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Meat goose can represent one of the most significant economic waterfowl in China. An excessively high stocking density can reduce the production performance and welfare of geese. Moreover, the light-emitting diode (LED) green light can play a pivotal role in regulating the growth and development of embryos and offspring in chickens. This study aims to determine the optimal regimen of LED green light in the high-density rearing mode of goslings. According to the actual production, a two-factor experiment was designed with the incubation light (dark and LED green) and growth light (LED white and LED green). A systematic analysis was made to explore the effects of LED green light on growth performance, intestinal development, blood hormones, feather quality, and pecking behaviors of geese in high-stocking density. The results show that the light intensities were 30–40 and 30–35 lx during the incubation and brooding period, respectively, with a light cycle of L:D = 24:0. The growth performance of geese was significantly improved by LED green light during the gosling brooding period. The LED green light during the growing period was found to significantly increase the body weight of geese at 14 days, as well as the daily gain and feed intake of geese for 1 to 14 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the ratio of feed to gain of geese for 1 to 14 days (P < 0.05). A significant reduction was found in the concentration of serotonin and corticosterone in the blood, as well as the duodenal crypt depth of the geese at 14 days in the green light group during the growth period (P < 0.05), compared with the white light group. Furthermore, the LED green light irradiation during the growing period was observed to significantly increase the length of the chest and abdomen feathers of geese at 14 days post-hatching (P < 0.05), whereas, the back bare score of geese was reduced at 14 days post-hatching (P < 0.01), and the average pecking time and frequency of geese was reduced for 1 to 14 days post-hatching (P < 0.001). Thus, the green light environment during the growing period was significantly beneficial to the quality of the feathers and the development of geese plumage. The LED green light during the embryonic period was found to significantly reduce the average pecking time and frequency (P < 0.05) for better feather pecking behavior in geese. Moreover, the hatching procedure of green light outstandingly reduced the duodenal crypt depth (P < 0.01), where there was an increase in the jejunal villus height of geese at 14 days (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. The adverse effects of intensive farming were reduced on the intestinal development of geese. Moreover, there was no significant interaction to identify between the incubation and brood lights, in terms of the regulation of growth performance, intestinal development, blood hormones, feather quality (feather length, cleanliness, and damage degree), and feather pecking behavior of geese. Therefore, the LED green light shared the positive regulations on the negative effects of high-density rearing of goslings. Moreover, the LED green light during the growing period of goslings yielded superior outcomes. It is thus recommended that green light irradiation can be employed at the brood stage of goslings in actual production, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of modern intensive farming on goslings. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient production of geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As antibiotic-free farming and the use of soybean meal reduction substitutes gain greater emphasis, new demands have arisen. These demands focus on reducing antibiotics and ensuring efficient and healthy farming practices for broilers and laying hens. Specifically, the demands aim to address health issues that arise during farming. Embryo feeding technology involves the artificial intervention and regulation of nutritional intake during the incubation period in order to enhance the early nutrition and immune performance of chickens. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of how embryo feeding technology impacts organ development, the intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and disease resistance in chickens, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the application of embryo feeding in promoting healthy poultry farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the inhibitory effect of coumarin extract from Viola yedoensis Makino on Newcastle disease virus in vitro. The experiment used Viola yedoensis Makino as the material to prepare the coumarin extract, used high performance liquid chromatography to detect the content of aesculin and aesculetin in the extract, and used CCK-8 method to detect the effect of extract on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts. The results showed that the contents of aesculin and aesculetin in Viola yedoensis Makino were 2.58, 7.66 mg/g, respectively. The median lethal concentration of coumarin extract from Viola yedoensis Makino on DF-1 cells was 185.2 mg/L. Coumarin extract from Viola yedoensis Makino inhibits NDV replication in a dose-dependent manner. When the extract concentration was 100 mg/L, the replication inhibition rate against NDV virus was the highest with the value of 74.31%. In the inhibition of NDV adsorption, when the concentration of lycopene extract was 100 mg/L, the inhibition rate of NDV virus was the highest with the value of 67.4%. The study indicates that the coumarin extract from Viola yedoensis Makino has obvious anti-NDV effect in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To diagnose a sudden young pigeon co-infection of PPMV-1 and E. coli in a youngpigeon farm in Taiyuan, in this study, by clinical diagnosis and pathological autopsy of pathogenetic pigeons, disease tissue materials of pathogenetic pigeons were collected to conduct RT-PCR test, isolation