Search

Several methods for flow measurement are used on off shore gas installations nowadays: flow measurement by dP method (pressure drop method), flow measurement by ultrasound, flow measurement by mass flow meter, flow measurement by Vortex and fl ow measurement by thermal effect. The aim of the paper is to analyse the flow measurement method by using the dP method, currently being used on the INA platform Ivan A as well as to present the test results obtained on the platform. The paper analyses engineering components to be installed, instruments used during taking measurements as well as management systems (DCS or SCADA) in which the measurements taken are processed and gas flow per unit is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods for flow measurement are used on off shore gas installations nowadays: flow measurement by dP method (pressure drop method), flow measurement by ultrasound, flow measurement by mass flow meter, flow measurement by Vortex and flow measurement by thermal effect. The aim of the paper is to analyse the flow measurement method by using the dP method, currently being used on the INA platform Ivan A as well as to present the test results obtained on the platform. The paper analyses engineering components to be installed, instruments used during taking measurements as well as management systems (DCS or SCADA) in which the measurements taken are processed and gas flow per unit is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes real cases of fi res on board as well as investigation and determination of fi re causes by experts from Forensic Science Centre ‘’Ivan Vučetić’’ (FSC Ivan Vučetić). The methods of determining the causes of fi re are described and characteristic defects that may cause fi re are pointed out. Conventional wiring diagrams are displayed on vessels, indicating potential electric shock hazards. The impact of electric current onto the human body is described, also the boundary current and the contact voltages are given. When connecting the vessel with a cable to the power grid, the possibilities of protection against electric shock are discussed. Several real cases of fi re are described in which some characteristic faults are mentioned as possible causes of fi re and some results of the investigations are given. The aim of the paper is to attract the attention of the colleagues who are researching the causes of fi re breakouts, such as investigators and experts, and others who are engaged in navigation and vessels. The aim is to contribute to the scientific literature in this insufficiently analysed yet very interesting area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Hvar is one of the largest Croatian islands. It belongs to the Central Dalmatian islands and stretches in the East - West direction, in consequence of a change in the Miocene neotectonic stage. The natural and geographical features of the island of Hvar are reflected in the geographical location and position of the island, its size and spatial coverage, major geological and geomorphological features, morphographic and morphometric characteristics, and basic climatic-vegetational, hydro-geographical and pedo-geographical features. This paper presents the interrelations of the natural and geographical features of the island of Hvar. The data presented were obtained by field research, analytical-synthetic processing of original statistical and cartographic materials, geological mapping and relief profile in the GIS environment, climate-related diagrams and, to a lesser extent, analysis of existing literature and maps. The aim of this paper is to determine, on the basis of previously obtained partial research results, the causal and consequential link between the natural and geographical basis of the explored area and to provide a basis for further exploration of the natural and geographical issues of the island of Hvar. The island is in a large part built of carbon rock from the Mesozoic, which has significantly influenced the orographic, hydrological and pedological features of the island. Climatic features and specificities within the Mediterranean climate reflect the position, the size and the stretch line of the island of Hvar and the neighbouring island of Brač. The linkage of paleo-geographical, paleo-climatic and recent orographic and climatic conditions resulted in the formation of three vegetation belts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Hvar is one of the largest Croatian islands. It belongs to the Central Dalmatian islands and stretches in the East - West direction, in consequence of a change in the Miocene neotectonic stage. The natural and geographical features of the island of Hvar are reflected in the geographical location and position of the island, its size and spatial coverage, major geological and geomorphological features, morphographic and morphometric characteristics, and basic climatic-vegetational, hydro-geographical and pedo-geographical features. This paper presents the interrelations of the natural and geographical features of the island of Hvar. The data presented were obtained by field research, analytical-synthetic processing of original statistical and cartographic materials, geological mapping and relief profile in the GIS environment, climate-related diagrams and, to a lesser extent, analysis of existing literature and maps. The aim of this paper is to determine, on the basis of previously obtained partial research results, the causal and consequential link between the natural and geographical basis of the explored area and to provide a basis for further exploration of the natural and geographical issues of the island of Hvar. The island is in a large part built of carbon rock from the Mesozoic, which has significantly influenced the orographic, hydrological and pedological features of the island. Climatic features and specificities within the Mediterranean climate reflect the position, the size and the stretch line of the island of Hvar and the neighbouring island of Brač. The linkage of paleo-geographical, paleo-climatic and recent orographic and climatic conditions resulted in the formation of three vegetation belts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives an overview of todays fisheries in Croatia and its role in management along the coast. First part of the paper provides an overview of the current world fisheries. The second part deals with Croatian fisheries, legal framework related to it and changes that happened after Croatia joined the European Union. As a member of the European Union Croatia