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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease caused by abnormal expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) on the cell membrane due to mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A(PIGA) gene. It is commonly characterized by intravascular hemolysis, repeated thrombosis, and bone marrow failure, as well as multiple systemic involvement symptoms such as renal dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, swallowing difficulties, chest pain, abdominal pain, and erectile dysfunction. Due to the rarity of PNH and its strong heterogeneity in clinical manifestations, multidisciplinary collaboration is often required for diagnosis and treatment. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, relying on the rare disease diagnosis and treatment platform, has invited multidisciplinary clinical experts to form a unified opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of PNH, and formulated the Expert Consensus of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (2024), with the hope of promoting the standardization of PNH diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical application of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in predicting the early prognosis of acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. Methods A total of 71 patients who underwent acute ischemic stroke mechanical thrombectomy from April 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled in He'nan Provincial People's Hospital, all of them performed qEEG after surgery. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis on the 90 d after the surgery. Univariate and multivariate backward Logistic regression analyses were used to screen risk factors for prognosis in acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict the value of qEEG for the prognosis of neural function. Results Patients in dismal prognosis group (mRS score 3-5, n = 28) had higher NIHSS score at admission (t = 2.686, P = 0.009), higher proportion of thrombectomy performed more than 3 times (χ2 = 4.201, P = 0.040), higher values of DTABR on the affected side (t = 2.183, P = 0.032), higher ratio of DTABR on affected side/ unaffected side (t = 6.230, P = 0.000), and higher proportion of immediately Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) < 2b after surgery (χ2 = 5.420, P = 0.020) compared to favorable prognosis group (mRS score 0-2, n = 43). Logistic regression analysis showed higher NIHSS score at admission (OR = 1.542, 95%CI: 1.368-1.725；P = 0.012), DTABR on affected side/unaffected side (OR = 3.428, 95%CI: 2.673-7.314; P = 0.008), percent alpha variability (PAV) grade Ⅱ (OR = 2.983, 95%CI: 2.625-4.682; P = 0.003) and grade Ⅲ (OR = 4.088, 95%CI: 3.825-5.349; P = 0.002), amplitude electroencephalography (aEEG) grade Ⅱ (OR = 2.536, 95%CI: 1.942-5.287; P = 0.005) and grade Ⅲ (OR = 3.924, 95%CI: 2.012-6.378; P = 0.003) were risk factors of dismal prognosis in acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. ROC curve showed the area under the curve (AUC) of NIHSS score was 0.676 (95%CI: 0.554-0.782, P = 0.000), DTABR on affected side/unaffected side was 0.887 (95%CI: 0.789-0.950, P = 0.000), the PAV was 0.760 (95%CI: 0.643-0.853, P = 0.000), aEEG was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.664-0.868, P = 0.000), and the combined indicators classification was 0.943 (95%CI: 0.861-0.984, P = 0.000). Among them, the predictive power of the combined indicators is higher than that of the NIHSS score at admission (Z = 4.150, P = 0.000), PAV (Z = 4.006, P = 0.000) and aEEG (Z = 3.462, P = 0.001). Conclusions qEEG is an effective method to predict the early prognosis of acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy.

Egg white protein has gelatinous, foaming, and emulsifying properties. In production and processing, the gelatinous properties and gelatinous stability of egg white protein are usually improved by modifying treatment. This paper reviewed the modification methods of egg white protein and the research status of the application of modified egg white protein in meat processing and prospected the innovation and application of modified egg white protein.

With the acceleration of the aging society, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) tends to be younger, which brings great trouble to the society and patients. In order to effectively inhibit KOA lesions and assist KOA rehabilitation after joint replacement, all kinds of sports braces and rehabilitation training devices are used. Among them, rehabilitation aids play an important role in the rehabilitation training of KOA people. In order to study the application of rehabilitation robots in the rehabilitation training of KOA people more comprehensively, this research systematically reviews the research status of robot structure control in rehabilitation training for people with lower limb movement disorders based on the analysis of the rehabilitation needs of KOA population at different stages of disease. The key technologies of rehabilitation robots for KOA people are analyzed as well, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of rehabilitation robots for KOA people in the future.

The classification of the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) refers to the classification of the degree of lesions according to the image signs of lesions, which is usually subjective. Moreover, the benign and malignant lesions of BI-RADS 3-5 are overlapping, which is prone to unnecessary invasive treatment due to high diagnostic categories in clinical diagnosis. To address these problems, this research applied radiomics for feature extraction and fusion of T1-weighted (T1W) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DEC) MRI. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to screen out the optimal feature collection of each type of MR image. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were applied for BI-RADS 3-5 classification, based on which the benign and malignant lesions were further classified. The results showed that the classification accuracy of breast BI-RADS 3-5 by four radiomics models based on feature fusion was 81.25%, 87.50%, 78.38%, and 81.25%, respectively. Their accuracy in distinguishing the benign and malignant breast lesions was 90.91%, 93.55%, 92.73%, and 94.55%, respectively. This indicates that the combination of radiomics and machine learning correlation algorithm has a good effect on breast MRI BI-RADS classification and benign and malignant differentiation, and feature fusion can further improve the accuracy of classification prediction.