and culture of specific-pathogen(SPF) chicken embryo virus and bacteria, biochemical identification, drug sensitivity test, and animal regression test for making comprehensive prevention and control measures and providing guidance for prevention and treatment of co-infection of PPMV-1 and E. coli. The results showed that the virus infecting pigeons in the pigeon farm was the pigeon paramyxovirus type 1(PPMV-1) and the isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli. Drug sensitivity test indicated that the isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to aminoglycosides. According to the diagnosis results, after co use of Newcastle disease IV vaccine and sensitive drug amikacin, the epidemic was controlled soon. The antibody detection found that the level of Newcastle disease antibody in breeding pigeons was uneven, which was a main reason for PPMV-1 infection. Animal regression test further identified the pathogenicity of PPMV-1 and E. coli, the morbidity and mortality of PPMV-1were 100% and 80%. But there was no obviously clinical symptoms in chicken, indicating that the virus had different pathogenicity for pigeons and chickens. The mortality of co-infection was higher than that of PPMV-1 or E. coli alone. It indicated that comprehensive control should be emphasized in young pigeons to prevent co-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Layer strains can be a particular preference for female chickens over males with respect to economic value. One-day-old male chicks are normally slaughtered once hatched in the incubation factories, leading to a huge waste of poultry resources, as well as raising serious concerns for animal welfare. It is since day 7 of incubation that the chicken embryo starts to feel pain. Thus, accurate identification can be used for the removal of the male eggs at the early stage of incubation, in order to effectively save cost and conform to the ethics for animal welfare. Generally, incubation is a complicated process concerning the inner biochemical activity and outer morphology evaluation, for example, the shape of the chicken embryo and the vessels. However, only a single information source was used, such as spectra or machine vision images, thus performing weakly in the recognition accuracy. This study aims to more accurately detect the gender of the chicken embryo at the early stage of incubation. A non-destructive decision fusion was proposed using both images and spectra using Random Forests (RF) and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of evidence. A detection system was constructed to sample the transmission spectra and machine vision images of 566 chicken eggs. Day 4 of incubation was selected as the best detection time, while, the laying style of eggs was determined as placed horizontally. Machine vision images of the chicken embryo were treated via image processing, including morphological operations, and the Otsu algorithm. Then, the eleven texture features of the chicken embryo were extracted and scaled using grey level co-occurrence matrix, grey histogram statistics, and fractal dimension. The preprocessing method of spectra was determined as the scaling after the experiment. Four spectral features were extracted from the preprocessed spectra via Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS). After that, two detection models were established using visual features and RF spectral. Five-fold cross-validation was then applied in the task of grid searching to optimize the two models. The machine vision model reached 78.00% accuracy with optimized parameters, while the spectral model was 82.67% accuracy for the test set. Furthermore, the feature fusion model was also constructed using texture and spectral features. The recognition accuracy of the test set only achieved 62.33% accuracy, indicating the mixed redundant information in the features. Finally, the decision fusion model was built via the D-S theory of evidence. The basic probability assignment functions were obtained from the optimal RF models of images and spectra. Then, the decision fusion model was established using the fusion principle and threshold of the D-S theory of evidence. Consequently, the fusion model reached 88.00% accuracy, particularly with 90.00% and 86.25% accuracy for the female and male eggs. Besides, 2.843 s was used for the D-S model to detect each egg. Anyway, the decision fusion can be expected to realize the gender detection of the chicken embryo at the early stage with a higher accuracy than before. The finding can provide a potential solution to the commercial application in the poultry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Incubation is the last step of the whole breeding for the better performance of poultry production. Among them, the hatching rate and healthy chick rate can be always considered research hotspots in the field. Particularly, lighting has been one of the most important environmental conditions during poultry hatching in recent years. Cold light sources can be used to regulate the hatching, including fluorescent lamps and LED. The light environment can be tailored for the eggs breeding during the hatching process. Alternatively, the LED light source can be used to explore the significant influence of different monochromatic spectra on chicken embryo development and growth after hatching. Eggshell is an important medium of gas exchange between chicken embryos and the outside world during chicken embryo development. The eggshell can be antibacterial to effectively resist external physical damage. Meanwhile, the structure and morphology of eggshells are also important factors affecting the development of chicken embryos. As reported in previous research, the performance of hatching depends largely on the physical and chemical properties of the eggshell. More importantly, the monochromatic green light irradiation can shorten the hatching time of breeding eggs, leading to a higher hatching rate and the anti-stress ability of