was given a chance to explore new possibilities of developement and to find its place on the European fishing market but certain changes proved to be a threat for traditional fishing. Changes are necessary and inevitable but many are raising a question which changes should be accepted and which should be adjusted to local needs. The question of small scale fishing is a good example on which different interests encounter. European Union advises the implementation of Integrated coastal zone management which promotes integrated activity on all levels as well as coordination in ecological, economical and social needs. It represents a key factor in regeneration of economic activities on the Croatian coastal area. Croatia has been adjusting its fishing policy to the European and Mediterranean standard for a number of years. With the right guidance and financial support Croatia has a change to reflate its coastal areas. On Croatia as a case study, the paper explores the introduction of presented challenges and the future of its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the theoretical foundation of a dominant neo-liberal model, relationship to key socio-economic issues and the impact onto the economic and social practice. It also discusses the success of the neoliberal economic model. The aim of the paper is to show that this problematic at the level of ideology is in the background of economic theory and practice. Based on the survey results, it is evident that the neoliberal development model differs significantly from the liberal thought and thought of Hayek, but in practice it is essentially characterized by dogmatism and ideology, which has repercussions on economic science. This subject is central in analysis of development of economic sectors that include maritime trade and transport, shipbuilding or fishery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the research has been carried out regarding the concept of sea motorways and the possibilities of the implementation of the concept into the system of passenger transport by sea, in the framework of current political initiatives ofEU of diverging traffic system from land to sea with the aim to reduce congestion (bottlenecks) and preserve the environment. In the domain of sea highways, EU has predominantly favoured cargo traffic, while passenger waterborne traffic as one of the exceptionally important activities has been neglected. These assets in coastal and maritime destinations might be exploited on multi levels. Thus, basic principles of traffic and maritime policy of EU has been justified in almost all economy branches. This scientific paper has given the analysis and the comparison of the approach to the implementation of the concept of sea highways in waterborne passenger traffic. The results of the research has revealed the fact that the introduction of the system of sea highways means a simple and competitive exploitation of already existent infrastructures as well as suprastructures. By means of a wise approach, taking into consideration basic principles of economy, as well as technology of traffic and seafaring, these potentials should be valued and put into operation. This application of waterborne passenger traffic has been proved and justified both on regional as well as local markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has dealt with the maritime accident of a RO-RO passenger ship „Marko Polo”. Its aim has been to research and determine the causes which had led to the accident. The results could contribute to the improvements of the safety of navigation and the reduction of possible future accidents. On the basis of this analysis, various regulations can be improved and changed, commanding of the ship can be perfected. Similarily, crew training, maintenance and ship repairs could be improved. Enviromental protection attempts and procedures of assistance from the mainland can profit from the findings of this paper. Shipping companies, ship owners, VTS services, maritime authorities and various other participants giving assistance can benefit from the findings. The paper might help in the prevention of future marine accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has shown the basic ways and methods of detecting suspicious behaviors and activities of potentially dangerous persons who communicate with the vessel. There have been mentioned the basic principles of the control of the documents of identification of the persons embarking the vessel. The ways and methods of detecting explosives, weapons and potentially noxious substances aboard the vessel have been analysed. Illegally loaded devices represent a great risk for the safety both of crew members as well as the vessel itself. The paper has shown also the way of the organization and carrying out of the searching procedure of the vessel in compliance with safety plan measures. Finally, basic features of the behavior patterns of the persons in groups in the crisis have been shown.Accordingly, it has ben shown how crew members should manage similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the genesis of the development of the problem of „flags of convenience" and the attempt of certain traditional seafaring states and ITF to influence on the minimization of that problem, by means of their reputation and measures. Legislative jurisdiction of ILO is being analysed by means of certain conventions and reccomendations and from point of view of seafarer's labour law. By means of the content of the conventon as well as recommendations of ILO, the authors attempt to show the importance of influence of those documents onto the labour law conditions and socio-legal status of seafarers. In the final part of the paper, the authors using the method of analysis of court practice of European Court i n Luxembourg give the survey and analysis of three very important decisions (Factortame I and Viking and 3F) which are relevant to the problem of „change of the flag of the vessel" and the relevance with the impact on collective and individual seafarers' labour law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wood in shipbuilding industry dates back to prehistoric times. Historical sources prove that in the distant past Dalmatia and the Dalmatian islands were densely forested, which is confi rmed by various written documents. The records show that the beginnings of woodworking in the territory of the Republic of Croatia fi rst occurred on the Adriatic coast where wood used in shipbuilding was processed and prepared with particular regard. The paper