The complement system is a self-protection mechanism of the human body. The abnormal activation of the complement system is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. The application of complement inhibitors in many rare diseases was a milestone in leading to the progress of such disease as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and others. Recently, the application of complement inhibitors has gradually expanded to other complement-related diseases. This review summarizes the literature on the current application of complement inhibitors in rare diseases and looks into the prospects of the application in the rare diseases.

Cyclic thrombocytopenia (CTP) is a rare hemorrhagic disorder characterized by cutaneous and mucosal bleeding and periodic fluctuations platelet count. The clinical characteristics and treatment response of a patient with CTP were analyzed. The patient is a 30-year-old male with recurrent cutaneous and mucosal bleeding for 5 years. Skin petechiae, oral blood blister, conjunctival hemorrhage, by tracing the history, monitoring changes in blood routine diagnosis of CTP, further testing of reticulocyte platelets and platelet hormone, and periodically promoting bone marrow megakaryocyte with changes of platelet, confirmed that the patient's periodic reduction in bone marrow hematopoiesis, was causing more damage. Periodic changes of reticulocyte, erythropoietin and erythroid hematopoiesis in bone marrow were also observed. The patient had normal Treg levels, no significant telomere length shortening in peripheral blood nucleated cells, and no clear pathogenic gene mutation was found by whole exon gene sequencing. Recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO) treatment shortened the time of thrombocytopenia and increased the minimum platelet value. The average age of onset of CTP was 35 years old, some patients had severe bleeding, and more than half of the patients were misdiagnosed as primary immune thrombocytopenia. At present, the pathogenesis of CTP has not been clarified and there is no effective treatment. The experience of this patient suggests that rhTPO may be effective. This case of CTP complicated with periodic anemia is the first report. The exploration of its pathogenesis provides important information for understanding CTP.

Objective To explore the application value of six prediction models reported at home and abroad for adverse outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP) in eastern and western China. Methods For all patients who delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2019 and were diagnosed with HDP, their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Six models, fullPIERS, miniPIERS, Zwertbroek, PREP, Ngwenya, and Ma Guojun, were used to predict the risk of adverse outcomes for the patients. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration. Results A total of 2978 patients were eligible. Combined adverse outcomes occurred in 13.6% (405/2978) of women within 48 h of admission, and 22.0% (655/2978) at any time during admission. The delivery < 34 weeks (49.4%, 200/405), need for blood product transfusion (43.5%, 176/405), and placental abruption (23.5%, 95/405) were the most common adverse outcomes within 48 hours of admission. The area under of the curve of the six models for predicting adverse outcomes in the patients with HDP within 48 hours of admission/during hospitalization ranged from 0.600 to 0.897, the sensitivity ranged from 57.1% to 69.5%, and the specificity ranged from 60.1% to 76.6%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that except for the PREP model (which had a small validation population and was not evaluated for calibration), the P-values of all the other 5 models were less than 0.05. Conclusions The six prediction models have certain application value in the prediction of adverse outcomes of HDP patients in the eastern and western regions of China, but the fitting is poor. The predictors involved in some models are not routine inspection indicators, and the feasibility of large-scale model application is still open to question. It is still necessary to establish a better prognostic model suitable for local areas based on Chinese characteristics.

With the aging of the population, the decline of human body function leads to the decline of limb flexibility, and the severe cases lose the ability to walk. Research shows that the lower limb exoskeleton can assist human walking. In this paper, a lower limb exoskeleton is designed, which can collect the energy of the healthy side of the lower limb and release it when the affected side of the lower limb walks. The unilateral lower limb is used to compensate the movement of the affected limb, assist walking, and realize the collection, management and migration of human motion energy. The results showed that the root mean square value of rectus femoris decreased by 10%, and the EMG integral value of lateral gastrocnemius muscle decreased by 12%. The effect of exoskeleton on lower limb muscles is obvious. The walking assisted exoskeleton can provide auxiliary tension for lower limb movement and reduce muscle activity.

A young female patient presented with fever, arthralgia, and rash was diagnosed with adults still's disease. When treated with glucocorticoid steroid, the above patient progressed to anuria, sudden, and confusion. After a teamwork involving different departments, the patient was finally diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and treated with good outcome. aHUS is a rare disease, while Eculizumab is an orphan drug. The diagnosis and treatment of the patient reveals the importance of multidisciplinary team on the diagnosis and treatment of rare and difficult diseases.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.12.014

This paper mainly reviews the concept and characteristics of odour fingerprinting technology, the main steps of constructing fingerprint profiles, and the application of odour fingerprinting technology in the fields of meat product traceability and variety identification, process control, storage period and quality control, and provides an outlook on the research directions and development prospects of odour fingerprinting technology in the application of meat products.

