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Abstract Eucalyptus globulus is the second most important economic forest species in Chile. Its main use is in the kraft pulp industry, where large amounts of bark waste are generated. Due to its fibrous characteristics, E. globulus bark is proposed as an alternative source of fibres for papermaking. This study focuses on obtaining fibres for liner paper manufacture. A neutral sulphite semi-chemical (NSSC) process was performed, varying the sodium sulphite (5% to 16%) and the sodium carbonate (2% and 4%) concentrations using two reaction temperatures (160°C and 170°C). The NSSC process at 170°C, 16% of sulphite, and 2% of sodium carbonate proved to be the best condition to obtain higher mechanical performance of papers. As the pulping conditions become more drastic, the yield drops, and the physicomechanical properties of paper increases. Results showed that pulps from E. globulus bark could turn into source of fibres for papermaking and other related products.

Recension d’ouvrage: Seralini, G.-E.; Douzelet, J. L'affaire Roundup à la lumière des Monsanto Papers. Paris: Éditions Actes Sud, 2020.

Abstract Insulating paper holds significant importance in the insulation system of power transformers, and thus, its degradation is the subject of many studies. A successful evaluation of the degradation rate of such paper contributes to reducing downtime and avoiding equipment failure. In this work, samples of thermally upgraded paper were thermally aged in insulating natural ester (INE) and insulating mineral oil (IMO) and were evaluated by degree of polymerization (DP) and FTIR-ATR. It was possible to identify characteristic bands of dicyandiamide, an inhibitory compound of the thermal degradation of the paper, and to establish a correlation between the decrease in DP and the consumption of dicyandiamide during aging, which was observed to develop in three distinct steps for both IMO and INE.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the application of an amphoteric polymer, with acidic and basic groups on the polymer chain, as a paper dry strength additive. The polymer studied here is random terpolymer of high electrostatic charge density, and high molecular weight. The results of our work showed that the balance between the charge densities of the surface and the polymer structures is an important factor to be considered when using this polymer. The highest paper strength value, measured by tensile index, was found at the polyampholyte’s isoelectric point (ca. pH of 7.3) when the charge of the fiber surface was negative and the polymer structure charge was symmetric. This observation agrees with our dynamic light scattering results which, demonstrated that at the isoelectric point there was a maximum in association among polyampholyte molecules, leading to a maximum in size of molecular aggregates. When adsorbed on an electrically charged surface, the maximum amount of adsorbed polymer, measured by the shift in resonance frequency in a quartz crystal microgravimetric balance, was observed for the same isoelectric point. Better results for paper dry strength were found when the fiber surface and the polymer structures were oppositely charged or at the isoelectric point of the polymer. Less effective addition strategies were found in the case when the fiber surfaces and the polymer structures had same sign of charge. DOI: 2446941601022015065

The proposition of thinking about the Organizational Studies from Latin America (LA) has as its premise to acknowledge that epistemology is political and that there exists an epistemology of domination which is inseparable from its material foundation. First, this essay discusses the meaning of LA, arguing that it is both a geopolitical space and a category of analysis. It then analyzes Organizational Studies in LA from the Brazilian perspective. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of knowledge based on a critical ethic that contributes to make organizational processes that confront the multiple concrete expressions of coloniality visible, which be also relevant to struggling communities and collectives.

RESUMEN A lo largo de la segunda mitad siglo XX en la Argentina diferentes actores inscriptos en las instituciones de formación de profesores de Educación Física procuraron promover disimiles discursos y prácticas con el objeto de legitimar en distintas esferas sociales a la disciplina. En esos procesos se establecieron diálogos con diversos saberes científicos constituyéndose lo que los actores de la Educación Física denominaron como “tradiciones disciplinares”, asimismo promovieron desiguales inscripciones dentro del sistema de educación superior. En este artículo profundizaremos en los procesos de configuración de las saberes y prácticas que hicieron a la construcción de la identidad de los profesores de educación física en las décadas de 1970 y 1980. Para ello, analizaremos fuentes primarias y secundarias entre ellas se destacan los planes de estudio y los expedientes administrativos de distintas instituciones de formación. En cada uno de los casos atenderemos a las tramas de construcción de los mismos. El recorrido posibilitará evidenciará que en el período considerado las producciones identitarias de los profesores de educación física comenzarán a pensarse en una relación de necesidad y de tensión entre la investigación y la docencia.

