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Action quality assessment refers to evaluate the action quality performed by human in video,such as calculating the quality score,level and evaluating the performance of different people.It is an important direction in video understanding and computer vision research.This paper summarizes the main methods of action quality assessment,including action quality score prediction methods,level classification and ranking methods.The performance of these methods on public datasets is also analyzed.Finally,the challenge problems in future research are discussed.

In the electrolyte containing Nd2O3 particles with different concentrations, the micro - arc oxidation technology was used to prepare the coatings on the surface of 2A12 aluminum alloy. The effects of Nd2O3 particles with different concentrations on the hardness, thickness and adhesion strength between the micro - arc oxidation coating and the substrate were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of the coatings with good performance on the surface of 2A12 aluminum alloy by micro - arc oxidation. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray diffraction (XRD) and X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the cross section morphology and phase composition of the coatings. TT - 230 eddy current thickness tester, HVS - 1000 digital Vickers hardness tester and MFT - 4000 multi - functional material surface performance tester were used to test the coating thickness, hardness, and adhesion strength, respectively. Results showed that the coatings were mainly composed of α - Al2O3, γ - Al2O3 and SiO2 phases. With the increase of Nd2O3 particle concentration, the hardness, thickness, and adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate performed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Moreover, when Nd2O3 particle concentration was 0.3 g/L, the micro hardness, thickness, and adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate reached the maximum value of 576.38 HV, 8.17 μm and 16.7 N. In summary, adding Nd2O3 was an effective method to enhance the properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy micro - arc oxidation coating, and the optimal concentration was 0.3 g/L.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of narrow band intense pulsed light (DPL) combined with long pulse 1 064 nm Nd∶YAG laser for infant port wine stain. Methods: A total of 98 patients with infant port wine stain were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (58 cases) was treated with DPL and long pulse 1 064 nm Nd∶YAG laser for 3~5 treatment session at 4-week interval, while 40 patients treated with DPL alone served as controls. Follow-up was performed 1 month after the last treatment. Results: Combination of DPL and long pulse 1 064 nm Nd∶YAG laser displayed a total effective rate of 70.69%, including complete clearance (13 cases, 22.41%), marked improvement (16 cases, 27.58%), and some improvement (12 cases, 20.68%). In contrast, only 37.50% of patients treated with DPL alone showed improvement, including 2 cases of complete clearance (5.00%), 8 cases of marked improvement (20.00%), and 5 cases of some improvement (12.50%). Total effective rates differed significantly between the two groups (χ2=10.65, P

BACKGROUND The main types of primary tin ore occur in skarn, porphyry, cassiterite silicate vein, cassiterite sulfide vein, quartz vein and greisen tin deposits. Tin ores are generally insoluble in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia, and tin ores cannot be dissolved completely when treated with sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. Traditional measurement methods such as phenylfluorone-cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide spectrophotometry and iodometry have disadvantages, such as the serious interference of the associated elements in the sample, poor stability, high detection limit and low analysis efficiency. OBJECTIVES To establish a method for the determination of tin in primary ore by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. METHODS The sample was melted and decomposed by sodium oxide, and leached by hot water, followed by tartaric acid and hydrochloric acid acidification. 103Rh was used as the internal standard element to correct instrument signal drift, and the matrix effect was overcome by high-dilution factors. RESULTS The detection limit of the method was 0.1μg/g for tin, the precision was less than 5%, the minimum detection concentration was 0.4μg/g, and the measurement range was 12.5-12700μg/g. CONCLUSIONS The method has simple pretreatment and operation. The analysis efficiency and data quality are an improvement over traditional methods.