points out the importance of wood in the construction and maintenance of wooden ships on the example of one of the oldest, if not the oldest trabaccolo still sailing on the Adriatic Sea. It is trabaccolo St John built in 1878 in the Piran shipyard of the Apollonio family. The trabaccolo is made of several types of wood: oak, larch, pine and mulberry. The structural members of the lower part of the ship are made of sawn and carved boards. The traditional caulking method was used to seal off its surfaces and thus make them watertight and protected by the old method of applying pitch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has shown the basic ways and methods of detecting suspicious behaviors and activities of potentially dangerous persons who communicate with the vessel. There have been mentioned the basic principles of the control of the documents of identification of the persons embarking the vessel. The ways and methods of detecting explosives, weapons and potentially noxious substances aboard the vessel have been analysed. Illegally loaded devices represent a great risk for the safety both of crew members as well as the vessel itself. The paper has shown also the way of the organization and carrying out of the searching procedure of the vessel in compliance with safety plan measures. Finally, basic features of the behavior patterns of the persons in groups in the crisis have been shown.Accordingly, it has ben shown how crew members should manage similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the genesis of the development of the problem of ...flags of convenience... and the attempt of certain traditional seafaring states and ITF to influence on the minimization of that problem, by means of their reputation and measures. Legislative jurisdiction of ILO is being analysed by means of certain conventions and reccomendations and from point of view of seafarer's labour law. By means of the content of the conventon as well as recommendations of ILO, the authors attempt to show the importance of influence of those documents onto the labour law conditions and socio-legal status of seafarers. In the final part of the paper, the authors using the method of analysis of court practice of European Court in Luxembourg give the survey and analysis of three very important decisions (Factortame I and Viking and 3F) which are relevant to the problem of ...change of the flag of the vessel... and the relevance with the impact on collective and individual seafarers' labour law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has dealt with the maritime accident of a RO-RO passenger ship ...Marko Polo.... Its aim has been to research and determine the causes which had led to the accident. The results could contribute to the improvements of the safety of navigation and the reduction of possible future accidents. On the basis of this analysis, various regulations can be improved and changed, commanding of the ship can be perfected. Similarily, crew training, maintenance and ship repairs could be improved. Enviromental protection attempts and procedures of assistance from the mainland can profit from the findings of this paper. Shipping companies, ship owners, VTS services, maritime authorities and various other participants giving assistance can benefit from the findings. The paper might help in the prevention of future marine accidents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the research has been carried out regarding the concept of sea motorways and the possibilities of the implementation of the concept into the system of passenger transport by sea, in the framework of current political initiatives of EU of diverging traffic system from land to sea with the aim to reduce congestion (bottlenecks) and preserve the environment. In the domain of sea highways, EU has predominantly favoured cargo traffic, while passenger waterborne traffic as one of the exceptionally important activities has been neglected. These assets in coastal and maritime destinations might be exploited on multi levels. Thus, basic principles of traffic and maritime policy of EU has been justified in almost all economy branches. This scienfific paper has given the analysis and the comparison of the approach to the implementation of the concept of sea highways in waterborne passenger traffic. The results of the research has revealed the fact that the introduction of the system of sea highways means a simple and competitive exploitation of already existent infrastructures as well as suprastructures. By means of a wise approach, taking into consideration basic principles of economy, as well as technology of traffic and seafaring, these potentials should be valued and put into operation. This application of waterborne passenger traffic has been proved and justified both on regional as well as local markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to research the justification for existence of the term „ship's operator“ as a central person in current Maritime Code. Scientific methods have been used in this study. Rich historical development of the term „ship's operator“ was confirmed in Croatia using historical method while using comparative method it was found that ship's operator (as a central person in maritime enterprise) is still used in Italy'(armatore) and Slovenia (ladjar). In the case when shipowner takes ship's operator place for liabilities incurred in connection with ship's navigation and utilization, ship's operator institute won't shut down because it will remain inter alia ship's possessor and exponent of maritime venture according to Croatian maritime law. Finally, term ship's operator represents our maritime tradition which was figured out and then affirmed by prominent Croatian lawyers with academician Brajkovic in charge and it can not be declared as a relict of the past. Scientific contribution of the paper has been reflected in this assertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the environmental systems on board a large passenger ships. Today, environmental problems are increasingly important and ship owners must apply the latest environmental technologies developed in compliance with MARPOL Convention requirements. Manufacturers of the ship's environmental equipment constantly develop new technologies and upgrade the existing ones to achieve a very high standard of environmental protection set by MARPOL Convention and by national regulations from certain countries. In this paper few ship's environmental systems have been described including ship's wastewater treatment system, sludge