Andrew Chesterman's Reflections on Translation Theory publication consists of a collection of author's articles written over years of academic activity. The title summarizes the content of the works: a reflection on translation theories. In addition to debates on theories, concepts, and methodologies, Chesterman also provides significant contributions to discipline questions and concerns. The result of the fruitful discussions is a series of research work proposals. Thus, the book is an important and constructive debate for the discipline and the researchers.

The regular school and the special school, despite having diferents work proposals, have a common purpose, to educate and empower the autonomy and the adaptive capacity of the individuals. This study has a general objective to identify the perception of autonomy and support intensity for parents and teachers of children with intellectual disabilities. The research had a transversal approach with explanatory, descriptive and qualitative character. Five children were studied had ages between seven and ten years and a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Data collection was done with four teachers and four mothers related to the same child, so the research had the participation of 8 individuals. The results demonstrate perceptions of a greater intensity of support reported by those responsible for the children who are the target of the research when compared to the teachers, as well as the view they have about autonomy that is not in accordance with the literature (Silva, 2008) and the perception about the tutor’s duties are not in accordance with the Brazilian Inclusion Law. It is possible to understand the importance of teacher training for diversity so that they feel more secure in the face of the new paradigms of inclusive education. It seeks to understand the necessary supports for each child specifically, so that it is possible to draw strategies more effective than the paraprofessional

The pulp and paper industry is important to the Brazilian economy. In the present study, we investigated Corymbia citriodora wood in three soil types: Quartzarenic Neossol, Red Latosol and Red Nitosol. We aimed to determine how differences in physical, chemical and water-holding capacity among these three types of soils can cause changes in wood density and anatomical ratios in C. citriodora wood, important parameters in the production of pulp and paper. We used standard techniques in the methodology. Soil types did infuence wood quality and could be used as a factor in considering the fnal quality of the product. Corymbia citriodora wood have not previously been considered for use in paper/pulp production. However, if we consider wood density as a key factor, wood from Red Nitosol - NV trees can be used since lower basic densities were identifed and are most appropriate for the production of printing and writing paper, owing to fber features. Otherwise, woods from Quartzarenic Neossol - RQ and Red Latosol - LV trees are more suitable for absorbent paper (tissue). We found that more clayey soil promotes lower basic density, and NV soil was found to be the most clayey of the studied soils. Based on nutritional information from soil, it appears that wood from LV soil trees would be the most suitable for present fewer problems in production. However, to be sure of this tentative conclusion, the contents of these nutrients would have to be analyzed in wood ash.

Objectiu: analitzar les enquadernacions artístiques dels impresos del segle xviii recollides en la Base de dades d'enquadernació historicoartística de la Real Biblioteca per localitzar-hi les guardes dutes a terme amb papers decorats, amb la finalitat de classificar-los i descriure'ls segons les propostes de la literatura especialitzada. -- Metodologia: es recuperen els registres de la base de dades pel camp 'Fecha', s'extreu la informació dels camps 'Guardas' i 'Notas', s'analitzen les reproduccions de les guardes, s'identifiquen i es descriuen seguint el model de classificació de papers decorats, prèviament elaborat, inspirat en els treballs del professor Carpallo Bautista, format per cinc tècniques i les seves variants, i finalment s'efectua una anàlisi comparativa. -- Resultats: entre els 382 exemplars amb enquadernacions artístiques dels impresos del segle xviii s'han localitzat i analitzat 10 exemplars que inclouen guardes decorades amb planxes xilogràfiques, 135 papers marbrats o jaspiats amb bany (amb dissenys corresponents a 7 variants), 4 exemplars de papers encolats amb engrut, 3 exemplars de papers esquitxats, 18 exemplars amb papers daurats i gofrats, i 4 exemplars d'altres tipus (paper argentat, paper de percalina). Objective: to analyse the artistic bindings of the eighteenth-century prints stored in the Historical-artistic Binding Database of the Royal Library, in order to locate the endpapers made with decorated papers, and to classify and describe them according to the proposals of the specialist literature. -- Methodology: The records from the database were retrieved using the 'date' field, and the information is extracted from the 'endpapers' and 'notes' fields. The reproductions of the endpapers were analysed, identified and described following the classification model of decorated papers inspired by the works of Professor Carpallo Bautista, consisting of five techniques and their variants. Finally, a comparative analysis was carried out. -- Results: Among the 382 eighteenth-century prints with artistic bindings, ten were located and analysed that include endpapers decorated with xylographic plates, 135 with marbled or mottled papers (with designs corresponding to seven variants), four with paste-glued papers, three with dotted papers, 18 with gold and embossed papers, and four of other kinds such as silver or percaline paper.