The threshold-minimum dominating set problem in graph theory is a NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, which is essentially an extension of the minimum dominant set problem. This paper studies the threshold-minimum dominating set problem for the given undirected graph G = V, E) and threshold value r. Firstly, some mathematical properties and corresponding proof are studied, and these properties can be used to reduce the size of the given problem, thereby reducing the difficulty of the problem solving. Secondly, the upper and lower bound sub-algorithms and the reduced order subalgorithm are designed. Based on these sub-algorithms, a backtracking algorithm with reduction(BAR) is proposed, which can reduce the problem size and get the optimal solution. Finally, an example analysis and some random examples verifies that the algorithm can effectively reduce the difficulty of problem-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to study the suitable mixing method of hybrid Pennisetum and different forage in different proportions. Lablab purpureus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Sorghum bicolor were selected as mixed objects, and the mixing ratios were 80 : 20, 70 : 30 and 60 : 40, respectively, according to the fresh weight of raw materials. After 45 d of silage, sensory evaluation, nutrient composition analysis, fermentation quality analysis and kaiser score were performed. The results showed that mixing hybrid Pennisetum and Lablab purpureus at the ratio of 80 : 20 and 70 : 30 could significantly increased the content of CP, NDF, ADF, WSC and RFV of silage (P<0.05). Mixing hybrid Pennisetum with Sorghum bicolor at the ratio of 70 : 30 could significantly decreasedthe content of acetic acid and butyric acid and improve the fermentation quality of silage (P<0.05). The pH value and acetic acid content of mixed silage of hybrid Pennisetum and Amaranthus hypochondriacus were increased which could not improve the fermentation quality of silage. The study indicates that the optimum mixing ensilage ratio of hybrid Pennisetum and Lablab purpureus is 80 : 20 and 70 : 30, and the optimum mixing ensilage ratio of hybrid Pennisetum with Sorghum bicolor is 70 : 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfect base makeup is the guarantee of exquisite makeup. However, the problem of darkening of base makeup seriously affects the instant cosmetic effect, which troubles the relevant researchers and consumers. In this work, some liquid foundations were prepared, and the darkening of liquid foundations of different colors were compared. The effects of evaporation of emulsifying system and sebum secretion were discussed. A non-contact colorimeter was used to monitor the color deviation to investigate the influencing factors of darkening. The results showed that the foundation darkening was not caused by oxidation. The red hue of the foundation darkened faster because the human eye was more sensitive to the color deviation of red. The volatilization and skin sebum secretion accelerated the foundation darkening process, which was caused by the change of foundation surface structure. Considering the above influencing factors, the formula was adjusted and an improved formula was proposed, which could significantly slow down the process of foundation darkening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maxout units have the problem of not delivering non-max features， resulting in the insufficient of pooling operation over a subspace that is composed of several linear feature mappings,when they are applied in deep convolutional neural networks.The mixed maxout (mixout) units were proposed to deal with this constrain.Firstly,the exponential probability of the feature mappings getting from different linear transformations was computed.Then,the averaging of a subspace of different feature mappings by the exponential probability was computed.Finally,the output was randomly sampled from the max feature and the mean value by the Bernoulli distribution,leading to the better utilizing of model averaging ability of dropout.The simple models and network in network models was built to evaluate the performance of mixout units.The results show that mixout units based models have better performance.