treatment system, food waste treatment system and finally ship's incinerator system which makes the large passenger ship an environmentally friendly vessel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern ship monitoring and control systems new computer technologies are applied, starting from the navigation system, communication equipment, propulsion system, cargo handling system to the auxiliary systems such as air conditioning and ventilation, fuel system, auxiliary cooling system. In spite of all the technical advances and sophisticated marine systems, the safety on a modern ship is still disputable having in mind that marine accidents occur quite frequently. Safety of navigation, among other things, depends on the safety of the ship computer system. Consequently, security of the computer systems in the context of safety at sea requires some serious consideration. This paper examines procedure of conducting penetration testing using Black box method. Short analisys of computer security gives introduction to conducting testing procedure throught 4 phases. Using free tools and software solution enviroments for pentesting, content points on easy-to-get applications and possible security breaches. Implementing processing methods, the paper analyses potential vulnerabilities and gives a practical explanation for their removal. In addition, all processes are implemented in real enviroment aiming to give clear presentation to the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the ME-GI type dual fuel two stroke diesel engine developed by MAN B&W, which uses natural gas as fuel. MAN Diesel & Turbo company is the leading manufacturer of marine two stroke diesel engines and develops an efficient propulsion with low emission levels and improved energy efficiency design index – EEDI. Maritime industry is introducing alternative solutions for ship propulsion, due to new regulations demands for further decrease od emission levels and higher fuel costs, and natural gas is considered as very important and enviromentally friendly ship propulsion fuel.Very low emission level is achieved by using natural gas as ship´s fuel. ME-GI concept is based on very high pressure gas injection into engine cylinder. In this solution diesel fuel is used in small portions as a pilot fuel to start combustion process in the cylinder. In the mentioned concept the heat efficiency obtained from natural gas as propulsion fuel is equal to heat efficiency obtained from heavy fuel oil. The main issue in ME-GI dual fuel diesel engine, described in this paper, is natural gas fuel supply system, from LNG storage tank to high pressure supply compressors and to propulsion engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has shown the quantitative indicators of the quality of computation system (reliability, avaliability, safety and system out of order) which are used in the survey, control and organization of seaborne traffic. They could appear as an element of complex marine system or an independent electronic system such as personal computer or server. The paper has discussed Markov's model of reliability and avaliability for computational system and redundant computational system. The group of differential equations has been solved in two ways : by method of Laplas transformation and by method of matrix. The results of the analysis and calculation of quantitative indicators of the quality of the computational system have been shown in the tables. In the sixth chapter, the measures have been proposed which could improve reliability and avaliability of the computational system. Qualitative functioning of the computational system will enable more reliable, efficient and safer marine process, efficient support in decision making at all levels of management : survey,control and organization of seaborne traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime surveillance systems are crucial for port passenger, goods and services security under the circumstances of imminent threat from global terrorism. Algorithm development and proper decision-making on the appropriate signal processing method are vital for research and development of maritime surveillance systems. This paper researches how novel wavelet algorithms can be applied in real time image signal processing for port surveillance systems, in order to improve decision making and to improve global security of the ports. The emphasis of the paper is to choose the appropriate algorithm for the analysis, using real time port surveillance images and new wavelet based algorithms such as bandlets, contourlet and curvelets. In the paper conclusion, comments on obtained results are given and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes a comparison between the provisions stipulated by international standards for quality management systems ISO 9004:2000 and ISO 9004:2009. The content of each standard is divided into paragraphs and subitems and respective contents are compared. Conclusions are made on changes effected in the new edition from 2009, explanations are offered on the reasons for these changes and their characteristics. The paper also elaborates on the items from previous editions that have been omitted or integrated into other paragraphs in the new edition. A short explanation of the common items in both editions is given. Special emphasis is given to two major novelties in the ISO 9004:2009 standard: sustained success of an organisation and different approach to self-assessment of an organisation to achieve and maintain sustained success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Official Gazette (hereinafter: NN) No. 119/2018 of 28 December 2018 the National Collective Agreement for Croatian Seafarers on Board Ships in the International Shipping Trade was published (2019-2020). The Agreement was entered into on 10 December 2018 between the Association of Croatian Shipowners Mare Nostrum (Zagreb, Av. V. Holjevca 20) and the Seafarers' Union of Croatia, member of the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) from Rijeka (Head Office, Fiorello La Guardia 13). It is applied as of 1 January 2019. The National Collective Agreement for Croatian Seafarers on Board Ships in the International Shipping Trade (2019 - 2020) has all the nomotechnical features (characteristics) of an autonomous regulation: compliance with objective prerequisites for introducing it, signing and publishing it (legal basis, jurisdiction of the contracting parties, name (title), procedure of introducing it "in good faith to promote and maintain the social dialogue