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Objective To investigate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1). Methods A total of 411 treated HIV-1 infected patients undergoing HIV-1 DNA testing at the First Hospital of Changsha from January 2021 to July 2023 were included. Among them. 92 infected individuals with vitamin D deficiency were subjected to supplementary test and divided into study group (42 cases) and control group (50 cases) according to voluntary basis. Analysis included assessment of vitamin D deficiency across different demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-1 infected individuals, comparison of serum vitamin D levels, T-cell subset levels, and HIV-1 DNA levels between the two groups, and correlation analysis of serum vitamin D levels with T-cell subsets and HIV-1 DNA levels. Results Significant differences in serum vitamin D deficiency rates were observed among HIV-1 infected individuals across different age groups, antiretroviral therapy (ART) durations, CD8+T-cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratios(P<0.05). Individuals aged 40 years exhibited significantly lower rates of vitamin D deficiency compared to those aged 40 years(P<0.05). Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with CD8+T-cell counts(r=-0.2510,P<0.05), positively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios (r=0.1726,P<0.05), and showed no significant correlation with CD4+T-cell counts(P>0.05). Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with HIV-1 DNA levels (r=-0.1022,P<0.05) and positively correlated with ART duration(r=0.1274,P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline serum vitamin D levels and T-cell subset levels between the study and control groups (P>0.05). At the 48-week follow-up, the study group showed significantly higher levels of serum vitamin D, CD4+T-cell counts, and CD8 T-cell counts compared to baseline(P<0.05),whereas the control group exhibited only higher serum vitamin D levels compared to baseline (P=0.007). Comparison of CD4+T-cell counts, CD8+T-cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratios between the two groups at 48 weeks did not show statistically significant differences (P>0.05). At the 48-week follow-up, the study group had significantly higher serum vitamin D and CD8+T-cell counts compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Younger individuals and those in early stages of ART with HIV-1 infection tend to have relatively lower serum vitamin D levels. Supplementation with vitamin D3 may improve immune function and reduce viral reservoir levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis (As) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by lipid deposition. Panvascular diseases, which are mainly caused by As, have gradually attracted the attention of many scholars, and their main pathological features are vascular lesions. Vitamin D plays an important role in anti-As in panvascular diseases. It is involved in the regulation of renin-angiotensin system ( RAS), endothelial cell injury, immune response, neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) regulation, apoptosis and autophagy, and is a new target in panvascular diseases research. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has certain advantages in the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases. Among them, single herbs, active ingredients and compound prescriptions can regulate vitamin D-related metabolism, and have unique scientific value for the prevention and treatment of As. This article mainly discusses the role of vitamin D in multiple pathological links of panvascular diseases and related Chinese medicine interventions, aiming to provide effective ideas for the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases from the perspective of vitamin D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

25-hydroxyvitamin D is the main circulating form of vitamin D in the blood, which plays a physiological role by binding to vitamin D receptor. Research has shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D has been linked to a number of diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. In recent years, experts have found that low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be associated with the onset of vitiligo. There have been some studies on the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitiligo, which has certain guiding significance for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of vitiligo. The article reviewed the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation or oligo-ovulation. Its etiology is associated with hyperandrogenism insulin resistance.and lipid metabolism abnormalities, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone involved in calcium metabolism and bone structure. Reports indicate that vitamin D receptors can be detected in granulosa cells and theca cells of animal and human ovarian tissues, and vitamin D deficiency is a common complication of PCOS, with vitamin D levels being associated with the fertility. metabolic changes, and psychological health of PCOS patients. Some studies have found that the degree of vitamin D deficiency is related to the severity of PCOS. Although the etiology of PCOS is not yet clear, drug treatments are often ineffective, and relapse is common after discontinuation. However, in recent years, research has suggested that combined treatment with vitamin D and hormonal drugs can significantly improve clinical symptoms of PCOS, particularly benefiting follicular development and restoration of ovulation. Nevertheless, there are also some conflicting views in the literature. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively review vitamin D and its potentially related calcium ion channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of vitamin D （VD） in renal ischemia-reperfusion （I/R group） injury. Methods: Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Sham operation group （Sham group）， active VD analog alfacalcidol treatment group（VD group）， renal ischemia-reperfusion injury group （I/R group） and alfacalcidol treated I/R group （I/R+VD group）. After 24 h renal I/R injury， mice in each group were sacrificed， and peripheral blood was collected to detect the levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr） and inflammatory factors IL-1β， IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. The renal tissues of mice in each group were collected， the apoptosis level of renal tissues was detected by TUNEL staining， and the positive expression rate of NLRP3 was detected by IHC. Western blot was used to detect the NLRP3 inflammasome associated factors NLRP3， GSDMD-N， cleaved Caspase-1， IL-1β and NF-κB p65， IκBα in renal tissues of mice in each group. Results: Com-pared with Sham group， there was no significant difference in serum BUN， SCr， IL-1β， IL-18 and TNF- α levels in VD group （P> 0.05）， significantly increased in I/R group and I/R+VD group （P<0.05）. Compared with I/R group， BUN， SCr， IL-1β， IL-18 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in I/R+VD group （P<0.05）. Compared with Sham group， the positive rate of TUNEL and NLRP3 expression in renal tissues of mice in VD group had no significant difference （P>0.05）， the positive rate of TUNEL and NLRP3 expres-sion in renal tissues of mice in I/R group and I/R+VD group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the positive rate of TUNEL and NLRP3 expression in I/R+VD group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that compared with Sham group， there was no significant difference in protein expression levels of NLRP3， GSDMD-N， cleaved Caspase-1， IL-1β， NF- κB P65， IκBα in VD group （P>0.05）. The protein expression of IκBα in I/R group and I/R+VD group was significantly decreased （P< 0.05）， while the other protein expression levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the I/R group， the expression levels of NLRP3， GSDMD-N， cleaved Caspase-1， IL-1β and NF- κB p65 were significantly decreased in the I/R+VD group （P< 0.05）， while the expression level of IκBα was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Conclusion: VD plays a protective role in I/R injury by inhibiting NF-κB mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Vitamin D, as a steroid hormone, can promote intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, help the human body maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus levels, and also promote bone mineralization, regulate bone homeostasis, and play an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases. With the increasing problem of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, the attention of various disciplines to vitamin D has been increasing in recent years, and it has been found that vitamin D has a wide range of effects in the human body and has a good application prospect in a number of fields. This paper summarizes and analyzes the research progress of vitamin D in the fields of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, frailty and sarcopenia, diabetes in the elderly common diseases, in order to improve the attention to vitamin D in the clinical treatment of common diseases in the elderly.