The seasonal temperature forecasting models in greenhouse based on multiple regression (MR), BP artificial neural networks (BPANN), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were constructed using meteorological observations inside and outside the Venlo-type glass greenhouses from 27th February 2021 to 4th March 2023 at Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, and then to validate all the models. The results showed that the fitting accuracy of the seasonal forecasting models for daily average and minimum air temperatures in the greenhouse was significantly higher than that of the seasonal forecasting models for daily maximum air temperature; the fitting accuracy of each model for air temperature inside the greenhouse in spring, summer and autumn was higher than that for winter. For the seasonal forecasting models of daily average air temperature and minimum air temperature, the fitting accuracy of the spring, summer and autumn forecasting models constructed by the four algorithms was higher, but the simulation effect of the RF model was more stable, and the coefficient of determination (R²) of the simulated values and the actual observed values were above 0.94, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and absolute error (MAE) were within 1.5 °C. For the seasonal forecast models of daily maximum temperature, the fitting accuracy of RF model for spring, summer and autumn was higher than other models in general, and its R² value was above 0.75. The MR model had higher accuracy for winter indoor air temperature and was more suitable for predicting winter greenhouse air temperature. The study concluded that it is feasible to choose the RF model to forecast the air temperature inside the glass greenhouse in spring, summer and autumn and the MR model to forecast the air temperature inside the glass greenhouse in winter, and this study can provide an important reference for the seasonal forecast of air temperature in Venlo-type glass greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a supplier bidding strategy model for multi-attribute reverse auction to get the optimal bidding strategy of the target supplier for the next round in the multi-attribute combinatorial bidding process. Considering the bidding strategy of competitive vendors and winner determination rules, the model combined the solving procedure of ABCA and the decision-making process of the target suppliers. It used ABCA to search the optimal strategy of the target supplier for the next round of bids with the analysis of the competitive vendors' cost function. The simulation result shows that this model can effectively find out the optimal bidding strategy of the target supplier in the dynamic bidding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of biological soil disinfestation (BSD) in control of continuous potato monoculture barrier was investigated in present study. BSD involves the induction of soil reduction conditions through incorporation of easily decomposed organic materials into soil, flooding the soil by irrigation, and covering the soil surface with plastic film. Control(CK) was left without cover and organic amendment as well as flooding. Field experiment was conducted for testing the effect of BSD approach on the control of continuous potato monoculture barrier, especially on tube yield, plant growth and development, suppression of soil-borne pathogen, and soil microbial community and enzyme activities. Compared with CK, BSD treatment significantly increased tuber yield by 16.1% and plant biomass by 30.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the incidence of diseased plant and the ratio of diseased tuber in BSD treatment also significantly decreased by 68.0% and 46.7% as compared to those in CK, respectively. BSD treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll and branch numbers per main stem of potato plants, improved the morphological characteristics of potato root system. In the course of BSD before potato sowing, soil pH value and bacteria/fungi significantly increased, but populations of fungi and Fusarium sp. significantly decreased compared with CK. There were no significant changes in populations of bacteria and actinomycetes between CK and BSD treatments. During potato growing stage, the populations of both soil fungi and Fusarium sp. were lower in BSD treatment than those of CK. With the advance of potato growth, the population of Fusarium sp. in BSD treatment gradually increased compared with CK. There were no significant changes in soil enzyme activities in the course of BSD before potato sowing and the whole of potato growing stage. It was concluded that BSD has the potential to control continuous potato monoculture barrier and may be an important element in a sustainable and effective management strategy for potato soil-borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify chemicals in root exudates and their effect on Rhizoctonia solani in potato cropping systems. Root exudates were collected from the fields with 5 years of continuous potato cropping in comparison with rotational cropping of potato and other crops, using in-house made root boxes at the seedling and squaring stages. Chemicals in the root exudates were identified using the GC-MS method. The results showed that glucide concentration was the highest in the root exudates, followed by organic acids. Compared with the rotational cropping, the continuous cropping significantly decreased the glucide content and increased the content of organic acids in the root exudates. The contents of almitic acid in root exudates under continuous cropping was 0.94% at seedling stage and 1.4% at squaring stage, the dibutyl phthalate was 0.15%, whereas under rotational cropping, those values were decreased to 0.15%, 0.2%, and being negligible, respectively. The root exudates promoted the growth of R. solani, especially under continuous potato cropping. The simulation test showed that the palmitic acid and dibutyl phthalate in root exudates could promote the growth of