and harmonious relations between the Employers - Shipowners and Trade Unions based on mutual respect for the interests and rights of the Employers - Shipowners and Seafarers", relevant period and area wherein it may apply, as well as the content pursuant to the laws and other standing rules and regulations, consisting of the "contractual and normative part" in 43 articles (with titles) and "General Addendum" (and "Special Addendum"). It has been written "in Croatian and in English", whileas should there be any ambiguities due to textual differences in the two languages, the Croatian text shall apply". This paper elaborates on the essential and characteristic features of this autonomous regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Official Gazette (hereinafter: NN) No. 119/2018 of 28 December 2018 the National Collective Agreement for Croatian Seafarers on Board Ships in the International Shipping Trade was published (2019-2020). The Agreement was entered into on 10 December 2018 between the Association of Croatian Shipowners Mare Nostrum (Zagreb, Av. V. Holjevca 20) and the Seafarers' Union of Croatia, member of the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) from Rijeka (Head Office, Fiorello La Guardia 13). It is applied as of 1 January 2019. The National Collective Agreement for Croatian Seafarers on Board Ships in the International Shipping Trade (2019 - 2020) has all the nomotechnical features (characteristics) of an autonomous regulation: compliance with objective prerequisites for introducing it, signing and publishing it (legal basis, jurisdiction of the contracting parties, name (title), procedure of introducing it "in good faith to promote and maintain the social dialogue and harmonious relations between the Employers - Shipowners and Trade Unions based on mutual respect for the interests and rights of the Employers - Shipowners and Seafarers", relevant period and area wherein it may apply, as well as the content pursuant to the laws and other standing rules and regulations, consisting of the "contractual and normative part" in 43 articles (with titles) and "General Addendum" (and "Special Addendum"). It has been written "in Croatian and in English", whileas should there be any ambiguities due to textual diff erences in the two languages, the Croatian text shall apply". This paper elaborates on the essential and characteristic features of this autonomous regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cruising ships generate a number of waste streams, including sewage, graywater, hazardous wastes, oily bilge water, ballast water and solid waste which poses a threat of discharges to the marine environment. The main goal of this paper is to presents all aspects of marine pollution as a result of cruise exploitation. On the basis of cost benefit analysis, the cost of the pollution caused by cruisers is calculated,with an emphasis on cruisers owned by foreign companies, that do not pay the costs. Another aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of international cruise traffic on economy, society and environment. It is suggested that external cost be included in cruise traffic calculations. That way, the population of Croatia would be free from paying the cost, and the „polluter pays‟ principle would be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European maritime industry is strongly affected by the globalization of world maritime market, and therefore it is necessary to strengthen its competitive position. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential for implementing maritime clusterisation in the European Union to increase the competitiveness of the European maritime industry. Clusters can improve the competitiveness of maritime activities and the maritime industry as a whole. The implementation of maritime clusterisation is useful for complex supply chain activities including the production and the services as well as the participation of small and medium enterprises. This paper examines the economic importance of the European maritime industry for the EU economy. The paper explores the cluster performance indicators to define the cluster facilitators. Cluster facilitators can serve as a basis for the adoption of an integrated policy at national or supranational level with an aim to strengthen the competitiveness of the maritime industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime cargo flows are the basis of the world economic development and growth of the each continent, region and state. Therefore, positioning on the maritime intensive cargo flow is imperative for each country streaming for rapid and robust economic development. In order to implement geo-transport situation analysis and forecast of the maritime cargo flows in the world, this paper examines the importance and representation of maritime cargo flows in the structure of the world trade, regional arrangement or the most leading regions, ports and maritime transport routes in the world. Analyzing the intensity and dynamics of the world ports traffic, as well as reference nodes in the circulation of maritime cargo flows, the paper also defines the leading worlds, Asian, American and European ports. Considering the great importance and the large representation of container traffic, intensity and routes of container cargo flows were specially analyzed. Based on the actual data and actual forecast about maritime transport movement and development, the paper gives predictions and forecast of world maritime trade development considering the market leader regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern approach of the exploration of dynamic characteristic of elements or system of some device has been enabled by system dynamics. System dynamics is an excellent software system for studying the dynamic of the behaviour of natural, technical and societal realities i.e. system of various natures and features in which there exist relatively high analogy rate. The methodology of its work, including even the use of digital computers has shown to be an efficient mean for solving the problems: management, behaviour, sensitivity, flexibility and studying of dynamics of the behaviour of the systems of high complexity by computer simulation, in laboratory what means without danger for the realities observed. For the usage of system dynamics in the solution of complex problems, various complex knowledge from various scientific disciplines are required, but good knowledge of the nature of the problem itself, which is being analyzed. The paper has analyzed