Vitamin D is an indispensable fat-soluble vitamin in the human body, mainly in the form of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3,which can be synthesized by the skin and ingested in the diet. Vitamin D deficiency is currently a global public health problem, with approximately one billion people worldwide suffering from vitamin D deficiency, and pregnant women are at high risk. Gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） refers to normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy, and abnormal glucose tolerance of different degrees occurs for the first time during pregnancy, which is one of the complications of pregnancy. Continuous studies have proved that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is closely related to GDM,which can affect glucose balance through various mechanisms, leading to an increased risk of GDM. In addition, GDM increases the incidence of maternal and infant complications such as hyperamniotic fluid, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery, macrosomia, low body weight, and teratoma, which threatens maternal and infant health. In recent years, the research on the correlation between vitamin D and GDM has been increasing, and its correlation has been paid more and more attention by more and more scholars. This paper reviewed the research progress on the correlation between vitamin D and GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the vitamin D nutritional status and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou Province, and to provide scientific basis for the development of targeted nutritional improvement measures. Methods A total of 2,519 students from 4 primary and4 middle schools in 9 key monitoring counties (districts) in Guizhou Province, where the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students was implemented in 2023, were selected for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood biochemistry tests using multistage cluster sampling methods. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the current status of vitamin D nutrition and its influencing factors. Results The average vitamin D level of primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou Province was (22. 59 ± 6. 66) ng/ml, and the rate of low vitamin D was 37. 51%. The prevalence of low vitamin D among female students (46. 17%) was higher than that of male students (29. 11%), and the difference was statistically significant 仗2 = 78. 213, P < 0. 001). There was a significant difference in the rate of low vitamin D among students in different regions 仗2 二 23. 454, P <0. 001), and the rate of low vitamin D tended to increase with age = 44. 905, P <0. 001). The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the corresponding reference group, ethnic minorities (OR = 0. 706, 95% CI: 0. 590 - 0. 844), physical activity M60 min/d (OR = 0. 791, 95% CI: 0. 663 - 0. 943), and living in the countryside (OR - 0. 747, 95% CI: 0. 616 -0.906) were protective factors for low vitamin D levels; obesity (OR =2. 133, 95% C/: 1.390 - 3.272), female students (OR 二2. 238, 95% CI: 1.882 -2.662), the 11-13 years old group (OR =1. 849, 95% CI: 1. 521 - 2. 248) and the 14 - 17 years old group (OR = 2. 000, 95% CI: 1. 576 - 2. 539) were risk factors for low vitamin D levels. Conclusion High rates of low vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou Province require the development of personalized nutritional interventions to improve vitamin D nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term efficacy of Qingying Quzhuo decoction in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis type based on Double difference model (DID) model and its effects on vitamin D level. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with DN of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis type admitted into the hospital from Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2022 were prospectively extracted to be divided into the control group and observation group via the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received standard Western medicine treatment, while the observation group was given Qingying Quzhuo decoction on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, inflammatory factor levels, calcium and phosphorus levels, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were compared between two groups. DID model was used to compare the serum 25(OH) D levels of two groups before and after treatment at different time points (before treatment, after treatment of1, 2, 3 and 6 months). RESULTS: After 6 months of follow-up, no case was lost to follow-up. The total effective rate in the observation group ( 93. 33%, 56 / 60) was higher than that in the control group ( 78. 33%, 47 / 60), with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). At the end of follow-up, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin ( IL)-6 and IL-1β in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the serum calcium level of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the serum phosphorus level was lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Serum 25(OH)D levels were all statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). DID regression model showed that the difference effect size before treatment between two groups was 0. 844, and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0. 329>0. 1), which met the parallel trend hypothesis. The difference effect size of two groups after treatment was -1. 878, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05), indicating that the effect size of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at different time point after treatment. The difference effect size was - 2. 722, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0. 005). CONCLUSIONS: Qingying Quzhuo decoction can increase vitamin D level, improve calcium and phosphorus level, reduce inflammation level and improve curative effect in patients with DN of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the improvement of oxidative stress in patients with end-stage nephropathy by vitamin D supplementation. METHODS: A total of 152 hemodialysis patients who were treated in the nephrology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from Jun. 2021 to May 2023 were extracted to be divided into the vitamin D group (n = 76) and control group (n = 76) via the random number table method. All patients received routine hemodialysis treatment, while the vitamin D group was given Calcitriol soft capsules. All patients received continuous treatment for 12 weeks. The vitamin D status and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were compared between the vitamin D group and control group before and after treatment. The oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), subjective global assessment (SGA) scores and medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scores were compared between two groups before and after treatment. The correlation between serum 25 (OH) D and MDA, CAT, GSH-PX, SOD was evaluated by using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: After treatment, the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency in the vitamin D group decreased significantly compared with the control group (χ 2 = 16. 473, P<0. 001), the proportion of patients with normal vitamin D in the vitamin D group increased significantly compared with the control group (χ 2 = 26. 621, P<0. 001), and the 25(OH) D value increased significantly compared with the control group (t = 4. 580, P < 0. 001 ), with statistically significant differences. After treatment, MDA in the vitamin D group decreased significantly compared with the control group (t = 5. 453, P<0. 001), while CAT (t = 11. 068, P<0. 001), GSH-PX (t = 15. 129, P<0. 001) and SOD (t = 4. 976, P< 0. 001) increased significantly compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences. After treatment, the SGA scores of vitamin D group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t = 6. 482, P< 0. 001), while the SF-6 scores was significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 7. 015, P<0. 001), with statistically significant differences. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D level in patients was negatively correlated with MDA (r = - 0. 332, P = 0. 015), and positively correlated with CAT (r = 0. 392, P = 0. 030), GSH-PX (r = 0. 673, P = 0. 047), and SOD (r = 0. 288, P = 0. 026). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation can increase the serum GSH-PX, CAT and SOD of patients with ESRD, reduce the serum MDA level, improve the oxidative stress and nutritional status, and enhance the quality of life in patients. The incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency in patients with ESRD is high, serum 25 (OH) D level is closely related to oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, CAT, GSH-PX and SOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background H-type hypertension seriously affects people's health and quality of life. Currently, the clinical treatment of hypertension mainly selects drugs based on the experience, and the antihypertensive effect is not ideal. It is urgent to explore the pharmacogenetic polymorphisms of antihypertensive drugs and provide individualized medication guidance for hypertensive patients. Objective To investigate pharmacogenetic polymorphisms and the intervention effects of folic acid combined with vitamin D in patients with H-type hypertension in Jinan community, and provide reference for the implementation of integrated precision medicine for hypertension. Methods From June 2020 to June 2022, 200 hypertensive patients with poorly controlled blood pressure in 20 community health service centers of Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province were randomly selected as the research objects. Before treatment, the gene polymorphisms of five commonly used individualized antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) , calcium channel inhibitors (CCB) , angiotensin-Ⅱ receptor antagonists (ARB) , were detected. Patients were randomly divided into the gene-directed treatment group (genome group) and gene-directed synergistic folic acid and vitamin D treatment group (gene-directed group) , with 100 cases in each group. The genome group adjusted the drug according to the characteristics of the detected hypertension gene loci; the gene-directed group received folic acid and vitamin D in addition to the genomic therapy regimen. Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the morning without antihypertensive drugs were collected from patients at the initial intervention (M0) , 3 months of intervention (M3) , and 6 months of intervention (M6) . Case status, adverse reactions and stroke were recorded, gene sequencing was performed, and serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentration was detected. Pearson correlation analysis or Spearman's rank correlation analysis were used to explore the correlation between sex, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and Hcy. Results Gender (rs=-0.463) , systolic blood pressure (r=0.181) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.188) were correlated with Hcy level (PC) , CYP2D6 (c.100C>T) were associated with polymorphism loci of drug metabolism enzyme genes, respectively. ADRB1, ACEI (I/D) , AGTR1 and NPPA were associated with the polymorphic loci of drug target sensitivity genes. Genome A6986G:CYP3A5*1/*1 (AA) , ACEI (I/D) :D/D, C.100 C>T:CYP2D6*1/*1 (CC) patients at M3 and M6 had lower diastolic blood pressure than M0, A6986G:CYP3A5a1/a3 (AG) , ADRB1 C.1165 G>C:GG, c.1075A>C:CYP2C9*1/*3 (AC) , c.1075A>c:CYP2C9*3/*3 (CC) patients at M6 had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than M0, A6986G:CYP3A5*3/*3 (GG) , ADRB1 C.1165 G>C:CC, ACEI (I/D) :I/I, c.1075A>C:CYP2C9*1/*1 (AA) , AGTR1 C.1166A>c:AA, NPPA T2238C:TT, c.100 C>T:CYP2D6*10/*10 (TT) patients at M3 and M6 had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than M0, ADRB1 C.1165 G>C:GC, ACEI (I/D) :I/D, c.100 C>T:CYP2D6*1/*10 (CT) patients at M6 had lower systolic blood pressure than M0, and lower diastolic blood pressure than M0, the difference was statistically significant (P

Background As China enters the period of accelerated development of population aging, the proportion of rheumatoid arthritis cases is increasing, causing a serious burden on society and families. The active ingredients in simiao decoction have improved effect, but there is a lack of relevant studies to analyze the action and mechanism of prescriptions. Objective To observe the intervention effect of simiao decoction on rats with rheumatoid arthritis established by collageninduced arthritis and its effect on vitamin D system and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) . Methods From November 2021 to January 2023, 70 SD female rats were selected. The rats were randomly divided into the blank group (control group), model group (model group), methotrexate group (MTX group), vitamin D group (VD group), Simiao decoction low-dose group (SMT-L group), Simiao decoction medium-dose group (SMT-M group) and Simiao decoction high-dose group (SMT-H group) by random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of synovial arthritis was established by collagen induction method and the gavage treatment was started 7 d after modeling. The degree of ankle swelling was assessed, and the arthritis index (AI) score of rats in each group the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25 (OH) D3], NETs in serum of rats and the expression levels of 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), 1-α hydroxylase (CYP27B1), MPO, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and elastase (NE) in synovial tissue of joint were measured. Results The degree of ankle swelling in the control, MTX, VD, SMT-L, SMT-M and SMT-H groups was lower than that in the model group on day 7, the degree of ankle swelling in the model group was higher than the control group, the SMT-M group was higher than the model group on day 14, the degree of ankle swelling in the model group was higher than the control and MTX groups and lower than the VD, SMT-L, SMT-M and SMT-H groups on day 21, the degree of ankle swelling in the control, MTX, VD, SMT-L, SMT-M and SMT-H groups was higher than the model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of the early application of caffeine citrate combined with vitamin A and vitamin D in the prevention of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 105 premature infants admitted into this hospital from Dec. 2021 to Jun. 2023 were retrospectively selected to be divided into the convention group (conventional treatment, 50 cases) and prevention group (conventional treatment + caffeine citrate combined with vitamin A and vitamin D for prevention, 55 cases) according to different postpartum treatment. The occurrence and grading of BPD were compared between two groups and the changes of illness condition were closely observed, the incidences of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), sepsis and retinopathy (ROP) were compared, the duration of ventilator use and oxygen uptake, recovery time of birth weight and length of hospital stay of the two groups were recorded and compared. After 48 h of treatment, the indicators of arterial blood gas analysis including pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), oxygenation index (OI) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) levels of both groups were observed; the changes of inflammatory indicators of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were compared between two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: The incidence of BPD was significantly lower and the proportion of mild BPD was significantly higher in the prevention group than those in the convention group, with statistically significant differences (P <0. 05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, pneumothorax, necrotizing enterocolitis, hyperglycemia, patent ductus arteriosus, intracranial hemorrhage, and sepsis between the control group and the prevention group in premature infants (P >0. 05). The duration of ventilator use and oxygen uptake, recovery time of birth weight and length of hospital stay of the prevention group after treatment were significantly shorter than those of the convention group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The PaO2 and OI levels were significantly higher, the PaCO2 and FiO2 were significantly lower in the prevention group than those in the convention group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After treatment, the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of both groups had been significantly decreased compared to before treatment, and that of the prevention group was significantly lower than the convention group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The early application of caffeine citrate combined with vitamin A and vitamin D can prevent the occurrence of BPD and reduce the severity of BPD, its mechanism may related to improving respiratory function and reducing body inflammation in preterm infants. In addition, early application of caffeine citrate combined with vitamins A and vitamin D may also reduce other complications such as ICH, PVL, sepsis and ROP, which is helpful to improve the prognosis of preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the relationship between vitamin D levels at birth and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD） and long-term pulmonary function in preterm infants. Methods A total of 120 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit（NICU） between June 2018 and March 2020 were included in this study. Serum vitamin D levels were measured in all preterm infants at birth. Follow-up assessments were conducted when the infants reached 2 years of age, during which pulmonary function parameters, including TPTEF/TE, VPTEF/VE, and PEF, were measured. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the development of BPD, while Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels at birth and pulmonary function parameters at 2 years of age.Results Compared to preterm infants in the non-BPD group, those in the BPD group had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels（P＜0.05）. Serum vitamin D levels varied significantly among infants with different BPD severity levels（P＜0.05）, with progressively lower levels observed in more severe cases. At 2 years of age, preterm infants in the BPD group exhibited significantly lower pulmonary function parameters, including TPTEF/TE, VPTEF/VE, and PEF, compared to those in the non-BPD group（P＜0.05）. Significant differences in these pulmonary function parameters were also observed among infants with varying BPD severity levels（P＜0.05）, with greater disease severity corresponding to lower pulmonary function parameters. There was a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels at birth and the development of BPD（r=-0.659, P＜0.05）. Moreover, serum vitamin D levels at birth were positively correlated with pulmonary function parameters at 2 years of age, including TPTEF/TE, VPTEF/TE, and PEF（r=0.254, 0.232, 0.265, P＜0.05）. Conclusion Serum vitamin D levels at birth are closely associated with the development of BPD and long-term pulmonary function in preterm infants. Vitamin D deficiency at birth can be used to assess the progression of BPD and predict the long-term prognosis of affected infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the nutritional status of vitamin D and associated factors among adults of six ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province, and provide evidence for policy making. Methods Between May 2019 and August 2020, a total of 690 adults were selected from Jinuo, Bulang, Jingpo, Deang, Achang and Pumi ethnic groups according to the sex and age composition in the 6th national census. A questionnaire survey and an anthropometric examination were conducted by trained health workers, and serum 25 (OH) D levels were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The median of serum 25 (OH) D was 28.7 ( P25～P75: 24.3 ～33.8) ng/mL, and the prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency were 44.2%、 47.5% and 8.3%, respectively. There were significant differences in serum 25 (OH) D levels among the six ethnic groups (χ²=139.29, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that ethnic groups living in higher latitude areas (Pumi, Jingpo, Deang, and Achang), women, and those whose BMI≥24.0 were more likely to be vitamin D insufficient or deficient. Conclusion More than half of the ethnic adults suffer from vitamin D malnutrition which also varies across ethnicities. Further surveillance and interventions among key areas and populations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the changes in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and to analyze their correlations with the onset of PD and their predictive efficiency on the onset of PD in order to clarify the significance of VDR gene polymorphisms and changes in serum 25 (OH)D levels. Methods Totally 178 PD patients (PD group) and 185 healthy subjects (control group) during the same period were included. PCR and DNA sequencing methods were used to detect the genotyping of VDR gene FokI (rs2228570) and BsmI (rs1544410) sites, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect peripheral serum 25 (OH)D. The above indicators between the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for the onset of PD; ROC was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for the onset of PD. Results The frequencies of T allele and TT genotype of FokI site in the PD group were 48.6% and 25.3% respectively, and 37.7% and 15.1% in the control group, respectively. Comparing the two groups, χ2 were 8.516 and 10.383, respectively, and P were 0.004 and 0.001, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the alleles or genotypes of the BsmI locus between the PD group and the control group (all P＞0.05). The serum 25 (OH)D level in the PD group was (16.06±6.04) ng/mL, and that in the control group was (19.22±6.32) ng/mL (t=–4.873, P=0.000). The serum 25 (OH)D levels of patients with TC type and CC type in the PD group were lower than those in the control group (t=–3.093, 3.329, respectively; P=0.002, 0.001, respectively). When the serum 25 (OH)D levels were consistent, patients with genotypes TT and TC were 2. 527 and 1. 888 times more likely to develop PD than patients with genotype CC, respectively (all P＜0.05). When the genotypes were consistent, patients with deficient serum 25 (OH)D level were 1.918 times more likely to develop PD than those with sufficient level (P＜0.05). As for genotype TT patients with 25 (OH)D deficiency, and genotype TC patients with 25 (OH)D deficiency, their risks of developing PD were 4.818 and 3.822 times that of genotype CC patients with sufficient 25 (OH)D, respectively (all P＜0.05). The AUC under ROC of FokI locus genotype TT in predicting the onset of PD was 0. 610, 95%CI was 0. 532–0.687, the diagnostic cut-off value was 0.502, the sensitivity was 74.5%, and the specificity was 47.4%; The AUC under the ROC of lack of serum 25 (OH)D level in predicting the onset of PD was 0.576, the 95%CI was 0.517–0.635, the diagnostic cut-off value was 0.466, the sensitivity was 72. 5%, and the specificity was 42.7%, respectively; the AUC under ROC of genotype TT combined with serum 25 (OH)D deficiency in predicting the onset of PD was 0. 693, 95%CI was 0.588–0.798, the sensitivity was 64.2%, and the specificity was 74. 5%, respectively. Conclusions The frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype at the FokI site of the VDR gene are high, and the serum 25 (OH)D level is low; the T allele at the FokI site and vitamin D deficiency can promote the occurrence of PD individually or together, and both of them have poor predictive efficiency for the risk of PD onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of Diabetic retinopathy（DR） in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM). Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2020 to August 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to fundus examination, 209 patients were divided into DR Group（n=50） and non-diabetic retinopathy（NDR）group（n=159). The general data and laboratory examination indexes of patients in each group were compared. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the duration of disease, FBG, HbAlC, 25（OH）D and DR. Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between residence（town), vitamin D deficiency, SBP and DR. logistics regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of DR. The predictive value of vitamin D deficiency, disease duration, FBG, HbA1c and 25（OH）D for DR Were compared among the groups. Results: The residence（rural), FBG, HbA1c, and course of disease in the DR Group were higher than those in the NDR group, the 25（OH）D level was lower than that in the NDR group, and the vitamin D deficiency rate in the DR Group was higher than that in the NDR group, and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that DR Was negatively correlated with residence（town）（P＜0.05), and positively correlated with SBP and vitamin D deficiency（P＜0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that DR Was negatively correlated with 25（OH）D（P＜0.05), and positively correlated with course of disease, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin（P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency, course of disease, FBG and HbA1c were independent risk factors for DR（P＜0.05). The risk of DR In T2DM patients with vitamin D deficiency was 22.019times higher than that in patients without vitamin D deficiency（OR=22.019, 95%CI 2.119-228.771, P＜0.05). Receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve analysis showed that the duration of diabetes, FBG, HbA1c and 25（OH）D as combined variables could effectively predict DR, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.924. Conclusions: 25（OH）D is negatively correlated with DR, and vitamin D deficiency may be related to the occurrence of DR In T2DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT)and vitamin D deficiency. The patient was a young male with a insidious onset. Multiple tests have shown hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperparathyroidism. There was no renal dysfunction, and the diagnosis of PHPT was clear. There were kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency at the same time. The patient met the surgical indications, but the difficulty in preoperative localization was that ultrasound examination showed suspicious masses in both parathyroid regions, and the 99mTc-MIBI imaging result was negative. Finally, accurate preoperative localization was achieved through 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, and the patient was cured after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was renamed from the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In terms of the pathogenesis of MAFLD, the generally accepted theory is 'multiple attacks', including insulin resistance, lipid disorder, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, etc., which involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, currently there is no approved drug for MAFLD. Recent studies have found that vitamin D is involved in many metabolic processes and may cause MAFLD by influencing liver lipid metabolism, promoting insulin resistance and inflammatory response, participating in immune regulation, gene regulation and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, this article summarizes the relationship between vitamin D and MAFLD, explores the potential role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of MAFLD, and provides clinical ideas for the treatment of MAFLD.

