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The standardized nutrition support therapy can improve the nutritional status, immunity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. The latest Chinese government policy also clearly states that nutrition support therapy should be included in the whole process of treatment and recovery of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the Beijing Quality Control and Improvement Center for Clinical Nutrition Therapy has organized relevant experts to formulate the Recommendations of Nutritional Treatment for Patients with COVID-19 Infection (2023), following the latest clinical nutrition guidelines, research evidence and clinical practice of nutrition support of COVID-19. The recommendations suggest that individualized nutrition management be implemented by following the standardized pathway of nutrition management, which includes nutrition-risk screening, malnutrition diagnosis, nutrition treatment and nutrition monitoring, and by taking into account the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19.

The experiment was to analyze and compare the biological yield, nutrient composition, total nutrient per unit area and nutrient degradation effect of 48 h rumen in vitroamong conventional maize harvest, live stalk harvest and whole plant maize silage harvest. A randomized block design was used, with three different harvest periods, namely conventional harvest, live stalk harvest and whole corn silage harvest, and three replicate plots were set up for each harvest period. The results showed that when the dry matter (DM) of whole plant maize silage was 33.76%, the biological yield was the highest (21.78 t/hm²), which was significantly higher than that of conventional harvest and live stem harvest (19.22, 20.13 t/hm²) (P<0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of conventionally harvested corn grains was significantly higher than that of corn stover and corn cob (P<0.05). The CP yield of whole plant corn silage harvest was significantly higher than that of conventional harvest and live culm harvest (P<0.05), the crude fiber (CF) yield of whole plant corn silage harvest was significantly higher than that of conventional harvest and live culm harvest (P<0.05), and the total energy (GE) of whole plant corn silage harvest was significantly higher than that of conventional harvest and live culm harvest (P<0.05). The in vitro degradation rates of DM and CP of whole corn silage harvest were significantly higher than those of conventional harvest and live stalk harvest (P<0.05). The total amount of biodegradable DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) per unit area of rumen in vitro at 48 h after whole corn silage harvest was significantly higher than that after conventional harvest and live stem harvest (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that of the whole plant corn harvest forage production of biological yield, nutrition composition and digestible nutrition has significant influence, whole plant corn silage harvest can get the best digest nutrient efficiency, prolong the grain harvest can reduce the biological yield and the amount of digestible nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore whether the advance rate of the working face will have a secondary impact on the safe and efficient production of coal mine after coal seam water injection prevents impact pressure and relieves the danger, uniaxial compression tests of dry and saturated coal samples under different loading rates were carried out, and the loading rate effects of peak intensity, acoustic emission energy, RA value and AF value, fracture morphology, fractal dimension and impact tendency characteristics of saturated coal samples are explored, and the microscopic mechanism of loading rate of saturated coal sample damage failure characteristics was revealed. The results show that with the increase of loading rate, the peak intensity of dry and saturated coal samples first decreases and then increases, and the loading rate of 0.01mm/s is the critical loading rate leading to the intensity transition. The macroscopic failure mode of saturated coal samples under different loading rates is a tensile-shear composite failure dominated by shear failure, and the maximum acoustic emission energy value first decreases and then increases, and reaches the minimum value at the critical loading rate. The proportion of microscopic shear fractures in saturated coal samples first decreases and then increases, and reaches a minimum value at the critical loading rate. The fracture morphology of saturated coal samples transitions from long trough-like fractures to completely irregular fractures, and the critical loading rate was the turning point at which a large number of irregular fractures begin to appear. With the increase of loading rate, the proportion of small-sized coal chips crushed by saturated coal samples decreased, and the proportion of large-sized coal chips increased. The fractal dimension of dry and saturated coal samples gradually decreased, the fitting curve satisfies the power function law, and the fractal dimension of saturated coal samples increases compared with that of dry coal samples. With the increase of loading rate, the KE of dry and saturated coal samples decreased first and then increased, reaching a minimum at the critical loading rate. The inhibition effect of coal seam water injection on the impact pressure of the working face is higher than the inducing effect of the loading rate on the working face. Before the critical loading rate, with the increase of the loading rate, the pore water pressure inside the microfractures of the saturated coal sample increased less, the contribution stiffness was small, and the competitiveness was weak, while the crack growth rate increased faster and the competitiveness was stronger. After that, the pore water pressure increased greatly, the contribution stiffness increased, and the competitiveness was strong, while the crack growth rate increased relatively slowly and the competitiveness was weak. Under the competition of two factors, pore water pressure and crack growth rate, the mechanical and damage characteristics of saturated coal samples with different loading rates showed nonlinear characteristics.

In order to improve the accuracy of mine water inrush source identification, a KPCA-GWO-SVM-based mine water inrush source identification model is proposed. The algorithm uses kernel principal component analysis(KPCA) for feature dimension reduction to speed up water source identification, and searches for the optimal parameters of support vector machine(SVM) through graywolf optimization(GWO) algorithm to make water source identification more accurate. Taking Zhaogezhuang Mine as the research object, analyzing the main hydro-chemical types of each aquifer, selecting 6 ion indicators, extracting 3 principal components by KPCA, and randomly selecting 70% of the total sample size as the training set (47 groups in total), 30% as a prediction set(20 groups in total), the KPCA-GWO-SVM model was constructed and compared with the KPCA-PSO-SVM, KPCA-WOA-SVM and KPCA-SVM models. The results show that the water source prediction results of KPCA-GWO-SVM are consistent with the actual results, which is 10% higher than the prediction accuracy of the model without KPCA processing, and the optimization speed is faster. Compared with other models, the model proposed in this paper has the highest accuracy rate and has superiority.