dynamic characteristic of cooling system in marine diesel engines by means of system dynamics. The cooling system of propulsion of MDE is a complex system onto which various disorders act and due to their changeable act result into the changes of working temperature of MDE. System dynamic approach in the analysis of MDE enable us to obtain the answer to the question "What if…" in other words we arrive at the solution what the reaction would be at the changes of any variable in the cooling system. The paper has shown: dynamic and static regime of work, mathematic model of the cooling system of MDE, simulation model in POWERSIM programme language and diagrams of the flows of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine propulsion systems have their own operating life ranging from the beginning of exploitation to their discarding. In this period, at any moment, they must meet all the requirements for their work. To enable this, the vessels must be systematically maintained. Systematic maintenance includes investments in new computer technologies resulting in reliability increase and the vessels' competitiveness. To ensure the supervision of maintenance taken by the ship owner, specialized maintenance computer programmes are introduced. This paper presents the reliability calculation of marine propulsion system based on the data obtained by software package "Amos" during exploitation of marine propulsion system. "Amos" is aimed at planning and reporting on maintenance intervention and controlling and purchasing spare parts. It is composed so as to enable all the advantages of corrective and preventive maintenance with the possibility of momentary approach to data about the system condition. The paper describes the procedure defining the division of measuring data. Testing by means of K-S tests has been carried out. Reliability parameters representing the figure of marine propulsion system as a whole have been defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to describe and evaluate the scheme of the structure of ship's voyage cost for determining optimum ship's capacity. The problems in designing optimum ship's capacity appear due to the numerous considerations that must be taken into account. Some of these considerations are the shipowner's costs on the concerned route, which must be quantified in order to apply optimization of ship's capacity. Generally shipowner's costs on the considered voyage can be presented as the daily cost at sea, the daily cost in port, and the commonly operating cost. The main goal of this research is to define daily cost at sea. The structure of daily cost at sea from the shipowner's point of view in this paper generally might be described as cost basis on cargo units hauling, fuel cost, an channel dues. Syntheses of the mentioned costs at port are graphically transformed to a cost per unit of ship's capacity at sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has defined and analyzed the approach of keeping allocated position of anchoring by means of dynamic positioning. Safety aspects of keeping allocated position in these two ways might be endangered by outer factors which have been analyzed in the paper. The establishment of the area "anchorage for dynamic positioning of passenger cruising vessels" and its legal regulation is important both from point of view of ship's business as well as economy. By means of this system, the increase of number of passenger cruising vessels" and its legal regulation is important both from point of view of ship's business as well as economy. By means of this system, the increase of number of passenger cruising vessels will be achieved. At the same time, the arrival of big passenger cruising vessels would be enabled in the ports not having respective port facilities, nor traditional anchorage which are interesting tourist destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, based on the legal regulations, investigates the role and contribution of the Croatian Coast Guard in the implementation of the prevention and surveillance of smuggling and trafficking in human beings by sea. The analysis of the current migrant routes has identified the area of possible migration routes in the Adriatic Sea, and the focus of addressing the problem has been transferred to the Mediterranean. An analysis of the current situation and a cross-section of the past participation in operations under the auspices of the European Union in the Mediterranean provides a proposal for continuing and increasing the contribution to the implementation of joint cooperation in the fight against illegal migration with the aim of strengthening security and preventing further humanitarian disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of natural resurces is always interdisciplinary. That fact is also reflected in this article because maritime demesne, which is extremly important resource for Croatia, is studied both from legal and economic point of view. Maritime demesne is of great importance because it represents developmental foundation of Croatian tourism, especially the nautical tourism in which sports ports have not pariticipated so far. Hence, announcement of changes to the status of parts of some sports ports into nautical tourism ports represents a complex legal and economic issue when it comes to justification of such reform. Due attention should be paid to the fact that activites in sports ports are regulated by Sports Act. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to evaluate both negative and positive factors which reflect on economic interests and eventually on the economic effects. In this study methods of analysis and synthesis were used, and in analysing and comparing Croatian legislative with other Mediterranean countries legislative the method of comparation was used. The scientific contribution of this study is reflected in the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has discussed the main dimensions of the vesel and their interrelations. Taking into consideration the resistance and total features of seaworthiness of the vessel, narrow hulls represent considerable advantages. Similarily, lower ratios are required for the width to draft f.e. for deep sea cargo vessels amounting L/B L 2,25. The paper has discussed also the components of displacement of the vessel, and the skills and intention of the designer to achieve greater ratio of deadweight tonnage DW/D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A maritime voyage is an adventure that holds many extraordinary situations. During a voyage