Este artigo aborda o futuro do trabalho como fenômeno comu-nicacional, por meio de sua análise como construção discursiva. Elegemos como objeto dois relatórios, dois documentos prospectivos: um assinado pelo World Economic Forum — talvez o maior porta-voz do capitalismo global — e outro da corporação Dell Technologies, expoente da economia digital mundial. Buscamos identificar de que forma esses discursos sobre o futuro do trabalho mobilizam códigos hegemônicos do neoliberalismo, compreendido como lógica social. Essa lógica pressupõe a produção de sujeitos, por meio de competências, perfis, como capital humano a ser gerido com eficácia. A metodologia é baseada na noção de discurso social de Angenot — que propõe a análise do espírito do tempo em sua disseminação nos discursos de dado contexto histórico e social.

Johnson-Laird and Byrne proposed in 2002 that, beyond the two traditional interpretations that are assigned to if, that is, the material and the biconditional ones, eight more combinations of possibilities related to their meaning can be attributed to this kind of sentences. The initial hypothesis in the present study is that not all of those ten interpretations should be usual in academic texts, since some of them resort, for example, to figurative language or irony. In this way, a study of a psychology paper is carried out in order to check that hypothesis. The results are that, at least in that paper, the uses of if tend to be linked to the interpretation that both Johnson-Laird and Byrne and the literature in general relate to the biconditional.

ABSTRACT Vascular accesses for hemodialysis are considered the patient’s lifeline and their maintenance is essential for treatment continuity. Following the example of institutions in other countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, the Brazilian Society of Nephrology developed these guidelines for healthcare services, elaborating on the importance of carrying out procedures for the preparation and preservation of vascular accesses. Creating definitive accesses for hemodialysis, grafts and arteriovenous fistulas are non-elective procedures, as well as the transition from the use of non-tunneled catheters to tunneled catheters, which cause less morbidity. In the case of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection, one may postpone the procedures for the quarantine period, to avoid spreading the disease.

We present here thirteen previously unpublished letters from the Hubert Jennings Papers, including twelve letters signed by members of Fernando Pessoa’s extended family, plus one letter drafted by Hubert Jennings himself. This correspondence covers a period of time of almost three years, dating from 10 February 1967 to 15 January 1970. Chronologically situated in between the two previously known letters sent from Michael and Teca (published in Pessoa Plural 8), these new documents greatly enrich our understanding of the relationship between Hubert and Pessoa's family, their joined efforts to secure a grant from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, and the early inventory of Pessoa’s archive.

During a conservation project of a luso-oriental altar ivory cross from the 17th century, 59 paper fragments were found on its four level step base, between some of the low relief ivory plates and its wooden sockets of the four level base, and behind some cabochons of the decoration. Some fragments present a watermark and hand writing. These elements, together with the observation of the stains, dimension of fragments and their perforations, lead us to formulate the hypothesis of their having occurred three mountings, in different time periods. The paper characteristics and the history of other materials used in those mountings permit to pinpoint time periods for their occurrence.

Abstract The objective of this short paper was to provide some advice on how to write a geoscience paper of international standard and to warn against some common pitfalls. It is focused on how to structure a paper and stresses the importance of building its contents around a well-defined problem. Furthermore, the importance of moving away from outdated and counterproductive ways of describing and interpreting deformation is emphasized. In particular, describing structures and tectonic evolution in a poorly founded scheme of multiple deformation phases and making stress interpretations from structurally complex and heterogeneous rocks where rotations and stress perturbations are difficult or impossible to account for are strongly discouraged. Instead, I encourage the use of modern structural geology and tectonics ideas that, among other things, allow for composite and overprinting structures to form progressively and diachronously with a wide variation in style and orientation during a single deformation history. Also, more emphasis should be put on strain and kinematics, toning down the use of stress. After all, stress is only observed through strain and kinematics; going from one to the other is not straightforward in general, and particularly difficult in ductilely deformed rocks.

The role play in the Cultural Historical perspective is a highly evolved form of play. In it the child reconstitutes social activity and tries to represent it, reproducing the concrete activity of people in their relationships and diversity. Therefore, the themes of the games can be varied and changeable depending on the objective situations in which the child participates. As a dominant activity of the preschool age, role play can foster children's psychic development. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of organized spaces and the insertion of new themes in social role play. Method: 25 children from four to five years of age participated in the Municipal Infantile Education of the city of Bauru- SP. The observational and descriptive analysis was adopted. Results: The data generated by graphs 1 and 2 and tables 1, 2, 3 demonstrate, above all, that the theme and the argument of the play enabled an advance in the levels of development of role play after the study of the theme and performance of roles in Spaces.