Based on the article of “Status Quo and Suggestions for the Technology Development of Support along Gob-Side Entry Retaining in China” the work summarized the new technological development of gob-side entry retaining in China since the 21st century including the construction technology and method of gob-side fill. It develops from high-water and paste filling to soft mold walls and advanced pillar support. Support strength and isolated tightness have been greatly improved, with certain flexibility to adapt to roof settling. Basic support in the roadway along gob-side entry retaining has high preload, high strength, high stiffness, and large elongation after more than 20 years of development, which can control the large deformation of the surrounding rocks of the roadway and realize timely and active support. Single pillars are generally supplemented as reinforced support in the roadway to further maintain the stability and integrity of surrounding rocks. Statistical analysis shows that the key to the success of gob-side entry retaining is the combination of roadside support and support in the roadway. The new technology of gob-side entry retaining with gob-side fill and roof-cutting pressure relief was introduced, including the principle of pressure relief, the method and parameters of roof cutting, and the support method in the roadway after roof cutting and its engineering application, etc. The work has expounded the new research achievements on gob-side entry retaining in China recently, e.g., the roof-cutting resistance and support resistance of the filling body, the interaction relationship between the filling body and surrounding rocks, stress deformation characteristics, roof-cutting pressure relief, and the surrounding rock activity of the roof-cutting pressure relief of gob-side entry retaining and its interaction with the supporting body. Technical and scientific problems of gob-side entry retaining were pointed out in roadside support and support in a roadway in China. Suggestions for the future development of China's technology along the empty alley were proposed from support design, surrounding rock control, research methods, and technical equipment.

Objective To assess the clinical feasibility of the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) ultrasound definition and quantification system for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ultrasound scoring system. Methods A total of 62 RA patients diagnosed in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of our hospital and undergoing complete small joints ultrasonography from January 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The grey scale ultrasonography (GSUS) and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) of synovitis in the hands, wrist and feet were retrospectively analyzed and semi-quantitatively (grades 0~3) scored twice by a physician with 10-year experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound and a junior physician with 1.5-year experience in this aspect, respectively, according to 2017EULAR. Weighted kappa test was used to evaluate intra and inter-observer consistency. The senior physician assessed the ultrasonographical data again according to the most widely used Szkudlarek scoring. Chi-square test was used to compare the 2 scoring systems. After the 2017 EULAR scores of senior physicians were taken as reference, the scores of GSUS and PDUS were summed up to an total score, and the correlation of the GSUS, PDUS and total scores with clinical parameters were analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis for non-normally distributed variables and Pearson for binormal variable. Results Compared with the results of Szkudlarek method, the distributions of 2017 EULAR GSUS grade 2 in the proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints were of significant differences (P < 0.05), and so were those of GSUS grade 3 in the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (P < 0.05). The PDUS differences of grade 1 and 2 in the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Both GSUS and PDUS scores were positively correlated with disease activity (DAS)28 score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). There was a good consistency between different observers in 2017 EULAR GSUS and PDUS scoring, with a weighted kappa value ranging from 0.494 to 1. Conclusion 2017 EULAR scoring system can relatively improve the uneven distribution of the existing semi-quantitative scoring, and the results are positively correlated with clinical indicators, such as DSA28 score, ESR, and levels of CRP and IL-6. It also has a good consistency among different observers. So it is worthy of clinical promotion.