chicks. In this study, the fertilized eggs were treated with the monochrome green light by LED lamps from the two sides of the egg tray during the whole incubation process. Specifically, the illumination period was L:D= 18:6, and the illumination intensity was 120-220 lx. The influencing factors were monitored during incubation with the monochrome green light regulation, such as eggshell color, eggshell structure, pigment content, and element content. An optimal mechanism for the chick hatching was established under the monochrome green lighting. The results indicated that the incubation environment of monochromatic green light promoted the adaptive response of the eggshell. Also, the surface brightness L *of the eggshell decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the decomposition of biliverd in the eggshell was inhibited (P<0.01). In addition, the monochrome green light was beneficial to the absorption and utilization of Ca element in the eggshell. There was also a significant increase in the weathering and the pore area of the eggshell surface during hatching (P<0.000 1). Consequently, the enhanced permeability and heat dissipation of eggshell were achieved to improve the hatchability for less mortality during the hatching process. This finding can also provide the promising prospect for the better hatchability and utilization of monochrome green light in the incubation industry, as well as promoting the coordinated development of the poultry industry and energy conservation to enhance sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental parameters generally determine the incubation performance and chick quality, one of which is carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the mechanism still remains unclear, particularly the effects of high CO2 levels during early incubation on the hatching quality. In this study, three batches of fertile eggs from Jinghong No. 1 were incubated in two small-scale incubators, in order to investigate the influence of normal and higher CO2 levels during the early stage of incubation (0-10 d). The treatment and control incubator maintained the CO2 concentration of 1% and below 0.2%, respectively. The incubators were also swapped for the next batch. A higher CO2 level was controlled during the incubation using a purpose-built system with CO2 sensors and a CO2 gas adding unit. The specific parameters were measured, including hatchability, chick quality, embryo weight, and relative embryo weight at day 6, day 9, day 12, day 15, and day 18, vascular development density of allantoic chorion (CAM) at day 11, albumen pH at day 0, day 3, day 6, day 9, day 12 and day 15, and the calcium content of eggshells and embryos at day 0, day 6 and day 12. The results showed that the CO2 concentrations in the treatment and control incubator were achieved the target levels of about 0.96±0.04%, lower than 0.25%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in hatchability and fertilized egg hatchability, where were (89.17±2.53)% and (91.57±1.03)% in the treatment and control group, respectively. Moreover, the higher CO2 during early stagedid not have much effect on the chick quality. The vascular development density of CAM on the 11th day had no significant difference between the treated and control groups, because the O2 concentration was maintained around (20.2±0.1)%. There was also no significant difference in the calcium content of eggshells and embryos in the treated and control groups (P>0.05), but the calcium content of embryos increased significantly from day 6 to day 12 in both groups (P<0.05). However, the embryo weight and relative embryo weight in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group on the 9th and 12th day (P<0.05), but they were not consistent on day 6, day 15, and day 18 (P>0.05). The effect of higher CO2 on the embryo weight only occurred around the final stage of CO2 stimulation. The reason was that the liquefaction of protein by CO2 contributed greatly to promote the embryo absorption of nutrients from the protein, thereby accelerating embryonic development. But the effects just remained for a short term, until the CO2 level was lower. Furthermore, the albumen pH in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, due mainly to the higher external CO2 level, particularly the significant differences on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days. The overall change trend of protein pH value increased first and then decreased, finally reaching the peak on day 3. Consequently, 1% CO2 treatment during the early stage of incubation (0-10 d) lowered the protein pH, while accelerated the embryo development without affecting the hatchability and chick quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] The aim of the study was to establish a stable technique for isolation, purification and culture of chicken type II alveolar epithelial cells, and to provide an in vitro research model for investigation of the effects of air pollutants and other environmental stress factors on chicken alveolar function. [Methods] Digestion of lung tissue from 16-day-old chicken embryos was conducted with type I collagenase. After differential centrifugation, and differential attachment, chicken immunoglobulin G (lgG) immunoadsorption purification of cells was performed, and immunofluorescence detection and alkaline phosphatase were used for cell identification. [Results] The cells were adhered for 18-24 h, and they were polygonal in shape and grew like islands. After 24-72 h, the cells had proliferated and metabolized vigorously, the nucleus was obvious, the cytoplasm was rich, and the cells gradually connected to form a monolayer. After 72 h, the intracellular particulate matter decreased and the cell morphology changed. lmmuno-fluorescence detection showed the expression of epithelial cell marker cytokeratin-19(CK19). Alkaline phosphatase staining showed diffuse red or red-brown particles in the cytoplasm. [Conclusions] This method is an effective