BackgroundPlastic scintillators have potential for application in neutron detection. Two sizes (ø2.54 cm×2.54 cm, ø5.08 cm×5.08 cm) of plastic scintillators are self-developed by scientific research team in the school of physics, Sichuan University.PurposeThis study aims to experimental test the neutron/gamma (n-) discrimination performance for two self-developed plastic scintillators.MethodsA photomultiplier tube (PMT) was used to build detection systems, and high speed oscilloscope (LECROY HDO6104A) was employed to sample signal of detector for the energy calibration of the self-developed plastic scintillator. The pulse amplitude spectrum of 137Cs γ radiation source was measured and compared with the MCNP5 simulation spectrum to obtain the position information of the Compton edge and accurately calibrate the energies of γ rays. The data obtained from a 241Am-Be neutron source were analyzed using the charge integration method, and parameters such as the figure of merit (FOM), peak-to-valley ratio for neutrons, and the proportion of leaked neutrons over all neutron events were used to quantify the n-γ discrimination in different energy zones. The detection efficiencies of two self-developed plastic scintillators relative to the Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) EJ-299-33A were determined.ResultsThe results show that the FOM of ø2.54 cm×2.54 cm self-developed plastic scintillator is higher that of ø5.08 cm×5.08 cm self-developed plastic scintillator, and the detection efficiency of two self developed plastic scintillators relative to EJ-299-33A is about 0.49 and 1.0, respectively.ConclusionsThe performance of the ø5.08 cm×5.08 cm self-developed plastic scintillator is comparable to that of the COTS plastic scintillator EJ-299-33A with near the same discrimination ability.

Ubiquitin specific proteases 22 (USP22) is a highly conserved ubiquitin hydrolase in mammals. It mainly prevents proteins degradation by deubiquitinating substrate proteins and regulates life processes such as genetic transcription, DNA damage repair and embryonic development. USP22 has been proved to promote cancer development by regulating multiple signal pathways. This article focuses on the relevant mechanisms of USP22 regulating tumorigenesis and development through deubiquitinating modification.

High chemical activity and unique electrochemical behaviour are responsible for the complicated corrosion mechanism of magnesium. Importantly, the anodic hydrogen evolution on Mg electrodes when applied anodic polarization is one of the greatest important characteristics for Mg corrosion. The phenomenon, referred to as negative difference effect (NDE), has always been of an interest in terms of Mg electrochemistry corrosion. In this article, the research progress of hypotheses and theories proposed to interpret this phenomenon was reviewed: assuming that univalent Mg+ existed during anodic polarization of Mg. According to this, increasing oxidation rate of magnesium by applying an anodic polarization increased the rate of hydrogen evolution since the rate of Mg+ entering into electrolyte increased at the same time. However, this theory has raised criticism since Mg+ has never been experimentally detected, despite the requirement of its finite lifetime. Film theory declared that the dark corrosion products containing bilayer of MgO and Mg(OH)2 films form on the corroded surface of magnesium were believed to exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution as well. In addition, this declaration has been proved experimentally: hydrogen evolution rate on the dark corroded regions was faster than that on the uncorroded regions at free corrosion, especially at the boundaries of the corroded/uncorroded regions. However, the latest experiments demonstrated that the increase in cathodic activity of the corroded regions during anodic polarization provided a minor contribution to the increase in hydrogen evolution rate during anodic polarization, and rather the enhanced hydrogen evolution at anodic potentials (NDE) was dominated by the regions where the net anodic reaction occurred. Assuming that enrichment of impurities such as Fe and Mg atoms took place in corrosion products of Mg. It is believed that Fe enrichment was capable of enhancing catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution. There were indeed evidences (microscope images) showing the enrichment of Fe atoms around the interface of metal/solution. Unfortunately, the accumulation of these atoms on the electrode only contributed to a very small part to hydrogen evolution in NDE in further studies. Further, some researchers asserted the great possibility of the existence of MgH2 which had a similar mechanism of NDE to univalent Mg+. Still, the experimental existence and stability of such intermediate agents were of great concern. Another study proposed a theory that H2O molecules were always of absorption and desorption on Mg electrode, which provided sufficient H atoms for NDE to take place. Though all these assumptions contributed to explaining the NDE phenomenon to some extent, they were still not so reasonable to be generally accepted. At last, it was pointed that the future development direction of the NDE phenomenon by using advanced in-situ electrochemistry techniques and adjusting the electrochemical parameters, to expect a reasonable NDE mechanism, further to develop the corrosion theory of metals.