To explore the efficacy of vitamin D drops combined with budesonide aerosol in the treatment of children with asthma and its effects on lung function, immune function and inflammatory factors. 120 children with asthma admitted to our hospital from August 2019 to December 2022 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with budesonide aerosol; on the basis of the control group, the observation group was treated with vitamin D drops. The clinical efficacy and clinical symptoms, lung function [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), PEF diurnal variation rate], immune function [regulatory T cells (Treg), helper T cells 2 (Th2), Th17] and inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-琢 (TNF-琢), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8] levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher comparing with the control group (91.67% vs 73.33%, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the scores of daytime symptoms and nighttime symptoms in the observation group were lower, and the C-ACT score was higher (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of FEV1, PEF and Treg in the observation group was higher, and the diurnal variation rate of PEF, the percentage of Th2 and Th17 were lower (P<0.05). After treatment, the percentages of Treg, Th2 and Th17 in the observation group were lower comparing with the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-琢, IL-6 and IL-8 in the observation group were significantly lower comparing with the control group (P<0.05). Vitamin D drops combined with budesonide aerosol is effective in the treatment of children with asthma, which can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and lung function, immune function and reduce the level of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between bone mineral density and vitamin D nutritional status in elderly patients with low-energy thoracic and lumbar compression fractures, and to provide a reference for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures and anti-osteoporotic treatment after fractures. Methods From January 2018 to December 2022, 1 128 patients with thoracic and lumbar compression fractures aged over 60 years old were collected, including 928 women and 200 men. There were 896 cases of single vertebral fracture and 232 cases of multivertebral fractures. Differences in 25(OH)D levels over time were analyzed by age group, fracture type, bone mineral density, sex, and timing. Results The mean age of the case set was 72.57±7.75 years, the level of 25(OH)D was 25. 08±9. 02 ng/mL, and the female patients were 4. 64 times more than the male patients. The most common fracture sites were T12 and L1. The average age of patients with multiple vertebral fractures was higher than that of single vertebral fractures (12.057, P=0.04). Along with aging, the level of 25(OH)D decreased significantly (F = 5.258, P= 0. 005), while the osteoporosis rate increased significantly (x²= 12. 322. P=0.002). The level of 25(OH)D in elderly women was significantly lower than that in elderly men (24. 18±8. 42 ng/mL vs 29. 26±10. 47 ng/mL; 17. 404, P<0.01). Nearly 3/4 elderly women had VD deficiency, of which VD deficiency accounted for 32.0% (297/928), and the risk of VD deficiency was 1.47 times more than that of men. At the same time, more than 1/2 (58%) of male patients had VD insufficiency. VD levels in summer were significantly higher than in other seasons. VD levels in May and August were significantly higher than in other months. 25 (OH)D and T values were positively correlated, and the femoral neck correlation was greater than that of the lumbar spine (r= 0.114, P<0.01 vs r=0.073, P=0.015). In addition, there was a significant difference in 25(OH)D levels (P<0.01) between different subgroups of the femoral neck. The 25(OH)D levels of women in the osteoporosis group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. Conclusion Low-energy thoracic and lumbar compression fractures are mainly in elderly females. Older women have significantly lower VD levels than men. VD levels vary from month to month and season. There is a correlation between VD levels and bone mineral density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　 To analyze the effects of various dosages of vitamin D（VitD) supplementation on bone metabolism and growth and development indicators of preterm infants. Methods　Preterm infants with gestational age < 34 weeks or birth weight < 1 500 g were divided into high-dose group（Total vitamin D intake ≥900 IU) and low-dose group（Total vitamin D intake < 900 IU) based on the VitD intake. Multiple linear regression approach for the analysis of the relationships between VitD intake and growth and development indicators（including the growth rate of weight, length, and head circumference) and bone metabolism indicators（including serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D, Alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus levels) of preterm infants at 28 days after birth or discharge. Results　 A total of 229 preterm infants met inclusion criteria, including 135 cases in the highdose group and 94 cases in the low-dose group. There were no significant differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium levels among the groups (P > 0.05) . Preterm infants in high-dose group had a lower incidence of hypophosphatemia（χ2 = 6.215, P = 0.045) and a higher level of serum alkaline phosphatase（Z = 3.174, P = 0.002) compared to the low-dose group. There were no significant differences in the growth rate of weight and length among the groups (P > 0.05) . Preterm infants with high-dose group had a higher percentage of the growth rate of head circumference ≥5 mm per week（χ2 = 4.036, P < 0.001) and a higher growth rate of head circumference（β = 1.510, 95%CI: 0.751～2.269, P < 0.001) compared to the low-dose group. Conclusion　 High-dose vitamin D intake can stabilize bone metabolism and promote the growth rate of head circumference in preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the changes in vitamin D levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and to analyze the correlation between vitamin D and total bile acids (TBA) levels. Methods A total of 60 pregnant women were selected (30 in the normal group and 30 in the ICP group) . Demographic characteristics and perinatal data were recorded and collected. Serum TBA concentration, liver function, total cholesterol, triglyceride and serum 25 (OH) D levels were measured. Results No significant differences were observed in maternal age at pregnancy, body mass index (BMI）, ALT, AST, γ-glutamyltransferase levels between two groups (all P > 0.05) . The Apgar scores at 5 minutes of all newborn infants were 10. In the ICP group, the gestational age of pregnant women was younger and the birth weight of newborn infants was lower compared with those in normal group (both P < 0.05) . Serum 25 (OH) D level was (24.84±1.88）μg/L in the ICP group, lower than (31.72±2.39）μg/L in the normal group (P < 0.05) . In the ICP group, 25 (OH) D level in the umbilical vein blood was (13.61±1.24）μg/L, lower compared with (21.96±2.69）μg/L in the normal group (P < 0.01) . The 25 (OH) D level in the umbilical vein blood was positively correlated with serum 25 (OH) D level in pregnant women in both groups (normal group： r=0.763, P < 0.001； ICP group：r=0.726, P < 0.001）. In the ICP group, serum 25 (OH) D level was negatively correlated with TBA level in the ICP group (r=-0.692, P < 0.001）. There was no correlation between serum 25 (OH) D and TBA levels in normal pregnant women (P > 0.05) . There was no significant differences in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels between two groups (both P > 0.05) . Conclusions The vitamin D levels in serum and umbilical vein blood of pregnant women in the ICP group are lower than those of normal pregnant women, which may be related to high TBA level in ICP patients. For ICP pregnant women, supplemental dose of vitamin D may be appropriately increased to promote intrauterine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is a key factor in the progression from various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis, which is the result of the combined action of multiple types of cells, cytokines, and mediators in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） play an important role in the stage of liver fibrosis. Vitamin D with 1，25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 as the active form, has been found to be a steroid hormone closely associated with the severity of chronic liver disease, which plays a key role in the regulation of HSCs. Vitamin D can regulate the expression of related target genes and inhibit HSC activation through the TGF-β/SMAD, Wnt/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, NLRP3 and NF-κB cell signaling pathways, thereby controling the progression of liver fibrosis. In this article, research progress in the relationship between vitamin D and HSCs, the mechanism of vitamin D regulating HSCs in liver fibrosis and anti-fibrosis therapy were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveA method involving derivatization combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of vitamin D in infant formula food.MethodsThe samples were treated with enzymolysis， saponification， liquid-liquid extraction， and 4-phenyl-1，2，4-triazoline-3，5-dion derivatization. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Atlantis® T3 column， and gradient elution was performed using the methanol-5 mmol/L ammonium format solution as the mobile phase. The method applied positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode and was quantified with the isotope internal standard method.ResultsA good linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient above 0.99. The average recovery levels from three different ranged from 92.3% to 94.2%， and the relative standard deviations were between 3.03% and 5.34% （n=6）. The limit of quantification was 1 μg/kg.ConclusionThis method is simple， accurate with high sensitivity and high selectivity， and suitable for the determination of vitamin D in infant formula food.

Objective To analyze the changes of vitamin D in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Methods 130 children with HSP from Kunming Children’s Hospital between July 2022-July 2023 were selected as the study subjects and 100 healthy children were selected during the same period as the control group. The blood samples were collected from the children with HSP and the healthy children. The content of vitamin D was measured by Kunming Kingmed Institute for Clinical Laboratory. Results The content of 25 (OH) D in children with HSP was lower than that in healthy children, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).The proportion of vitamin D insufficiency in children with HSP was higher than that in healthy children, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The children with HSP are prone to vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D supplementation may provide a new method for the treatment of HSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis afflicts 200 million patients worldwide. With the aging of the global population, the incidence of osteoporosis will continue to increase, and the prevention of osteoporosis has become an urgent problem in the field of public health. This paper analyzes the mechanisms by which milk and dairy products as well as their components such as minerals, vitamins, protein, fat and lactose modulate the intestinal flora and in turn affect calcium absorption and bone health. The interventional effects of dairy products fortified with vitamin D, prebiotics and/or probiotics in different populations and their effect in reducing the risk of osteoporosis are reviewed. The interventional effects of dairy products and plant-based milk are compared. This review hopes to provide a scientific reference for precision intervention with dairy products to improve bone health.

In this study, the composition and content of vitamin D and its esters in 108 human milk samples from different lactation stages (colostrum on days 0–7, transition milk on days 8–15 , and mature milk after day 16) were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The results showed that human milk contained 4 kinds of vitamin D and 20 kinds of vitamin D esters, 16, 18 and 14 kinds of vitamin D esters being found in colostrum, transition milk and mature milk, respectively. During the whole lactation period, the average contents of vitamin D2 and 25(OH)-D3 in colostrum were highest, 26.83 and 160.67 ng/L, respectively; the average content of vitamin D3 in transition milk was highest, 119.87 ng/L; and the average content of 1,25(OH)2-D3 in mature milk was highest, 1.82 ng/L. The average contents of vitamin D esters in colostrum, transition milk and mature milk were 11.89, 10.73 and 11.47 ng/L, respectively, and the content of vitamin D2 tetradecenoate (C14:1) was highest throughout the lactation period. Through partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), colostrum, transition milk and mature milk could be well separated, indicating that the types and contents of vitamin D and vitamin D esters in human milk change from colostrum to mature milk. There was a correlation between different vitamin D esters. This study could provide data support for the development of infant formula.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis （HT） is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors on the basis of genetic susceptibility. Trace elements are an important part of environmental factors， among which iodine excess， selenium deficiency， magnesium deficiency and vitamin D deficiency are the risk factors inducing the incidence and progression of HT. The mechanism of HT induced by these nutritional factors is related to the activation of thyroid autoimmune response， oxidative stress response and inflammatory response. For HT susceptible population and HT patients， rational dietary guidance should be given， and corresponding nutritional supplements should be delivered when necessary， aiming to delay the incidence and progression of HT.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common female disorder with reproductive, endocrine and metabolic features. Women with PCOS and anovulatory infertility could be offered in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) as fertility treatment. A significantly increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, miscarriage, very preterm delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders has been reported to be associated with PCOS in women undergoing IVF. Pharmacological pretreatment before IVF may improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with PCOS. According to review, it is found that preconditioning with oral contraceptives, metformin, inositol, growth hormone, or vitamin D, or during controlled ovulation, could improve IVF outcomes in patients with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) and liver function in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) . Methods Ninety children with acute IM were enrolled into the IM group, and 40 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were allocated into the control group. Serum level of 25 (OH) D was determined by electrochemiluminescence and the viral load of Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBVDNA) in plasma was determined by quantitative fluorescent RT-PCR. Clinical data and serum 25 (OH) D levels were compared between two groups. The correlation between 25 (OH) D level and atypical lymphocytes, liver function parameters and plasma EBVDNA in children with IM was analyzed. Results Serum 25 (OH) D level in the IM group was significantly lower, whereas the 25 (OH) D inadequacy rate was significantly higher than those in the control group (both P < 0.05) . Serum 25 (OH) D level was negatively correlated with atypical lymphocytes in the IM group (P < 0.05) . The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in IM children with serum 25 (OH) D inadequacy were higher than those in their counterparts with adequate serum 25 (OH) D (all P < 0.05) . No significant differences were found in total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and plasma EBV-DNA load between the adequate and inadequate subgroups (all P > 0.05) . In the IM group, serum 2 (5 OH) D level was negatively correlated with ALT, GGT, and ADA (all P < 0.05), whereas positively correlated with CHE (P < 0.05) and had no correlation with AST, TBIL or DBIL (all P > 0.05) . Conclusions Serum vitamin D insufficiency occurs in children with IM. Vitamin D may be involved in the incidence and development of the course of IM, which is probably associated with liver function impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China is the property of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Egg quality can be divided into two aspects: External quality and internal quality. External quality is often concerned with eggshell quality and eggshell color. Internal quality is concerned with the quality of egg contents, yolk