Os desastres naturais têm gerado, em diversas localidades, um grande número de desabrigados e, consequentemente, a necessidade de habitações temporárias. Em resposta a isso, o arquiteto Shigeru Ban desenvolveu em 1995 o projeto de uma habitação temporária denominada "Paper Log House" para os desabrigados após um terremoto no Japão, reutilizando tubos de papel. Posteriormente, a Paper Log House foi utilizada como resposta a desastres em diferentes locais, sendo modificada para se adaptar a cada contexto. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa dessas habitações temporárias, utilizadas no Japão, na Turquia, na Índia e nas Filipinas, e avaliar aplicações no contexto brasileiro. Utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica para averiguar a reutilização de tubos de papel na arquitetura de Shigeru Ban e as características projetuais e construtivas da primeira Paper Log House. Após isso, foi realizada uma análise comparando os quatro casos e são apresentados estudos realizados no Brasil, referentes a ensaios laboratoriais e à construção de uma réplica da Paper Log House. Com os resultados da análise comparativa pode-se concluir que os aspectos culturais, econômicos e ambientais de cada contexto são de grande importância no projeto. Observou-se que seria possível construir obras semelhantes às do arquiteto Shigeru Ban com os tubos de papel fabricados no Brasil, a partir de soluções projetuais para compensar a baixa resistência mecânica dos tubos. Também se verificou que o sistema construtivo da Paper Log House pode ser vantajoso em termos econômicos como resposta a situações emergenciais no País.

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En aquest article es presenten les activitats i experiències impulsades des de la Cartoteca de Catalunya amb l'objectiu de visibilitzar i reconèixer els treballs de les dones en un camp tradicionalment amb una gran presència d'homes, com són les ciències de la terra. Les dues activitats principals se centren en la celebració d'exposicions per donar difusió al fons propi de la Cartoteca, i a intentar desenvolupar col·leccions més equilibrades des del punt de vista de gènere. This article describes the activities designed by the Map Library of Catalonia to draw attention to the contributions of women to Earth sciences, a field traditionally dominated by men. The Library’s two main lines of action are the organization of exhibitions to bring its holdings to a wider public, and its project to develop more gender-balanced collections.

The Green Paper on the modernization of public procurement policy of the European Union launched a reflection on how such EU rules can contribute to fulfill the objectives proposed in the Europe 2020 strategy. This paper analyzes its proposals and identifies its inconsistencies. In particular, it is stressed how European integration has subverted the order of priorities in public procurement rules, upgrading the promotion of the free market to the top of the list. An economistic approach to the legal issue of public procurement seems to be the reason behind such reorganization of priorities. The conflict between political and economic rationalities, which underlies the Green Paper, gives rise to a number of questions, such as how targets other than free competition –mainly the social and environmental ones– shall be taken into account in public procurement; as well as to some proposals, for instance concerning the joint procurement by different administrations (in both the vertical and horizontal sense, and even encouraging a cross-border component), which seems to point to a reorganization of bureaucracy according to economic rationality. The paper, in a final step, aims at describing the (European) social model that implicitly underlies these proposals. El Libro Verde sobre la modernización de la política de contratación pública de la Unión Europea propone una reflexión acerca de qué modo las normas comunitarias sobre la materia pueden contribuir a hacer realidad los objetivos propuestos en la estrategia Europa 2020. En este trabajo se analizan las propuestas recogidas en el Libro Verde y se identifican sus incoherencias. En particular se hace hincapié en cómo el proceso de integración europea ha alterado el orden de prioridades de las normas de contratación pública, elevando la promoción del libre mercado a la cúspide de las mismas. La razón de esa reorganización de prioridades parece radicar en la aplicación de un enfoque economicista a la cuestión jurídica de la contratación pública. El conflicto entre las racionalidades económica y política, que también subyace en el Libro Verde, da lugar a una serie de preguntas tales como cómo deben ser tenidos en cuenta objetivos distintos a la libre competencia (fundamentalmente los sociales y medioambientales) en los procedimientos de contratación pública, así como a algunas propuestas, por ejemplo referidas a la contratación conjunta por varias administraciones (tanto en sentido horizontal como vertical, e incluso fomentándose el componente transfronterizo), lo que parece apuntar a la reorganización del aparato administrativo conforme a la racionalidad económica. El trabajo, en último término, pretende describir el modelo social (europeo) que tácitamente implican estas propuestas.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2009257