Bone tissue engineering, as an emerging method for the treatment of jaw defects caused by oral and maxillofacial trauma, inflammation, tumors and other diseases, has been a research hotspot due to its advantages of wide sources of materials, low risk of immune rejection and personalized treatment. However, due to functional activities such as chewing and expression in the oral and maxillofacial regions, the mechanical strength of scaffolds is highly required. A single component of scaffolds can not fully meet the requirements of oral and maxillofacial bone defect repair. In this paper, the methods of strengthening the mechanical strength of jaw bone tissue engineering scaffolds are summarized by summarizing the research on strengthening the mechanical strength of scaffolds in recent years. A review of the literature showed that, composite modification, crosslinking, coating, bionic scaffolding and other new processing methods have been used to enhance the mechanical strength of scaffolds. Among these studies, research on compound modification occurred the earliest. Although this process is simple, other substances have been introduced to increase the number of degradation products, and the compounding ratio needs to be adjusted. The crosslinking method has the risk of cytotoxicity due to the use of crosslinking agents; the coating method does not change the original structure and only changes the surface modification; however, it can be better utilized if the problem of stress concentration between interfaces is solved. Biomimetic scaffolds and microregulatory scaffolds are emerging technologies in recent years that can improve the internal molecular arrangement of materials, thus enhancing mechanical strength. Therefore, on the basis of perfecting the traditional method, future research will focus on new nanoscale materials, bionic scaffolds and new methods for the precise control of scaffold microstructure.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of bedside ultrasound measurement of optic nervesheath diameter (ONSD) in the prognosis of severe traumatic brainin jury (sTBI). Methods Atotal of 78 sTBI patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery ICU of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring probe was placed when the patient was admitted, and bedside ultrasound was used to detect the ONSD. The values of ONSD in supine position and 30° head⁃up position, 30min before and after ventilation, and 30min before and after mannitol treatment were observed and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of ONSD for unfavourable prognosis of sTBI patients. Results The mean ICP in unfavourable prognosis group [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score 1-3] was higher than that in favourable prognosis group (GOS score 4-5; t=2.111, P=0.038). After 30° head⁃up position, 30 min after ventilation and mannitol treatment, the values of ONSD were lower than supine position (F=6.644, P= 0.012),and30 min befor eventilation (F=4.492, P=0.037) and mannitol treatment (F=5.552, P=0.021), and ONSD in unfavourable prognosis group were higher than those in favourable prognosis group (posture change: F=16.751, P=0.000; ventilation treatment: F=29.776, P=0.000; application of mannitol: F= 12.465, P=0.002). There was a positive correlation between ONSD and ICP (r=0.691, P=0.000). ONSD at 5.53 mm was the optimal threshold for unfavourable prognosis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.776 (95%CI: 0.826-0.978, P =0.000). The sensitivity was 91.52% and the specificity was 87.14%. Conclusions Dynamic detection of ONSD by bedside ultrasound is helpful to evaluate the prognosis of sTBI, and guide the precise treatment of severe ICP. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.08.006

Multi-aspect SAR is a new SAR mode that has two advantages, i.e., long-term observations and a large synthetic-aperture azimuth angle. Previous studies have reported that these unique advantages enable even single-channel systems to have a relatively strong capability for detecting moving targets, i.e., multi-aspect SAR expands and improves the moving-target-related capabilities of the earlier SAR satellite system without increasing its complexity. As such, multi-aspect SAR-GMTI has become a trending topic for research. After reviewing the recent progress and research basis of multi-aspect SAR-GMTI, in this paper, we present our research on the Gaofen-3 SAR, which includes: moving-target detection methods that use the staring spotlight mode, dual-channels GMTI mode, and the dual-channel spotlight GMTI mode. With the results obtained by this research, we hope to establish a basis for the engineering implementation of current and future spaceborne single-channel SAR-GMTI modes and the design of a future spaceborne multi-aspect SAR mode capable of retrieving time-series and dynamic scene information.

In image processing of high-resolution sliding spotlight SAR, it is important to know the Doppler rate with accuracy; however, traditional Doppler rate estimation algorithms are not very helpful because of the azimuth spectrum folding phenomenon. In this study, an algorithm that works on the transposition domain is proposed to solve this problem. Furthermore, the algorithm is also helpful in obtaining excellent focused images by embedding it in the two-step technique. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified using computer simulations.

In view of problem of detection blind area caused by overshoot of transmitting current of transient electromagnetic transmitter, the paper proposed a design scheme of a new type of overshoot elimination system of transient electromagnetic transmitter. An optimal RLC second-order circuit is paralleled at two ends of transmitting coil, the circuit is connected when the transmitting current decreases close to zero, which makes the transmitting current accord to exponential decay, so as to eliminate current overshoot effectively. The simulation and experiment results show that the scheme can eliminate overshoot oscillation of the transmitting current and reduce detection blind area.