To provide bases for the tests, design and construction of deep beams, the improved robust design method and the new signal-to-noise ratio were employed. Parameters including the shear span ratio, the concrete strength, the yield strength of horizontal hoop, and the yield strength of vertical hoop were taken into account. The shear strength of deep beams and the factors affecting it were analyzed by the softened truss model and the improved robust design method, respectively. The results show that the strength of concrete has the largest influence on the shear strength of component, the next is the shear span ratio, the yield strength of horizontal reinforce and the yield strength of vertical reinforce have the least influence on it. The analysis result of improved robust design method agrees better with the test result compared with Taguchi method, and it is more accurate and more convenient than Taguchi method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the comparison of acoustic properties of different types of charge in underwater explosion, the underwater explosion tests of TNT, RS211 and RS3-4 charges have been carried out. The acoustic characteristics of three charges have been measured and analyzed in five aspects of the shock wave attenuation, duration of shock wave, acoustic pressure levels and the power-ratio spectrum. The results showed that the charge in underwater explosion can be taken as a strong acoustic interference source. The acoustic properties of charges are varied with their propagation distance, and their interference effects are carried out as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze underwater explosion signal effectively, the Welch spectrum method had been used to extract the signal features, and by the Mallat algorithm, the whole underwater explosion signal have been gradually extracted by means of one dimensional discrete wavelet transformation. The smooth and detailed parts of the signal had been separated so that the whole signal's features could be more reasonably, precisely extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to testify whether acoustic signal of underwater explosion can be used as an acoustic interference in torpedo's underwater warfare, some underwater explosion tests have been carried out and many experimental data measured. By the test data and timed curves the acoustic characteristics of underwater explosion have been analyzed in terms of shock wave propagation and attenuation, bubble pulsation, signal duration, pressure amplitude and their spectrums of power ratio. The results showed that underwater explosion can be used as a strong source of acoustic interference, and will play an important role in anti-torpedo warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on presupposition in logics and linguistics has seen the changes in perspectives from truth conditions to felicity, then to a dynamic point of view. Traditionally, presupposition is studied mainly from its true or false conditions. This is truth condition analysis. However, Allwood explicitly voiced the uncertainty that such an analysis can be used to deal with the natural language. Because in natural language there also exists "#" proposition which is neither true nor false. In order to deal with such cases, the felicity analysis of the presupposition was suggested, which regards the presupposition as the felicitous conditions related to the corresponding context. In fact, the pragmatic analysis on presupposition must take the following three perspectives into consideration, which are the speaker, the hearer, and the communication process itself. This new method can be called the dynamic analysis of the presupposition. Different arguments over presupposition studies result from the lack of a dynamic perspective on the phenomenon. The presupposition has often been viewed as the mutual background knowledge or the non-controversial information. As a matter of fact, it is also capable transmitting new information in the communication if a dynamic perspective is adopted in the study. Through a dynamic analysis there are two kinds of presuppositions. One is the basic common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer, while the other is the speaker's intention which the hearer can infer from the assertion and usually the new information. To put it simply, the former is called conventional presupposition and the latter intentional presupposition. Generally speaking, the presupposition shares the characteristics of felicity, common ground, the covertness and defeasibility. However these features are often discussed without even considering the speaker, the hearer or the communication process. Besides these familiar features, the presupposition has some new features such as vagueness, mobility, and hierarchy if observed dynamically. In conclusion, the constituent parts of presupposition are heterogeneous. It can pass on new information and can be classified into two categories: conventional presupposition and intentional ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of metaphors in human languages and thoughts is universal. The reason why metaphors are so widely and frequently used is one of the major concerns of modern cognitive science. Although researchers, at home and abroad, respond from various perspectives, little attention has been paid to the principle of economy in metaphorical expressions. The internal logic in human behavior follows" the principle of economy", which is embodied in language practice as the economy of linguistic expressions. It is discovered that the principle exerts its influence on different aspects of human language, such as phonetic evolution, syntactic operation and utterance presentation. The principle of economy in language is incarnated in two different ways: to achieve given effect with reduced effort; or to enhance effect with given effort. Metaphorical expressions are of two forms, that is, metaphorical naming and metaphorical statement. The former reflects the first way of economy principle, in that it reduces labor of lots of users with the image, the vividness, and the cognitive convenience for memorizing, although it may take more effort of people to name. By this means, the economy in naming is achieved. The metaphorical statement, on the other hand, reflects the second way: aided by such forms of expressions as presupposition, entailment, etc. , the given utterance disseminate information dispersively in communication, and one unit of utterance thereby achieves several amplifications in linguistic effect. Both metaphorical naming and metaphorical statement reflect the principle of economy in thinking and expressing, and the universality of metaphorical expressions results from people's following the principle of economy in the process of thinking and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Reflexivity" has become one of the focal points in current academic discussions. This paper only attempts to discuss the reflexivity of knowledge. Both social science knowledge and natural science knowledge have reflexivity as both of them fulfill the following three conditions of knowledge reflexivity: the involvement of actual social variables, the knowledge producers' awareness of the involvement, and the counter influence of the awareness of the knowledge production from knowledge producers. However, there is an obvious distinction between the two kinds of reflexivity. The reflexivity of social sciences is plentiful and direct while the reflexivity of natural sciences is scarce and indirect; the former not only influences the direction and consequences of researches but also changes theoretical propositions proper, while the latter limits its influence merely to the reflection of the consequences of knowledge application, and the researches on which are relatively independent of the society. The causes of this difference lie in the characteristics of the subjects studied as well as the degree of involvement of social variables. With the social development, there is a growing involvement of the social variables in social sciences while such involvement in natural sciences remains relatively constant. Furthermore, it is human beings with consciousness and ability to ponder who are involved in the research object of social sciences. Thus, they will have impact on the research and deepen the reflexivity of social sciences as well. Since social sciences have more influencing reflexivity, we should advance with the time when we pursue research in social sciences; while natural science also has its reflexivity, we should take its social influence into account accordingly and try to be a knowledge producer with social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. With the development of genomics technology and medical frontier technology, the systemic treatment of breast cancer has gradually entered the era of personalized medicine. However, the decision-making of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer still mainly relies on traditional clinicopathological factors, and there is a lack of scientific and reliable tools to guide precise radiotherapy in different populations. Hormone receptor (HR) positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer is the most common molecular subtype of breast cancer. The 21-Gene recurrence score (RS) test (Oncotype Dx™, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) is a commercially available genomic test for breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed the current research evidence on the use of 21-Gene RS test for radiotherapy decision-making in HR-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer. Current clinical studies support the predictive value of 21-Gene RS test for adjuvant radiotherapy, and several large-scale prospective clinical studies in this area are underway.

In the last years, hot - stamped coating steel plates have been used to automobile lightweight parts widely to meet the increasingly stringent regulatory requirements for fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while promoting passenger safety. Using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and salt spray test chamber, the coating morphology and corrosion performance of uncoated, hot - dip pure zinc coated and Al - Si coated hot - stamped steel plates were compared and investigated. Results showed that the metallographic structure of the three hot - stamped materials was mainly martensite with a small amount of retained austenite; the coatings of Al - Si coated and zinc coated hot - stamped steel plates were complete, and no cracks penetrating the base material were found; the decarburized layer depth of uncoated hot - stamped steel plate was about 10 μm, the Al - Si coating consisted of α - Fe, Fe2Al5, FeAl and Fe2Al5 layers, and the zinc coating was mainly composed of α - Fe phase; the time spans for occurring 5% red rust in neutral salt spray (NSS) environment for uncoated, Al - Si coated and zinc coated hot - stamped steel plates were 6, 76, 96 h, respectively, and the corrosion depth was 257, 134, 66 μm, respectively. Besides, in NSS environment, the corrosion width for uncoated, Al - Si coated and zinc coated hot - stamped steel plates with electrophoretic treatment was 75.6, 42.3, 143.8 μm and the corrosion depth was 32.2, 7.0, 2.5 μm, respectively. The corrosion resistance was zinc coated electrophoretic plate > Al - Si coated > uncoated plate in order.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Xianglian Pills(XLP) on lipid metabolism in obese mice and explore the underlying mechanism based on network pharmacology and intestinal flora. Firstly, network pharmacology was used to predict the possible effect of XLP on obesity. Secondly, an obese mouse model induced by a high-fat diet was established to observe changes in mouse body weight, adiposity index, liver and adipose tissue pathology. Lipid profiles, liver and kidney function markers, insulin content, and the expression of recombinant uncoupling protein 1(UCP-1) and PR structural domain protein 16(PRDM16) were measured. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes in the intestinal flora. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that XLP mainly played a role in improving obesity by regulating lipolysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance. The results of animal experiments showed that XLP significantly reduced body weight, adiposity, blood lipid levels, and serum insulin levels in obese mice, while enhancing the expression of UCP-1 and PRDM16 in adipose tissue without causing damage to the liver or kidneys. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that XLP decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B) ratio at the phylum level, increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Bacteroides at the family and genus levels, and reduced the abundance of Allobaculum. Therefore, XLP can effectively improve lipid metabolism disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and the mechanism is related to the improvement of brown adipose function, the browning of white fat, the accelerated lipid metabolism, and the improvement of intestinal flora. However, its effect on promoting the conversion of white adipose to brown adipose still needs to be further studied.