Journals are the most important vehicles for sharing research results. Some countries (such as Brazil, Chile and Portugal) are underrepresented in terms of originating papers published in top Information Systems journals. This theoretical paper aims to provide a roadmap signposting the key elements for a paper to meet the criteria for publication in the top Information Systems journals. Ten dimensions for critically reviewing Information Systems papers were identified in the literature. Considering the importance of having a paper published in a top journal, for both the author and for the institution to which he is affiliated, this paper might be used by researchers wishing to submit papers to top journals, as well as by editors and reviewers who might benefit by reflecting on the standards adopted in peer review systems.

This paper aimed to carry out an analysis of Joule’s original texts, written in the middle of the XIX century, trying to understand how the changes in heat concept occurred throughout his work. To support the theoretical analysis, a literature review was made with texts about the Science history and the study of alternative conceptions about heat. Guided by this literature review, the Discursive Textual Analysis was used as the methodology to examine which factors influenced Joule in changing his conception of the nature of heat. Joule initially accept the caloric theory and, instigated by internal aspects of his research and work by other researchers such as: Rumford, Davy and Herapath, he begins to understand the heat as a state of motion of the particles. We believe this work has the potential to serve as a subsidy for the teaching of Physics, where the study of Joule’s work can contribute so that there is a reframing of the heat concept for the students.

This paper approaches issues about stages of mental development based on the work of Daniil El’konin and the theoretical methodological foundations of historical cultural psychology in L. S. Vygotsky and A. N. Leont’ev. It is analyzed the mental development as part of the development of personality in the context of childhood school education from the perspective of historical critical pedagogy of Dermeval Saviani.

Chile es un caso emblemático en la apertura de la educación superior al libre mercado y en la reformulación de las lógicas que regulan la producción científica en las universidades. Esto se traduce en un sistema de gestión del personal académico orientado por bonos de productividad asociados a las publicaciones de alto impacto, distribución de fondos de investigación condicionados a la productividad de investigadores y jerarquización de las tareas académicas. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un estudio que buscó explorar y comprender cómo académicas y académicos de ciencias sociales, altamente productivas y productivos, describen la escritura científica desde la práctica laboral cotidiana enmarcada en nuevas regulaciones de la producción científica. A partir del análisis de 20 entrevistas, proponemos que hay facetas fundamentales para definir la escritura científica: la afectividad, la fragilidad y la estrategia. Éstas dan cuenta de aspectos cotidianos, así como de tensiones y conflictos presentes en el proceso de escritura científica

How can we understand the role of the police in Brazil’s public security system? In particular, have reforms initiated since the 1985 transition to democracy made the police more accountable to the public? This article addresses those questions. The next section describes the importance of public security as a political issue in Brazil. The article then examines the notion of accountability, and offers a justification of the use of case studies from Recife with which to explore the dilemmas of public security reform. In the following sections, the article analyses the impact of two new accountability mechanisms on policing in Recife – the police ombudsman and community councils. The article argues that so far, the operation of these mechanisms has been marked by informal barriers, barriers that have stymied the enhancement of police accountability to the public. The conclusion summarizes the argument.

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Objectiu: reflexionar sobre els rols del professor com a recomanador i prescriptor de lectures i sobre el lloc que ocupa cadascuna d'aquestes funcions en l'educació literària de l'alumnat. -- Metodologia: revisió bibliogràfica en el camp de la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura i presentació de certes situacions escolars de lectura que exemplifiquen els supòsits des dels quals es pensa el rol docent. -- Resultats: un dels avenços més grans que s'han produït en els darrers anys en la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura es vincula amb la definició progressiva de les funcions docents i dels objectius educatius relacionats amb els processos de formació del lector literari en el context escolar. En aquest marc cal renovar els processos de formació del professorat per tal d'assegurar la construcció del cànon formatiu que requereix la pràctica professional del mediador escolar de lectures. Objective: This article reflects on what teachers do when they recommend and prescribe works of literature to their students. It also examines how recommendation and prescription are important in children’s literary education. -- Methodology: The article reviews the research on language and literature education and examines particular classroom scenarios that explain why teachers choose certain roles over other when they recommend and prescribe works of literature. -- Results: In recent years, the most important progress in language and literature education has been tied to redefining teachers’ roles and the objectives of education as these relate to children’s acquisition of literary reading skills. In this context, teacher education programmes need to be revised in order to equip teachers with a literary canon that helps them address their task effectively.