To shield lactic acid bacteria from adverse environmental influences and ensure their successful colonization and adhesion in the intestine, lactic acid bacteria used in feed are often microencapsulated. Microencapsulation technology can enhance the activity of lactic acid bacteria, promote their colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, and thus better exert their probiotic effects. Lactic acid bacteria microcapsules can better improve animal stress resistance, enhance immune system function, and improve intestinal health. The article discusses the classification of microencapsulation technologies and commonly used wall materials, and summarizes the application of lactic acid bacteria microcapsules in pig and cattle production, providing a reference for the application and promotion of lactic acid bacteria microencapsulation technology in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) has been widely used in complex system design. A multi-level progressive architecture design process based on MBSE is proposed by constructing the relationship between function, behavior and structure. Subsequently, guided by the demand for altitude control, an example modeling of the civil aircraft flight control system is conducted. The results indicate the multi-level progressive architecture design of civil aircraft flight control system architecture based on MBSE leverages the advantages of reusable digital models, ensuring a close integration of requirements with functional, logical, and physical architecture. Meanwhile, the method improves the traceability of system design and provides an architectural reference for subsequent domain level model design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the overall and subgroup efficacy, subgroup differences, predictors of efficacy and safety of roxadustat in the treatment of refractory non-severe aplastic anemia (NSAA) and low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-MDS). Methods Patients with refractory NSAA and LR-MDS who were admitted to the Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled. All patients received first-line standard treatment, including recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) for at least 3 months before roxadustat treatment. All patients received roxadustat 2.5 mg/kg every other day for at least 3 months, and were followed up for at least 8 months. The clinical characteristics of patients, roxadustat efficacy, predictors of efficacy, adverse effects,relapse and disease clonal evolution were analyzed. Results A total of 40 patients including 24 refractory NSAA and 16 LR-MDS were included. median age was 56 (18 - 81) years and 40% were males. 65% of the patients were transfusion dependent. Median follow-up was 21 (9 -34) months. 22.5%, 25.0%, 47.5%, 55.0%, 57.5%, 60.0% and 50.0% of the patients achieved haematological improvement-erythroid (HI-E) at months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and end of the follow-up period, respectively, and no factors affecting HI-E were identified.The hemoglobin change from baseline was statistically different between the two groups at the end of the follow-up period. 50% of patients were relieved from transfusion dependence. Adverse reactions were reported in 22.5% of patients. 28.5% of patients relapsed after achieving HI-E, with a median time to relapse of 7 (4 - 12) months. No clonal evolution was observed at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggested that Roxadustat may be effective for patients with NSAA or LR-MDS refractory to conventional therapies and rhEPO, with mild adverse effects and low relapse rate.The degree of hemoglobin improvement may be better in the refractory NSAA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypercoagulable state, which is common in lung cancer patients, especially in patients with middle and advanced stage, not only triggers thromboembolic events, but also promotes the growth and spread of tumor cells. Thus, it is of great significance to improve the hypercoagulable state. Based on the theory of "deficient qi leading to stasis", we discuss the basic pathogenesis of the hypercoagulable state of lung cancer and its treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine. It is believed that "deficient qi" (deficiency of lung qi) is the internal pathological basis for the formation of the hypercoagulable state of lung cancer, and "stasis" (blood stasis) is an important pathogenic link. "Deficient qi" is the basis of pathogenesis and runs through the whole process. "Stasis" is the standard of pathogenesis and worsens the disease. Deficiency and stasis are the cause and effect of each other, and the evil flourishes and the vital qi declines, which constitutes a vicious circle. Treatment should follow the principle of replenishing the deficiency and promoting stasis, replenishing lung qi, harmonizing yin and yang to replenish the deficiency, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm to promote stagnation. Treating the hypercoagulable state of lung cancer from the theory of "deficient qi leading to stasis" can support vital qi, regulate yin and yang, dissolve phlegm, and remove stasis, thus slowing down disease progression and lowering the risk of coagulation complications, which can provide certain ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the hypercoagulable state and tumor-associated thromboembolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to explore the effect of Yucca schidigera extract on growth, odorous substances, microorganism and the gas produced in cat feces. Twenty-four healthy cats of similar weight and age were firstly selected, and these cats were pre-fed with the basic cat food without Yucca schidigera extract for 9 d, and then seven cats were selected for cat food containing Yucca schidigera extract experiment according to the results of fecal related tests, food was supplemented with 500 g/t Yucca schidigera extract and fed 100 g daily for 21 d. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the body weight of cats on the 1st and 21st day of the experiment (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the content of indole in cat feces on the 1st, 14th and 21st day of the experiment (P>0.05). On the 14th and 21th day of the experiment, the content of skatole in cats was significantly lower than that on the 1st d of the experiment (P<0.05). Compared with the first day, the proportions of carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide production in cat feces after 48 h fermentation on the 21st day of the experiment were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total number of colonies, E. coli and lactic acid bacteria in cat feces between 1 d and 21 d (P>0.05). The study indicates that Yucca schidigera extract in cat food has no significant effect on the growth indicators of cats, but can significantly decrease the skatole, arbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide in cat feces, which is helpful to improve the odor of cat feces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of silica sand particle size and epoxy resin content on the performance of silica sand permeable brick based on hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin. The content of epoxy resin was controlled to be 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of the mass of silica sand, and the mesh size of silica sand was 35, 50 and 70 mesh, respectively. The strength, water permeability, water retention, water filtration and anti-slip properties of the prepared silica sand permeable tiles were tested. The test results showed that when the particle size of silica sand was 50 mesh and the content of epoxy resin was 4% of the mass of silica sand, the silica sand permeable brick had the best compressive, flexural and anti-slip properties, and the water permeability rate could reach 1.5mL/(min⋅cm²), water retention rate 0.068g/cm³ and water filtration rate 90.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide scientific basis for reducing potential safety hazards, the impact of chronic exposure to lead on the immune system of employees were evaluated. The experimental mice were used as models in the study. After 8 weeks of chronic exposure to lead in mice, the body weight, the number of offspring born were observed. MDA and GSH in liver, kidney and intestine, the natural immune system, oxidative stress and apoptosis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qRT-PCR. After 4 weeks of chronic exposure to lead in mice, the experimental animals were injected with FMDV, and the specific antibody and cellular immunity level were examined. Compared with the negative control group, the body weight of mice showed a decline, and the weight of heart, liver, kidney, brain, and spleen also decreased, and the corresponding organ coefficient became larger. The body weight was (31.4±1.3) g, (29.4±1.1) g after chronic exposure. GSH and MDA in kidney, liver, small intestine, and colon in the control group and lead exposure group were (5.05±0.28), (2.65± 0.23) and (39.5±9.6), (123.2±14.2); (4.35±0.26), (1.48±0.12) and (43.5±10.6), (135.2±21.3); (5.26±0.27), (1.98±0.17) and (0.32±0.07), (0.67±0.09), respectively. SOD and ROS in the cerebral cortex were (364.35±13.26); (307.47±6.43), (47.56± 9.96) and (88.62±7.93), respectively. The activity of natural killer cells (NKC) decreased, and the lymphocyte stimulation index increased significantly. Chronic exposure of lead caused a significant decrease in NKC killing of target cells and a significant increase in lymphocyte stimulation index. Chronic exposure of lead has a certain inhibitory effect on the specific anti-body levels of the body. The levels of interleukin 2 (interleukin-2, IL-2) and interferon-γ (interferon, IFN-γ) were lower than those of the control group, and the level of IL-4 increased significantly. Chronic exposure of lead can damage multiple organs, cause a decline in immune function, and produce comprehensive immunotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence process, effects, and models of the auroral substorm phenomenon has been one of the most important frontier topics in solar- terrestrial physics in past 30 years. The ultraviolet imager (UVI) carried by the polar satellite collects a very large number of ultraviolet auroral images every year. Automatically and accurately identifying substorm events from massive UVI images is an urgent problem in this field. At present, there are some studies on the detection and recognition of auroral substorm events. These methods effectively use the physical characteristics of substorm events, but none of them use expert visual cognition information as a priori for substorm events recognition task. Therefore, in this paper, eye movement information is used as a visual and intuitive representation of expert knowledge, and combined with the physical characteristics of the auroral substorm sequences, an auroral substorm event recognition method combining eye movement information and sequence fingerprint is proposed. Firstly, this paper uses the eye tracker to obtain the eye movement information of space physics experts on the auroral substorm sequence. Secondly, substorm events are marked according to their physical characteristics to obtain the sequence fingerprint of each auroral substorm event. Finally, the recognition of substorm events is identified based on expert eye movement information and sequence fingerprint identification strategy. At the same time, experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influences of heated tobacco products on environmental air quality and the human health risk, the exhaled aerosol after smoking heated tobacco products was collected with a vacuum assisted capture device. Five major chemical components (i.e. propylene glycol, glycerol, menthol, nicotine and glycerol triacetate) in the exhaled aerosol were quantitatively analyzed with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Meantime, the heated tobacco product was also smoked by a smoking machine at the puffing parameters simulated volunteer smokers. The releases of the five chemical components in inhaled aerosol were determined and compared with those in the exhaled aerosol. The results showed that: 1 ) The developed method for exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product presented a linear calibration curve with correlation coefficient (R²) ≥ 0.999 9, and the limits of detection (LODs) between 0.10 and 0.41 µg/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 77.70%-120.00% with good intra-day (RSD≤6.93%) and inter-day precision (RSD≤10.70%). 