To explore the action mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in treating myocardial infarction based on network pharmaco-logy and molecular docking. Active components and corresponding targets of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction were obtained through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP), and related targets of myocardial infarction were obtained through GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. Then the intersection targets were obtained by integrating the drug targets and disease targets. The &quot;active component-target&quot; network was constructed by Cytoscape software, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was drawn using STRING platform. Protein cluster analysis was carried out using MCODE. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out using DAVID database and ClueGO, and molecular docking was carried out using Autodock Vina and Pymol. Finally, 226 active components of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction were obtained, 257 corresponding targets, 1 340 targets of myocardial infarction, and 109 drug and disease intersection targets were obtained. From GO enrichment analysis, 208 biological process terms, 38 molecular function terms, and 33 cellular component terms were obtained. From KEGG pathway analysis, NF-κB signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and other related pathways were obtained. The molecular docking results showed that the main active components(quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, luteolin, stigmasterol and baicalein) of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the treatment of myocardial infarction had good binding properties with the core proteins IL6, ALB, VEGFA, TNF, MAPK3 and CASP3. The results suggested that Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction may play a role in the treatment of myocardial infarction by reducing the inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the malignant tumors with highest mortality in the world, it is still a difficult problem in clinical field. Its occurrence and development are closely associated with tumor angiogenesis. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is an important angiogenesis factor that has involved in many researches and it has been confirmed that the expression of Ang-2 is significantly up-regulated in tissues and blood of NSCLC. Meanwhile, Ang-2 is related to malignant biological behavior of cancer cells, making it a potential biological marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC. At present, researches on Ang-2 how to promote the progression of NSCLC around the world are focused on Ang-2 regulating the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC. This paper summarized and estimated the studies and literature reports of regulatory mechanisms of Ang-2 in NSCLC, hopefully it could help looking for targeted drug treatment of Ang-2 in the future.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of sophoridine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MKN45 cells and the possible mechanism. MKN45 cells were randomly divided into control and sophoridine (including 6 subgroups) groups. Cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric method. The protein expression of high mobility group-box 3 (HMGB3) was observed by immunocytochemical staining and Western blot. Hoechst 33342 staining method was used to observe the morphological changes of cells treated with sophoridine. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the proliferation of cells was inhibited by 48-hour treatment of sophoridine in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with control group, sophoridine group showed decreased HMGB3 protein expression and increased apoptotic rate. These results suggest that sophoridine can inhibit the proliferation of MKN45 cells and promote their apoptosis, which may be related to down-regulation of HMGB3 protein expression.

Objective: To prepare a drug-loading film using chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan as the carrier materials for delivering matrine to oral ulcers., Methods: Matrine-loading films using chitosan or carboxymethyl chitosan as the carrier materials were prepared by solution casting method and orthogonal experiment at room temperature. The mechanical properties, surface morphology and drug-loading capacity of the drug-loading film were characterized using tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling test and in vitro drug release test., Results: When the molecular weight of chitosan was 650 000 and the mass ratio of chitosan/glycerol was 1:1.4, the prepared film had the maximum mechanical strength and tensile modulus reaching 0.7875 MPa. SEM observation showed that matrine aggregated at the bottom of the drug-loading film with an asymmetrical distribution. The in vitro drug release test showed that the film had a high drug-loading capacity and a sustained drug release property. The duration of drug release from the drug-loading film was prolonged as the molecular weight of chitosan increased, reaching 23 h when the molecular weight of chitosan was 650 000. The duration of drug release was further increased to 108 h when the bottom of the drug-loading film was coated with a layer of 1% carboxymethyl chitosan., Conclusion: The matrix materials of the drug-loading film are natural, green, nontoxic and biodegradable, and the preparation of the film is simple without using large quantities of organic solvents. The novel drug-loading film can obviously prolong the duration of drugs release for better local drug delivery to oral ulcers in a sustained manner.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between a diverse of clinical factors and bone metastases of prostate cancer., Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with prostate cancer were collected and analyzed. The correlations of age, alkaline phosphotase (ALP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Gleason score, and expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and Ki-67 with bone metastases were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis. The cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity of the independent correlation factors were calculated., Results: Forty-five of the 80 patients (56%) were found to have bone metastasis, who had significantly older age and higher levels of ALP, PSA, ESR, Gleason score, and expressions of AR and Ki-67 than those without bone metastasis (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified PSA, Gleason score and AR expression as independent factors correlated with bone metastasis with OR (95% CI) of 1.005 (1.001, 1.009) (P=0.008), 5.356 (1.431, 20.039) (P=0.013), and 18.594 (2.460, 140.524) (P=0.005), respectively. The cutoff values of PSA, Gleason Score and AR were 67.1 ng/ml, 7.5, and 2.5, respectively; their sensitivities were 55.6%, 75.6%, and 84.0% for predicting bone metastasis with specificities of 97.1%, 82.9%, and 91.4%, respectively., Conclusion: Of the factors analyzed, PSA, Gleason score and AR expression, but not age, ALP, PSA, ESR, or Ki-67 expression, are the predictive factors of bone metastasis of prostate cancer.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of Ruiyun procedure for hemorrhoids (RPH) combined with Xiaozhiling injection in the treatment of hemorrhoids complicated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its influence on cellular immune function., Methods: Clinical data of 76 hemorrhoid patients, including 36 positive HIV and 40 negative HIV, undergoing RPH combined with Xiaozhiling injections in our center from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical efficacy and cellular immune function preoperative day 1, postoperative day 7, 30 were compared between positive and negative groups., Results: Recurrence rates of positive group and negative group postoperative 6 months were 22.2% (8/36) and 22.5% (9/40), postoperative 1 year were 30.6% (11/36) and 30.0% (12/40) without significant differences (all P>0.05). Morbidity of postoperative complication was also not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). According to HIV classification, peripheral lymph cell ratio, CD4 count, CD4/CD8, white blood cell count and neutrophil ratio were not significantly different between preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 7 in both groups (all P>0.05). Decreasing velocity and amplitude of CD4 in both groups from high to low was HIV III, HIV II, HIV I, HIV-, while after 30 days the increase of CD4 from high to low was HIV-, HIV I, HIV II, HIV III, which were significantly different as compared to postoperative day 7 (all P<0.05)., Conclusions: RPH combined with Xiaozhiling injection in the treatment of hemorrhoids complicated with HIV infection is effective and safe. Postoperative inhibited cellular immune function can recover quickly.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral administration of probiotics on intestinal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)., Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in the preterm infants who were transferred to the NICU immediately after birth. These infants were stratified by whether they were breastfed and then randomized into test group and control group. The test group was given probiotics from the day when enteral feeding began, while the control group was treated conventionally without probiotics. The two groups were compared in terms of the colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, as assessed by rectal swabs on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after birth, and the incidence of diseases., Results: Rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria was found in the test group (n=119) and control group (n=138) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after birth. There were no significant differences in the incidence of late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis between the two groups (P>0.05). Among non-breastfed infants, the test group had significantly decreased rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria compared with the control group on day 14 after birth (71.1% vs 88.9%; P=0.04). No probiotic-related adverse events were observed in the study., Conclusions: Oral administration of probiotics may reduce rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria in preterm infants under certain conditions and shows good safety.