R. solani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the inhibition effect of yam extracts on α-glucosidase and to explore the potential treatment and prevention effects of yam on type 2 diabetes. Methods: Yam was extracted in hot water using the solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 at temperature 90 C for 2 hours. Then the aqueous extracts of yam were acquired after ultrafiltration. An effective α-glucosidase activity detection system was established to detect the inhibition effects of yam extracts according to the degradation of α-glucosidase on starch. Finally, Bioinformatics analysis system was build between interaction of proteins and small molecules. And effective yam polysaccharide components were screened. Results: Yam extracts can inhibit α-glucosidase activity by more than 46%, and the IC50 value was 1.9g/ml. Conclusion: Yam could be used as one of the medicinal and edible plants for type 2 diabetes patients, which provides a new opportunity for high-risk type 2 diabetes population to choose suitable dietary pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied minimum ratio traveling salesman problem (MRTSP), which objective function was the ratio between the total distances and total benefits, and presented a discrete bat algorithm for solving MRTSP. In this improved bat algorithm, on the one hand, it redefined the subtraction operator of location and location, the multiplication operator of real number and location, and the addition operator of velocity and location. On the other hand, it introduced the reversing the city subsequence in order to perform the route's local search. The experimental results show that this improved bat algorithm is feasible and can effectively solve the MRTSP instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the diversified and interrelated characteristics of arts, in the process of laboratory management the authors put forward a new idea of constructing an experiment center for arts of sustainable development which has the characteristics of professional combination, resource sharing and integration of teaching and studying. The application of this idea in experiment center construction and management has achieved a series of remarkable results. Students have improved their professional quality and practice ability of the students through the integration of teaching resources. By reforming the operation mechanism of the experiment center, its sustainable capability is greatly improved. The teaching system of the arts is professionally promoted, the teaching content is refined and the teaching methods are advanced. The mode of opening laboratory management has fully aroused the students' initiative and enthusiasm to experiment. The establishment of the experiment center and the off-campus training base has created a superb teaching and research environment for teachers and students. It helps them to communicate with the world and offer them a way to serve the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Engineering & Science / Jisuanji Gongcheng yu Kexue is the property of Computer Engineering & Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By referring to Alfred Adler's theory of inferiority and transcending, this paper conducts a study of Jia Tan--chun's mental struggle which results from her inborn inferiority complex. Jia Tan--chun's behavior betrays her double pressure both in her mother's inferior status and in her own gender as a woman in the feudal ethically -- based social system, and her struggle between ideal and reality. This process demonstrates human endeavors to change one's living conditions and on this basis, effective deposits of human cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the albendazole treatment of rex rabbits infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. It says that samples include 28 recessive infectious rex rabbits that were randomly divided into treating and control group, and treated with three treatment period. It states that the results showed that the D value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was lower than the standard value after treating rabbits for three periods.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of orthodontic fixed device in restoring teeth space in children. METHODS: Brackets with archwire and open coil spring were used to restore teeth space loss in 8 cases. RESULTS: In all 8 cases, 6 cases achieved success, 1 case had improvement and I case had failure. Within these cases, the fastest restoring time was 2 months and the slowest restoring time was 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: It is an ideal method to restore teeth space with orthodontic fixed device. It is a simple, fast and economic for early orthodontic treatment. Due to the fewer cases, further study is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed cellular bat algorithm to solve 0-1 programming problem, which was based on the principles of cellular automata and bat algorithm. It used cellular and its neighbor to enhance the diversity of the searching process to improve the ability of global optimization, and transformed the constrained problem into the unconstrained problem using penalty function and then described the detailed procedures of the algorithm and programmed with MATLAB software. By some 0-1 programming problem test and comparisons with other algorithms, the results show that cellular bat algorithm has fast convergence speed and better global optimization ability. It can be used as a practical approach to solve 0-1 programming problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study related to the nucleotide sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS) obtained from the strains of rabbit dermatophytes from Hebei province in China. Topics discussed include cloning of the genes from the rabbit strains, identification of isolated dermatophyte strains such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Beauveria bassiana, and use of ITS as taxonomic evidence for rabbit dermatophytes.