2) The exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product contained higher releases of propylene glycol and glycerin, and the release of glycerin was higher than that of propylene glycol. There was menthol in the exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product with mint flavored tobacco rods. 3) The releases of the five chemical components in exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product were significantly lower than those in inhaled aerosol. The average retention efficiencies by the volunteers for propylene glycol, glycerin, menthol, nicotine and glycerol triacetate were 96.80%, 96.20%, 96.00%, 99.60% and 99.60% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific irrigation is of great significance to plant seed production. With two excellent native plant species in desert steppe, Agropyron mongolicum and Lespedeza potaninii, as the objects, and full irrigation as the control, we explored the effects of deficit irrigation in different growth stages on the seed production and water use efficiency (WUE) of those two species. The results showed that, compared with the control, soil water content of both species decreased under deficit irrigation. The decrease of soil water content of A. mongolicum mainly occurred in the 0-60 cm soil layer, while there was no obvious stratification for the reduction of soil water content of L. potaninii. There were significant differences in the yield components of A. mongolica under deficit irrigation. The seed yield of deficit irrigation at the flowering stage was the highest. There were significant differences in the numbers of fertile tillers, florets and pods of L. potaninii among treatments, but no significant difference in seed yield. There were positive correlations between seed yield of A. mongolicum and the numbers of fertile tillers (r = 0.776) and spikelets (r = 0.717). The racemes of L. potaninii was significantly negatively correlated with the number of fertile tillers (r = -0.685), and positively correlated with the number of florets (r = 0.412). Compared with full irrigation, water consumption of seed production of the two native plant species was reduced under deficit irrigation, but water use efficiency was improved, with the strongest improvement at the flowering stage of A. mongolicum (32.9%) and at the branching stage of L. potaninii (27.4%). Therefore, proper deficit irrigation could improve water use efficiency of both plant species. From the perspective of water use efficiency and seed yield, deficit irrigation could be used for artificial breeding of A. mongolicum and L. potaninii seeds in arid area, with the suitable growth stage for deficit being the flowering and the branching stages, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thromboembolic diseases, which comprise venous thromboembolic diseases and arterial thromboembolic diseases, have become the number one cause of death worldwide. To prevent or treat thrombosis, patients with thromboembolic diseases need to take antithrombotic drugs, which would increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. Tooth extraction is the most common operation in oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics. Although patients given oral an-tithrombotic drugs do not need to undergo drug withdrawal, the perioperative management of such patients remains confusing to most clinicians. Moreover, the potential risk factors for bleeding warrant further study. To improve the clinicians' knowledge of perioperative management for patients subjected to tooth extractions with oral antithrombotic drugs, experts have drafted this consensus focusing on preoperative bleeding risk assessment, intraoperative operating norms, and postoperative care to summarize the points needing attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantify water-soluble sugars in natural tobacco flavors, the analytical method described in YC/T 447-2012 was optimized, and an HPLC-ELSD method with water extraction was developed to determine 10 water-soluble sugars in natural tobacco flavors, namely rhamnose, stevioside, fructose, sorbitol, mannose, galactose, glucose, inositol, sucrose, maltose. The results showed that: 1) The sample solution with water extraction presented better stability compared with the control method with 0.02 mol/L NaOH extraction. 2) The retention time of the analytes was more stable after adding aqueous ammonia into the mobile phase. 3) The stabilities of ELSD peak areas of the ananlytes were improved at a gas flow rate of 2.20 L/min and a drift tube temperature of 80 °C. 4) The LODs of the 10 sugars were in the range of 4.19-12.30 µg/mL and the spiked recoveries ranged from 80.20% to 106.00% with good intra-day (RSD≤4.05%) and inter-day (RSD≤6.25%) precisions. 5) The contents of these sugars in 239 natural tobacco flavors were determined with the developed method, and the top five sugars were glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and sorbitol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the information security issue in the multiple input single output (MISO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system, an artificial noise (AN)-aided beamforming scheme is proposed, and further formulating the problem as a power control problem under user requirement constraint. However, this problem is of huge non-convex complexity and cannot be solved in polynomial time. Therefore, an efficient two-tier algorithm is developed for a sub-optimal solution, which is extended further to the imperfect channel conditions for a robust beamforming scheme. Simulation results show that the two-tier algorithm has better performance and more robustness when compared with the classic zero-forcing (ZF) algorithm, and the advantage of it is more obvious as the channel estimation error increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the characteristics of differential steering problem of wheel drive electric tractor, the three degree of freedom dynamic model was established, and the slip rate-speed solving model and steering trajectory model were derived. By constructing the driver input model, the system simulation model was established. The effects of differential speed on yaw rate, roll angle, slip rate and steering radius was analyzed. The results show that the recommended range of differential speed rate under heavy load and low speed condition is 21% ~ 23%, and the turning radius is 4. 57 ~ 5. 01 m. The range of differential speed rate under light load and high speed condition is 6% ~8%, and the turning radius is 13. 13 ~ 17. 50 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intra-articular irrigation combining with passive mouth-opening training in the treatment of acute temporomandibular anterior disc displacement without reduction concomitant with limited mouth opening in elderly patients. Methods From January 2019 to January 2022, 16 elderly patients diagnosed as acute temporomandibular anterior disc displacement concomitant with limited mouth opening and underwent intra-articular irrigation and passive muscle stretching were retrospectively reviewed. General information, past history, history of present disease, clinical and radiologic examinations were collected. Maximum mouth opening and pain degree (VAS score) were recorded before, immediately after and 1 week after treatment. Results The mean maximum mouth opening of 16 patients was (25. 13±1. 93) mm before treatment, (37. 31±1. 82) mm immediately after treatment and (43. 56±2. 61) mm at 1 week, respectively, with significant difference (P