The thermal denaturation of peanut allergen Ara h1, its interaction with reducing sugars and the corresponding changes in allergenicity were investigated by circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence and ELISA method comprehensively. The experimental results indicate that the secondary structure of Ara h1 changes significantly along with decreasing alpha-helical structure and its allergenicity with the temperature higher than 85 degrees C, and that both xylose and fructose can stabilize Ara h1 protein structure through interacting with Ara h1 protein and decrease its allergenicity obviously. This study should be helpful to the further understanding of sensitization mechanism of food allergy and be useful for the guidance on reasonable manufacturing of peanut foods.

Objective: To observe the changes in the expressions of STAT3 and NF-KB in PC-3 cells after IL-6 stimulation and to verify the effects of the NF-KB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the expressions of p-STAT3 and IL-6 in the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line., Methods: PC-3 prostate cancer cells were treated with IL-6 at 20 ng/ml for 5, 10, 20, 30 and 45 min. The protein and mRNA expressions of STAT3 and NF-kappaB were measured by Western blot and real time PCR, respectively, and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The PC-3 cells were exposed to TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha + CAPE, followed by determination of the IL-6 expression in the supernatant of the cells by ELISA and the expression of p-STAT3 by Western blot., Results: After IL-6 stimulation, both the expression of p-STAT3 protein and the proliferation index of the PC-3 cells were significantly increased, and so were the expressions of IL-6 and p-STAT3 protein in the supernatant after TNF-alpha treatment (P < 0.05). TNF-alpha + CAPE induced statistically lower expressions of IL-6 and p-STAT3 than TNF-alpha alone (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: CAPE can inhibit IL-6 secretion induced by TNF-alpha in PC-3 cells and thus suppress STAT3 translocation. Therefore, by inhibiting the expression of NF-kappaB and affecting STAT3 and other related cell signaling pathways, CAPE may become a new therapeutic option for prostate cancer.

Objective: Using the stable HSPA1A (HSP70-1) promoter-driven luciferase reporter HepG2 cells (HepG2/HSPA1A cells) to assess the overall toxicity of coke oven emissions., Methods: The stable HepG2/HSPA1A cells were treated with different concentrations of coke oven emissions (COEs) collected from the top, side, and bottom of a coke oven battery for 24 h. After the treatments, luciferase activity, cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Olive tail moment, and micronuclei frequency were determined, respectively., Results: The bottom COEs induced significant increases (P < 0.01) in relative luciferase activity up to 1.4 times the control level at 0.15 µg/L. The low dose of side COEs (0.02 µg/L) led to a significant increase (P < 0.01) in relative luciferase activity that progressively increased to 2.1 times the control level at 65.4 µg/L. The top COEs produced a strong dose-dependent induction of relative luciferase activity up to over 5 times the control level at the highest concentration tested (202 µg/L). In HepG2/HSPA1A cells treated with the bottom COEs, relative luciferase activity was positively correlated with MDA concentration (r = 0.404, P < 0.05). For the three COEs samples, positive correlations were observed between relative luciferase activity and Olive tail moment and micronuclei frequency., Conclusion: The relative luciferase activity in HepG2/HSPA1A cells can sensitively reflect the overall toxicity of COEs. The stable HepG2/HSPA1A cells can be used for rapid screening of the overall toxicity of complex air pollutants in the workplace.

Objective: To explore the effects of smoking on urinary 10 metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coke oven workers., Methods: Occupational health examination was performed on 1401 coke oven workers in one coking plant, their urine were collected respectively. The concentrations of the ten monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The 1401 workers were divided into four groups, namely control, adjunct workplaces, bottom and side, top group according to their workplaces and the different concentrations of PAHs in the environment. The concentrations of the ten monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between smokers and nonsmokers in each workplace group were compared using analysis of covariance, respectively., Results: The levels of concentrations of the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons we detected at control were significantly higher than those at other areas (P < 0.05). Comparing the ten monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels between smokers and nonsmokers, the levels of 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene among smokers were higher than nonsmokers with statistically significance in control, adjunct workplaces, bottom and side and top groups (P < 0.05). However, the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene had no statistically significant differences between the four areas., Conclusion: Urinary 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene may be used as biomarkers for the impact of smoking on monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coke oven workers.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of particulate matter pollution in coke oven plant, so as to provide scientific data for establishing occupational exposure limits for coke oven emissions., Methods: Concentrations of CO, SO₂, BSM, BTEX (concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene were determined in this study), PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, 16 selected PAHs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were determined in the work environment of a coke oven plant in Wuhan. The work environment was divided into the adjunct area, the bottom of, the side of and the top of coke oven., Results: The concentrations of CO, SO₂, BSM, BETX, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, PAHs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were significantly related to working environmental categories, respectively, and were increasing as the adjunct area < bottom < side < top (P (trend) < 0.05). PM₁₀ was statistically significantly correlated with CO, SO₂, benzene, BTEX and BSM (0.705, 0.823, 0.664, 0.624 and 0.734, respectively). PM₂.₅ was statistically significantly correlated with CO, SO₂, benzene, BTEX and BSM (0.635, 0.916, 0. 680, 0.553 and 0.726, respectively). BSM was statistically significantly correlated with benzene (0.689). The ratios of PM₂.₅ to PM₁₀ between different work environments were not significantly different in one-way ANOVA (P > 0.05). The distribution of aromatic rings and the concentrations of total benzo[a] pyrene equivalents in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were not statistically different between work environments., Conclusion: The concentrations of particulate matter was related with other contents of coke oven emissions in coke work environment, and the contents and types of PAHs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were similar.