PURPOSE :To investigate the treatment of impacted maxillary teeth with localization via cone-beam comp tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Eleven cases with impacted maxillary teeth on X-ray examination were selected 2009 to 2010. The impacted maxillary teeth were scanned by CBCT.The three-dimensional images of impacted maxilla teeth were obtained by muhiplanar reconstructions (MPR) to determine the location of impacted teeth. RESULTS: C and MPR can demonstrate the morphology and location and growing state of the impacted maxillary teeth. CONCLUS CBCT and MPR are the most accurate and effective methods to localize the impacted maxillary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many foreign homecare workers in Taiwan assigned to care for patients in home settings lack preemployment training. Proper supports related to their care needs will facilitate their adaptation to perform care tasks effectively. Purpose: Aims of this study were to survey the care-support needs of Indonesian homecare workers and identify factors related to these needs. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, correlational design with a quantitative approach. Study subjects were 120 Indonesian care workers hired to care for home-based care recipients. These care recipients were identified from two medical centers and one regional hospital. The care-support questionnaire Indonesian version, including 11 items with adequate validity and reliability, was employed for data collection. The questionnaire included the four care-support subscales of instrumental need, emotional need, information need, and evaluation need. Data were collected via the self-administered survey during home visits. Multiplehierarchical regression was used to analyze data. Results: Findings indicated instrumental need as the priority need of participants, followed by emotional need, information need, and evaluation need. Among the 11 items, a practical care reference manual for taking care of patients was identified as the most urgent need. Multiple-hierarchical regression analysis showed that, in the final model, care worker education level, responsibilities shared by the family, linguistic ability, and use of prescription medicine all significantly contributed to care-support needs, accounting for a combined 20% of total variance. Conclusions/Implications for practice: Study results demonstrated that Indonesian homecare workers require a variety of supports in order to provide care for home-based patients in Taiwan. Information obtained in this study may serve as a reference to both labor and community healthcare planners to improve their design of pre-employment training programs for Indonesian homecare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, a field experiment with potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar 'Xindaping' was conducted at the Dingxi Extension Center of Gansu Province, Northwest China, aimed to understand the accumulation and distribution patterns of dry matter (DM) and potassium (K) in the organs of potato plant in semi-arid rainfed areas. During the whole growth period of the cultivar, the DM accumulation in root, stem, and leaf all showed a unimodal curve, with the DM accumulation rate being leaf > stem > root, whereas the DM accumulation in whole plant and tuber was an S-curve. The maximum DM accumulation rate of the whole plant was higher than that of the tuber, and appeared 17 days earlier. The distribution of DM in different organs showed two turning points, i. e., during the tuber formation (TF) period and the tuber growth (TG) period. During TF period, the DM accumulation was the greatest in leaf, followed by in tuber. The TF period was also the DM balance period, which occurred 90 days after emergence. Before the DM balance period, the DM accumulation in tuber was lesser than that in root, stem, and leaf, and there was a positive correlation between the DM accumulation in tuber and in root, stem, and leaf. However, after the DM balance period, the DM accumulation in tuber was greater than that in root, stem, and leaf, and the correlation was negative. At seedling stage and in TF period, TG period, starch accumulation period, and maturity period, the DM accumulation in whole plant was 5%, 30%, 60%, 4%, and 1%, while that in tuber was 0, 18%, 62%, 18%, and 2%, respectively. In the whole growth period, more than 50% of the DM was formed in TG period. The K concentration was the highest in stem and the lowest in tuber, though the K was mostly concentrated in root before the DM balance period . The K accumulation before the DM balance period was mostly in root, stem, and leaf, with the sequence of stem > leaf > root, but after the DM balance period, the K was mainly allocated in tuber, with >60% of the K accumulated in tuber in maturity period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous cropping obstacle is one of the main restriction factors in potato industry. In order to explore the mechanisms of potato's continuous cropping obstacle and to reduce the impact on potato's tuber yield, a field experiment combined with PCR-DGGE molecular fingerprinting was conducted to investigate the fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato. With the increasing year of potato's continuous cropping, the numbers of visible bands in rhizosphere fungal DGGE profiles increased obviously. As compared with that of CK (rotation cropping), the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in treatments of one to five years continuous cropping was increased by 38.5%, 38.5%, 30.8%, 46.2%, and 76.9% respectively, indicating that potato's continuous cropping caused an obvious increase in the individual numbers of dominant fungal populations in rhizosphere soil. Also