The first sentence in the abstract should be replaced with the sentence "A sequence $(x_{k})$ is called arithmetically convergent if for each $\varepsilon > 0$ there is an integer $n_{0}$ such that $|x_{m} - x_{}| \geq n_{0}$, where the symbol $< m, n >$ denotes the greatest common divisor of the integers $m$ and $n$".

This paper presents a multi-user mobile learning system—specifically designed to enhance collaborative language learning through mobile devices. The system delivers an app version of a paper-based learning task, called Terminkalender, which has successfully been used for several years with students from an A1-level German language course (CEFR). The learning task requires students to interact with each other via text messages in order to jointly plan different activities and record them in an appointment calendar. While the paper-based version already had a great potential for engaging students to interact in the target language, the app not only facilitates students’ interaction, but also allows teachers to easily trace back and analyse learners’ interaction. To this end, specific software implementing several features was developed: a web-based platform for system administration, an in-app text chat function, real-time feedback on learner performance as well as a log function for storage and assessment of learners’ interaction. The experiment sheds some light on the potential of the designed system for analysing learners’ behaviour and interaction patterns as well as assessing different indicators with regard to the student use and competencies in the target language.

Ferramentas para auxílio de análise ergonômica são frequentemente utilizadas quando há a necessidade de avaliação de riscos musculoesqueléticos no trabalho. Dessas ferramentas, uma das mais conhecidas é a REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). Seu amplo uso fez com que suas formas de distribuição e aplicação fossem alteradas por vários autores, de forma a tentar encontrar a melhor maneira de aplicação. Inclusive, com o advento de celulares e tablets, foram feitas diversas versões em aplicativo da ferramenta. Pouco pode ser encontrado sobre a usabilidade desse método, ainda mais em qual versão é mais apropriado, em termos de usabilidade. Objetivou-se neste artigo realizar uma avaliação de usabilidade da ferramenta REBA em duas diferentes versões para verificar a influência que a usabilidade da ferramenta tem nos seus resultados. Acredita-se que qualquer tipo de ferramenta para uma avaliação ergonômica deve, de forma intrínseca, ser usável, pois sua usabilidade tem influência direta em sua confiabilidade e replicabilidade. Sendo assim, fez-se uma análise comparativa de usabilidade com a ferramenta em versão papel e aplicativos para celular com oito sujeitos para a verificação de tal usabilidade. Encontrou-se melhor usabilidade para o aplicativo, mas confiabilidade equiparada para as duas versões. Assim, constata-se que as duas podem ser igualmente usadas para avaliação REBA.

O artigo analisa a produção acadêmica publicada nas principais plataformas brasileiras de divulgação cientifica acerca da avaliação na Educação Infantil. O estudo utilizou como aporte metodológico a Analise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1996 até 2015. Os dados foram classificados em quatro categorias de analise, que sugerem uma producao acadêmica sobre a avaliação na Educação Infantil ainda escassa, todavia em ascensão, com predominância de producao na área de Educação. Outro ponto tratado no estudo refere-se aos múltiplos focos acerca da temática avaliação e Educação Infantil. Os estudos baseiam-se tanto em aspectos do microcontexto, como o registro e a documentação pedagógica, passando pelo uso de escalas e testes padronizados que objetivam avaliar o desenvolvimento da criança em aspectos de macrocontexto, como nas avaliações da qualidade do ambiente, das instituições e dos sistemas de ensino. Por fim, o artigo destaca ainda que essa temática requer uma ampla discussão a fim de construir uma melhor compreensão dos sujeitos que por ela são influenciados (professoras, crianças, famílias e equipes gestoras). Palavras-chave: Analise de conteúdo. Avaliação. Educação infantil.

This editorial intends to examine the systematics of the correction rounds in the cases of articles that receive the decision of "conditional approval", based on the reviewers’ comments and the evaluation of the journal editorial team. Besides reinforcing the importance of such phase to the production of consistent scientific knowledge, premises and guidelines will be presented to inform the author's action to correct the article and write the response letter to the editorial board.