The complete nucleotide sequence of two human enterovirus 71 strains (KMM09 and KM186-09) isolated in Yunnan,China, were determined by RT-PCR and sequencing. As with other human enteroviruses, the genomes were 7 409 nucleotides (nts) in length and encoded 2 193 aa. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 regions revealed that the two isolates belonged to subgenotype C4a. In structural genomic regions, subgenotype C4 was most homologous to other strains of C genotype when compared to other genotypes. In non-structural genomic regions, subgenotype C4 was more homologous to CA16/G10 and other strains of B genotype than to other strains of C genotype. RDP3 and Blast analysis displayed evidence of recombination in non-structural genomic regions between subgenotype B3 and C4, C4 and CA16/G10. The full-length genome of the human enterovirus 71 strains provided an overview of the diversity of genetic characteristics of a circulatinghuman enterovirus 71.

Objective: To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the micronuclei frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers., Methods: Two hundred thirty six plywood workers were divided into 3 exposure groups (low, middle and high) according to internal exposure biomarker (formaldehyde human serum albumin conjugate, FA-HSA), which was detected by ELISA. The concentrations of formaldehyde (FA) in air of two workshops were measure using the high performance liquid chromatography. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test was used to detect the micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in 236 workers., Results: The average concentrations of FA in the low and high exposure workshops were 0.58 +/- 0.20 and 1.48 +/- 0.61 mg/m3, respectively, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The average concentrations of serum FA-HAS of workers in two workshops were 69.22 +/- 15.37 and 136.29 +/- 89.49 pg/ml, respectively, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The results of CBMN test showed that the micronucleus frequencies in low, middle and high exposure groups were 1.94 +/- 1.72, 2.10 +/- 1.92 and 2.10 +/- 1.70 per thousand, respectively, there were no significant differences between groups. However, the micronucleus frequencies in accumulative low, middle and high exposure groups were 1.36 +/- 1.36, 2.31 +/- 1.81 and 2.49 +/- 1.92 per thousand, respectively, there were significant differences between different accumulative exposure groups (P < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between accumulative exposure levels and micronucleus frequencies (r(s) = 0.321, P < 0.01). The accumulative exposure doses may be a risk factor for high micronucleus frequencies in workers exposed to FA (P(trend) = 0.002)., Conclusion: FA-HSA levels can serve as an internal exposure biomarker for assessing the exposure level of workers exposed to FA. Accumulative formaldehyde exposure resulted in an increase of micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in plywood workers.

Objective: To observe the expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha1 (GABA(A)alpha1) and GABA(B) receptor 1 (GABA(B)1) in human medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus due to tramadol-induced death., Methods: GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 were detected by immunohistochemical SP method in tramadol-induced death group and control group. All results were evaluated by images analysis system., Results: Low expression of GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 were detected in solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus in the control brain tissue. In cases of tramadol-induced death, the expression of GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 significantly increased., Conclusion: The mechanism of tramadol intoxication death could be caused by respiratory depression induced by over-expression of GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(B)1 in medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus.

The aim of this study was to detect DNA damage during expansion ex vivo of umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic cells and explore the optimal harvest time for culture of CB hematopoietic cells. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) separated from UCB were cultured in a serum-free system supplemented with cytokines and colony forming units were assessed by semisolid culture at the same time. On day 0, 7, 14 and 21 cells were collected for single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) analysis and CFUs were also assayed by SCGE, CD34+ cells and CD133+ cells were quantitated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results showed that the percentage of CD34+ and CD133+ cells was found to be highest after short-term culture (<14 days) and the cord blood DNA damage rate was observed to be less than 5.0% at earlier time points, but at day 21 the DNA damage rate was 28.2%, which was higher than that at day 0 (p=0.000), the tail length of the DNA comet was longer than that at day 0 (p=0.000). The tail lengths of DNA damage on other time points were not significantly different from that at day 0. It is concluded that the DNA damage rate is less than 5.0% after short-term (<14 days) culture of UCB cells ex vivo by using this method. After 14 days DNA damage rate increases significantly. The optimal harvest time of cord blood cells after culture ex vivo would be within 14 days.

Objective: To investigate the application of penile cavernous bodies elongation combined with fat flap for the treatment of micro-penis., Methods: Anatomic study was performed to study the thickness of penile suspension ligaments and the relationship between the penile erection stability and the mobilization of cavernous bodies crus. The suspension ligaments were divided and cavernous bodies crus were partially mobilized, so as to release part of the cavernous bodies from inferior ramus of pubis. Then the penis was elongated sufficiently. Local fat flap was transposed to fill the front space of pubis to make sure the effective elongation of penis., Results: 205 cases of micro-penis were treated. The average length of the penis was 4.26 cm in the static state, 8.13 cm in erectile state before operation. After operation, it increased to 8.63 cm in the static state, 12.11 cm in erectile state., Conclusions: The cavernous bodies can be elongated 1-2 cm more with the modified method, while the stability of penile erection is not affected.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the morphology and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in guinea pigs with optic nerve transection., Methods: Seventy-five albino guinea pigs were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, sham-operated group, untreated group, normal saline group and EGb 761 group. No operation was performed in the normal control group. Optic nerve was merely exposed in the sham-operated group, but transected at 1.0 mm from posterior pole of the eye ball in the untreated, normal saline and EGb 761 groups. Guinea pigs in the EGb 761 group or the normal saline group received daily intraperitoneal injection of EGb 761 (100 mg/kg) or corresponding volume of normal saline from 7 days before experiment to 28 days after experiment. Three guinea pigs in each group were sacrificed for apoptosis assay (TUNEL method) of RGC. Pattern electoretinograms (PERGs) were recorded 14 and 28 days after transection, respectively. At the end of the examination, six guinea pigs were killed for histological examination and RGC count., Results: No TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the normal control, sham-operated and EGb 761 groups, but there were TUNEL-positive cells in the untreated group and the normal saline group. The numbers of RGCs in the untreated and normal saline groups were less than those in the normal control and sham-operated groups at 14 days or 28 days (P<0.05). Although the number of RGCs in the EGb 761 group was less than those in the normal control and sham-operated groups (P<0.05), it was more than those in the untreated and normal saline groups (P<0.05). N(95) amplitude in EGb 761 group was higher than those in the untreated and normal saline groups (P<0.05) and close to those in the normal control and sham-operated groups (P>0.05) at 14 days or 28 days. The number of RGCs was positive correlated to N(95) amplitude (r=0.859, P=0.001 5)., Conclusion: EGb 761 can inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs in guinea pigs after optic nerve transection, thus protect the morphology and function of RGCs.