BACKGROUND: For the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients, if there is no operative contraindication, surgical treatment is recommended. Operative methods include internal fixation and joint replacement. Surgical techniques are mature, but the choice of surgical methods is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of artificial femoral head arthroplasty and proximal femoral nail antirotation in elderly patients with injured lateral wall femoral intertrochanteric fracture so as to provide the basis of clinical method selection and to provide the original data for the systematic analysis of large sample. METHODS: According to the case criterion, 48 cases of AO classification of type A2.2, A2.3 intertrochanteric fractures were selected in Department of Orthopedics, the 71 Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2012 to December 2017. They were divided into femoral head arthroplasty group (n=29) and proximal femoral nail antirotation group (n=19). All patients signed the informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The patients were followed up for 1-3 years. Operation time, bleeding volume, hospitalization expenses, the incidence of complications, and Harris hip score at 1 month and 1 year after the surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After statistical analysis, operation time was significantly shorter in the femoral head arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant in bleeding volume between the two groups (P > 0.05). The cost of hospitalization was significantly more in the femoral head arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (P < 0.05}. (2) Harris hip score was significantly better in the femoral head arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group at 1 month after operation (P < 0.05}. There was no significant difference in Harris hip score between the two groups at 1 year after operation (P > 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05}. (4) For the patients over 70 years old with intertrochanteric fracture of injured lateral wall, artificial femoral head replacement has the advantages of early getting out of bed, high quality of life and quick recovery of joint function. It is suggested to choose artificial femoral head replacement first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional geological modeling is the basis for correctly understanding regional geological features and accurately defining hydrocarbon reservoirs. It is affected by the complex geological features, logging, incompleteness of seismic data and the uncertainty of the geological models understanding for the underground geological body. In this investigation, firstly, the geological characteristics of the study area were analyzed to explain the high-quality seismic data. The actual logging data was used-to establish a conventional high-frequency geological model. Secondly, post-stack impedance inversion was used to obtain high-fidelity and low-frequency models. Finally, the comprehensive high lateral resolution inversion results and high vertical resolution logging data were used to optimize the initial model by using statistical analysis and multiple linear fitting techniques. The 3D geological model was evaluated from multiple perspectives. The results show that the proposed method is highly integrated with logging, seismic, reservoir inversion and other geophysical information, effectively improving the spatial accuracy of the geological model, and providing a reliable geological basis for sand body prediction and oil and gas development in the later stage of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield of dryland wheat can be promoted in plastic-film-mulching cultivation but the grain protein content is decreased simultaneously. Fertilizer management is considered as one of the solutions to this problem. From September 2013 to September 2016, we conducted a three-year experiment in four fixed dryland plots in central Loess Plateau with winter wheat under three cropping patterns. The CP pattern was the local conventional cropping pattern without plastic film mulching and uniform fertilization. The RF pattern was carried out by ridge mulching, furrow seeding and uniform fertilization. The RFF pattern was similar to RF except that fertilizer was located with side-dressing under plastic film. The nitrate-N content in 0-40 cm soil layer, soil moisture (0-200 cm), the nitrogen absorption and utilization of wheat plant, final yield, grain protein content, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured. In the dry 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 growing seasons, compared with CP, yield increased by 9.5% and 6.3% in RF and by 18.8% and 22.8% in RFF, WUE increased by 5.8% and 8.7% in RF and by 13.2% and 19.6% in RFF. The grain protein content under RF condition decreased by 7.1% in 2013-2014 and 9.9% in 2015-2016, however, that under RFF condition had no significant changes in both years. In the wet 2014-2015 growing season, grain yield had no significant changes among CP, RF, and RFF, whereas the grain protein content and WUE in RFF were increased by 6.0% and 17.0%, respectively. RFF could adjust soil water storage and consumption better than RF with decreasing water consumption in 100-200 cm soil layer in wet year and increasing water harvest during fallow period in dry year. In addition, RFF was more favorable than RF to the nitrate-N content in 0-40 cm soil layer, total N content in root at anthesis and harvest, total N content in leaf at anthesis, and N absorption, accumulation in vegetative organs and N translocation to grain. As a result, RFF had higher yield, grain protein content, and WUE than RF. In dry years of 2013-2014 and 2015-2016, compared with RF, the yield in RFF was increased by 8.4% and 15.5%, the grain protein content increased by 9.9% and 8.7%, and WUE increased by 7.0% and 10.0%, respectively. In the wet year of 2014-2015, the grain protein content in RFF was 6.0% higher than that in RF, although there was no significant increase of yield under RFF condition. These results indicate that RFF is an excellent cropping pattern for dryland wheat because it is able to maintain the soil N supply at later growing stage and water storage in deep soil before seeding of the following growing season, as well as increase yield, protein content and WUE of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The light responses of Nelumbo nucifera 'Boli Furen',a local N. nucifera species was investigated under full light and 50% shading conditions in Shanghai. The net photosynthetic rate-light response curves of N. nucifera leaves were fitted and analyzed through four light response models to identify the best-fit models of different light conditions and explore the adaptability of N. nucifera to shading environment. The results showed that the sequence of fitting effect of the four light response models was in descending order of modified rectangular hyperbola model > exponential model > non-rectangular hyperbola model > rectangular hyperbola model. The latter three models had no extreme values, and could not directly and accurately provide values of light saturation point (LSP) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn max). In contrast, the modified rectangular hyperbola model showed the best fit for LSP, Pn max, dark respiration rate (Rd) and LCP resulting in the minimum relative errors between the measured and fitted values. Light response parameters of N. nucifera declined with the decreasing light. There were no significant differences between full light and shade treatments except for Rd. It was indicated that N. nucifera had good photosynthetic adaptive response and adjustment to weak light to maintain normal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The residues of tebuconazole were studied in different banana tissues to provide support for the safty of banana and its waste. [Method]With the foliar and the whole plant spray application, tebuconazole EW was sprayed on the banana plants including leaf and cluster and the residues of tebuconazole were determinated by HPLC. According to the first-order kinetic equation, the half-life of tebuconazole was calculated and the degradation dynamics in different tissues (fruit, leaf, petiole, pseudostem) were also analyzed. [Result]The initial deposits of tebuconazole in different banana tissues were found to be in the range of 0 to 0.945 mg/kg. At the foliar spray application, the half lives of tebuconazole in leaves, petiole and pseudostem were 7.7, 0.9 and 1.5 d, respectively. The tebuconazole was not detected in fruits. At the whole plant spray application, the half-life of tebuconazole in fruits was 27.0 d. [Conclusion]The degradation of tebuconazole in fruits was significantly slower than other banana tissues. Foliar spray application could reduce the residue of tebuconazole in fruits effectively. The contents of tebuconazole in different tissues of banana are below MHLs on the 28th day after spray application, therefore the tissues could be recycled and used safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]