overseas the need could occur to take some emergency measures to save the vessel as well as the property and people carried on board. This paper presents the concept of general average, its respectable history and application in practice, as well as at times flawed uniform general average regulations. The emphasis is laid upon York - Antwerp rules, a set of rules which gives a comprehensive general average regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A maritime voyage is an adventure that holds many extraordinary situations. During a voyage overseas the need could occur to take some emergency measures to save the vessel as well as the property and people carried on board. This paper presents the concept of general average, its respectable history and application in practice, as well as at times flawed uniform general average regulations. The emphasis is laid upon York - Antwerp rules, a set of rules which gives a comprehensive general average regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes violations of navigational rules and regulations in merchant marine shipping business. The rules regulating merchant marine shipping support the fact that navigation was far from safe. The law-makers classified maritime violations into three groups: violations of the ship, of the goods and of valuables (jewellery). On occasions money, jewellery, ship's equipment or transported goods were stolen during maritime transport. Furthermore, due to the length of voyages, conflicts occurred among crewmembers, passengers, or between the crew and pirates. Similar situations are part of everyday life, too, consequently the law-makers anticipate various sanctions for damages, either in order to prevent the violators from committing various violations, or to be able to solve the consequences of the violations. The oldest codes, such as those developed by Bilalama or Hammurabi, and the Roman law contain provisions which sanction violations in merchant marine shipping. Similar regulations can be found in Rhodian Sea Law (Lex Rhodia), as well as in Croatian medieval communal statutes such as the Statute of Dubrovnik, the Statute of Zadar, the Statute of Split and the Statute of Hvar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employment contracts of workers on fishery vessels are regulated by International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions, secondary sources of the European Union, and acts and regulations in the Republic of Croatia. There are numerous specificities (characteristics) in the content of such contracts. In this paper the authors analyse the specificity of the work hours and rests of workers on maritime fishery vessels, with special emphasis on fishermen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation of the shipping alliances with their arrival in the Adriatic ports will be analysed in the paper. The services, transit schedule arrivals and rotation of alliances which sail in the Adriatic ports will be shown. The work presents a brief history of the formation of the P3 network along with other alliances when MOFCOM decided not to approve the P3 network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the measures for surveillance and safety of passenger ships in the Port of Dubrovnik and the access fairway by using deductive method and statistical display of the passenger ships entering/leaving the port and traffic density of other crafts. It also presents the structure, the function and the current state of the vessel traffic service. The method of continuous observation was used to determine the risks to the navigable area and deficiencies encountered in everyday work. The proposal to improve the control measures was presented by means of the inductive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lyons (1994) connects meaning and communication and asserts that the meaning cannot be theoretically clarified without its reliance on the language in use. Commands are expressions which impose, propose course of action or pattern of behaviour and indicate that it should be carried out. The feature of a good command is that it is short and completely understandable to anyone to whom it refers. In addition, it should be monosemic and precise. Comprehension and completion of orders is very important in maritime industry. There have been contrastively analysed 57 exclamatory sentences (commands) aboard vessel from the corpus of American popular 19th century novel (Dragojević, 2007). Namely, in novel Moby Dick (author Herman Melville), the commands of that time in English and their equivalents in Croatian (translators Z. Gorjan and J. Tabak, 1985) have been compared. The orders have been classified into various semantic groups. Literary translations deal with the spirit of both languages (English and Croatian) and their translations might be used in comprative linguistic stylistics. Thus, the stylistic features in the source language which cannot be rendered in the text of target language are evident, because they best reveal the proper peculiarities of a language (Bonačić, 1999). Technological advancement in seafaring is evident in the language of orders. At the time of sailing vessels, the Master had to order to his lower officers which rope had to be tightened or loosened. (Stolac, 1998) The errors might have led to a disaster. Today, IMO prescribes standard steering and engine orders. This paper gives the comparison of Moby Dick novel orders and those ones in use today, both in English (source language) and Croatian (target language). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protection of the environment and sustainable development are relevant to every category and level of strategic development management. Balanced development of tourism is needed for the destinations with already indicated problems of economic and socio-cultural instability, related to mass tourism. Lack of clear strategies and visions of tourism development at exceptional destination values ,would in the long term period undermine the basis of Croatian economy. The proposed paper thesis analyzes the case of Dubrovnik, UNESCO heritage listed monuments, and assesses if the postulates of sustainable tourism and destination management are adequately recognized and applied in accordance with existing definitions and the relevant UN document „Agenda 21“. Thus, the basic hypothetical problem relates as how to protect the natural and cultural heritage along with inducing a spectrum of contemporary tourism, aiming towards sustainable development agendas for the destination. The