Objective: To observe the sensitivity of the PC-3 cell lines transfected with the PCI-NEO-SNCG plasmid to Cisplatin (DDP), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Adriamycin (ADM), Vincristine (VCR) and Paclitaxel (TAX), and to explore the influence of the SNCG expression on the effectiveness of anti-tumor drugs., Methods: The plasmids PCI-NEO and PCI-NEO-SNCG were transfected into the hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines PC-3. RT-PCR was adopted to examine the expression of SNCG in the PC-3 cell lines. The MTT method was employed to detect the suppressive effects of different anti-tumor drugs (DDP, ADM, 5-FU, VCR and TAX) on the cell lines transfected with PCI-NEO and PCI-NEO-SNCG. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycles and apoptosis of the transfected cells treated with TAX., Results: The 5 anti-tumor drugs suppressed the growth of the cell lines transfected with the plasmids PCI-NEO and PCI-NEO-SNCG in a time-dependant manner. The comparison between the growth-suppressing effects of different anti-tumor drugs on the PC-3 cell lines showed no significant differences between the group transfected with PCI-NEO and that with PCI-NEO-SNCG in DDP, 5-FU, ADM and VCR (P > 0.05), while the rate of suppression of TAX on the latter cell lines was significantly lower than that on the former (P < 0.01). Compared with the PCI-NEO-SNCG plasmid transfected cell lines, after treated with TAX for 48 hours, those transfected with the PCI-NEO plasmid exhibited a significantly larger proportion of cells remaining in the G2-M stage (P < 0.01), a smaller proportion in the G0-G1 and S stages (P < 0.01) and a significantly higher expression of Caspase-3 (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The significant reduction of the growth-suppressing effect of TAX in the SNCG-transfected PC-3 cell lines suggests that the expression of SNCG may restrain the effect of TAX. These findings have provided evidence and guide to the individual chemotherapy of prostate cancer.

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and vaccination strategy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China, from 1998 to 2007., Methods: National data on the prevalence of HFRS during 1998 to 2007 were collected and analyzed. Spatial, time and population distributions of HFRS cases were described., Results: HFRS appeared to remain endemic in the country, while the majority of cases (accounting for 81.76% of total cases), were located in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Hunan, Jilin and Zhejiang provinces. The occurrence of HFRS appeared to be seasonal, with two peaks in spring season and autumn/winter season, with 10.00% of the cases occurred in these peak months. The incidence rates were at a relatively low level because of the continuous decline of HFRS in the recent years. With age distribution, 0.97% were younger than 10, 96.71% were between 10 and 70, 87.32% were between 15 and 60, and 2.31% were older than 70. The proportion of male patients accounted for three quarters. Around 70.00% of the cases were farmers. Young and middle-aged male farmers were at high risk., Conclusion: The descriptive study on epidemiological characteristics of HFRS in the recent years had provided scientific evidence for vaccination strategy, suggesting the key regions, sub-populations as well as types of vaccines be determined.

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with a dual mode of action. Its analgesic efficacy is attributed to its partial affinity for the mu-opiate receptor and its inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. Acting in a synergistic manner and being more efficacious, tramadol is used worldwide for the treatment of moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. Abuse and dependence of tramadol as well as tramadol-related deaths have been increasingly reported, either ingested alone or taken in combination with other potentially interacting drugs. The possible toxic effect of tramadol was reviewed from aspects of its analgesic mechanisms, adverse effect, dependence, and abuse.

The aim of this study was to expand hematopoietic progenitor cells at large scale by magnet stirred culture system. Mononuclear cell from umbilical cord blood were cultured in serum-free medium with stem cell factor, FIT-3 ligand and thrombopoietin. Firstly, the role of magnet on cell growth and colony-forming was studied by static culture on 0, 25 and 50 mT. Then the expansion multiple of cells, colony-forming and expression of surface markers were studied in magnet stirred culture by cell counting, colony-forming assay and flow cytometry. The results indicated that there was no difference in multiple of total cell expansion and numbers of hematopoietic colonies between 0, 25 and 50 mT groups and spinner groups (all p > 0.05). After 7 day cultures, the multiple of total cell expansion in magnet stirred culture was higher than that in static culture (p < 0.01). The numbers of CFU-GM (colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage) and CFU-E (erythroid colony forming unit) in magnet stirred culture were higher than those in static culture, (p < 0.05). The primitive cells (CD34(+), CD34(+)/CD38(-) or CD133(+)) of the expanded cells in magnet stirred culture were less than those in static culture (p < 0.05). However, the CD184(+) or CD62L(+) expanded cells were more than that in static culture (p < 0.05). It is concluded that magnet stirred culture favors the expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The results will be finally confirmed in further in vivo experiments and clinical applications.