Analisamos as vertentes teórico-metodológicas que nortearam os TCCs da Pedagogia da FURB no período de 2001 a 2006. Fizemos uma análise documental dos 321 trabalhos realizados. Constatamos que todos os trabalhos desenvolvidos voltaram-se à área da Educação. Quanto às subáreas, predominaram: educação pré-escolar, psicologia educacional, educação especial e sociologia da educação. Os teóricos mais utilizados foram: Vygotsky, Piaget, Kramer, Freire, Áries, Wallon e Ferreiro. Frente às subáreas, sugerimos que as futuras pesquisas contemplem investigações nos campos não ou poucos explorados. Entendemos que os clássicos são importantes e precisam ser utilizados, entretanto, sentimos falta, em alguns trabalhos, de autores mais específicos ao objeto em estudo. As pesquisas, em sua maioria, delinearam-se na abordagem qualitativa, destacando-se o uso de dados quantitativos em alguns trabalhos. Quanto aos tipos de pesquisa predominaram a pesquisa exploratória, participante e estudo de caso. Consideramos que estes tipos de pesquisa estão relacionados ao processo de iniciação à pesquisa. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados, os mais utilizados foram o questionário, precedido da entrevista e da observação. Cabe ressaltar, que muitos acadêmicos utilizaram mais de um instrumento, o que possivelmente possibilitou compreender o objeto sob vários aspectos. A documental analysis has been made on the methodological and theoretical guidelines in the end of term papers of the Pedagogy Course at FURB University in 321 works from 2001 to 2006. It has been noticed that all the developed papers focused the educational area. As for the sub areas, the predominant ones were: education in Pre School, educational psychology, special education and educational sociology. The most used theoretical authors were: Vygotsky, Piaget, Kramer, Freire, Aries, Wallon and Ferreiro. For the sub areas, it has been suggested that the future researches should include investigations on less or not focused studied fields. The importance of classic objects of research has been understood and those must be tackled. However, in some works there is an absence of more specific authors on the studied object. Most researches have been developed on the qualitative approach and some have used quantitative data. In relation to the research types, the predominant ones were the exploratory, participant and case study types. It has been considered that such kinds are related to the process of initiation to research. The most used instruments for data collection were a questionnaire preceded by interview and observation. Several research students have used more than one instrument, which possibly led to a comprehension of the subject under a variety of aspects.

ABSTRACT This position statement of the Department of Hypertension of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN) addresses the controversy surrounding the use or suspension/replacement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (particularly inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme or angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers) prophylactically in individuals using these drugs, due to the possibility of allegedly worsening the prognosis of hypertensive patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The SBN Hypertension Department recommends individualizing treatment and maintaining these medications until better scientific evidence is available.

A alta concentração de gases de efeito estufa está provocando mudanças climáticas com forte impacto, inclusive no ambiente competitivo das empresas. Assim, algumas empresas já estão adotando práticas e estratégias climáticas em função não somente das legislações restritivas ao carbono, mas também para assegurarem sua vantagem competitiva. Contudo, há uma escassez de ferramentas gerenciais para avaliar o quanto tais práticas e estratégias são adequadas a esse novo contexto. Este artigo apresenta um modelo conceitual desenvolvido com base em benchmarks (melhores práticas) internacionais, para auxiliar as empresas na avaliação das suas práticas e estratégias climáticas, e mostra como o modelo foi aplicado no Brasil em dois setores representativos de sua economia: o automotivo e o de papel e celulose. Identifica as práticas e estratégias climáticas que precisam ser melhoradas nesses setores, quando comparadas com as internacionais. Na aplicação do modelo, foram testadas cinco hipóteses referentes às principais variáveis do modelo proposto. Para tanto, realizaram-se testes estatísticos: teste t-student, para comparação com as práticas internacionais, e teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis, para verificar diferenças entre as médias dos dois setores investigados. Com base nos resultados, são feitas recomendações para futuras pesquisas e para outras empresas preocupadas em adotar práticas e estratégias climáticas eficazes.The high concentration of green house gases is causing climate changes that have a strong impact on the competitiveness of firms. Some businesses are adopting environmental practices and strategies not only because of carbon restrictive regulations, but also to ensure their competitive advantage. However, there is a lack of adequate managerial tools to evaluate the effectiveness of these practices and strategies. This article presents a conceptual model based on international benchmarks, developed to help firms assess their environmental practices and strategies. It shows how the model was applied in Brazil in two representative sectors of the its economy: automotive and pulp & paper sectors. It also identifies the environmental practices and strategies that should be improved by these firms, when compared to international benchmarks. In the scope of the model's application, five hypotheses related to its main variables were tested statistically. The t-student test was carried out to compare the firms' practices to international benchmarks, while the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to check differences between the averages of the two sectors under investigation. Based on the results, recommendations are made both for future research and for other firms concerned with adopting efficient environmental practices and strategies.