technique for the isolation, purification and culture of chicken alveolar epithelial cells with high cell yield and purity, which can satisfy general research in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at to solve the problem of inoculation failure caused by the cracks and the needle impact during the injection of chicken embryo vaccine, a mechanical model of impact during eggshell injection was established and analysied. First, the relationship between the resultant force per unit length of the injection hole and the initial injection velocity, the mass of the injection system and the cone angle of the needle was derived from the impulse theorem and the law of conservation of momentum. In order to verify the correctness of the mechanical model, and to further explore the relationship between eggshell deformation, stress and strain with taper angle, initial injection speed and mass of the injection system during the injection of chicken embryos, ANSYS software was used to simulate the impact of the needle on the eggshell. The simulation results verified the accuracy of the mechanical model, and it was preliminarily determined that the range of the initial injection velocity was 0.5-0.8 m/s, and the range of the injection system mass was 0.5-1.2 kg. The needle cone angles are 10°and 15°. Second, in order to complete the chicken embryo injection test, a chicken embryo injection and micro-crack detection device was established. The device consists of the high-speed camera, injection system, buffer mechanism and crack detection device of the injection hole of chicken embryo. The high-speed camera can measure the initial speed of injection, and the injection system can realize the injection of chicken embryo, even can change the mass of the injection system arbitrarily, and select different specifications the needle can change the cone angle, and the buffer mechanism can effectively avoid the crack of chicken embryo due to vibration. The crack detection device is mainly composed of CCD industrial camera, egg support and cold light source, which can ensure the accurate identification of chicken embryo crack and the smooth progress of injection parameter optimization test. Furthermore, an orthogonal experiment was designed to extract the characteristics of the injection hole cracks with image processing technology, and calculate the injection hole crack effective area index and the crack effective contour index, judgment whether the injection of cracked egg embryos and intact egg embryos. Eggshell was a micro porous structure, and the permeability of the eggshell was inconsistent. The eggshell need to be irradiated with a cold light source during the image processing, and the collected source image has bright spots. Eggshell bright spots cannot be effectively removed, and effective crack features cannot be retained using traditional threshold segmentation algorithm. Therefore, an eggshell bright spot elimination algorithm was used to retain the crack features of the chicken embryo injection hole and remove the bright spots to the maximum extent. Finally, a three-factor two-level interaction analysis of variance method was used to determine the optimal injection parameter combination: the initial injection velocity was 0.6 m/s, the needle cone angle was 10°, and the injection system mass was 1.0 kg. 7-14 day-old chicken embryos were used to test under the optimized parameters, the injection success rate was 98.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of changing the copper ion content on embryonic development, angiogenesis and anti-oxidant performance of Tibetan chickens and Cobb broilers under hypoxic conditions, and to explore the mechanism of these effects.[Methods] Each of 132 fertilized eggs with similar quality of Tibetan chickens and Cobb broilers were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. 100 μL of CuSO4 injection with different Cu2+ concentrations were in ovo injection before incubation. 90 μg·mL-1 NaCl solution in the control group,75 μg·mL-1 Cu2+in the low-dose group, and 300 μg·mL-1 Cu2+ in the high-dose group were hatched under hypoxia conditions. Chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) was fixed and collected on 12 embryonic age(E12). Image-Pro Plus 6.0 image analysis software was used to measure the blood vessel area and number of strips in CAM on E12;the hatching rate was observed at hatching, and each tissue sample was collected and measured on the quality on one-day-old; the anti-oxidation related indexes were detected using the kit; the expression of VEGF gene in liver and CAM was detected by RT-qPCR.[Results] The hatching rate of broiler chickens enhanced with the increase concentration of Cu2+ injected into the eggs. Compared with the control group, the hatching weight/egg weight, leg-body ratio of the low dose group and liver-body ratio of the high dose group significantly increased (P<0.05). The liver-body ratio of Tibetan chickens in the low-dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The vascular area and the number of middle blood vessels in CAM were significantly increased in broiler chicken group with high dose(P<0.05). The high dose of copper ion could promote the formation of large, medium and small blood vessels and increase the vascular area in CAM of Tibetan chickens (P<0.05). The number of small and medium blood vessels in CAM of Tibetan chickens in the low-dose group significantly increased (P<0.05). The activity of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD) in the serum of Tibetan chickens and broiler chickens experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). However, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was not affected by copper. Injection of high dose CuSO4 could significantly up-regulate the expression of VEGF gene in the liver and CAM of Tibetan chickens and broiler chickens (P<0.05),and the expression of VEGF gene in the CAM and liver of Tibetan chickens was higher than that of broiler chickens (P<0.05). [Conclusions] In ovo injection of CuSO4 in hypoxic environment could improve the anti-oxidant performance of the body of Tibetan chickens and broiler chickens, and promote the angiogenesis of embryo of two breeds of chicken to cope with the hypoxia environment; the anti-oxidant performance of broiler chickens was stronger than that of Tibetan chickens, and the angiogenesis capacity of Tibetan chickens was stronger than that of broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] The paper aims to isolate and identify duck reovirus from the dead ducks with clinical manifestations characterized by necrosis of liver and spleen. [Methods] The virus was isolated and propagated by inoculation of 10 days old duck embryos and further molecular biology identification was operated with PCR detection and the analysis of σC gene sequence. The detection of the biological characteristics included the infection of Leghorn male chicken hepatocellular carcinoma(LMH), chicken embryo fibroblast(CEF) and chicken embryo liver cell(CEL), the chorioallantoic membrane inoculation of 11 days old Cherry Valley duck embryos, and leg muscle injection of 4 days old Cherry Valley ducks. The physicochemical characteristics were determined by the detection of the sensitivity of the isolated NDRV to chloroform and trypsin. [Results] 5 novel duck reoviruses(NDRV) were identified, RPVA1311, RPVA1312, RPVA1313, RPVA1314 and RPVA1315, respectively. Compared with novel duck reovirus, avian reovirus(ARV) and Muscovy duck reovirus(MDRV), the nucleotide homology of σC gene sequence of the isolated NDRV were 94%-98%, 38%-41% and 40%-50%, respectively. The isolated NDRV could proliferate in LMH, CEF and CEL, and induce cytopathy characterized by cell fusion and the formation of syncytium, and the LMH viral titers of two virus isolated from Muscovy ducks(lg[TCID50]:6.32, 6.63) were significantly higher than those of three virus isolated from Cherry Valley ducks(5.83, 5.68, 5.63). All of 11 days old Cherry Valley duck embryo inoculated with the isolated NDRV died, and the main lesion of dead embryo was systemic bleeding points and ELD50 was titrated to be higher than 105.0. The virus titers of the duck embryos infected with the virus isolated from Muscovy ducks(lg[ELD50]:5.50, 5.63) were a little higher than those of the duck embryos infected with the virus isolated from Cherry Valley ducks(5.32, 5.12, 5.00). The study also found that 4 days old ducks injected with the isolated NDRV were able to show the same symptoms as the natural DRV cases, and the morbidity was 100%. Besides, the identical viruses could be isolated again from the livers and spleens of dead ducks. As for necropsy, spleen was obviously swelling with necrotic spots. In the histopathological examination, necrosis and notable lymphocyte decrease in spleen, and hepatocyte degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells around the portal area in the liver were observed. The tests of physicochemical characteristics indicated that the isolated NDRV strains were insensitive to chloroform and sensitive to trypsin of various degree. [Conclusions] The five isolated virus are a new-type duck reovirus of Reoviridae Orthoreovirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the proangiogenic activities of five main components from Danhong injection (DHI) absorbed in blood. Metiiods: A in vitro culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and a model ofchicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were used in this study. Cells or chicken embryos were randomly divided into control (Con) group, DHI group, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) group, salvianolic acid B (Sal B) group, Tanshinol (Tan) group, protocatechuic aldehyde (Pra) group and Rosmarinic acid (RosA) group. Results: In comparison with Con group, 10% (V /V )DHI and its five main components at corresponding concentrations could significantly promote HUVEC proliferation (P<0.01) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), basic fibroblast growth Factor (bFGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in HUVEC (P<0.05, P<0.01). Also, 50 % (V /V )DHI and these components at corresponding concentrations were able to boost the blood vessel density on CAM to different extent. Consistently, HSYA and Tan showed better proangiogenic action in both models. Conclusions: All the five main components from Danhong injection (DHI) absorbed in blood promote angiogenesis and HSYA and Tan have stronger proangiogenic activities than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science / Zhongguo Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Society of Veterinary Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To establish transplantation tumor model of human anaplastic thyroid cancer in the chick embryo and observe the growth and morphology of transplantation tumor. Methods We collected tumor tissues of 11 patients with thyroid anaplastic carcinoma from 2007 to 2011 for HE staining and analysis. In a sterile environment, a certain amount of anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines FROwas inoculated into chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to observe the survival of chick embryo as well as the growth, morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of transplantation tumor. Then the transplanted tumor tissue was taken for HE staining. Results Anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines FRO of 20μL containing 6×106 could grow in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and did not affect the vitality of the chick embryo. The morphological characteristics of the transplantation tumor were similar to those of human thyroid undifferentiated cancer tissue. Conclusion We successfully constructed transplantation tumor model of human anaplastic thyroid cancer in the chick embryo. The model can provide an animal model for further study on anaplastic thyroid cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]