To investigate whether lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) are involved in vasoendothelial adhesion and transendothelial migration of high proliferative potential endothelial progenitor cells (HPP-EPCs), flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of integrin beta1 and beta2, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, 2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in mouse bone marrow endothelial cells (mBMECs). The adhesion and transmigration through endothelial cells of the HPP-EPCs blocked by functional grade neutralizing antibodies of VLA-4 and LFA-1 were studied in vitro. The results revealed that HPP-EPCs were positive for CD11a and CD49d in HPP-EPCs. The expression of ICAM-1and VCAM-1 of mBMECs increased after activated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. The results of adhesion in vitro revealed that the numbers of the adhered and migrated cells in the CD11a antibody group, in the CD49d antibody group and in the combinational antibody group were less than those in the isotype control antibody group. Furthermore, the number of adhered and migrated cells in the combinational antibody group was less than that in the CD11a or the CD49d antibody group (p < 0.05). It is concluded that both LFA-1 and VLA-4 are involved in vasoendothelial adhesion and transendothelial migration of HPP-EPCs.

The aim of this study was to establish the method of isolating and culturing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human umbilical cord blood. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) from human umbilical cord blood were cultured by using culture system supplemented with endothelial cell-conditioned medium. The obtained two types of cells were purified by picking up colonies, identified by uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) and binding to lectin [Ulex European Agglatinin (UEA-1)], and were analyzed for the expression of markers by flow cytometry. The results showed that there were significant differences between two types of cells in proliferation, so they were referred as circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) and high proliferative potential endothelial progenitor cells (HPP-EPCs), respectively. They were in accordance with the standards of EPCs, could uptake DiI-Ac-LDL and bind to UEA-1, and expressed the markers of endothelial cells, such as CD31, CD144 and vWF detected by immunocytochemistry. The transcription of CD31, KDR, CD144 and ENOS in both of them could be detected by RT-PCR, but FACS analysis showed significant differences of surface marker expression between them. In conclusion, two types of EPCs are successfully obtained by culturing MNCs isolated from human umbilical cord blood using endothelial cell-conditioned medium.

Objective: In order to better understand the epidemiological features of Hantviruses in Inner Mongolia., Methods: Epidemiological surveillance data during the period of the past 52 years were analyzed. An epidemiological survey was carried out in the main epidemic areas in 2005., Results: A total of 8310 hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases were reported in Inner Mongolia from 1955 to 2006, and distributed in 61 counties. HFRS cases were mainly distributed in the east part of Inner Mongolia before 1990. However, HFRS cases had occurred in the middle and western parts since 1990. Hulunbeier prefecture, from the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, had been the most severe area being hit by HERS since the first outbreak in 1955, with 7369 cases reported over the past 52 years, and accounted for 88.68% of the total cases in the whole autonomous region. Although no HFRS cases had been reported before 1999 in Bayannaoer which located in the western part of Inner Mongolia, a total of 95 cases were reported in 2005. Hantavirus antigens had been detected in 11 species of rodents so far,including Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Mus Musculus, Cricetulus barabensis, meriones meridianus, Microtus maximowiczii , Clethrionomys rutilus, Apodemus peninsulae, Phodopus roborvskii, Dipus sagitta and Allactaga sibirica., Conclusion: Results suggested that the epidemics might remain at a relatively high level in the years to come in Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, there might be other types of Hantaviruses in addition to the already identified Seoul viral type in this area.

The expressions of BtCry1Ac insect-resistance genes and rhizogenesis genes and their response to NaCl stress were studied using tissue culture plants of high transgenic insect-resistant 'poplar 741' and transpolygenes 741 (insect-resistant genes and T-DNA of Ri plasmid). The results showed that IAA and GA contents increased quickly, plant root number increased and root length reduced after rhizogenesis and hormone synthesis related gene in Ri T-DNA were inserted into the genome of poplar (Figs.2, 3, 8 and 9). Plant height, root number, chlorophyll content, IAA and GA contents decreased gradually with an increase in NaCl stress intensity (Figs.1, 2, 4-6, 8 and 9). Apiece index change extent of transgenic rol gene plant was smaller than transgenic Bt gene plant and non-transgenic plant. Bt toxin protein content of transgenic rol gene plant increased significantly under NaCl stress (Fig.7). Our results indicate that the expressions of the foreign genes changed with the changes of the environmental conditions.

Objective: To develop a multiplexed mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR) for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci typing in mitochondrial DNA coding regions and to study the applications in investigating the allele frequencies and haplotypes of four SNP loci in mitochondrial DNA coding regions in Chinese Chengdu Han population., Methods: Four SNP loci C12705T, A8701G, G8584A and C10400T, two allele specific forward primer with 4 bases different in size and a common reverse primer were designed for SNP typing. The primers simultaneously were amplified in a single tube. The genotyping of SNPs was determined by the two allele specific fragments different in size after polyacrylamide gel and silver staining., Results: The different SNP loci comprised a single band with different size respectively. Typing results were completely consistent with those by direct sequencing. The allelic frequencies of C12705T, A8701G, G8584A and C10400T were 0.3813/0.6187, 0.4813/0.5187, 0.8250/0.1750 and 0.4938/0.5062 respectively. A total of 6 different haplotypes was identified and the genetic diversity reached 0.7137., Conclusion: Multiplexed MS-PCR is a simple, rapid, accurate and efficient method for SNP typing, which will be very powerful for SNPs in the database establishing of mitochondrial DNA coding regions, the testing of forensic and population genetics research.

Objective: To explore the hantavirus infection and their genotype in rodents in Hunan., Methods: Hantavirus antigens in the rat lungs from Hunan province were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Partial S and M segment in antigen-positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, and then sequenced. The phyologenetic trees were constructed for the analysis of genetic characters of hantavirus., Results: A total of 344 rats were trapped in the main epidemic area of Hunan province, and hantavirus antigens were found in 6 of the 344 rats( 1.74% ).The phylogenetic trees constructed by partial S segment( nt 620-990) or partial G2 segment (nt 2001- 2301) showed that the hantaviruses carried by Rattus norvegicus, R . flabipectus and R. rattoides from Xiangxiang district were genetic subtype SEOV4. The virus carried by R. norvegicus in Ningyuan district was phylogenetically different from the known SEOV. The hantavirus carried by Mus musculus from Shimen district was genetic subtype HTNV4., Conclusion: The hantaviruses in the main epidemic areas in Hunan province mainly belonged to SEOV, and R. flabipectus and R. rattoides carried the same genotype of SEOV as R. norvegicus.