foundation, in 1966, as a project office within a larger national-based construction fgroup, until its consolidation as a family multinational in the 2000s. Our research shows how contextual and intra-organizational changes affect the CE drivers identified by entrepreneurship theory, and highlights resilience as a new element reinforcing entrepreneurial orientation over time. The study also enriches the Chandlerian-biased historical debate by focusing on project-based professional services and assessing the role of decentralization and managerial leadership in corporate entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firm-level entrepreneurship has recently gained increasing popularity, as it often results in superior performance and creates a competitive advantage. Although the positive effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organisational outcomes have been researched extensively, few scholars have considered employees' perception of a firm's EO and its benefits in different organisational contexts. This study examines whether a system of human resource management practices, that is, high-performance workplace systems (HPWSs) moderates the negative relationship between employees' perceptions of organisational EO and job stressors in different settings. In line with the job demands–resources model, the findings indicate that HPWSs are beneficial, but their effects within different contexts should be noted. In manufacturing organisations, HPWSs contribute very little to reducing job stressors when EO perceptions are high, but they mitigate job stressors when EO is low. In service settings, employees who perceive their organisation's EO to be either low or high experience high levels of job stressors, irrespective of how they perceive the organisation's HPWSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique characteristics of social media (SM) have made it difficult to implement this tool within many large organisations. This paper seeks to identify the implementation challenges and evaluate alternative organisational orientations that may provide solutions. We aimed to reconcile theory with current practice by integrating the extant literature with data from three focus groups involving 27 senior marketing executives. The managerial discussions identified additional challenges to those previously discussed in the literature, which appear to result from SM’s unique characteristics. These include: interactivity, the integration of communication into distribution channels, collaborative media and information collection. Using both broad orientation models (market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation) and a specific digital orientation (e-marketing orientation), guidelines and research propositions for effective implementation are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Firm-specific human capital (HC) is widely recognised as the most important resource for superior firm performance. Contemporary literature on the resource-based view (RBV) and resource orchestration has stressed the importance of organising resources, such as firm-specific HC, in order to fully exploit them. However, companies with idiosyncratic resources cannot rely on established resource exploitation practices, making the exploitation of firm-specific HC a complex issue. Nevertheless, few studies have empirically examined how to orchestrate firm-specific HC. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine how resource orchestration—operationalised as collaborative human resource management (CHRM) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) both individually and combined—moderates the relationship between firm-specific HC and firm performance. Based on a sample of 151 Swedish manufacturing firms, the findings demonstrate that CHRM and EO do not independently influence the relationship between firm-specific HC and performance. However, firms with firm-specific HC benefit from either being highly entrepreneurial and relying on CHRM or being non-entrepreneurial and not focusing on CHRM; they perform worst if they are entrepreneurial without using CHRM. Whereas previous RBV-studies on resource exploitation have mainly stressed that HC has to be exploited, this study contributes to the RBV by examining how firm-specific HC should be exploited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) has been an important construct of entrepreneurship and business strategy since it was first introduced in 1983 by Danny Miller. Still, it does not fully address the human-centered factors influencing organizations today. Therefore, the concept of humane entrepreneurship (HumEnt) was introduced to better understand organizations' human side of entrepreneurial development. HumEnt explores how effective people management practices affect employee engagement, innovation, and business growth. The new concept of Humane Entrepreneurial Framework outlines the process of creating HumEnt that focuses on the people side of the business, introducing the elements of high-performance work systems (HPWS) to a company's entrepreneurial strategy. Building on HPWS and EO research, this article proposes a model suggesting that a "humane" approach to managing employees is a key antecedent to creating and maintaining EO; furthermore, humane organizational practices ultimately lead to sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation in companies. Future research directions are also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humane entrepreneurship (HumEnt) is a new model of entrepreneurship in which the attention that firms have traditionally paid to business is integrated with care for the following: firm members, the planet, and society at large. The goal of this article is to address some preliminary issues to develop a measurement scale to validate firm humane entrepreneurial orientation (HEO). The articles defines HEO beginning with the review of the main literature in terms of its three components: entrepreneurial orientation (EO), sustainable orientation (SO), and humane resource orientation (HRO). The article thereby makes some contributions with regard to how and at which organizational level the components of HEO can be measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the relationship between open innovation (OI), organisational ambidexterity (OA), and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Since OA is central to the short and long-term survival of the firm, there is an enormous interest in investigating organisational mechanisms for achieving higher levels of OA. Prior studies have mostly concentrated on 'internal' mechanisms, and less attention has been given to how open innovation practices can promote OA. Our observation of 214 Iran knowledge-intensive firms indicates that OI, entailing inbound and outbound open innovation activities, significantly enhances OA. Yet, contrary to our expectation, EO negatively moderates the relationship between OI and OA in the developing context of Iran. This provides compelling insights into how an open innovation approach can compensate the necessity of risky and proactive entrepreneurial activities in the less developed institutional contexts where institutional voids enhance the costs and risks of entrepreneurial initiatives. The discussion finally suggests the theoretical and managerial implications of the study and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family business is a broad concept in which various fields, elements and corresponding influences overlap. Family-specific business motives, behaviours, relationships, emotions and other specificities constitute the heterogeneity of family business. Very strong social and emotional implications in family business indirectly affect family life and even the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to sum up and expand on the understanding of the heterogeneity of small family businesses. It also aims to identify and measure the specific entrepreneurial attributes, knowledge and socioemotional wealth (S.E.W.) of owners. For a sample of small family hotel owners in Croatia, each owner's specific knowledge, entrepreneurial orientation and motives for establishing a family hotel are analysed, considering the important role of tourism for Croatia. The empirical analysis in this article shows the effects of these distinct characteristics of owners on family-specific performance, where non-financial performance is more relevant. The study also offers a recommendation that local and regional governments organise specific education and networking events, given that the owners in this study who had participated in business-related education performed better. Therefore, low levels of innovation in family business could be improved with education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]