with the increasing year of potato's continuous cropping, the similarity of the fungal population structure among the treatments had a gradual decrease. The sequencing of the fungal DGGE bands showed that with the increasing year of continuous cropping, the numbers of the potato's rhizosphere soilborne pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani increased obviously, while the number of Chaetomium globosum, as a biocontrol species, had a marked decrease in the fifth year of continuous cropping. It was suggested that potato's continuous cropping caused the pathogen fungal populations become the dominant microbial populations in rhizosphere soil, and the rhizosphere microecological environment deteriorated, which in turn affected the root system, making the root vigor and its absorption area reduced, and ultimately, the tuber yield decreased markedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture conditions affecting regeneration of hypocotyls from Perilla frutescens were investigated. The results showed that seedling age, preculture time in darkness and hormone concentrations had important influences on regeneration ratio of shoots. The highest ratio of regeneration was realized when the hypocotyls of 13 - days seedling were precultured for 8 days in darkness and then cultured under the condition of 14h/d light in the medium of MS + 3.0mg/L BA + 0.3mg/L NAA. The optimal medium for inducing root from regeneration shoot was 1/2MS + 1.0mg/L BA +0. 3mg/L IAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the soil heavy metals characteristics in different type plantations in Harbin City, 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, and Quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (P. sylvestris var. mongolica + F. mandshurica + Pinus koraiensis + P. amurense + B. platyphylla) established in the Urban Forestry Demonstration Research Base of Northeast Forestry University in the 1950s to analyze the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, and As, and the comprehensive pollution index was used to assess the soil heavy metals pollution in the plantations, based on the background values of black soil in the City. There existed significant differences in the heavy metals concentration in the same soil layers among different type plantations. In the test plantations, the concentrations of soil heavy metals except As and Ni tended to decrease with soil depth. In the same soil layers, Zn had the highest concentration (62.29-126.35 mg·kg-1), while Cd had the lowest one (0.06-0.47 mg·kg-1). The abundance and accumulation tendency of test heavy metals in the plantations was in the order of Zn>Pb>Cu(Ni)>Ni(Cu)>As>Cd, and Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>As, respectively. There existed positive correlations among soil Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the plantations except F. mandshurica, and the concentrations of these four heavy metals in the plantations except F. mandshurica and Q. mongolica were positively correlated with soil organic matter, N, P, and K. The concentrations of soil Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu were higher than the background values, suggesting the anthropogenic inputs; while those of Ni and As were similar to or lower than the background values, suggesting the origin from soil materials. The soil comprehensive pollution index of the plantations was decreased in the order of F. mandshurica >P. amurense >mixed plantation >J. mandshurica >P. sylvestris var. mongolica >P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis >L. gmelinii >B. platyphylla > Q. mongolica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed to study the effects of different urban forest plantations on soil fertility, soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, and Quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (P. sylvestris var. mongolica + F. mandshurica + Picea koraiensis + P. amurense + B. platyphylla) established in Northeast Forestry University's Urban Forestry Demonstration Research Base in the 1950s, with two sites of neighboring farmland and abandoned farmland as the control. The soils in broadleaved forest plantations except Q. mongolica were near neutral, those in mixed plantation, L. gmelinii, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, and P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis were slightly acidic, and that in Q. mongolica was acidic. The contents of soil organic matter, total N and P, available P and K, and hydrolysable N tended to decrease with soil depth. There existed significant differences in the chemical indices of the same soil layers among different plantations. The soil fertility was decreased in the order of F. mandshurica > P. amurense > mixed plantation > J. mandshurica > B. platyphylla > abandoned farmland > farmland > P. sylvestris var. mongolica > L. gmelinii > Q. mongolica > P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, suggesting that the soil fertility in broadleaved forest plantations except Q. mongolica and in mixed plantation increased, while that in needle-leaved forest plantations tended to decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the source of life. The water purifies came into being, because of the environmental pollution, destruction of water ecological balance, and so on. Harmonious design began as the guiding ideology for product design, and the water purification device serves as a substitute for bottled drinking water. The critical role to determine the success of the product is the harmony among the elements of design, the technology and the healthy life, man and machine, the product and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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