color and so on. Dietary nutrient level can affect egg quality, among which vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption and utilization, and is an essential vitamin for normal growth and bone development of poultry. Dietary supplementation of vitamin D can improve the performance and egg quality of laying hens. In the paper, the biological functions of vitamin D, the main supplemental forms and applications of vitamin D in diets, as well as the digestion, absorption and metabolism patterns in laying hens were reviewed. The research progress on the regulation of eggshell quality, eggshell color and egg content quality of vitamin D was reviewed, and the possible mechanisms of action were analyzed to provide references for improving egg quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of caffeine citrate combined with different doses of vitamin d on incidence and inflammatory reaction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. METHODS: Totally 98 preterm infants admitted into the hospital from Jul. 2020 to Jun. 2022 were extracted to be divided into the study group and the observation group via the random number table method, with 49 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine treatment and caffeine citrate treatment. On this basis, the control group was treated with low-dose vitamin D, and the study group received high-dose vitamin D. Incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α ), interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ), endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)], pulmonary function indicators [tidal volume ( TV), time to peak ratio ( TPTE / TE) and peak volume ratio (VPTE / VE)] of two groups were compared. The recovery of children was observed, and the main complications and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the study group was 8. 16% (4 / 49), lower than 24. 49% (12 / 49) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). After intervention, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, ET-1 and TGF-β1 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). After intervention, the levels of TV, TPTE / TE, VPTE / VE in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). The duration and disappearance time of apnea in the study group were significantly shorter than that of the control group, the times of apnea were significantly less than that of the control group, and the duration of invasive and non-invasive ventilation, length of stay, oxygen dependence time, and the time to regain birth weight were significantly shorter than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications and adverse drug reactions between two groups (P > 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine citrate combined with high-dose vitamin D can effectively reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, inhibit inflammatory reaction, improve lung function, shorten the time of oxygen dependence and mechanical ventilation, and have a positive impact on promoting the early recovery of airway in children, with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common female disorder with reproductive, endocrine and metabolic features. Women with PCOS and anovulatory infertility could be offered in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) as fertility treatment. A significantly increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, miscarriage, very preterm delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders has been reported to be associated with PCOS in women undergoing IVF. Pharmacological pretreatment before IVF may improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with PCOS. According to review, it is found that preconditioning with oral contraceptives, metformin, inositol, growth hormone, or vitamin D, or during controlled ovulation, could improve IVF outcomes in patients with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate relationship between vitamin D level and season, sleep quality and anxiety and depression in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods Total 246 patients with chronic insomnia and treated in The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2020 to August 2022 were included. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels were determined. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-14 (HAMA-14) to evaluate anxiety, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 24 (HAMD-24) to evaluate depression. Results The incidence of serum 25 (OH) D deficiency ( < 20 ng/ml) in chronic insomnia patients was higher than that in control group (χ² = 78.202, P = 0.000), and serum 25 (OH) D level was lower than that in control group (Z = - 6.677, P = 0.000). According to the onset season, 246 chronic insomnia patients were divided into winter and spring group (n = 156) and summer and autumn group (n = 90). PSQI score (Z = -2.694, P = 0.007), HAMA-14 total score (Z = - 2.166, P = 0.030), somatic anxiety score (Z = - 2.545, P = 0.011) and HAMD-24 score (Z = - 2.065, P = 0.039) in winter and spring group were higher than those in summer and autumn group. Serum 25 (OH) D level in winter and spring group was lower than that in summer and autumn group (Z = - 2.681, P = 0.007). According to PSQI score, 246 patients with chronic insomnia were divided into mild - moderate insomnia group (n = 114) and severe insomnia group (n = 132). In severe insomnia group, the proportion of female (χ² = 10.733, P = 0.001), HAMA-14 total score (Z = -4.633, P = 0.000), mental anxiety score (Z = - 5.273, P = 0.000) and physical anxiety score (Z = -2.859, P = 0.004), and HAMD-24 score (Z = -5.430, P = 0.000) were higher than those in the mild-moderate insomnia group, and serum 25 (OH) D level was lower than those in the mild-moderate insomnia group (Z = -1.986, P = 0.047). Correlation analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D was negatively correlated with PSQI score (r=-0.331, P = 0.000), HAMA- 14 total score (r = - 0.178, P = 0.005) and HAMD-24 score (r = - 0.142, P = 0.027). Conclusions Patients with chronic insomnia have lower vitamin D level, and patients with winter and spring onset have lower vitamin D level, worse sleep quality, and more severe anxiety, depression and somatization symptoms. Patients with worse sleep quality had lower vitamin D level, and more anxiety and depression. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sleep quality and risk of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is the most common mental disorder, and its pathogenesis is unclear. Currently, there are no biomarkers that can predict the onset of depression and assess the severity of depression. Vitamin D deficiency may affect the severity of depression. The article reviews the effects and possible mechanisms of vitamin D on depression, in order to provide the basis for the evaluation and treatment of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the effect of vitamin D treatment on bone metastasis of prostate cancer mice induced by octanoic acid and high-fat diet. Methods The bone metastasis model of prostate cancer mice was established, and the mice were divided into normal feeding Control group, High fat group fed with high fat diet, Bitter group fed with caprylic acid and Vitamin D group fed with caprylic acid and high fat diet. After the study, the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D（25-OH-D） in peripheral blood of mice in the three groups were detected, and the degree of bone metastasis and the expression of E-cadherin and p38 protein in tumor tissues of mice in each group were detected. Transwell mice were used in vitro to study the effect of vitamin D on the invasion and migration ability of RM-1 cells affected by caprylic acid. Results Compared with the control group, the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and calcium in the blood of mice in the High fat group and Bitter group, as well as the contents of SUVmin, SUVmax and SUVmean in the 18F-NaF PET-CT test results were significantly increased（P < 0.05）;And Bitter group was significantly higher than High fat group（P < 0.05）, while Vitamin D group was significantly lower than Bitter group（P < 0.05）. In vitro, octanoic acid treatment significantly increased the invasion and migration ability of RM-1 cells, but vitamin D could inhibit the invasion and migration ability of RM-1 cells promoted by octanoic acid. In vivo, caprylic acid can significantly increase the expression of E-cadherin and p-p38/p38 protein in tumor tissue of mice with bone metastasis of prostate cancer from high-fat diet, but vitamin D can significantly reduce the increased E-cadherin and p-p38/p38 protein table of caprylic acid. Conclusion Vitamin D treatment inhibited bone metastasis of prostate cancer mice promoted by octanoic acid and high-fat diet, and its mechanism may be related to the increase of serum 25-OH-D content and the inhibition of E-cadherin, p-p38/p38 protein expression in cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Vitamin D levels were detected in 34 patients with PCOS and 30 healthy women, and the correlation analysis was performed. Vitamin D deficiency mouse model and PCOS mouse model were constructed and divided into four groups: control group (CTR group), PCOS group, vitamin D deficiency group (VD- group), and vitamin D deficiency combined with PCOS group (VD-+ PCOS group). Estrous cycle and ovary morphological changes were observed. Serum sex hormone indexes and glucose lipid metabolism indexes were detected. Real⁃time quantitative PCR (RT⁃qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of hormone synthase and sex hormone receptor in ovarian tissues. Results: The levels of serum 25⁃ hydroxyvitamin D［25 (OH) D］in PCOS women were significantly lower than those in normal healthy women［ (16.49 ± 6.50) ng/mL vs. (20.08 ± 5.28) ng/mL, P=0.019]. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TT), LH/FSH ratio and free androgen index (FAI) in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were significantly lower than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D levels of the total sample population were negatively correlated with LH (r=-0.271, P<0.05), LH/FSH ratio (r=-0.314, P<0.05), TT (r=-0.276, P<0.05), prolactin (PRL) (r=-0.274, P<0.05) and FAI (r=-0.312, P<0.05) respectively, and serum 25 (OH) D levels in PCOS patients were negatively correlated with PRL (r=-0.404, P<0.05). Vitamin D deficiency stalled the estrous cycle in mice. Compared with the CTR group, the serum LH levels of mice in other three groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the CTR group, the mRNA level of androgen receptor (AR) in ovarian tissues of mice in VD-group was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency existed in patients with PCOS. There was a negative correlation between serum 25 (OH) D and PRL in PCOS patients. Vitamin D deficiency disturbs normal estrous cycle and affects sex hormone levels in mice. Vitamin D deficiency may participate in the occurrence of PCOS by regulating the expression of sex hormone receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid carcinoma(TC) is the most common malignant tumor of endocrine system. Patients with vitamin D deficiency have an increased risk of TC. Vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) is main inactivating enzyme of active vitamin D which may inhibit the antiproliferative effect of vitamin D and promote the development of TC by inactivating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Objective: To investigate the relation between febrile convulsions and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25-(OH)D3 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in children. Methods: 241 children (divided into simple febrile convulsions and complex febrile convulsions), who were diagnosed with febrile convulsions at the Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2017 to October 2022, were selected into the febrile convulsions group; 100 healthy children, who had no uncomfortable symptoms and attended the outpatient clinic of the Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center for physical examination, were included into the control group. For all the subjects, the serum 25-(OH)D3 and IL-6 levels were measured, and clinical information, such as age, gender and season, was recorded. Results: (1)Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels in the febrile convulsion group were significantly lower than in the healthy control group [(78.77 ± 20.37) nmol/L versus (96.55 ± 29.74) nmol/L, respectively], and there was a statistically significance between the two groups (t=-6.359, P<0.001). Serum IL-6 levels in the febrile convulsion group were significantly higher than in the healthy control group, and there was a statistically significance between the two groups (Z=-14.291, P<0.001). (2)Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels in children with complex febrile convulsions were significantly lower than those in children with simple febrile convulsions, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t= of 6.612, P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in children with complex febrile convulsions than in children with simple febrile convulsions, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z= - 10.151, P<0.001). The difference in the severity of febrile convulsions was statistically significant in serum 25- (OH)D3 levels (χ²=29.83, P<0.001). (3)The results of correlation analysis showed that serum 25-(OH) D3 level was negatively correlated with febrile convulsion (γ=-0.393, P<0.05). However, serum IL-6 levels were positively correlated with it (γs=0.328, P<0.05). (4)In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in serum 25-(OH)D3 levels among children with febrile convulsions in different seasons (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between febrile convulsion and serum levels of 25 - (OH) D3 and IL-6. 25-(OH)D3 and IL-6 may participate in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease, however, specific treatments are still lacking at present. Vitamin D exerts various biological effects in the human body through binding to cellular receptors following metabolism, and has broad clinical applications. In recent years, the results of clinical trials have demonstrated the significant reduction of proteinuria level in DKD patients with favorable safety profiles through using vitamin D or its analogs. However, there is still no consensus on the recommended medication type, dosage, administration route, or course of treatment currently. In addition, fundamental research has suggested that vitamin D may exert its effects on the pathogenesis of DKD through multiple pathways. This review comprehensively reviews the clinical applications of vitamin D and its analogs in the treatment of DKD both domestically and internationally, and also briefly summarizing the achievements in basic research, so as to provide theoretical support for future studies and clinical applications of this type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of oral vitamin D combined with topical halometasone cream in the treatment of mild to moderate alopecia areata (AA) with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25- (OH)D3]. Methods A total of 45 AA patients with low 25- (OH)D3 admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from April 2019 to April 2021 were randomly divided into the two groups. The patients in the control group (n=21) were given the therapy of topical halometasone cream twice a day, while the patients in the study group (n=24) were treated with oral vitamin D drops daily on the basis of topical halometasone cream. After 12 weeks of treatment, the efficacy, adverse reaction and short-term recurrence of the patients in the two groups were analyzed. Results The effective rate of the study group was 87. 5%, higher than 61. 9% of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P＜0. 05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. There was no short-term recurrence in the study group, while three cases in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The combination therapy of oral vitamin D drops and halometasone cream for AA with mild 25-(OH)D3 has significant efficacy, and there is no obvious adverse reaction and low recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hashimoto' s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors on the basis of genetic susceptibility. Trace elements are an important part of environmental factors, among which iodine excess, selenium deficiency, magnesium deficiency and vitamin D deficiency are the risk factors inducing the incidence and progression of HT. The mechanism of HT induced by these nutritional factors is related to the activation of thyroid autoimmune response, oxidative stress response and inflammatory response. For HT susceptible population and HT patients, rational dietary guidance should be given, and corresponding nutritional supplements should be delivered when necessary, aiming to delay the incidence and progression of HT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)