historic City core is a highly valued resource, but up to day it was not appropriately managed, what is confirmed by recent warning by UNESCO itself and recent various public protests of local citizens and cultural elites. Non-effective management model could be a treat of a chaotic monocultural and monosectoral development. Insufficient infrastructures and a badly organized local transport, poze a very questionable trend to the long term sustainable market position, but also to the branding of high destination values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to analyse and review European Union States which have a declared fishing zone, i.e. fishing or fishing-ecological area. The paper analyses the regulations of European Union States related to the fishing area. The topic has been analysed from legal point of view as a whole, but separated from other legal regimes at sea. The basic scientific hypothesis has been done in the form of the assertion that it is of the interest of the coastal state to declare fishing zone and to enlarge the jurisdiction at sea for the preservation and protection of natural marine life as well as enabling the responsible and sustainable exploration. The author has analysed the institute of the fishing zone and advocates the advantages of that area for the State, as well as the protection of marine life, the protection from excessive hunting and fishing, the protection of the sea pollution and the economic development of the coastal State. There have been analysed and compared national regulations of the States which have declared fishing zone and especially protected ecological and fishing zone of The Republic of Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will explore the concept of a container ship, its origins and acceptance in the market. It will follow the development of the ship and technology, with special emphasis on the features of modern container ships, which enabled her to become an indispensable part of the global economy. Statistics will show the state of the container fleet, the main container ports and sailing routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulation on the registration procedure of the contract of employment of seafarers and workers on maritime fishermen boats as a bellow-act regulation determines this very important segment of labour law relationships of seafarers and workers on maritime fishermen boats in the Republic of Croatia. In this paper the authors give a review and analyse the registration system and the content of the Registry (by analytical method and historical analysis of the development of legal sources) and give their critical overview upon certain legislative and regulatory provisions along with the lege ferenda suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the basic measures and methods for efficient and thorough search of the ship in order to meet the on-board security requirements are presented. The means of successful organisation of search of the ship in advance are being analysed, and the duties of the search team and equipment used during these procedures are explained. Special attention is given to the ship's crew, as the key subjects in any search. The instructions given to the crew enhance their training abilities and raise their awareness of the need to implement and maintain security on board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have proposed a subsystem for sale and control of passenger tickets in the ship's passenger traffic. The proposed subsystem is based on the use of RFID technology. The subsystem can be easily integrated into an existing integrated information system of marine travel company or in an integrated port information system. Passive RFID tags which you can purchase at any authorized agency for the sale of ferry tickets are used as traffic ticketsThe control ticket is very short and thus allows rapid flow of passengers and cars, and that means less congestion in ports and docks. The core of the proposed subsystem is a software application that connects all the components of RFID technology and distributed database. The application of RFID technology accelerates the process of boarding passengers / cars, reducing congestion in the port, eliminating the passengers boarding the wrong boat line and significantly reducing the use of cash payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free mobility of workers is one of the fundamental freedoms on which the European Union (with the free movement of goods, services and capital) is based. It is defined by the Art. 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter TFEU) (consolidated version 2012, OJ C 326, 26.10.2012.) and entails the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality in relationship to employment between workers of the Member States. Art. 45, par. 4 of the TFEU stipulates that the provisions of this Article shall not apply to the employment in public services. In essence, the Master of the ship functions are: a) the responsibility for the safety of the ship and order on board, b) a public authority on board and c) representation of the ship-operator. Since the public functions of the shipmaster are performed occasionally, they actually represent only a small part of its activities and the question is whether the position of a shipmaster can be defined as a public one or whether the citizenship as a condition for performing shipmaster function in a Croatian maritime law represents a discriminatory treatment. This paper will also analyse case law from the European Court of Human Rights in proceedings under Art. 14 from the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (prohibition of discrimination) and the Case law from the European Court of Justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper begins with a definition of the Risk Analysis and the necessity of its application in everyday life. It then goes on to define the term Bayesian Networks, their basic and general characteristics. Special emphasis is put on Bayes` theorem. Examples are then given of application of Bayesian Networks in maritime traffic. First, we give an example of a ship accident which is analysed using Bayesian Networks. Next, there is a detailed description of SARGOS, an innovative system of protecting offshore oil installations from piracy, which is becoming an ever greater problem in maritime traffic. Lastly, we describe five different examples of applications of Bayesian Networks in maritime industry and maritime traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]