The main objective of the present work is represented by the characterization of the physical properties of industrial kraft paper (i.e. transversal and longitudinal tear resistance, transversal traction resistance, bursting or crack resistance, longitudinal and transversal compression resistance (SCT (Compressive Strength Tester) and compression resistance (RCT-Ring Crush Test)) by near infrared spectroscopy associated to partial least squares regression. Several multivariate models were developed, many of them with high prevision capacity. In general, low prevision errors were observed and regression coefficients that are comparable with those provided by conventional standard methodologies.

Black liquor formed in the pulping of pulp and paper industry contains pitchs, colloidal resinous materials and wood derivatives that accumulate in machinery of the pulp industry, damaging equipment or the final product. The objective of this work was to study the use of cellulose-based aerogels in pitch removal, a function of talc in most industries. Aerogels are porous solids, produced from lyophilization of a colloidal suspension of nanofibrillated cellulose and xylans, in different proportions, and PAE resin. The pitch counts were made using a Neubauer camera. All the aerogels presented adsorption power, although higher the CNF content, better the adsorbent. In general, 100:0 aerogels (CNF: Xylan) are better adsorbents compared to 30:70 aerogels. No proportionality was observed between mass and adsorption capacity, suggesting the existence of specifics amounts for each aerogel.

Composite films were studied as possible candidates for the central or support layer of synthetic paper in a multilayer structure. Recycled post-consumer polypropylene films were reinforced with inorganic fillers at various compositions and under several processing conditions, with the aim of optimizing the physical and mechanical properties of rigidity and low density. Three types of CaCO3, with and without surface treatment of the particles, were used, but only the treated ones were suitable for use in paper films. These samples were then used to analyze possible correlations of properties with composition and processing conditions, varying the CaCO3 particle size distribution and the film processing method, from casting extrusion (flat die) to blown-film extrusion (tubular die). An increase in film stiffness was observed as a function of CaCO3 content and a concentration of 30% CaCO3 was found to be best for the specific application. The flat films were stiffer than the tubular ones. The densities of all the composite films were considered high, compared to a pulp-based paper and a commercial synthetic paper. No significant effect on the physical-mechanical properties analyzed was observed when the CaCO3 particle size distribution was varied. Microcavities were found to form at the surface of flat films submitted to a bi-orientation process performed at laboratory scale; no other sample showed this surface morphology.

O texto apresenta resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral analisar o processo de releitura de portfólios com vistas à construção do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) de Pedagogia. Participaram da investigação seis professores-alunos egressos e uma professora-mediadora do curso de Pedagogia para professores em exercício no início de escolarização (PIE). O curso foi oferecido pela Faculdade de Educação da UNB em convênio com a Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal. Analisam-se os procedimentos utilizados por professores-alunos egressos para a releitura de portfólios e os procedimentos adotados pela professora-mediadora para a orientação desse processo, assim como as dificuldades e contribuições oferecidas por esta releitura para a construção do TCC. Observou-se que o processo de releitura abriu espaço para o desenvolvimento metacognitivo: reconsideraram-se as práticas avaliativas; criaram-se espaços de diferenciação pedagógica; a reflexão foi enfatizada.This article presents the results of a research that analyzed the process of analyzing portfolios in a different way to construct the Pedagogy Course Final Paper. Six newly graduated student-teachers and teacher-mediator perceptions are discussed. The course was offered by the Education College at the University of Brasilia and the local Educational Bureau to in-service teachers who worked in public elementary schools with grades one to four. The article analyses the procedures used by the student-teachers to analyze portfolios and the procedures used by the teacher-mediator to guide them in this process; as well as the difficulties and contributions that were observed. It could be observed that the process made room for the development of metacognition: assessment practices were reconsidered; opportunities for pedagogical differentiation were created; reflection was emphasized.

This article shows our analysis of the 509 papers presented at the Brazilian Association of Researchers in Journalism (SBPJor) conferences between 2003 and 2007. The analyses were based on four reference categories: 1) types of research; 2) formal standardization; 3) the type of methodological models; 4) the writers’ level of training. The goal is to identify the level of professionalization in specialized studies in journalism, highlighting the types of research and manuals, theoretical influences, and prevailing methodological methods. The main results highlight the predominance of doctoral writers and empirical research. We also noticed a lack of adherence to formal standardization.

Por mais experimentos de escrita antropológica: Crumpled Paper Boat: Experiments in Ethnographic Writing, de Anand Pandian e Stuart McLean (orgs.)